[lit] Implement DEFINE and REDEFINE directives

These directives define per-test lit substitutions.  The concept was
discussed at
<https://discourse.llvm.org/t/iterating-lit-run-lines/62596/10>.

For example, the following directives can be inserted into a test file
to define `%{cflags}` and `%{fcflags}` substitutions with empty
initial values, which serve as the parameters of another newly defined
`%{check}` substitution:

```
// DEFINE: %{cflags} =
// DEFINE: %{fcflags} =

// DEFINE: %{check} = %clang_cc1 %{cflags} -emit-llvm -o - %s | \
// DEFINE:            FileCheck %{fcflags} %s
```

The following directives then redefine the parameters before each use
of `%{check}`:

```
// REDEFINE: %{cflags} = -foo
// REDEFINE: %{fcflags} = -check-prefix=FOO
// RUN: %{check}

// REDEFINE: %{cflags} = -bar
// REDEFINE: %{fcflags} = -check-prefix=BAR
// RUN: %{check}
```

Of course, `%{check}` would typically be more elaborate, increasing
the benefit of the reuse.

One issue is that the strings `DEFINE:` and `REDEFI...