[lldb] Add more ways to find the .dwp file. (#81067)

When using split DWARF we can run into many different ways to store
debug info:
- lldb loads `<exe>` which contains skeleton DWARF and needs to find
`<exe>.dwp`
- lldb loads `<exe>` which is stripped but has .gnu_debuglink pointing
to `<exe>.debug` with skeleton DWARF and needs to find `<exe>.dwp`
- lldb loads `<exe>` which is stripped but has .gnu_debuglink pointing
to `<exe>.debug` with skeleton DWARF and needs to find `<exe>.debug.dwp`
- lldb loads `<exe>.debug` and needs to find `<exe>.dwp`

Previously we only handled the first two cases. This patch adds support
for the latter two.