- Jul 29, 2016
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Xishi Qiu authored
If we offline a node, alloc the new page from a nearest neighbor node instead of the current node or other remote nodes, because re-migrate is a waste of time and the distance of the remote nodes is often very large. Also use GFP_HIGHUSER_MOVABLE to alloc new page if the zone is movable zone or highmem zone. Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/5795E18B.5060302@huawei.com Signed-off-by:
Xishi Qiu <qiuxishi@huawei.com> Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com> Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz> Cc: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com> Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Signed-off-by:
Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by:
Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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Mikulas Patocka authored
copy_page_to_iter_iovec() and copy_page_from_iter_iovec() copy some data to userspace or from userspace. These functions have a fast path where they map a page using kmap_atomic and a slow path where they use kmap. kmap is slower than kmap_atomic, so the fast path is preferred. However, on kernels without highmem support, kmap just calls page_address, so there is no need to avoid kmap. On kernels without highmem support, the fast path just increases code size (and cache footprint) and it doesn't improve copy performance in any way. This patch enables the fast path only if CONFIG_HIGHMEM is defined. Code size reduced by this patch: x86 (without highmem) 928 x86-64 960 sparc64 848 alpha 1136 pa-risc 1200 [akpm@linux-foundation.org: use IS_ENABLED(), per Andi] Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/alpine.LRH.2.02.1607221711410.4818@file01.intranet.prod.int.rdu2.redhat.com Signed-off-by:
Mikulas Patocka <mpatocka@redhat.com> Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org> Cc: Alexander Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk> Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de> Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org> Cc: Andi Kleen <andi@firstfloor.org> Signed-off-by:
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Mikulas Patocka authored
generic_swapfile_activate() can take quite long time, it iterates over all blocks of a file, so add cond_resched to it. I observed about 1 second stalls when activating a swapfile that was almost unfragmented - this patch fixes it. Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/alpine.LRH.2.02.1607221710580.4818@file01.intranet.prod.int.rdu2.redhat.com Signed-off-by:
Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com> Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com> Cc: Alexander Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk> Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de> Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org> Signed-off-by:
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Michal Hocko authored
This reverts commit f9054c70 ("mm, mempool: only set __GFP_NOMEMALLOC if there are free elements"). There has been a report about OOM killer invoked when swapping out to a dm-crypt device. The primary reason seems to be that the swapout out IO managed to completely deplete memory reserves. Ondrej was able to bisect and explained the issue by pointing to f9054c70 ("mm, mempool: only set __GFP_NOMEMALLOC if there are free elements"). The reason is that the swapout path is not throttled properly because the md-raid layer needs to allocate from the generic_make_request path which means it allocates from the PF_MEMALLOC context. dm layer uses mempool_alloc in order to guarantee a forward progress which used to inhibit access to memory reserves when using page allocator. This has changed by f9054c70 ("mm, mempool: only set __GFP_NOMEMALLOC if there are free elements") which has dropped the __GFP_NOMEMALLOC protection when the memory pool is depleted. If we are running out of memory and the only way forward to free memory is to perform swapout we just keep consuming memory reserves rather than throttling the mempool allocations and allowing the pending IO to complete up to a moment when the memory is depleted completely and there is no way forward but invoking the OOM killer. This is less than optimal. The original intention of f9054c70 was to help with the OOM situations where the oom victim depends on mempool allocation to make a forward progress. David has mentioned the following backtrace: schedule schedule_timeout io_schedule_timeout mempool_alloc __split_and_process_bio dm_request generic_make_request submit_bio mpage_readpages ext4_readpages __do_page_cache_readahead ra_submit filemap_fault handle_mm_fault __do_page_fault do_page_fault page_fault We do not know more about why the mempool is depleted without being replenished in time, though. In any case the dm layer shouldn't depend on any allocations outside of the dedicated pools so a forward progress should be guaranteed. If this is not the case then the dm should be fixed rather than papering over the problem and postponing it to later by accessing more memory reserves. mempools are a mechanism to maintain dedicated memory reserves to guaratee forward progress. Allowing them an unbounded access to the page allocator memory reserves is going against the whole purpose of this mechanism. Bisected by Ondrej Kozina. [akpm@linux-foundation.org: coding-style fixes] Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20160721145309.GR26379@dhcp22.suse.cz Signed-off-by:
Ondrej Kozina <okozina@redhat.com> Reviewed-by:
Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org> Acked-by:
NeilBrown <neilb@suse.com> Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Cc: Mikulas Patocka <mpatocka@redhat.com> Cc: Ondrej Kozina <okozina@redhat.com> Cc: Tetsuo Handa <penguin-kernel@i-love.sakura.ne.jp> Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de> Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org> Signed-off-by:
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Hugh Dickins authored
At present MIGRATE_SYNC_LIGHT is allowing __isolate_lru_page() to isolate a PageWriteback page, which __unmap_and_move() then rejects with -EBUSY: of course the writeback might complete in between, but that's not what we usually expect, so probably better not to isolate it. When tested by stress-highalloc from mmtests, this has reduced the number of page migrate failures by 60-70%. Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20160721073614.24395-2-vbabka@suse.cz Signed-off-by:
Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com> Signed-off-by:
Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz> Acked-by:
Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net> Acked-by:
David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Signed-off-by:
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Naoya Horiguchi authored
dequeue_hwpoisoned_huge_page() can be called without page lock hold, so let's remove incorrect comment. The reason why the page lock is not really needed is that dequeue_hwpoisoned_huge_page() checks page_huge_active() inside hugetlb_lock, which allows us to avoid trying to dequeue a hugepage that are just allocated but not linked to active list yet, even without taking page lock. Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20160720092901.GA15995@www9186uo.sakura.ne.jp Signed-off-by:
Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com> Reported-by:
Zhan Chen <zhanc1@andrew.cmu.edu> Acked-by:
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Zhou Chengming authored
When CONFIG_SPARSEMEM_EXTREME is disabled, __section_nr can get the section number with a subtraction directly. Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1468988310-11560-1-git-send-email-zhouchengming1@huawei.com Signed-off-by:
Zhou Chengming <zhouchengming1@huawei.com> Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@intel.com> Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org> Cc: Hanjun Guo <guohanjun@huawei.com> Cc: Li Bin <huawei.libin@huawei.com> Signed-off-by:
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Vegard Nossum authored
If the user tries to disable automatic scanning early in the boot process using e.g.: echo scan=off > /sys/kernel/debug/kmemleak then this command will hang until SECS_FIRST_SCAN (= 60) seconds have elapsed, even though the system is fully initialised. We can fix this using interruptible sleep and checking if we're supposed to stop whenever we wake up (like the rest of the code does). Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1468835005-2873-1-git-send-email-vegard.nossum@oracle.com Signed-off-by:
Vegard Nossum <vegard.nossum@oracle.com> Acked-by:
Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com> Signed-off-by:
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Dennis Chen authored
When booting an ACPI enabled kernel with 'mem=x', there is the possibility that ACPI data regions from the firmware will lie above the memory limit. Ordinarily these will be removed by memblock_enforce_memory_limit(.). Unfortunately, this means that these regions will then be mapped by acpi_os_ioremap(.) as device memory (instead of normal) thus unaligned accessess will then provoke alignment faults. In this patch we adopt memblock_mem_limit_remove_map instead, and this preserves these ACPI data regions (marked NOMAP) thus ensuring that these regions are not mapped as device memory. For example, below is an alignment exception observed on ARM platform when booting the kernel with 'acpi=on mem=8G': ... Unable to handle kernel paging request at virtual address ffff0000080521e7 pgd = ffff000008aa0000 [ffff0000080521e7] *pgd=000000801fffe003, *pud=000000801fffd003, *pmd=000000801fffc003, *pte=00e80083ff1c1707 Internal error: Oops: 96000021 [#1] PREEMPT SMP Modules linked in: CPU: 1 PID: 1 Comm: swapper/0 Not tainted 4.7.0-rc3-next-20160616+ #172 Hardware name: AMD Overdrive/Supercharger/Default string, BIOS ROD1001A 02/09/2016 task: ffff800001ef0000 ti: ffff800001ef8000 task.ti: ffff800001ef8000 PC is at acpi_ns_lookup+0x520/0x734 LR is at acpi_ns_lookup+0x4a4/0x734 pc : [<ffff0000083b8b10>] lr : [<ffff0000083b8a94>] pstate: 60000045 sp : ffff800001efb8b0 x29: ffff800001efb8c0 x28: 000000000000001b x27: 0000000000000001 x26: 0000000000000000 x25: ffff800001efb9e8 x24: ffff000008a10000 x23: 0000000000000001 x22: 0000000000000001 x21: ffff000008724000 x20: 000000000000001b x19: ffff0000080521e7 x18: 000000000000000d x17: 00000000000038ff x16: 0000000000000002 x15: 0000000000000007 x14: 0000000000007fff x13: ffffff0000000000 x12: 0000000000000018 x11: 000000001fffd200 x10: 00000000ffffff76 x9 : 000000000000005f x8 : ffff000008725fa8 x7 : ffff000008a8df70 x6 : ffff000008a8df70 x5 : ffff000008a8d000 x4 : 0000000000000010 x3 : 0000000000000010 x2 : 000000000000000c x1 : 0000000000000006 x0 : 0000000000000000 ... acpi_ns_lookup+0x520/0x734 acpi_ds_load1_begin_op+0x174/0x4fc acpi_ps_build_named_op+0xf8/0x220 acpi_ps_create_op+0x208/0x33c acpi_ps_parse_loop+0x204/0x838 acpi_ps_parse_aml+0x1bc/0x42c acpi_ns_one_complete_parse+0x1e8/0x22c acpi_ns_parse_table+0x8c/0x128 acpi_ns_load_table+0xc0/0x1e8 acpi_tb_load_namespace+0xf8/0x2e8 acpi_load_tables+0x7c/0x110 acpi_init+0x90/0x2c0 do_one_initcall+0x38/0x12c kernel_init_freeable+0x148/0x1ec kernel_init+0x10/0xec ret_from_fork+0x10/0x40 Code: b9009fbc 2a00037b 36380057 3219037b (b9400260) ---[ end trace 03381e5eb0a24de4 ]--- Kernel panic - not syncing: Attempted to kill init! exitcode=0x0000000b With 'efi=debug', we can see those ACPI regions loaded by firmware on that board as: efi: 0x0083ff185000-0x0083ff1b4fff [Reserved | | | | | | | | |WB|WT|WC|UC]* efi: 0x0083ff1b5000-0x0083ff1c2fff [ACPI Reclaim Memory| | | | | | | | |WB|WT|WC|UC]* efi: 0x0083ff223000-0x0083ff224fff [ACPI Memory NVS | | | | | | | | |WB|WT|WC|UC]* Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1468475036-5852-3-git-send-email-dennis.chen@arm.com Acked-by:Steve Capper <steve.capper@arm.com> Signed-off-by:
Dennis Chen <dennis.chen@arm.com> Cc: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com> Cc: Ard Biesheuvel <ard.biesheuvel@linaro.org> Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org> Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net> Cc: Tang Chen <tangchen@cn.fujitsu.com> Cc: Tony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org> Cc: Rafael J. Wysocki <rafael@kernel.org> Cc: Will Deacon <will.deacon@arm.com> Cc: Mark Rutland <mark.rutland@arm.com> Cc: Matt Fleming <matt@codeblueprint.co.uk> Cc: Kaly Xin <kaly.xin@arm.com> Signed-off-by:
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Dennis Chen authored
In some cases, memblock is queried by kernel to determine whether a specified address is RAM or not. For example, the ACPI core needs this information to determine which attributes to use when mapping ACPI regions(acpi_os_ioremap). Use of incorrect memory types can result in faults, data corruption, or other issues. Removing memory with memblock_enforce_memory_limit() throws away this information, and so a kernel booted with 'mem=' may suffer from the issues described above. To avoid this, we need to keep those NOMAP regions instead of removing all above the limit, which preserves the information we need while preventing other use of those regions. This patch adds new infrastructure to retain all NOMAP memblock regions while removing others, to cater for this. Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1468475036-5852-2-git-send-email-dennis.chen@arm.com Signed-off-by:
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Andy Lutomirski authored
We currently show: task: <current> ti: <current_thread_info()> task.ti: <task_thread_info(current)>" "ti" and "task.ti" are redundant, and neither is actually what we want to show, which the the base of the thread stack. Change the display to show the stack pointer explicitly. Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/543ac5bd66ff94000a57a02e11af7239571a3055.1468523549.git.luto@kernel.org Signed-off-by:
Andy Lutomirski <luto@kernel.org> Signed-off-by:
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Andy Lutomirski authored
We'll need this cleanup to make the cpu field in thread_info be optional. Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/da298328dc77ea494576c2f20a934218e758a6fa.1468523549.git.luto@kernel.org Signed-off-by:
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Andy Lutomirski authored
We should account for stacks regardless of stack size, and we need to account in sub-page units if THREAD_SIZE < PAGE_SIZE. Change the units to kilobytes and Move it into account_kernel_stack(). Fixes: 12580e4b ("mm: memcontrol: report kernel stack usage in cgroup2 memory.stat") Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/9b5314e3ee5eda61b0317ec1563768602c1ef438.1468523549.git.luto@kernel.org Signed-off-by:
Josh Poimboeuf <jpoimboe@redhat.com> Reviewed-by:
Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov@virtuozzo.com> Acked-by:
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Andy Lutomirski authored
Currently, NR_KERNEL_STACK tracks the number of kernel stacks in a zone. This only makes sense if each kernel stack exists entirely in one zone, and allowing vmapped stacks could break this assumption. Since frv has THREAD_SIZE < PAGE_SIZE, we need to track kernel stack allocations in a unit that divides both THREAD_SIZE and PAGE_SIZE on all architectures. Keep it simple and use KiB. Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/083c71e642c5fa5f1b6898902e1b2db7b48940d4.1468523549.git.luto@kernel.org Signed-off-by:
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Dan Williams authored
Now that ZONE_DEVICE depends on SPARSEMEM_VMEMMAP we can simplify some ifdef guards to just ZONE_DEVICE. Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/146687646788.39261.8020536391978771940.stgit@dwillia2-desk3.amr.corp.intel.com Signed-off-by:
Dan Williams <dan.j.williams@intel.com> Reported-by:
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Dan Williams authored
When it was first introduced CONFIG_ZONE_DEVICE depended on disabling CONFIG_ZONE_DMA, a configuration choice reserved for "experts". However, now that the ZONE_DMA conflict has been eliminated it no longer makes sense to require CONFIG_EXPERT. Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/146687646274.39261.14267596518720371009.stgit@dwillia2-desk3.amr.corp.intel.com Signed-off-by:
Eric Sandeen <sandeen@redhat.com> Reported-by:
Jeff Moyer <jmoyer@redhat.com> Acked-by:
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Christoph Hellwig authored
asm-generic headers are generic implementations for architecture specific code and should not be included by common code. Thus use the asm/ version of sections.h to get at the linker sections. Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1468285103-7470-1-git-send-email-hch@lst.de Signed-off-by:
Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de> Signed-off-by:
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Huang Ying authored
The definition of return value of madvise_free_huge_pmd is not clear before. According to the suggestion of Minchan Kim, change the type of return value to bool and return true if we do MADV_FREE successfully on entire pmd page, otherwise, return false. Comments are added too. Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1467135452-16688-2-git-send-email-ying.huang@intel.com Signed-off-by:
"Huang, Ying" <ying.huang@intel.com> Acked-by:
Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org> Cc: "Kirill A. Shutemov" <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com> Cc: Jerome Marchand <jmarchan@redhat.com> Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz> Cc: Dan Williams <dan.j.williams@intel.com> Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net> Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com> Cc: Ebru Akagunduz <ebru.akagunduz@gmail.com> Signed-off-by:
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Ganesh Mahendran authored
Use ClearPagePrivate/ClearPagePrivate2 helpers to clear PG_private/PG_private_2 in page->flags Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1467882338-4300-7-git-send-email-opensource.ganesh@gmail.com Signed-off-by:
Ganesh Mahendran <opensource.ganesh@gmail.com> Acked-by:
Sergey Senozhatsky <sergey.senozhatsky@gmail.com> Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz> Signed-off-by:
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Ganesh Mahendran authored
Add __init,__exit attribute for function that only called in module init/exit to save memory. Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1467882338-4300-6-git-send-email-opensource.ganesh@gmail.com Signed-off-by:
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Ganesh Mahendran authored
Some minor commebnt changes: 1). update zs_malloc(),zs_create_pool() function header 2). update "Usage of struct page fields" Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1467882338-4300-5-git-send-email-opensource.ganesh@gmail.com Signed-off-by:
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Ganesh Mahendran authored
Currently, if a class can not be merged, the max objects of zspage in that class may be calculated twice. This patch calculate max objects of zspage at the begin, and pass the value to can_merge() to decide whether the class can be merged. Also this patch remove function get_maxobj_per_zspage(), as there is no other place to call this function. Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1467882338-4300-4-git-send-email-opensource.ganesh@gmail.com Signed-off-by:
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Ganesh Mahendran authored
num of max objects in zspage is stored in each size_class now. So there is no need to re-calculate it. Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1467882338-4300-3-git-send-email-opensource.ganesh@gmail.com Signed-off-by:
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Ganesh Mahendran authored
the obj index value should be updated after return from find_alloced_obj() to avoid CPU burning caused by unnecessary object scanning. Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1467882338-4300-2-git-send-email-opensource.ganesh@gmail.com Signed-off-by:
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Ganesh Mahendran authored
This is a cleanup patch. Change "index" to "obj_index" to keep consistent with others in zsmalloc. Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1467882338-4300-1-git-send-email-opensource.ganesh@gmail.com Signed-off-by:
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Minchan Kim authored
With node-lru, if there are enough reclaimable pages in highmem but nothing in lowmem, VM can try to shrink inactive list although the requested zone is lowmem. The problem is that if the inactive list is full of highmem pages then a direct reclaimer searching for a lowmem page waste CPU scanning uselessly. It just burns out CPU. Even, many direct reclaimers are stalled by too_many_isolated if lots of parallel reclaimer are going on although there are no reclaimable memory in inactive list. I tried the experiment 4 times in 32bit 2G 8 CPU KVM machine to get elapsed time. hackbench 500 process 2 = Old = 1st: 289s 2nd: 310s 3rd: 112s 4th: 272s = Now = 1st: 31s 2nd: 132s 3rd: 162s 4th: 50s. [akpm@linux-foundation.org: fixes per Mel] Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1469433119-1543-1-git-send-email-minchan@kernel.org Signed-off-by:
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Mel Gorman authored
Page reclaim determines whether a pgdat is unreclaimable by examining how many pages have been scanned since a page was freed and comparing that to the LRU sizes. Skipped pages are not reclaim candidates but contribute to scanned. This can prematurely mark a pgdat as unreclaimable and trigger an OOM kill. This patch accounts for skipped pages as a partial scan so that an unreclaimable pgdat will still be marked as such but by scaling the cost of a skip, it'll avoid the pgdat being marked prematurely. Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1469110261-7365-6-git-send-email-mgorman@techsingularity.net Signed-off-by:
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Mel Gorman authored
Minchan Kim reported that with per-zone lru state it was possible to identify that a normal zone with 8^M anonymous pages could trigger OOM with non-atomic order-0 allocations as all pages in the zone were in the active list. gfp_mask=0x26004c0(GFP_KERNEL|__GFP_REPEAT|__GFP_NOTRACK), order=0 Call Trace: __alloc_pages_nodemask+0xe52/0xe60 ? new_slab+0x39c/0x3b0 new_slab+0x39c/0x3b0 ___slab_alloc.constprop.87+0x6da/0x840 ? __alloc_skb+0x3c/0x260 ? enqueue_task_fair+0x73/0xbf0 ? poll_select_copy_remaining+0x140/0x140 __slab_alloc.isra.81.constprop.86+0x40/0x6d ? __alloc_skb+0x3c/0x260 kmem_cache_alloc+0x22c/0x260 ? __alloc_skb+0x3c/0x260 __alloc_skb+0x3c/0x260 alloc_skb_with_frags+0x4e/0x1a0 sock_alloc_send_pskb+0x16a/0x1b0 ? wait_for_unix_gc+0x31/0x90 unix_stream_sendmsg+0x28d/0x340 sock_sendmsg+0x2d/0x40 sock_write_iter+0x6c/0xc0 __vfs_write+0xc0/0x120 vfs_write+0x9b/0x1a0 ? __might_fault+0x49/0xa0 SyS_write+0x44/0x90 do_fast_syscall_32+0xa6/0x1e0 Mem-Info: active_anon:101103 inactive_anon:102219 isolated_anon:0 active_file:503 inactive_file:544 isolated_file:0 unevictable:0 dirty:0 writeback:34 unstable:0 slab_reclaimable:6298 slab_unreclaimable:74669 mapped:863 shmem:0 pagetables:100998 bounce:0 free:23573 free_pcp:1861 free_cma:0 Node 0 active_anon:404412kB inactive_anon:409040kB active_file:2012kB inactive_file:2176kB unevictable:0kB isolated(anon):0kB isolated(file):0kB mapped:3452kB dirty:0kB writeback:136kB shmem:0kB writeback_tmp:0kB unstable:0kB pages_scanned:1320845 all_unreclaimable? yes DMA free:3296kB min:68kB low:84kB high:100kB active_anon:5540kB inactive_anon:0kB active_file:0kB inactive_file:0kB present:15992kB managed:15916kB mlocked:0kB slab_reclaimable:248kB slab_unreclaimable:2628kB kernel_stack:792kB pagetables:2316kB bounce:0kB free_pcp:0kB local_pcp:0kB free_cma:0kB lowmem_reserve[]: 0 809 1965 1965 Normal free:3600kB min:3604kB low:4504kB high:5404kB active_anon:86304kB inactive_anon:0kB active_file:160kB inactive_file:376kB present:897016kB managed:858524kB mlocked:0kB slab_reclaimable:24944kB slab_unreclaimable:296048kB kernel_stack:163832kB pagetables:35892kB bounce:0kB free_pcp:3076kB local_pcp:656kB free_cma:0kB lowmem_reserve[]: 0 0 9247 9247 HighMem free:86156kB min:512kB low:1796kB high:3080kB active_anon:312852kB inactive_anon:410024kB active_file:1924kB inactive_file:2012kB present:1183736kB managed:1183736kB mlocked:0kB slab_reclaimable:0kB slab_unreclaimable:0kB kernel_stack:0kB pagetables:365784kB bounce:0kB free_pcp:3868kB local_pcp:720kB free_cma:0kB lowmem_reserve[]: 0 0 0 0 DMA: 8*4kB (UM) 8*8kB (UM) 4*16kB (M) 2*32kB (UM) 2*64kB (UM) 1*128kB (M) 3*256kB (UME) 2*512kB (UE) 1*1024kB (E) 0*2048kB 0*4096kB = 3296kB Normal: 240*4kB (UME) 160*8kB (UME) 23*16kB (ME) 3*32kB (UE) 3*64kB (UME) 2*128kB (ME) 1*256kB (U) 0*512kB 0*1024kB 0*2048kB 0*4096kB = 3408kB HighMem: 10942*4kB (UM) 3102*8kB (UM) 866*16kB (UM) 76*32kB (UM) 11*64kB (UM) 4*128kB (UM) 1*256kB (M) 0*512kB 0*1024kB 0*2048kB 0*4096kB = 86344kB Node 0 hugepages_total=0 hugepages_free=0 hugepages_surp=0 hugepages_size=2048kB 54409 total pagecache pages 53215 pages in swap cache Swap cache stats: add 300982, delete 247765, find 157978/226539 Free swap = 3803244kB Total swap = 4192252kB 524186 pages RAM 295934 pages HighMem/MovableOnly 9642 pages reserved 0 pages cma reserved The problem is due to the active deactivation logic in inactive_list_is_low: Node 0 active_anon:404412kB inactive_anon:409040kB IOW, (inactive_anon of node * inactive_ratio > active_anon of node) due to highmem anonymous stat so VM never deactivates normal zone's anonymous pages. This patch is a modified version of Minchan's original solution but based upon it. The problem with Minchan's patch is that any low zone with an imbalanced list could force a rotation. In this patch, a zone-constrained global reclaim will rotate the list if the inactive/active ratio of all eligible zones needs to be corrected. It is possible that higher zone pages will be initially rotated prematurely but this is the safer choice to maintain overall LRU age. Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20160722090929.GJ10438@techsingularity.net Signed-off-by: -
Mel Gorman authored
If per-zone LRU accounting is available then there is no point approximating whether reclaim and compaction should retry based on pgdat statistics. This is effectively a revert of "mm, vmstat: remove zone and node double accounting by approximating retries" with the difference that inactive/active stats are still available. This preserves the history of why the approximation was retried and why it had to be reverted to handle OOM kills on 32-bit systems. Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1469110261-7365-4-git-send-email-mgorman@techsingularity.net Signed-off-by:
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Mel Gorman authored
With the reintroduction of per-zone LRU stats, highmem_file_pages is redundant so remove it. [mgorman@techsingularity.net: wrong stat is being accumulated in highmem_dirtyable_memory] Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20160725092324.GM10438@techsingularity.netLink: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1469110261-7365-3-git-send-email-mgorman@techsingularity.net Signed-off-by:
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Minchan Kim authored
When I did stress test with hackbench, I got OOM message frequently which didn't ever happen in zone-lru. gfp_mask=0x26004c0(GFP_KERNEL|__GFP_REPEAT|__GFP_NOTRACK), order=0 .. .. __alloc_pages_nodemask+0xe52/0xe60 ? new_slab+0x39c/0x3b0 new_slab+0x39c/0x3b0 ___slab_alloc.constprop.87+0x6da/0x840 ? __alloc_skb+0x3c/0x260 ? _raw_spin_unlock_irq+0x27/0x60 ? trace_hardirqs_on_caller+0xec/0x1b0 ? finish_task_switch+0xa6/0x220 ? poll_select_copy_remaining+0x140/0x140 __slab_alloc.isra.81.constprop.86+0x40/0x6d ? __alloc_skb+0x3c/0x260 kmem_cache_alloc+0x22c/0x260 ? __alloc_skb+0x3c/0x260 __alloc_skb+0x3c/0x260 alloc_skb_with_frags+0x4e/0x1a0 sock_alloc_send_pskb+0x16a/0x1b0 ? wait_for_unix_gc+0x31/0x90 ? alloc_set_pte+0x2ad/0x310 unix_stream_sendmsg+0x28d/0x340 sock_sendmsg+0x2d/0x40 sock_write_iter+0x6c/0xc0 __vfs_write+0xc0/0x120 vfs_write+0x9b/0x1a0 ? __might_fault+0x49/0xa0 SyS_write+0x44/0x90 do_fast_syscall_32+0xa6/0x1e0 sysenter_past_esp+0x45/0x74 Mem-Info: active_anon:104698 inactive_anon:105791 isolated_anon:192 active_file:433 inactive_file:283 isolated_file:22 unevictable:0 dirty:0 writeback:296 unstable:0 slab_reclaimable:6389 slab_unreclaimable:78927 mapped:474 shmem:0 pagetables:101426 bounce:0 free:10518 free_pcp:334 free_cma:0 Node 0 active_anon:418792kB inactive_anon:423164kB active_file:1732kB inactive_file:1132kB unevictable:0kB isolated(anon):768kB isolated(file):88kB mapped:1896kB dirty:0kB writeback:1184kB shmem:0kB writeback_tmp:0kB unstable:0kB pages_scanned:1478632 all_unreclaimable? yes DMA free:3304kB min:68kB low:84kB high:100kB present:15992kB managed:15916kB mlocked:0kB slab_reclaimable:0kB slab_unreclaimable:4088kB kernel_stack:0kB pagetables:2480kB bounce:0kB free_pcp:0kB local_pcp:0kB free_cma:0kB lowmem_reserve[]: 0 809 1965 1965 Normal free:3436kB min:3604kB low:4504kB high:5404kB present:897016kB managed:858460kB mlocked:0kB slab_reclaimable:25556kB slab_unreclaimable:311712kB kernel_stack:164608kB pagetables:30844kB bounce:0kB free_pcp:620kB local_pcp:104kB free_cma:0kB lowmem_reserve[]: 0 0 9247 9247 HighMem free:33808kB min:512kB low:1796kB high:3080kB present:1183736kB managed:1183736kB mlocked:0kB slab_reclaimable:0kB slab_unreclaimable:0kB kernel_stack:0kB pagetables:372252kB bounce:0kB free_pcp:428kB local_pcp:72kB free_cma:0kB lowmem_reserve[]: 0 0 0 0 DMA: 2*4kB (UM) 2*8kB (UM) 0*16kB 1*32kB (U) 1*64kB (U) 2*128kB (UM) 1*256kB (U) 1*512kB (M) 0*1024kB 1*2048kB (U) 0*4096kB = 3192kB Normal: 33*4kB (MH) 79*8kB (ME) 11*16kB (M) 4*32kB (M) 2*64kB (ME) 2*128kB (EH) 7*256kB (EH) 0*512kB 0*1024kB 0*2048kB 0*4096kB = 3244kB HighMem: 2590*4kB (UM) 1568*8kB (UM) 491*16kB (UM) 60*32kB (UM) 6*64kB (M) 0*128kB 0*256kB 0*512kB 0*1024kB 0*2048kB 0*4096kB = 33064kB Node 0 hugepages_total=0 hugepages_free=0 hugepages_surp=0 hugepages_size=2048kB 25121 total pagecache pages 24160 pages in swap cache Swap cache stats: add 86371, delete 62211, find 42865/60187 Free swap = 4015560kB Total swap = 4192252kB 524186 pages RAM 295934 pages HighMem/MovableOnly 9658 pages reserved 0 pages cma reserved The order-0 allocation for normal zone failed while there are a lot of reclaimable memory(i.e., anonymous memory with free swap). I wanted to analyze the problem but it was hard because we removed per-zone lru stat so I couldn't know how many of anonymous memory there are in normal/dma zone. When we investigate OOM problem, reclaimable memory count is crucial stat to find a problem. Without it, it's hard to parse the OOM message so I believe we should keep it. With per-zone lru stat, gfp_mask=0x26004c0(GFP_KERNEL|__GFP_REPEAT|__GFP_NOTRACK), order=0 Mem-Info: active_anon:101103 inactive_anon:102219 isolated_anon:0 active_file:503 inactive_file:544 isolated_file:0 unevictable:0 dirty:0 writeback:34 unstable:0 slab_reclaimable:6298 slab_unreclaimable:74669 mapped:863 shmem:0 pagetables:100998 bounce:0 free:23573 free_pcp:1861 free_cma:0 Node 0 active_anon:404412kB inactive_anon:409040kB active_file:2012kB inactive_file:2176kB unevictable:0kB isolated(anon):0kB isolated(file):0kB mapped:3452kB dirty:0kB writeback:136kB shmem:0kB writeback_tmp:0kB unstable:0kB pages_scanned:1320845 all_unreclaimable? yes DMA free:3296kB min:68kB low:84kB high:100kB active_anon:5540kB inactive_anon:0kB active_file:0kB inactive_file:0kB present:15992kB managed:15916kB mlocked:0kB slab_reclaimable:248kB slab_unreclaimable:2628kB kernel_stack:792kB pagetables:2316kB bounce:0kB free_pcp:0kB local_pcp:0kB free_cma:0kB lowmem_reserve[]: 0 809 1965 1965 Normal free:3600kB min:3604kB low:4504kB high:5404kB active_anon:86304kB inactive_anon:0kB active_file:160kB inactive_file:376kB present:897016kB managed:858524kB mlocked:0kB slab_reclaimable:24944kB slab_unreclaimable:296048kB kernel_stack:163832kB pagetables:35892kB bounce:0kB free_pcp:3076kB local_pcp:656kB free_cma:0kB lowmem_reserve[]: 0 0 9247 9247 HighMem free:86156kB min:512kB low:1796kB high:3080kB active_anon:312852kB inactive_anon:410024kB active_file:1924kB inactive_file:2012kB present:1183736kB managed:1183736kB mlocked:0kB slab_reclaimable:0kB slab_unreclaimable:0kB kernel_stack:0kB pagetables:365784kB bounce:0kB free_pcp:3868kB local_pcp:720kB free_cma:0kB lowmem_reserve[]: 0 0 0 0 DMA: 8*4kB (UM) 8*8kB (UM) 4*16kB (M) 2*32kB (UM) 2*64kB (UM) 1*128kB (M) 3*256kB (UME) 2*512kB (UE) 1*1024kB (E) 0*2048kB 0*4096kB = 3296kB Normal: 240*4kB (UME) 160*8kB (UME) 23*16kB (ME) 3*32kB (UE) 3*64kB (UME) 2*128kB (ME) 1*256kB (U) 0*512kB 0*1024kB 0*2048kB 0*4096kB = 3408kB HighMem: 10942*4kB (UM) 3102*8kB (UM) 866*16kB (UM) 76*32kB (UM) 11*64kB (UM) 4*128kB (UM) 1*256kB (M) 0*512kB 0*1024kB 0*2048kB 0*4096kB = 86344kB Node 0 hugepages_total=0 hugepages_free=0 hugepages_surp=0 hugepages_size=2048kB 54409 total pagecache pages 53215 pages in swap cache Swap cache stats: add 300982, delete 247765, find 157978/226539 Free swap = 3803244kB Total swap = 4192252kB 524186 pages RAM 295934 pages HighMem/MovableOnly 9642 pages reserved 0 pages cma reserved With that, we can see normal zone has a 86M reclaimable memory so we can know something goes wrong(I will fix the problem in next patch) in reclaim. [mgorman@techsingularity.net: rename zone LRU stats in /proc/vmstat] Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20160725072300.GK10438@techsingularity.net Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1469110261-7365-2-git-send-email-mgorman@techsingularity.net Signed-off-by:
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Mel Gorman authored
With node-lru, the locking is based on the pgdat. As Minchan pointed out, there is an opportunity to reduce LRU lock release/acquire in check_move_unevictable_pages by only changing lock on a pgdat change. [mgorman@techsingularity.net: remove double initialisation] Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20160719074835.GC10438@techsingularity.net Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1468853426-12858-3-git-send-email-mgorman@techsingularity.net Signed-off-by:
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Mel Gorman authored
As pointed out by Minchan Kim, shrink_zones() checks for populated zones in a zonelist but a zonelist can never contain unpopulated zones. While it's not related to the node-lru series, it can be cleaned up now. Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1468853426-12858-2-git-send-email-mgorman@techsingularity.net Signed-off-by:
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Mel Gorman authored
Minchan Kim reported setting the following warning on a 32-bit system although it can affect 64-bit systems. WARNING: CPU: 4 PID: 1322 at mm/memcontrol.c:998 mem_cgroup_update_lru_size+0x103/0x110 mem_cgroup_update_lru_size(f44b4000, 1, -7): zid 1 lru_size 1 but empty Modules linked in: CPU: 4 PID: 1322 Comm: cp Not tainted 4.7.0-rc4-mm1+ #143 Hardware name: QEMU Standard PC (i440FX + PIIX, 1996), BIOS Bochs 01/01/2011 Call Trace: dump_stack+0x76/0xaf __warn+0xea/0x110 ? mem_cgroup_update_lru_size+0x103/0x110 warn_slowpath_fmt+0x3b/0x40 mem_cgroup_update_lru_size+0x103/0x110 isolate_lru_pages.isra.61+0x2e2/0x360 shrink_active_list+0xac/0x2a0 ? __delay+0xe/0x10 shrink_node_memcg+0x53c/0x7a0 shrink_node+0xab/0x2a0 do_try_to_free_pages+0xc6/0x390 try_to_free_pages+0x245/0x590 LRU list contents and counts are updated separately. Counts are updated before pages are added to the LRU and updated after pages are removed. The warning above is from a check in mem_cgroup_update_lru_size that ensures that list sizes of zero are empty. The problem is that node-lru needs to account for highmem pages if CONFIG_HIGHMEM is set. One impact of the implementation is that the sizes are updated in multiple passes when pages from multiple zones were isolated. This happens whether HIGHMEM is set or not. When multiple zones are isolated, it's possible for a debugging check in memcg to be tripped. This patch forces all the zone counts to be updated before the memcg function is called. Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1468588165-12461-6-git-send-email-mgorman@techsingularity.net Signed-off-by: -
Minchan Kim authored
The node_pages_scanned represents the number of scanned pages of node for reclaim so it's pointless to show it as kilobytes. As well, node_pages_scanned is per-node value, not per-zone. This patch changes node_pages_scanned per-zone-killobytes with per-node-count. [minchan@kernel.org: fix node_pages_scanned] Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20160716101431.GA10305@bbox Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1468588165-12461-5-git-send-email-mgorman@techsingularity.net Signed-off-by:
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Mel Gorman authored
With node-lru, the locking is based on the pgdat. Previously it was required that a pagevec drain released one zone lru_lock and acquired another zone lru_lock on every zone change. Now, it's only necessary if the node changes. The end-result is fewer lock release/acquires if the pages are all on the same node but in different zones. Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1468588165-12461-4-git-send-email-mgorman@techsingularity.net Signed-off-by:
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Minchan Kim authored
When I tested vmscale in mmtest in 32bit, I found the benchmark was slow down 0.5 times. base node 1 global-1 User 12.98 16.04 System 147.61 166.42 Elapsed 26.48 38.08 With vmstat, I found IO wait avg is much increased compared to base. The reason was highmem_dirtyable_memory accumulates free pages and highmem_file_pages from HIGHMEM to MOVABLE zones which was wrong. With that, dirth_thresh in throtlle_vm_write is always 0 so that it calls congestion_wait frequently if writeback starts. With this patch, it is much recovered. base node fi 1 global-1 fix User 12.98 16.04 13.78 System 147.61 166.42 143.92 Elapsed 26.48 38.08 29.64 Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1468404004-5085-4-git-send-email-mgorman@techsingularity.net Signed-off-by: -
Mel Gorman authored
The number of LRU pages, dirty pages and writeback pages must be accounted for on both zones and nodes because of the reclaim retry logic, compaction retry logic and highmem calculations all depending on per-zone stats. Many lowmem allocations are immune from OOM kill due to a check in __alloc_pages_may_oom for (ac->high_zoneidx < ZONE_NORMAL) since commit 03668b3c ("oom: avoid oom killer for lowmem allocations"). The exception is costly high-order allocations or allocations that cannot fail. If the __alloc_pages_may_oom avoids OOM-kill for low-order lowmem allocations then it would fall through to __alloc_pages_direct_compact. This patch will blindly retry reclaim for zone-constrained allocations in should_reclaim_retry up to MAX_RECLAIM_RETRIES. This is not ideal but without per-zone stats there are not many alternatives. The impact it that zone-constrained allocations may delay before considering the OOM killer. As there is no guarantee enough memory can ever be freed to satisfy compaction, this patch avoids retrying compaction for zone-contrained allocations. In combination, that means that the per-node stats can be used when deciding whether to continue reclaim using a rough approximation. While it is possible this will make the wrong decision on occasion, it will not infinite loop as the number of reclaim attempts is capped by MAX_RECLAIM_RETRIES. The final step is calculating the number of dirtyable highmem pages. As those calculations only care about the global count of file pages in highmem. This patch uses a global counter used instead of per-zone stats as it is sufficient. In combination, this allows the per-zone LRU and dirty state counters to be removed. [mgorman@techsingularity.net: fix acct_highmem_file_pages()] Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1468853426-12858-4-git-send-email-mgorman@techsingularity.netLink: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1467970510-21195-35-git-send-email-mgorman@techsingularity.net Signed-off-by:
Hillf Danton <hillf.zj@alibaba-inc.com> Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org> Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org> Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org> Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@surriel.com> Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz> Signed-off-by:
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Mel Gorman authored
There are a number of stats that were previously accessible via zoneinfo that are now invisible. While it is possible to create a new file for the node stats, this may be missed by users. Instead this patch prints the stats under the first populated zone in /proc/zoneinfo. Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1467970510-21195-34-git-send-email-mgorman@techsingularity.net Signed-off-by:
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Mel Gorman authored
The vmstat allocstall was fairly useful in the general sense but node-based LRUs change that. It's important to know if a stall was for an address-limited allocation request as this will require skipping pages from other zones. This patch adds pgstall_* counters to replace allocstall. The sum of the counters will equal the old allocstall so it can be trivially recalculated. A high number of address-limited allocation requests may result in a lot of useless LRU scanning for suitable pages. As address-limited allocations require pages to be skipped, it's important to know how much useless LRU scanning took place so this patch adds pgskip* counters. This yields the following model 1. The number of address-space limited stalls can be accounted for (pgstall) 2. The amount of useless work required to reclaim the data is accounted (pgskip) 3. The total number of scans is available from pgscan_kswapd and pgscan_direct so from that the ratio of useful to useless scans can be calculated. [mgorman@techsingularity.net: s/pgstall/allocstall/] Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1468404004-5085-3-git-send-email-mgorman@techsingularity.netLink: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1467970510-21195-33-git-send-email-mgorman@techsingularity.net Signed-off-by:
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