[Intrinsics] Make `patchpoint.i64` generic on its return type (#85911)

Currently patchpoints can only have two result types, `void` and `i64`.
This limits the result to general purpose registers.
This patch makes `patchpoint.i64` an overloadable intrinsic, allowing
result values that can fit in a single register (e.g. integers,
pointers, floats).