[libc++][NFC] Apply clang-format on large parts of the code base

This commit does a pass of clang-format over files in libc++ that
don't require major changes to conform to our style guide, or for
which we're not overly concerned about conflicting with in-flight
patches or hindering the git blame.

This roughly covers:
- benchmarks
- range algorithms
- concepts
- type traits

I did a manual verification of all the changes, and in particular I
applied clang-format on/off annotations in a few places where the
result was less readable after than before. This was not necessary
in a lot of places, however I did find that clang-format had pretty
bad taste when it comes to formatting concepts.

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D153140