[ELF] Attempt to set the OS when using 'makeTriple()' (#76992)

Summary:
This patch fixes up the `makeTriple()` interface to emit append the
operating system information when it is readily avaialble from the ELF.
The main motivation for this is so the GPU architectures can be easily
identified correctly when given and ELF. E.g. we want
`amdgpu-amd-amdhsa` as the output and not `amdgpu--`.

This required adding support for the CUDA OS/ABI, which is easily found
to be `0x33` when using `readelf`.