IR: Add nofpclass parameter attribute

This carries a bitmask indicating forbidden floating-point value kinds
in the argument or return value. This will enable interprocedural
-ffinite-math-only optimizations. This is primarily to cover the
no-nans and no-infinities cases, but also covers the other floating
point classes for free. Textually, this provides a number of names
corresponding to bits in FPClassTest, e.g.

  call nofpclass(nan inf) @must_be_finite()
  call nofpclass(snan) @cannot_be_snan()

This is more expressive than the existing nnan and ninf fast math
flags. As an added bonus, you can represent fun things like nanf:

  declare nofpclass(inf zero sub norm) float @only_nans()

Compared to nnan/ninf:
  - Can be applied to individual call operands as well as the return value
  - Can distinguish signaling and quiet nans
  - Distinguishes the sign of infinities
  - Can be safely propagated since it doesn't imply anything about
    other operands.
  - Does not apply to FP instructions; it's not a fl...