A domU Xen environment has no non-virtual drivers, so make sure
they're all disabled at once.

Signed-off-by: Jeremy Fitzhardinge <jeremy@xensource.com>
Cc: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>

Most of the time we can simply use the iret instruction to exit the
kernel, rather than having to use the iret hypercall - the only
exception is if we're returning into vm86 mode, or from delivering an
NMI (which we don't support yet).

When running native, iret has the behaviour of testing for a pending
interrupt atomically with re-enabling interrupts.  Unfortunately
there's no way to do this with Xen, so there's a window in which we
could get a recursive exception after enabling events but before
actually returning to userspace.

This causes a problem: if the nested interrupt causes one of the
task's TIF_WORK_MASK flags to be set, they will not be checked again
before returning to userspace.  This means that pending work may be
left pending indefinitely, until the process enters and leaves the
kernel again.  The net effect is that a pending signal or reschedule
event could be delayed for an unbounded amount of time.

To deal with this, the xen event upcall handler checks to see if the
EIP is within the critical section of the iret code, after events
are (potentially) enabled up to the iret itself.  If its within this
range, it calls the iret critical section fixup, which adjusts the
stack to deal with any unrestored registers, and then shifts the
stack frame up to replace the previous invocation.

Signed-off-by: Jeremy Fitzhardinge <jeremy@xensource.com>

arch/i386/xen/xen-asm.S defines some small pieces of code which are
used to implement a few paravirt_ops.  They're designed so they can be
used either in-place, or be inline patched into their callsites if
there's enough space.

Some of those operations need to make calls out (specifically, if you
re-enable events [interrupts], and there's a pending event at that
time).  These calls need the call instruction to be relocated if the
code is patched inline.  In this case xen_foo_reloc is a
section-relative symbol which points to xen_foo's required relocation.

Other operations have no need of a relocation, and so their
corresponding xen_bar_reloc is absolute 0.  These are the cases which
are triggering the warning.

This patch adds those symbols to the list of safe abs symbols.

Signed-off-by: Jeremy Fitzhardinge <jeremy@xensource.com>
Cc: Adrian Bunk <bunk@stusta.de>

This patchs adds the mechanism to allow us to patch inline versions of
common operations.

The implementations of the direct-access versions save_fl, restore_fl,
irq_enable and irq_disable are now in assembler, and the same code is
used for both out of line and inline uses.

Signed-off-by: Jeremy Fitzhardinge <jeremy@xensource.com>
Cc: Chris Wright <chrisw@sous-sol.org>
Cc: Keir Fraser <keir@xensource.com>

An experimental patch for Xen allows guests to place their vcpu_info
structs anywhere.  We try to use this to place the vcpu_info into the
PDA, which allows direct access.

If this works, then switch to using direct access operations for
irq_enable, disable, save_fl and restore_fl.

Signed-off-by: Jeremy Fitzhardinge <jeremy@xensource.com>
Cc: Chris Wright <chrisw@sous-sol.org>
Cc: Keir Fraser <keir@xensource.com>

The guest domain can be asked to shutdown or reboot itself, or have a
sysrq key injected, via xenbus.  This patch adds a watcher for those
events, and does the appropriate action.

Signed-off-by: Jeremy Fitzhardinge <jeremy@xensource.com>
Cc: Chris Wright <chrisw@sous-sol.org>

Make the appropriate hypercalls to halt and reboot the virtual machine.

Signed-off-by: Jeremy Fitzhardinge <jeremy@xensource.com>
Acked-by: Chris Wright <chrisw@sous-sol.org>

The network device frontend driver allows the kernel to access network
devices exported exported by a virtual machine containing a physical
network device driver.

Signed-off-by: Jeremy Fitzhardinge <jeremy@xensource.com>
Signed-off-by: Chris Wright <chrisw@sous-sol.org>
Acked-by: Jeff Garzik <jeff@garzik.org>
Cc: Ian Pratt <ian.pratt@xensource.com>
Cc: Christian Limpach <Christian.Limpach@cl.cam.ac.uk>
Cc: Stephen Hemminger <shemminger@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Christoph Hellwig <hch@infradead.org>
Cc: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>
Cc: Herbert Xu <herbert@gondor.apana.org.au>
Cc: Keir Fraser <Keir.Fraser@cl.cam.ac.uk>
Cc: netdev@vger.kernel.org

The block device frontend driver allows the kernel to access block
devices exported exported by a virtual machine containing a physical
block device driver.

Signed-off-by: Ian Pratt <ian.pratt@xensource.com>
Signed-off-by: Christian Limpach <Christian.Limpach@cl.cam.ac.uk>
Signed-off-by: Chris Wright <chrisw@sous-sol.org>
Cc: Arjan van de Ven <arjan@infradead.org>
Cc: Greg KH <greg@kroah.com>
Cc: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>

This communicates with the machine control software via a registry
residing in a controlling virtual machine. This allows dynamic
creation, destruction and modification of virtual device
configurations (network devices, block devices and CPUS, to name some
examples).

[ Greg, would you mind giving this a review?  Thanks -J ]

Signed-off-by: Ian Pratt <ian.pratt@xensource.com>
Signed-off-by: Christian Limpach <Christian.Limpach@cl.cam.ac.uk>
Signed-off-by: Jeremy Fitzhardinge <jeremy@xensource.com>
Signed-off-by: Chris Wright <chrisw@sous-sol.org>
Cc: Greg KH <greg@kroah.com>

Add Xen 'grant table' driver which allows granting of access to
selected local memory pages by other virtual machines and,
symmetrically, the mapping of remote memory pages which other virtual
machines have granted access to.

This driver is a prerequisite for many of the Xen virtual device
drivers, which grant the 'device driver domain' restricted and
temporary access to only those memory pages that are currently
involved in I/O operations.

Signed-off-by: Jeremy Fitzhardinge <jeremy@xensource.com>
Signed-off-by: Ian Pratt <ian.pratt@xensource.com>
Signed-off-by: Christian Limpach <Christian.Limpach@cl.cam.ac.uk>
Signed-off-by: Chris Wright <chrisw@sous-sol.org>

Implement a Xen back-end for hvc console.

* * *
Add early printk support via hvc console, enable using
"earlyprintk=xen" on the kernel command line.

From: Gerd Hoffmann <kraxel@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Jeremy Fitzhardinge <jeremy@xensource.com>
Signed-off-by: Chris Wright <chrisw@sous-sol.org>
Acked-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Acked-by: Olof Johansson <olof@lixom.net>

The hypervisor saves and restores the segment registers as part of the
state is saves while context switching.  If, during a context switch,
the next process doesn't use the TLS segments, it invalidates the GDT
entry, causing the segment register reload to fault.  This fault
effectively doubles the cost of a context switch.

This patch is a band-aid workaround which clears the usermode %gs
after it has been saved for the previous process, but before it gets
reloaded for the next, and it avoids having the hypervisor attempt to
erroneously reload it.

Signed-off-by: Jeremy Fitzhardinge <jeremy@xensource.com>
Signed-off-by: Chris Wright <chrisw@sous-sol.org>

This patch uses the lazy-mmu hooks to batch mmu operations where
possible.  This is primarily useful for batching operations applied to
active pagetables, which happens during mprotect, munmap, mremap and
the like (mmap does not do bulk pagetable operations, so it isn't
helped).

Signed-off-by: Jeremy Fitzhardinge <jeremy@xensource.com>
Acked-by: Chris Wright <chrisw@sous-sol.org>

Add Xen support for preemption.  This is mostly a cleanup of existing
preempt_enable/disable calls, or just comments to explain the current
usage.

Signed-off-by: Jeremy Fitzhardinge <jeremy@xensource.com>
Signed-off-by: Chris Wright <chrisw@sous-sol.org>

This is a fairly straightforward Xen implementation of smp_ops.

Xen has its own IPI mechanisms, and has no dependency on any
APIC-based IPI.  The smp_ops hooks and the flush_tlb_others pv_op
allow a Xen guest to avoid all APIC code in arch/i386 (the only apic
operation is a single apic_read for the apic version number).

One subtle point which needs to be addressed is unpinning pagetables
when another cpu may have a lazy tlb reference to the pagetable. Xen
will not allow an in-use pagetable to be unpinned, so we must find any
other cpus with a reference to the pagetable and get them to shoot
down their references.

Signed-off-by: Jeremy Fitzhardinge <jeremy@xensource.com>
Signed-off-by: Chris Wright <chrisw@sous-sol.org>
Cc: Benjamin LaHaise <bcrl@kvack.org>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com>
Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@suse.de>

Implement xen_sched_clock, which returns the number of ns the current
vcpu has been actually in an unstolen state (ie, running or blocked,
vs runnable-but-not-running, or offline) since boot.

Signed-off-by: Jeremy Fitzhardinge <jeremy@xensource.com>
Acked-by: Chris Wright <chrisw@sous-sol.org>
Cc: john stultz <johnstul@us.ibm.com>

This patch accounts for the time stolen from our VCPUs.  Stolen time is
time where a vcpu is runnable and could be running, but all available
physical CPUs are being used for something else.

This accounting gets run on each timer interrupt, just as a way to get
it run relatively often, and when interesting things are going on.
Stolen time is not really used by much in the kernel; it is reported
in /proc/stats, and that's about it.

Signed-off-by: Jeremy Fitzhardinge <jeremy@xensource.com>
Acked-by: Chris Wright <chrisw@sous-sol.org>
Cc: john stultz <johnstul@us.ibm.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>

When setting up the initial pagetable, which includes mappings of all
low physical memory, ignore a mapping which tries to set the RW bit on
an RO pte.  An RO pte indicates a page which is part of the current
pagetable, and so it cannot be allowed to become RW.

Once xen_pagetable_setup_done is called, set_pte reverts to its normal
behaviour.

Signed-off-by: Jeremy Fitzhardinge <jeremy@xensource.com>
Acked-by: Chris Wright <chrisw@sous-sol.org>
Cc: ebiederm@xmission.com (Eric W. Biederman)

Xen requires all active pagetables to be marked read-only.  When the
base of the pagetable is loaded into %cr3, the hypervisor validates
the entire pagetable and only allows the load to proceed if it all
checks out.

This is pretty slow, so to mitigate this cost Xen has a notion of
pinned pagetables.  Pinned pagetables are pagetables which are
considered to be active even if no processor's cr3 is pointing to is.
This means that it must remain read-only and all updates are validated
by the hypervisor.  This makes context switches much cheaper, because
the hypervisor doesn't need to revalidate the pagetable each time.

This also adds a new paravirt hook which is called during setup once
the zones and memory allocator have been initialized.  When the
init_mm pagetable is first built, the struct page array does not yet
exist, and so there's nowhere to put he init_mm pagetable's PG_pinned
flags.  Once the zones are initialized and the struct page array
exists, we can set the PG_pinned flags for those pages.

This patch also adds the Xen support for pte pages allocated out of
highmem (highpte) by implementing xen_kmap_atomic_pte.

Signed-off-by: Jeremy Fitzhardinge <jeremy@xensource.com>
Signed-off-by: Chris Wright <chrisw@sous-sol.org>
Cc: Zach Amsden <zach@vmware.com>

Add a new definition for PG_owner_priv_1 to define PG_pinned on Xen
pagetable pages.

Signed-off-by: Jeremy Fitzhardinge <jeremy@xensource.com>
Signed-off-by: Chris Wright <chrisw@sous-sol.org>

Put config options for Xen after the core pieces are in place.

Signed-off-by: Jeremy Fitzhardinge <jeremy@xensource.com>
Signed-off-by: Chris Wright <chrisw@sous-sol.org>

Xen maintains a base clock which measures nanoseconds since system
boot.  This is provided to guests via a shared page which contains a
base time in ns, a tsc timestamp at that point and tsc frequency
parameters.  Guests can compute the current time by reading the tsc
and using it to extrapolate the current time from the basetime.  The
hypervisor makes sure that the frequency parameters are updated
regularly, paricularly if the tsc changes rate or stops.

This is implemented as a clocksource, so the interface to the rest of
the kernel is a simple clocksource which simply returns the current
time directly in nanoseconds.

Xen also provides a simple timer mechanism, which allows a timeout to
be set in the future.  When that time arrives, a timer event is sent
to the guest.  There are two timer interfaces:
 - An old one which also delivers a stream of (unused) ticks at 100Hz,
   and on the same event, the actual timer events.  The 100Hz ticks
   cause a lot of spurious wakeups, but are basically harmless.
 - The new timer interface doesn't have the 100Hz ticks, and can also
   fail if the specified time is in the past.

This code presents the Xen timer as a clockevent driver, and uses the
new interface by preference.

Signed-off-by: Jeremy Fitzhardinge <jeremy@xensource.com>
Signed-off-by: Chris Wright <chrisw@sous-sol.org>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>

Xen implements interrupts in terms of event channels.  Each guest
domain gets 1024 event channels which can be used for a variety of
purposes, such as Xen timer events, inter-domain events,
inter-processor events (IPI) or for real hardware IRQs.

Within the kernel, we map the event channels to IRQs, and implement
the whole interrupt handling using a Xen irq_chip.

Rather than setting NR_IRQ to 1024 under PARAVIRT in order to
accomodate Xen, we create a dynamic mapping between event channels and
IRQs.  Ideally, Linux will eventually move towards dynamically
allocating per-irq structures, and we can use a 1:1 mapping between
event channels and irqs.

Signed-off-by: Jeremy Fitzhardinge <jeremy@xensource.com>
Signed-off-by: Chris Wright <chrisw@sous-sol.org>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Cc: Eric W. Biederman <ebiederm@xmission.com>

Xen pagetable handling, including the machinery to implement direct
pagetables.

Xen presents the real CPU's pagetables directly to guests, with no
added shadowing or other layer of abstraction.  Naturally this means
the hypervisor must maintain close control over what the guest can put
into the pagetable.

When the guest modifies the pte/pmd/pgd, it must convert its
domain-specific notion of a "physical" pfn into a global machine frame
number (mfn) before inserting the entry into the pagetable.  Xen will
check to make sure the domain is allowed to create a mapping of the
given mfn.

Xen also requires that all mappings the guest has of its own active
pagetable are read-only.  This is relatively easy to implement in
Linux because all pagetables share the same pte pages for kernel
mappings, so updating the pte in one pagetable will implicitly update
the mapping in all pagetables.

Normally a pagetable becomes active when you point to it with cr3 (or
the Xen equivalent), but when you do so, Xen must check the whole
pagetable for correctness, which is clearly a performance problem.

Xen solves this with pinning which keeps a pagetable effectively
active even if its currently unused, which means that all the normal
update rules are enforced.  This means that it need not revalidate the
pagetable when loading cr3.

This patch has a first-cut implementation of pinning, but it is more
fully implemented in a later patch.

Signed-off-by: Jeremy Fitzhardinge <jeremy@xensource.com>
Signed-off-by: Chris Wright <chrisw@sous-sol.org>

This patch is a rollup of all the core pieces of the Xen
implementation, including:
 - booting and setup
 - pagetable setup
 - privileged instructions
 - segmentation
 - interrupt flags
 - upcalls
 - multicall batching

BOOTING AND SETUP

The vmlinux image is decorated with ELF notes which tell the Xen
domain builder what the kernel's requirements are; the domain builder
then constructs the address space accordingly and starts the kernel.

Xen has its own entrypoint for the kernel (contained in an ELF note).
The ELF notes are set up by xen-head.S, which is included into head.S.
In principle it could be linked separately, but it seems to provoke
lots of binutils bugs.

Because the domain builder starts the kernel in a fairly sane state
(32-bit protected mode, paging enabled, flat segments set up), there's
not a lot of setup needed before starting the kernel proper.  The main
steps are:
  1. Install the Xen paravirt_ops, which is simply a matter of a
     structure assignment.
 ...

Add Xen interface header files. These are taken fairly directly from
the Xen tree, but somewhat rearranged to suit the kernel's conventions.

Define macros and inline functions for doing hypercalls into the
hypervisor.

Signed-off-by: Jeremy Fitzhardinge <jeremy@xensource.com>
Signed-off-by: Ian Pratt <ian.pratt@xensource.com>
Signed-off-by: Christian Limpach <Christian.Limpach@cl.cam.ac.uk>
Signed-off-by: Chris Wright <chrisw@sous-sol.org>

Add the "nosegneg" fake capabilty to the vsyscall page notes. This is
used by the runtime linker to select a glibc version which then
disables negative-offset accesses to the thread-local segment via
%gs. These accesses require emulation in Xen (because segments are
truncated to protect the hypervisor address space) and avoiding them
provides a measurable performance boost.

Signed-off-by: Ian Pratt <ian.pratt@xensource.com>
Signed-off-by: Christian Limpach <Christian.Limpach@cl.cam.ac.uk>
Signed-off-by: Chris Wright <chrisw@sous-sol.org>
Signed-off-by: Jeremy Fitzhardinge <jeremy@xensource.com>
Acked-by: Zachary Amsden <zach@vmware.com>
Cc: Roland McGrath <roland@redhat.com>
Cc: Ulrich Drepper <drepper@redhat.com>

The tsc-based get_scheduled_cycles interface is not a good match for
Xen's runstate accounting, which reports everything in nanoseconds.

This patch replaces this interface with a sched_clock interface, which
matches both Xen and VMI's requirements.

In order to do this, we:
   1. replace get_scheduled_cycles with sched_clock
   2. hoist cycles_2_ns into a common header
   3. update vmi accordingly

One thing to note: because sched_clock is implemented as a weak
function in kernel/sched.c, we must define a real function in order to
override this weak binding.  This means the usual paravirt_ops
technique of using an inline function won't work in this case.

Signed-off-by: Jeremy Fitzhardinge <jeremy@xensource.com>
Cc: Zachary Amsden <zach@vmware.com>
Cc: Dan Hecht <dhecht@vmware.com>
Cc: john stultz <johnstul@us.ibm.com>

In a virtual environment, device drivers such as legacy IDE will waste
quite a lot of time probing for their devices which will never appear.
This helper function allows a paravirt implementation to lay claim to
the whole iomem and ioport space, thereby disabling all device drivers
trying to claim IO resources.

Signed-off-by: Jeremy Fitzhardinge <jeremy@xensource.com>
Signed-off-by: Chris Wright <chrisw@sous-sol.org>
Cc: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>

Allocate/release a chunk of vmalloc address space:
 alloc_vm_area reserves a chunk of address space, and makes sure all
 the pagetables are constructed for that address range - but no pages.

 free_vm_area releases the address space range.

Signed-off-by: Jeremy Fitzhardinge <jeremy@xensource.com>
Signed-off-by: Ian Pratt <ian.pratt@xensource.com>
Signed-off-by: Christian Limpach <Christian.Limpach@cl.cam.ac.uk>
Signed-off-by: Chris Wright <chrisw@sous-sol.org>
Cc: "Jan Beulich" <JBeulich@novell.com>
Cc: "Andi Kleen" <ak@muc.de>

__supported_pte_mask is needed when constructing pte values.  Xen
device drivers need to do this to make mappings of foreign pages (ie,
pages granted to us by other domains).

Signed-off-by: Jeremy Fitzhardinge <jeremy@xensource.com>

Paravirt implementations need to set the sibling map on new cpus.

Signed-off-by: Jeremy Fitzhardinge <jeremy@xensource.com>

Paravirt implementations need to store cpu info when bringing up cpus.

Signed-off-by: Jeremy Fitzhardinge <jeremy@xensource.com>

Make globally leave_mm visible, specifically so that Xen can use it to
shoot-down lazy uses of cr3.

Signed-off-by: Jeremy Fitzhardinge <jeremy@xensource.com>
Signed-off-by: Chris Wright <chrisw@sous-sol.org>

When running with CONFIG_PARAVIRT, we may want lots of IRQs even if
there's no IO APIC.

Signed-off-by: Jeremy Fitzhardinge <jeremy@xensource.com>
Cc: "Eric W. Biederman" <ebiederm@xmission.com>

Add a hook so that the paravirt backend knows when the allocator is
ready.  This is useful for the obvious reason that the allocator is
available, but the other side-effect of having the bootmem allocator
available is that each page now has an associated "struct page".

Signed-off-by: Jeremy Fitzhardinge <jeremy@xensource.com>

It's useful to know which mm is allocating a pagetable.  Xen uses this
to determine whether the pagetable being added to is pinned or not.

Signed-off-by: Jeremy Fitzhardinge <jeremy@xensource.com>

Use existing elfnote.h to generate vsyscall notes, rather than doing
it locally.  Changes elfnote.h a bit to suit, since this is the first
asm user, and it wasn't quite right.

Signed-off-by: Jeremy Fitzhardinge <jeremy@xensource.com>
Cc: "Eric W. Biederman" <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Cc: Roland McGrath <roland@redhat.com>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.com>

Rather than using a tri-state integer for the wait flag in
call_usermodehelper_exec, define a proper enum, and use that.  I've
preserved the integer values so that any callers I've missed should
still work OK.

Signed-off-by: Jeremy Fitzhardinge <jeremy@xensource.com>
Cc: James Bottomley <James.Bottomley@HansenPartnership.com>
Cc: Randy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@oracle.com>
Cc: Christoph Hellwig <hch@infradead.org>
Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@suse.de>
Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
Cc: Johannes Berg <johannes@sipsolutions.net>
Cc: Ralf Baechle <ralf@linux-mips.org>
Cc: Bjorn Helgaas <bjorn.helgaas@hp.com>
Cc: Joel Becker <joel.becker@oracle.com>
Cc: Tony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com>
Cc: Kay Sievers <kay.sievers@vrfy.org>
Cc: Srivatsa Vaddagiri <vatsa@in.ibm.com>
Cc: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@tv-sign.ru>
Cc: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>