[libc++][CI] Improves clang-(tidy|query) selection.

Hardcode the version of the tools used in the test feature script
instead of the tests. By changing the hard-coded location it's
easier to make the location flexible in the future.

Drive-by change
- The minimum required version for clang-query is now 15, which matches
  our future idea as outlined in the Dockerfile.
- The minimum required version for clang-tidy is now 16, which enables
  the new clang-tidy ADL plugin. This plugin is disabled for C++03
  due to false positives when using `noexcept`, which is not an operator
  in C++03.

Reviewed By: ldionne, #libc

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D139545