[libc] Implement the 'clock()' function on the GPU

This patch implements the `clock()` function on the GPU. This function
is supposed to return a timestamp that can be converted into seconds
using the `CLOCKS_PER_SEC` macro. The GPU has a fixed frequency timer
that can be used for this purpose. However, there are some
considerations.

First is that AMDGPU does not have a statically known fixed frequency. I
know internally that the gfx10xx and gfx11xx series use a 100 MHz clock
which will probably remain for the future. Gfx9xx typically uses a 25
MHz clock except for the Vega 10 GPU. The only way to know for sure is
to look it up from the runtime. For this purpose, I elected to default
it to some known values and assign these to an exteranlly visible symbol
that can be initialized if needed. If we do not have a good guess we
just return zero.

Second is that the `CLOCKS_PER_SEC` macro only gives about a microsecond
of resolution. POSIX demands that it's 1,000,000 so it's best that we
keep with this traditi...