Currently, with latest llvm trunk, selftest test_progs failed obj
file test_seg6_loop.o with the following error in verifier:

  infinite loop detected at insn 76

The byte code sequence looks like below, and noted that alu32 has been
turned off by default for better generated codes in general:

      48:       w3 = 100
      49:       *(u32 *)(r10 - 68) = r3
      ...
  ;             if (tlv.type == SR6_TLV_PADDING) {
      76:       if w3 == 5 goto -18 <LBB0_19>
      ...
      85:       r1 = *(u32 *)(r10 - 68)
  ;     for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
      86:       w1 += -1
      87:       if w1 == 0 goto +5 <LBB0_20>
      88:       *(u32 *)(r10 - 68) = r1

The main reason for verification failure is due to partial spills at
r10 - 68 for induction variable "i".

Current verifier only handles spills with 8-byte values. The above 4-byte
value spill to stack is treated to STACK_MISC and its content is not
saved. For the above example:

    w3 = 100
      R3_w=inv100 fp-64_w=inv1086626730498
    *(u32 *)(r10 - 68) = r3
      R3_w=inv100 fp-64_w=inv1086626730498
    ...
    r1 = *(u32 *)(r10 - 68)
      R1_w=inv(id=0,umax_value=4294967295,var_off=(0x0; 0xffffffff))
      fp-64=inv1086626730498

To resolve this issue, verifier needs to be extended to track sub-registers
in spilling, or llvm needs to enhanced to prevent sub-register spilling
in register allocation phase. The former will increase verifier complexity
and the latter will need some llvm "hacking".

Let us workaround this issue by declaring the induction variable as "long"
type so spilling will happen at non sub-register level. We can revisit this
later if sub-register spilling causes similar or other verification issues.

Signed-off-by: Yonghong Song <yhs@fb.com>
Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
Acked-by: Andrii Nakryiko <andriin@fb.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20191117214036.1309510-1-yhs@fb.com

When run_kselftests.sh is run, it hangs after test_tc_tunnel.sh. The reason
is test_tc_tunnel.sh ensures the server ('nc -l') is run all the time,
starting it again every time it is expected to terminate. The exception is
the final client_connect: the server is not started anymore, which ensures
no process is kept running after the test is finished.

For a sit test, though, the script is terminated prematurely without the
final client_connect and the 'nc' process keeps running. This in turn causes
the run_one function in kselftest/runner.sh to hang forever, waiting for the
runaway process to finish.

Ensure a remaining server is terminated on cleanup.

Fixes: f6ad6acc

 ("selftests/bpf: expand test_tc_tunnel with SIT encap")
Signed-off-by: Jiri Benc <jbenc@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
Acked-by: Willem de Bruijn <willemb@google.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/60919291657a9ee89c708d8aababc28ebe1420be.1573821780.git.jbenc@redhat.com

The actual test to run is test_xdping.sh, which is already in TEST_PROGS.
The xdping program alone is not runnable with 'make run_tests', it
immediatelly fails due to missing arguments.

Move xdping to TEST_GEN_PROGS_EXTENDED in order to be built but not run.

Fixes: cd538502

 ("selftests/bpf: measure RTT from xdp using xdping")
Signed-off-by: Jiri Benc <jbenc@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
Reviewed-by: Alan Maguire <alan.maguire@oracle.com>
Acked-by: Toke Høiland-Jørgensen <toke@redhat.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/4365c81198f62521344c2215909634407184387e.1573821726.git.jbenc@redhat.com

Andrii Nakryiko says:

====================
This patch set adds ability to memory-map BPF array maps (single- and
multi-element). The primary use case is memory-mapping BPF array maps, created
to back global data variables, created by libbpf implicitly. This allows for
much better usability, along with avoiding syscalls to read or update data
completely.

Due to memory-mapping requirements, BPF array map that is supposed to be
memory-mapped, has to be created with special BPF_F_MMAPABLE attribute, which
triggers slightly different memory allocation strategy internally. See
patch 1 for details.

Libbpf is extended to detect kernel support for this flag, and if supported,
will specify it for all global data maps automatically.

Patch #1 refactors bpf_map_inc() and converts bpf_map's refcnt to atomic64_t
to make refcounting never fail. Patch #2 does similar refactoring for
bpf_prog_add()/bpf_prog_inc().

v5->v6:
- add back uref counting (Daniel);

v4->v5:
- change bpf_prog's refcnt to atomic64_t (Daniel);

v3->v4:
- add mmap's open() callback to fix refcounting (Johannes);
- switch to remap_vmalloc_pages() instead of custom fault handler (Johannes);
- converted bpf_map's refcnt/usercnt into atomic64_t;
- provide default bpf_map_default_vmops handling open/close properly;

v2->v3:
- change allocation strategy to avoid extra pointer dereference (Jakub);

v1->v2:
- fix map lookup code generation for BPF_F_MMAPABLE case;
- prevent BPF_F_MMAPABLE flag for all but plain array map type;
- centralize ref-counting in generic bpf_map_mmap();
- don't use uref counting (Alexei);
- use vfree() directly;
- print flags with %x (Song);
- extend tests to verify bpf_map_{lookup,update}_elem() logic as well.
====================

Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>

Add selftests validating mmap()-ing BPF array maps: both single-element and
multi-element ones. Check that plain bpf_map_update_elem() and
bpf_map_lookup_elem() work correctly with memory-mapped array. Also convert
CO-RE relocation tests to use memory-mapped views of global data.

Signed-off-by: Andrii Nakryiko <andriin@fb.com>
Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
Acked-by: Song Liu <songliubraving@fb.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20191117172806.2195367-6-andriin@fb.com

Add detection of BPF_F_MMAPABLE flag support for arrays and add it as an extra
flag to internal global data maps, if supported by kernel. This allows users
to memory-map global data and use it without BPF map operations, greatly
simplifying user experience.

Signed-off-by: Andrii Nakryiko <andriin@fb.com>
Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
Acked-by: Song Liu <songliubraving@fb.com>
Acked-by: John Fastabend <john.fastabend@gmail.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20191117172806.2195367-5-andriin@fb.com

Add ability to memory-map contents of BPF array map. This is extremely useful
for working with BPF global data from userspace programs. It allows to avoid
typical bpf_map_{lookup,update}_elem operations, improving both performance
and usability.

There had to be special considerations for map freezing, to avoid having
writable memory view into a frozen map. To solve this issue, map freezing and
mmap-ing is happening under mutex now:
  - if map is already frozen, no writable mapping is allowed;
  - if map has writable memory mappings active (accounted in map->writecnt),
    map freezing will keep failing with -EBUSY;
  - once number of writable memory mappings drops to zero, map freezing can be
    performed again.

Only non-per-CPU plain arrays are supported right now. Maps with spinlocks
can't be memory mapped either.

For BPF_F_MMAPABLE array, memory allocation has to be done through vmalloc()
to be mmap()'able. We also need to make sure that array data memory is
page-sized and page-aligned, so we over-allocate memory in such a way that
struct bpf_array is at the end of a single page of memory with array->value
being aligned with the start of the second page. On deallocation we need to
accomodate this memory arrangement to free vmalloc()'ed memory correctly.

One important consideration regarding how memory-mapping subsystem functions.
Memory-mapping subsystem provides few optional callbacks, among them open()
and close().  close() is called for each memory region that is unmapped, so
that users can decrease their reference counters and free up resources, if
necessary. open() is *almost* symmetrical: it's called for each memory region
that is being mapped, **except** the very first one. So bpf_map_mmap does
initial refcnt bump, while open() will do any extra ones after that. Thus
number of close() calls is equal to number of open() calls plus one more.

Signed-off-by: Andrii Nakryiko <andriin@fb.com>
Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
Acked-by: Song Liu <songliubraving@fb.com>
Acked-by: John Fastabend <john.fastabend@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20191117172806.2195367-4-andriin@fb.com

Similarly to bpf_map's refcnt/usercnt, convert bpf_prog's refcnt to atomic64
and remove artificial 32k limit. This allows to make bpf_prog's refcounting
non-failing, simplifying logic of users of bpf_prog_add/bpf_prog_inc.

Validated compilation by running allyesconfig kernel build.

Suggested-by: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
Signed-off-by: Andrii Nakryiko <andriin@fb.com>
Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20191117172806.2195367-3-andriin@fb.com

92117d84

 ("bpf: fix refcnt overflow") turned refcounting of bpf_map into
potentially failing operation, when refcount reaches BPF_MAX_REFCNT limit
(32k). Due to using 32-bit counter, it's possible in practice to overflow
refcounter and make it wrap around to 0, causing erroneous map free, while
there are still references to it, causing use-after-free problems.

But having a failing refcounting operations are problematic in some cases. One
example is mmap() interface. After establishing initial memory-mapping, user
is allowed to arbitrarily map/remap/unmap parts of mapped memory, arbitrarily
splitting it into multiple non-contiguous regions. All this happening without
any control from the users of mmap subsystem. Rather mmap subsystem sends
notifications to original creator of memory mapping through open/close
callbacks, which are optionally specified during initial memory mapping
creation. These callbacks are used to maintain accurate refcount for bpf_map
(see next patch in this series). The problem is that open() callback is not
supposed to fail, because memory-mapped resource is set up and properly
referenced. This is posing a problem for using memory-mapping with BPF maps.

One solution to this is to maintain separate refcount for just memory-mappings
and do single bpf_map_inc/bpf_map_put when it goes from/to zero, respectively.
There are similar use cases in current work on tcp-bpf, necessitating extra
counter as well. This seems like a rather unfortunate and ugly solution that
doesn't scale well to various new use cases.

Another approach to solve this is to use non-failing refcount_t type, which
uses 32-bit counter internally, but, once reaching overflow state at UINT_MAX,
stays there. This utlimately causes memory leak, but prevents use after free.

But given refcounting is not the most performance-critical operation with BPF
maps (it's not used from running BPF program code), we can also just switch to
64-bit counter that can't overflow in practice, potentially disadvantaging
32-bit platforms a tiny bit. This simplifies semantics and allows above
described scenarios to not worry about failing refcount increment operation.

In terms of struct bpf_map size, we are still good and use the same amount of
space:

BEFORE (3 cache lines, 8 bytes of padding at the end):
struct bpf_map {
	const struct bpf_map_ops  * ops __attribute__((__aligned__(64))); /*     0     8 */
	struct bpf_map *           inner_map_meta;       /*     8     8 */
	void *                     security;             /*    16     8 */
	enum bpf_map_type  map_type;                     /*    24     4 */
	u32                        key_size;             /*    28     4 */
	u32                        value_size;           /*    32     4 */
	u32                        max_entries;          /*    36     4 */
	u32                        map_flags;            /*    40     4 */
	int                        spin_lock_off;        /*    44     4 */
	u32                        id;                   /*    48     4 */
	int                        numa_node;            /*    52     4 */
	u32                        btf_key_type_id;      /*    56     4 */
	u32                        btf_value_type_id;    /*    60     4 */
	/* --- cacheline 1 boundary (64 bytes) --- */
	struct btf *               btf;                  /*    64     8 */
	struct bpf_map_memory memory;                    /*    72    16 */
	bool                       unpriv_array;         /*    88     1 */
	bool                       frozen;               /*    89     1 */

	/* XXX 38 bytes hole, try to pack */

	/* --- cacheline 2 boundary (128 bytes) --- */
	atomic_t                   refcnt __attribute__((__aligned__(64))); /*   128     4 */
	atomic_t                   usercnt;              /*   132     4 */
	struct work_struct work;                         /*   136    32 */
	char                       name[16];             /*   168    16 */

	/* size: 192, cachelines: 3, members: 21 */
	/* sum members: 146, holes: 1, sum holes: 38 */
	/* padding: 8 */
	/* forced alignments: 2, forced holes: 1, sum forced holes: 38 */
} __attribute__((__aligned__(64)));

AFTER (same 3 cache lines, no extra padding now):
struct bpf_map {
	const struct bpf_map_ops  * ops __attribute__((__aligned__(64))); /*     0     8 */
	struct bpf_map *           inner_map_meta;       /*     8     8 */
	void *                     security;             /*    16     8 */
	enum bpf_map_type  map_type;                     /*    24     4 */
	u32                        key_size;             /*    28     4 */
	u32                        value_size;           /*    32     4 */
	u32                        max_entries;          /*    36     4 */
	u32                        map_flags;            /*    40     4 */
	int                        spin_lock_off;        /*    44     4 */
	u32                        id;                   /*    48     4 */
	int                        numa_node;            /*    52     4 */
	u32                        btf_key_type_id;      /*    56     4 */
	u32                        btf_value_type_id;    /*    60     4 */
	/* --- cacheline 1 boundary (64 bytes) --- */
	struct btf *               btf;                  /*    64     8 */
	struct bpf_map_memory memory;                    /*    72    16 */
	bool                       unpriv_array;         /*    88     1 */
	bool                       frozen;               /*    89     1 */

	/* XXX 38 bytes hole, try to pack */

	/* --- cacheline 2 boundary (128 bytes) --- */
	atomic64_t                 refcnt __attribute__((__aligned__(64))); /*   128     8 */
	atomic64_t                 usercnt;              /*   136     8 */
	struct work_struct work;                         /*   144    32 */
	char                       name[16];             /*   176    16 */

	/* size: 192, cachelines: 3, members: 21 */
	/* sum members: 154, holes: 1, sum holes: 38 */
	/* forced alignments: 2, forced holes: 1, sum forced holes: 38 */
} __attribute__((__aligned__(64)));

This patch, while modifying all users of bpf_map_inc, also cleans up its
interface to match bpf_map_put with separate operations for bpf_map_inc and
bpf_map_inc_with_uref (to match bpf_map_put and bpf_map_put_with_uref,
respectively). Also, given there are no users of bpf_map_inc_not_zero
specifying uref=true, remove uref flag and default to uref=false internally.

Signed-off-by: Andrii Nakryiko <andriin@fb.com>
Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
Acked-by: Song Liu <songliubraving@fb.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20191117172806.2195367-2-andriin@fb.com

Alexei Starovoitov says:

====================
Introduce BPF trampoline that works as a bridge between kernel functions, BPF
programs and other BPF programs.

The first use case is fentry/fexit BPF programs that are roughly equivalent to
kprobe/kretprobe. Unlike k[ret]probe there is practically zero overhead to call
a set of BPF programs before or after kernel function.

The second use case is heavily influenced by pain points in XDP development.
BPF trampoline allows attaching similar fentry/fexit BPF program to any
networking BPF program. It's now possible to see packets on input and output of
any XDP, TC, lwt, cgroup programs without disturbing them. This greatly helps
BPF-based network troubleshooting.

The third use case of BPF trampoline will be explored in the follow up patches.
The BPF trampoline will be used to dynamicly link BPF programs. It's more
generic mechanism than array and link list of programs used in tracing,
networking, cgroups. In many cases it can be used as a replacement for
bpf_tail_call-based program chaining. See [1] for long term design discussion.

v3 -> v4:
- Included Peter's
  "86/alternatives: Teach text_poke_bp() to emulate instructions" as a first patch.
  If it changes between now and merge window, I'll rebease to newer version.
  The patch is necessary to do s/text_poke/text_poke_bp/ in patch 3 to fix the race.
- In patch 4 fixed bpf_trampoline creation race spotted by Andrii.
- Added patch 15 that annotates prog->kern bpf context types. It made patches 16
  and 17 cleaner and more generic.
- Addressed Andrii's feedback in other patches.

v2 -> v3:
- Addressed Song's and Andrii's comments
- Fixed few minor bugs discovered while testing
- Added one more libbpf patch

v1 -> v2:
- Addressed Andrii's comments
- Added more test for fentry/fexit to kernel functions. Including stress test
  for maximum number of progs per trampoline.
- Fixed a race btf_resolve_helper_id()
- Added a patch to compare BTF types of functions arguments with actual types.
- Added support for attaching BPF program to another BPF program via trampoline
- Converted to use text_poke() API. That's the only viable mechanism to
  implement BPF-to-BPF attach. BPF-to-kernel attach can be refactored to use
  register_ftrace_direct() whenever it's available.

  [1] https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20191112025112.bhzmrrh2pr76ssnh@ast-mbp.dhcp.thefacebook.com/


====================

Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>

Add a test that attaches one FEXIT program to main sched_cls networking program
and two other FEXIT programs to subprograms. All three tracing programs
access return values and skb->len of networking program and subprograms.

Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
Acked-by: Song Liu <songliubraving@fb.com>
Acked-by: Andrii Nakryiko <andriin@fb.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20191114185720.1641606-21-ast@kernel.org

The test_pkt_access.o is used by multiple tests. Fix its section name so that
program type can be automatically detected by libbpf and make it call other
subprograms with skb argument.

Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
Acked-by: Song Liu <songliubraving@fb.com>
Acked-by: Andrii Nakryiko <andriin@fb.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20191114185720.1641606-20-ast@kernel.org

Extend libbpf api to pass attach_prog_fd into bpf_object__open.

Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
Acked-by: Song Liu <songliubraving@fb.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20191114185720.1641606-19-ast@kernel.org

Allow FENTRY/FEXIT BPF programs to attach to other BPF programs of any type
including their subprograms. This feature allows snooping on input and output
packets in XDP, TC programs including their return values. In order to do that
the verifier needs to track types not only of vmlinux, but types of other BPF
programs as well. The verifier also needs to translate uapi/linux/bpf.h types
used by networking programs into kernel internal BTF types used by FENTRY/FEXIT
BPF programs. In some cases LLVM optimizations can remove arguments from BPF
subprograms without adjusting BTF info that LLVM backend knows. When BTF info
disagrees with actual types that the verifiers sees the BPF trampoline has to
fallback to conservative and treat all arguments as u64. The FENTRY/FEXIT
program can still attach to such subprograms, but it won't be able to recognize
pointer types like 'struct sk_buff *' and it won't be able to pass them to
bpf_skb_output() for dumping packets to user space. The FENTRY/FEXIT program
would need to use bpf_probe_read_kernel() instead.

The BPF_PROG_LOAD command is extended with attach_prog_fd field. When it's set
to zero the attach_btf_id is one vmlinux BTF type ids. When attach_prog_fd
points to previously loaded BPF program the attach_btf_id is BTF type id of
main function or one of its subprograms.

Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
Acked-by: Song Liu <songliubraving@fb.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20191114185720.1641606-18-ast@kernel.org

Make the verifier check that BTF types of function arguments match actual types
passed into top-level BPF program and into BPF-to-BPF calls. If types match
such BPF programs and sub-programs will have full support of BPF trampoline. If
types mismatch the trampoline has to be conservative. It has to save/restore
five program arguments and assume 64-bit scalars.

Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
Acked-by: Song Liu <songliubraving@fb.com>
Acked-by: Andrii Nakryiko <andriin@fb.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20191114185720.1641606-17-ast@kernel.org

Annotate BPF program context types with program-side type and kernel-side type.
This type information is used by the verifier. btf_get_prog_ctx_type() is
used in the later patches to verify that BTF type of ctx in BPF program matches to
kernel expected ctx type. For example, the XDP program type is:
BPF_PROG_TYPE(BPF_PROG_TYPE_XDP, xdp, struct xdp_md, struct xdp_buff)
That means that XDP program should be written as:
int xdp_prog(struct xdp_md *ctx) { ... }

Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
Acked-by: Song Liu <songliubraving@fb.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20191114185720.1641606-16-ast@kernel.org

btf_resolve_helper_id() caching logic is a bit racy, since under root the
verifier can verify several programs in parallel. Fix it with READ/WRITE_ONCE.
Fix the type as well, since error is also recorded.

Fixes: a7658e1a

 ("bpf: Check types of arguments passed into helpers")
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
Acked-by: Song Liu <songliubraving@fb.com>
Acked-by: Andrii Nakryiko <andriin@fb.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20191114185720.1641606-15-ast@kernel.org

BPF trampoline can be made to work with existing 5 bytes of BPF program
prologue, but let's add 5 bytes of NOPs to the beginning of every JITed BPF
program to make BPF trampoline job easier. They can be removed in the future.

Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
Acked-by: Andrii Nakryiko <andriin@fb.com>
Acked-by: Song Liu <songliubraving@fb.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20191114185720.1641606-14-ast@kernel.org

Add stress test for maximum number of attached BPF programs per BPF trampoline.

Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
Acked-by: Song Liu <songliubraving@fb.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20191114185720.1641606-13-ast@kernel.org

Add a combined fentry/fexit test.

Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
Acked-by: Song Liu <songliubraving@fb.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20191114185720.1641606-12-ast@kernel.org

Add fexit tests for BPF trampoline that checks kernel functions
with up to 6 arguments of different sizes and their return values.

Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
Acked-by: Song Liu <songliubraving@fb.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20191114185720.1641606-11-ast@kernel.org

Add sanity test for BPF trampoline that checks kernel functions
with up to 6 arguments of different sizes.

Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
Acked-by: Song Liu <songliubraving@fb.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20191114185720.1641606-10-ast@kernel.org

Add few kernel functions with various number of arguments,
their types and sizes for BPF trampoline testing to cover
different calling conventions.

Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
Acked-by: Song Liu <songliubraving@fb.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20191114185720.1641606-9-ast@kernel.org

Add simple test for fentry and fexit programs around eth_type_trans.

Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
Acked-by: Andrii Nakryiko <andriin@fb.com>
Acked-by: Song Liu <songliubraving@fb.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20191114185720.1641606-8-ast@kernel.org

Teach libbpf to recognize tracing programs types and attach them to
fentry/fexit.

Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
Acked-by: Song Liu <songliubraving@fb.com>
Acked-by: Andrii Nakryiko <andriin@fb.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20191114185720.1641606-7-ast@kernel.org

Introduce btf__find_by_name_kind() helper to search BTF by name and kind, since
name alone can be ambiguous.

Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
Acked-by: Song Liu <songliubraving@fb.com>
Acked-by: Andrii Nakryiko <andriin@fb.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20191114185720.1641606-6-ast@kernel.org

Introduce BPF trampoline concept to allow kernel code to call into BPF programs
with practically zero overhead.  The trampoline generation logic is
architecture dependent.  It's converting native calling convention into BPF
calling convention.  BPF ISA is 64-bit (even on 32-bit architectures). The
registers R1 to R5 are used to pass arguments into BPF functions. The main BPF
program accepts only single argument "ctx" in R1. Whereas CPU native calling
convention is different. x86-64 is passing first 6 arguments in registers
and the rest on the stack. x86-32 is passing first 3 arguments in registers.
sparc64 is passing first 6 in registers. And so on.

The trampolines between BPF and kernel already exist.  BPF_CALL_x macros in
include/linux/filter.h statically compile trampolines from BPF into kernel
helpers. They convert up to five u64 arguments into kernel C pointers and
integers. On 64-bit architectures this BPF_to_kernel trampolines are nops. On
32-bit architecture they're meaningful.

The opposite job kernel_to_BPF trampolines is done by CAST_TO_U64 macros and
__bpf_trace_##call() shim functions in include/trace/bpf_probe.h. They convert
kernel function arguments into array of u64s that BPF program consumes via
R1=ctx pointer.

This patch set is doing the same job as __bpf_trace_##call() static
trampolines, but dynamically for any kernel function. There are ~22k global
kernel functions that are attachable via nop at function entry. The function
arguments and types are described in BTF.  The job of btf_distill_func_proto()
function is to extract useful information from BTF into "function model" that
architecture dependent trampoline generators will use to generate assembly code
to cast kernel function arguments into array of u64s.  For example the kernel
function eth_type_trans has two pointers. They will be casted to u64 and stored
into stack of generated trampoline. The pointer to that stack space will be
passed into BPF program in R1. On x86-64 such generated trampoline will consume
16 bytes of stack and two stores of %rdi and %rsi into stack. The verifier will
make sure that only two u64 are accessed read-only by BPF program. The verifier
will also recognize the precise type of the pointers being accessed and will
not allow typecasting of the pointer to a different type within BPF program.

The tracing use case in the datacenter demonstrated that certain key kernel
functions have (like tcp_retransmit_skb) have 2 or more kprobes that are always
active.  Other functions have both kprobe and kretprobe.  So it is essential to
keep both kernel code and BPF programs executing at maximum speed. Hence
generated BPF trampoline is re-generated every time new program is attached or
detached to maintain maximum performance.

To avoid the high cost of retpoline the attached BPF programs are called
directly. __bpf_prog_enter/exit() are used to support per-program execution
stats.  In the future this logic will be optimized further by adding support
for bpf_stats_enabled_key inside generated assembly code. Introduction of
preemptible and sleepable BPF programs will completely remove the need to call
to __bpf_prog_enter/exit().

Detach of a BPF program from the trampoline should not fail. To avoid memory
allocation in detach path the half of the page is used as a reserve and flipped
after each attach/detach. 2k bytes is enough to call 40+ BPF programs directly
which is enough for BPF tracing use cases. This limit can be increased in the
future.

BPF_TRACE_FENTRY programs have access to raw kernel function arguments while
BPF_TRACE_FEXIT programs have access to kernel return value as well. Often
kprobe BPF program remembers function arguments in a map while kretprobe
fetches arguments from a map and analyzes them together with return value.
BPF_TRACE_FEXIT accelerates this typical use case.

Recursion prevention for kprobe BPF programs is done via per-cpu
bpf_prog_active counter. In practice that turned out to be a mistake. It
caused programs to randomly skip execution. The tracing tools missed results
they were looking for. Hence BPF trampoline doesn't provide builtin recursion
prevention. It's a job of BPF program itself and will be addressed in the
follow up patches.

BPF trampoline is intended to be used beyond tracing and fentry/fexit use cases
in the future. For example to remove retpoline cost from XDP programs.

Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
Acked-by: Andrii Nakryiko <andriin@fb.com>
Acked-by: Song Liu <songliubraving@fb.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20191114185720.1641606-5-ast@kernel.org

Add bpf_arch_text_poke() helper that is used by BPF trampoline logic to patch
nops/calls in kernel text into calls into BPF trampoline and to patch
calls/nops inside BPF programs too.

Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
Acked-by: Song Liu <songliubraving@fb.com>
Acked-by: Andrii Nakryiko <andriin@fb.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20191114185720.1641606-4-ast@kernel.org

Refactor x86 JITing of LDX, STX, CALL instructions into separate helper
functions.  No functional changes in LDX and STX helpers.  There is a minor
change in CALL helper. It will populate target address correctly on the first
pass of JIT instead of second pass. That won't reduce total number of JIT
passes though.

Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
Acked-by: Song Liu <songliubraving@fb.com>
Acked-by: Andrii Nakryiko <andriin@fb.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20191114185720.1641606-3-ast@kernel.org

In preparation for static_call and variable size jump_label support,
teach text_poke_bp() to emulate instructions, namely:

  JMP32, JMP8, CALL, NOP2, NOP_ATOMIC5, INT3

The current text_poke_bp() takes a @handler argument which is used as
a jump target when the temporary INT3 is hit by a different CPU.

When patching CALL instructions, this doesn't work because we'd miss
the PUSH of the return address. Instead, teach poke_int3_handler() to
emulate an instruction, typically the instruction we're patching in.

This fits almost all text_poke_bp() users, except
arch_unoptimize_kprobe() which restores random text, and for that site
we have to build an explicit emulate instruction.

Tested-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Tested-by: Steven Rostedt (VMware) <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org>
Reviewed-by: Masami Hiramatsu <mhiramat@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Daniel Bristot de Oliveira <bristot@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Cc: Andy Lutomirski <luto@kernel.org>
Cc: Borislav Petkov <bp@alien8.de>
Cc: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>
Cc: Josh Poimboeuf <jpoimboe@redhat.com>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20191111132457.529086974@infradead.org


Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
(cherry picked from commit 8c7eebc10687af45ac8e40ad1bac0cf7893dba9f)
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>

The example code for the x86_64 JIT uses the wrong arguments when
calling function bar().

Signed-off-by: Mao Wenan <maowenan@huawei.com>
Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20191114034351.162740-1-maowenan@huawei.com

Commit 743e568c (samples/bpf: Add a "force" flag to XDP samples)
introduced the '-F' option but missed adding it to the usage() and the
'long_option' array.

Fixes: 743e568c

 (samples/bpf: Add a "force" flag to XDP samples)
Signed-off-by: Andre Guedes <andre.guedes@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20191114162847.221770-2-andre.guedes@intel.com

The '-f' option is shown twice in the usage(). This patch removes the
outdated version.

Signed-off-by: Andre Guedes <andre.guedes@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20191114162847.221770-1-andre.guedes@intel.com

The upcoming s390 branch length extension patches rely on "passes do
not increase code size" property in order to consistently choose between
short and long branches. Currently this property does not hold between
the first and the second passes for register save/restore sequences, as
well as various code fragments that depend on SEEN_* flags.

Generate the code during the first pass conservatively: assume register
save/restore sequences have the maximum possible length, and that all
SEEN_* flags are set.

Also refuse to JIT if this happens anyway (e.g. due to a bug), as this
might lead to verifier bypass once long branches are introduced.

Signed-off-by: Ilya Leoshkevich <iii@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20191114151820.53222-1-iii@linux.ibm.com

Currently passing alignment greater than 4 to bpf_jit_binary_alloc does
not work: in such cases it silently aligns only to 4 bytes.

On s390, in order to load a constant from memory in a large (>512k) BPF
program, one must use lgrl instruction, whose memory operand must be
aligned on an 8-byte boundary.

This patch makes it possible to request 8-byte alignment from
bpf_jit_binary_alloc, and also makes it issue a warning when an
unsupported alignment is requested.

Signed-off-by: Ilya Leoshkevich <iii@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20191115123722.58462-1-iii@linux.ibm.com

When installing kselftests to its own directory and run the
test_lwt_ip_encap.sh it will complain that test_lwt_ip_encap.o can't be
found. Same with the test_tc_edt.sh test it will complain that
test_tc_edt.o can't be found.

  $ ./test_lwt_ip_encap.sh
  starting egress IPv4 encap test
  Error opening object test_lwt_ip_encap.o: No such file or directory
  Object hashing failed!
  Cannot initialize ELF context!
  Failed to parse eBPF program: Invalid argument

Rework to add test_lwt_ip_encap.o and test_tc_edt.o to TEST_FILES so the
object file gets installed when installing kselftest.

Fixes: 74b5a596

 ("selftests/bpf: Replace test_progs and test_maps w/ general rule")
Signed-off-by: Anders Roxell <anders.roxell@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
Acked-by: Song Liu <songliubraving@fb.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20191111161728.8854-1-anders.roxell@linaro.org

With latest llvm compiler, running test_progs will have the following
verifier failure for test_sysctl_loop1.o:

  libbpf: load bpf program failed: Permission denied
  libbpf: -- BEGIN DUMP LOG ---
  libbpf:
  invalid indirect read from stack var_off (0x0; 0xff)+196 size 7
  ...
  libbpf: -- END LOG --
  libbpf: failed to load program 'cgroup/sysctl'
  libbpf: failed to load object 'test_sysctl_loop1.o'

The related bytecode looks as below:

  0000000000000308 LBB0_8:
      97:       r4 = r10
      98:       r4 += -288
      99:       r4 += r7
     100:       w8 &= 255
     101:       r1 = r10
     102:       r1 += -488
     103:       r1 += r8
     104:       r2 = 7
     105:       r3 = 0
     106:       call 106
     107:       w1 = w0
     108:       w1 += -1
     109:       if w1 > 6 goto -24 <LBB0_5>
     110:       w0 += w8
     111:       r7 += 8
     112:       w8 = w0
     113:       if r7 != 224 goto -17 <LBB0_8>

And source code:

     for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(tcp_mem); ++i) {
             ret = bpf_strtoul(value + off, MAX_ULONG_STR_LEN, 0,
                               tcp_mem + i);
             if (ret <= 0 || ret > MAX_ULONG_STR_LEN)
                     return 0;
             off += ret & MAX_ULONG_STR_LEN;
     }

Current verifier is not able to conclude that register w0 before '+'
at insn 110 has a range of 1 to 7 and thinks it is from 0 - 255. This
leads to more conservative range for w8 at insn 112, and later verifier
complaint.

Let us workaround this issue until we found a compiler and/or verifier
solution. The workaround in this patch is to make variable 'ret' volatile,
which will force a reload and then '&' operation to ensure better value
range. With this patch, I got the below byte code for the loop:

  0000000000000328 LBB0_9:
     101:       r4 = r10
     102:       r4 += -288
     103:       r4 += r7
     104:       w8 &= 255
     105:       r1 = r10
     106:       r1 += -488
     107:       r1 += r8
     108:       r2 = 7
     109:       r3 = 0
     110:       call 106
     111:       *(u32 *)(r10 - 64) = r0
     112:       r1 = *(u32 *)(r10 - 64)
     113:       if w1 s< 1 goto -28 <LBB0_5>
     114:       r1 = *(u32 *)(r10 - 64)
     115:       if w1 s> 7 goto -30 <LBB0_5>
     116:       r1 = *(u32 *)(r10 - 64)
     117:       w1 &= 7
     118:       w1 += w8
     119:       r7 += 8
     120:       w8 = w1
     121:       if r7 != 224 goto -21 <LBB0_9>

Insn 117 did the '&' operation and we got more precise value range
for 'w8' at insn 120. The test is happy then:

  #3/17 test_sysctl_loop1.o:OK

Signed-off-by: Yonghong Song <yhs@fb.com>
Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
Acked-by: Song Liu <songliubraving@fb.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20191107170045.2503480-1-yhs@fb.com

Magnus Karlsson says:

====================
This patch set extends libbpf and the xdpsock sample program to
demonstrate the shared umem mode (XDP_SHARED_UMEM) as well as Rx-only
and Tx-only sockets. This in order for users to have an example to use
as a blue print and also so that these modes will be exercised more
frequently.

Note that the user needs to supply an XDP program with the
XDP_SHARED_UMEM mode that distributes the packets over the sockets
according to some policy. There is an example supplied with the
xdpsock program, but there is no default one in libbpf similarly to
when XDP_SHARED_UMEM is not used. The reason for this is that I felt
that supplying one that would work for all users in this mode is
futile. There are just tons of ways to distribute packets, so whatever
I come up with and build into libbpf would be wrong in most cases.

This patch has been applied against commit 30ee348c

 ("Merge branch 'bpf-libbpf-fixes'")

Structure of the patch set:

Patch 1: Adds shared umem support to libbpf
Patch 2: Shared umem support and example XPD program added to xdpsock sample
Patch 3: Adds Rx-only and Tx-only support to libbpf
Patch 4: Uses Rx-only sockets for rxdrop and Tx-only sockets for txpush in
         the xdpsock sample
Patch 5: Add documentation entries for these two features
====================

Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>

Add more documentation about the new Rx-only and Tx-only sockets in
libbpf and also how libbpf can now support shared umems. Also found
two pieces that could be improved in the text, that got fixed in this
commit.

Signed-off-by: Magnus Karlsson <magnus.karlsson@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Tested-by: William Tu <u9012063@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Jonathan Lemon <jonathan.lemon@gmail.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/1573148860-30254-6-git-send-email-magnus.karlsson@intel.com

Use Rx-only sockets for the rxdrop sample and Tx-only sockets for the
txpush sample in the xdpsock application. This so that we exercise and
show case these socket types too.

Signed-off-by: Magnus Karlsson <magnus.karlsson@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Tested-by: William Tu <u9012063@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Jonathan Lemon <jonathan.lemon@gmail.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/1573148860-30254-5-git-send-email-magnus.karlsson@intel.com