IR: Add 'distinct' MDNodes to bitcode and assembly

Propagate whether `MDNode`s are 'distinct' through the other types of IR
(assembly and bitcode).  This adds the `distinct` keyword to assembly.

Currently, no one actually calls `MDNode::getDistinct()`, so these nodes
only get created for:

  - self-references, which are never uniqued, and
  - nodes whose operands are replaced that hit a uniquing collision.

The concept of distinct nodes is still not quite first-class, since
distinct-ness doesn't yet survive across `MapMetadata()`.

Part of PR22111.

llvm-svn: 225474