Re-land "[PDB] Merge types in parallel when using ghashing"

Stored Error objects have to be checked, even if they are success
values.

This reverts commit 8d250ac3.
Relands commit 49b34599..

Original commit message:
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This makes type merging much faster (-24% on chrome.dll) when multiple
threads are available, but it slightly increases the time to link (+10%)
when /threads:1 is passed. With only one more thread, the new type
merging is faster (-11%). The output PDB should be identical to what it
was before this change.

To give an idea, here is the /time output placed side by side:
                              BEFORE    | AFTER
  Input File Reading:           956 ms  |  968 ms
  Code Layout:                  258 ms  |  190 ms
  Commit Output File:             6 ms  |    7 ms
  PDB Emission (Cumulative):   6691 ms  | 4253 ms
    Add Objects:               4341 ms  | 2927 ms
      Type Merging:        ...