[libc] Rework the GPU build to be a regular target (#81921)

Summary:
This is a massive patch because it reworks the entire build and
everything that depends on it. This is not split up because various bots
would fail otherwise. I will attempt to describe the necessary changes
here.

This patch completely reworks how the GPU build is built and targeted.
Previously, we used a standard runtimes build and handled both NVPTX and
AMDGPU in a single build via multi-targeting. This added a lot of
divergence in the build system and prevented us from doing various
things like building for the CPU / GPU at the same time, or exporting
the startup libraries or running tests without a full rebuild.

The new appraoch is to handle the GPU builds as strict cross-compiling
runtimes. The first step required
https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/pull/81557 to allow the `LIBC`
target to build for the GPU without touching the other targets. This
means that the GPU uses all the same handling as the other builds in
`libc`.

The n...