[clang][dataflow] Rewrite `getReferencedDecls()` with a `RecursiveASTVisitor`. (#93461)

We previously had a hand-rolled recursive traversal here that was
exactly what
`RecursiveASTVistor` does anyway. Using the visitor not only eliminates
the
explicit traversal logic but also allows us to introduce a common
visitor base
class for `getReferencedDecls()` and `ResultObjectVisitor`, ensuring
that the
two are consistent in terms of the nodes they visit. Inconsistency
between these
two has caused crashes in the past when `ResultObjectVisitor` tried to
propagate
result object locations to entities that weren't modeled becasue
`getReferencedDecls()` didn't visit them.