[libc] Add limits.h

This header contains implementation specific constants.

The compiler already provides its own limits.h with numerical limits
conforming to freestanding ISO C. But it is missing extensions like
POSIX, and does for example not include <linux/limits.h> which is
expected on a Linux system, therefore, an LLVM libc implementation of
limits.h is needed for hosted (__STDC_HOSTED__) environments.

Reviewed By: michaelrj

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D156961