[mlir][Linalg] Add a padding option to Linalg tiling

This revision allows the base Linalg tiling pattern to optionally require padding to
a constant bounding shape.
When requested, a simple analysis is performed, similar to buffer promotion.
A temporary `linalg.simple_pad` op is added to model padding for the purpose of
connecting the dots. This will be replaced by a more fleshed out `linalg.pad_tensor`
op when it is available.
In the meantime, this temporary op serves the purpose of exhibiting the necessary
properties required from a more fleshed out pad op, to compose with transformations
properly.

Reviewed By: ftynse

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D95149