[mlir][intrange] Fix `arith.shl` inference in case of overflow (#91737)

When an overflow happens during shift left, i.e. the last sign bit or
the most significant data bit gets shifted out, the current approach of
inferring the range of results does not work anymore.

This patch checks for possible overflow and returns the max range in
that case.

Fix https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/issues/82158