futex: Prevent the reuse of stale pi_state

Jiri Slaby reported a futex state inconsistency resulting in -EINVAL during
a lock operation for a PI futex. It requires that the a lock process is
interrupted by a timeout or signal:

  T1 Owns the futex in user space.

  T2 Tries to acquire the futex in kernel (futex_lock_pi()). Allocates a
     pi_state and attaches itself to it.

  T2 Times out and removes its rt_waiter from the rt_mutex. Drops the
     rtmutex lock and tries to acquire the hash bucket lock to remove
     the futex_q. The lock is contended and T2 schedules out.

  T1 Unlocks the futex (futex_unlock_pi()). Finds a futex_q but no
     rt_waiter. Unlocks the futex (do_uncontended) and makes it available
     to user space.

  T3 Acquires the futex in user space.

  T4 Tries to acquire the futex in kernel (futex_lock_pi()). Finds the
     existing futex_q of T2 and tries to attach itself to the existing
     pi_state.  This (attach_to_pi_state()) fails with -EINVAL because uval
     contains the ...