/* * Block driver for Hyper-V VHDX Images * * Copyright (c) 2013 Red Hat, Inc., * * Authors: * Jeff Cody * * This is based on the "VHDX Format Specification v1.00", published 8/25/2012 * by Microsoft: * https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/download/details.aspx?id=34750 * * This work is licensed under the terms of the GNU LGPL, version 2 or later. * See the COPYING.LIB file in the top-level directory. * */ #include "qemu/osdep.h" #include "qapi/error.h" #include "block/block_int.h" #include "block/qdict.h" #include "sysemu/block-backend.h" #include "qemu/module.h" #include "qemu/option.h" #include "qemu/crc32c.h" #include "qemu/bswap.h" #include "qemu/error-report.h" #include "vhdx.h" #include "migration/blocker.h" #include "qemu/uuid.h" #include "qapi/qmp/qdict.h" #include "qapi/qobject-input-visitor.h" #include "qapi/qapi-visit-block-core.h" /* Options for VHDX creation */ #define VHDX_BLOCK_OPT_LOG_SIZE "log_size" #define VHDX_BLOCK_OPT_BLOCK_SIZE "block_size" #define VHDX_BLOCK_OPT_ZERO "block_state_zero" typedef enum VHDXImageType { VHDX_TYPE_DYNAMIC = 0, VHDX_TYPE_FIXED, VHDX_TYPE_DIFFERENCING, /* Currently unsupported */ } VHDXImageType; static QemuOptsList vhdx_create_opts; /* Several metadata and region table data entries are identified by * guids in a MS-specific GUID format. */ /* ------- Known Region Table GUIDs ---------------------- */ static const MSGUID bat_guid = { .data1 = 0x2dc27766, .data2 = 0xf623, .data3 = 0x4200, .data4 = { 0x9d, 0x64, 0x11, 0x5e, 0x9b, 0xfd, 0x4a, 0x08} }; static const MSGUID metadata_guid = { .data1 = 0x8b7ca206, .data2 = 0x4790, .data3 = 0x4b9a, .data4 = { 0xb8, 0xfe, 0x57, 0x5f, 0x05, 0x0f, 0x88, 0x6e} }; /* ------- Known Metadata Entry GUIDs ---------------------- */ static const MSGUID file_param_guid = { .data1 = 0xcaa16737, .data2 = 0xfa36, .data3 = 0x4d43, .data4 = { 0xb3, 0xb6, 0x33, 0xf0, 0xaa, 0x44, 0xe7, 0x6b} }; static const MSGUID virtual_size_guid = { .data1 = 0x2FA54224, .data2 = 0xcd1b, .data3 = 0x4876, .data4 = { 0xb2, 0x11, 0x5d, 0xbe, 0xd8, 0x3b, 0xf4, 0xb8} }; static const MSGUID page83_guid = { .data1 = 0xbeca12ab, .data2 = 0xb2e6, .data3 = 0x4523, .data4 = { 0x93, 0xef, 0xc3, 0x09, 0xe0, 0x00, 0xc7, 0x46} }; static const MSGUID phys_sector_guid = { .data1 = 0xcda348c7, .data2 = 0x445d, .data3 = 0x4471, .data4 = { 0x9c, 0xc9, 0xe9, 0x88, 0x52, 0x51, 0xc5, 0x56} }; static const MSGUID parent_locator_guid = { .data1 = 0xa8d35f2d, .data2 = 0xb30b, .data3 = 0x454d, .data4 = { 0xab, 0xf7, 0xd3, 0xd8, 0x48, 0x34, 0xab, 0x0c} }; static const MSGUID logical_sector_guid = { .data1 = 0x8141bf1d, .data2 = 0xa96f, .data3 = 0x4709, .data4 = { 0xba, 0x47, 0xf2, 0x33, 0xa8, 0xfa, 0xab, 0x5f} }; /* Each parent type must have a valid GUID; this is for parent images * of type 'VHDX'. If we were to allow e.g. a QCOW2 parent, we would * need to make up our own QCOW2 GUID type */ static const MSGUID parent_vhdx_guid __attribute__((unused)) = { .data1 = 0xb04aefb7, .data2 = 0xd19e, .data3 = 0x4a81, .data4 = { 0xb7, 0x89, 0x25, 0xb8, 0xe9, 0x44, 0x59, 0x13} }; #define META_FILE_PARAMETER_PRESENT 0x01 #define META_VIRTUAL_DISK_SIZE_PRESENT 0x02 #define META_PAGE_83_PRESENT 0x04 #define META_LOGICAL_SECTOR_SIZE_PRESENT 0x08 #define META_PHYS_SECTOR_SIZE_PRESENT 0x10 #define META_PARENT_LOCATOR_PRESENT 0x20 #define META_ALL_PRESENT \ (META_FILE_PARAMETER_PRESENT | META_VIRTUAL_DISK_SIZE_PRESENT | \ META_PAGE_83_PRESENT | META_LOGICAL_SECTOR_SIZE_PRESENT | \ META_PHYS_SECTOR_SIZE_PRESENT) typedef struct VHDXSectorInfo { uint32_t bat_idx; /* BAT entry index */ uint32_t sectors_avail; /* sectors available in payload block */ uint32_t bytes_left; /* bytes left in the block after data to r/w */ uint32_t bytes_avail; /* bytes available in payload block */ uint64_t file_offset; /* absolute offset in bytes, in file */ uint64_t block_offset; /* block offset, in bytes */ } VHDXSectorInfo; /* Calculates new checksum. * * Zero is substituted during crc calculation for the original crc field * crc_offset: byte offset in buf of the buffer crc * buf: buffer pointer * size: size of buffer (must be > crc_offset+4) * * Note: The buffer should have all multi-byte data in little-endian format, * and the resulting checksum is in little endian format. */ uint32_t vhdx_update_checksum(uint8_t *buf, size_t size, int crc_offset) { uint32_t crc; assert(buf != NULL); assert(size > (crc_offset + sizeof(crc))); memset(buf + crc_offset, 0, sizeof(crc)); crc = crc32c(0xffffffff, buf, size); crc = cpu_to_le32(crc); memcpy(buf + crc_offset, &crc, sizeof(crc)); return crc; } uint32_t vhdx_checksum_calc(uint32_t crc, uint8_t *buf, size_t size, int crc_offset) { uint32_t crc_new; uint32_t crc_orig; assert(buf != NULL); if (crc_offset > 0) { memcpy(&crc_orig, buf + crc_offset, sizeof(crc_orig)); memset(buf + crc_offset, 0, sizeof(crc_orig)); } crc_new = crc32c(crc, buf, size); if (crc_offset > 0) { memcpy(buf + crc_offset, &crc_orig, sizeof(crc_orig)); } return crc_new; } /* Validates the checksum of the buffer, with an in-place CRC. * * Zero is substituted during crc calculation for the original crc field, * and the crc field is restored afterwards. But the buffer will be modified * during the calculation, so this may not be not suitable for multi-threaded * use. * * crc_offset: byte offset in buf of the buffer crc * buf: buffer pointer * size: size of buffer (must be > crc_offset+4) * * returns true if checksum is valid, false otherwise */ bool vhdx_checksum_is_valid(uint8_t *buf, size_t size, int crc_offset) { uint32_t crc_orig; uint32_t crc; assert(buf != NULL); assert(size > (crc_offset + 4)); memcpy(&crc_orig, buf + crc_offset, sizeof(crc_orig)); crc_orig = le32_to_cpu(crc_orig); crc = vhdx_checksum_calc(0xffffffff, buf, size, crc_offset); return crc == crc_orig; } /* * This generates a UUID that is compliant with the MS GUIDs used * in the VHDX spec (and elsewhere). */ void vhdx_guid_generate(MSGUID *guid) { QemuUUID uuid; assert(guid != NULL); qemu_uuid_generate(&uuid); memcpy(guid, &uuid, sizeof(MSGUID)); } /* Check for region overlaps inside the VHDX image */ static int vhdx_region_check(BDRVVHDXState *s, uint64_t start, uint64_t length) { int ret = 0; uint64_t end; VHDXRegionEntry *r; end = start + length; QLIST_FOREACH(r, &s->regions, entries) { if (!((start >= r->end) || (end <= r->start))) { error_report("VHDX region %" PRIu64 "-%" PRIu64 " overlaps with " "region %" PRIu64 "-%." PRIu64, start, end, r->start, r->end); ret = -EINVAL; goto exit; } } exit: return ret; } /* Register a region for future checks */ static void vhdx_region_register(BDRVVHDXState *s, uint64_t start, uint64_t length) { VHDXRegionEntry *r; r = g_malloc0(sizeof(*r)); r->start = start; r->end = start + length; QLIST_INSERT_HEAD(&s->regions, r, entries); } /* Free all registered regions */ static void vhdx_region_unregister_all(BDRVVHDXState *s) { VHDXRegionEntry *r, *r_next; QLIST_FOREACH_SAFE(r, &s->regions, entries, r_next) { QLIST_REMOVE(r, entries); g_free(r); } } static void vhdx_set_shift_bits(BDRVVHDXState *s) { s->logical_sector_size_bits = ctz32(s->logical_sector_size); s->sectors_per_block_bits = ctz32(s->sectors_per_block); s->chunk_ratio_bits = ctz64(s->chunk_ratio); s->block_size_bits = ctz32(s->block_size); } /* * Per the MS VHDX Specification, for every VHDX file: * - The header section is fixed size - 1 MB * - The header section is always the first "object" * - The first 64KB of the header is the File Identifier * - The first uint64 (8 bytes) is the VHDX Signature ("vhdxfile") * - The following 512 bytes constitute a UTF-16 string identifiying the * software that created the file, and is optional and diagnostic only. * * Therefore, we probe by looking for the vhdxfile signature "vhdxfile" */ static int vhdx_probe(const uint8_t *buf, int buf_size, const char *filename) { if (buf_size >= 8 && !memcmp(buf, "vhdxfile", 8)) { return 100; } return 0; } /* * Writes the header to the specified offset. * * This will optionally read in buffer data from disk (otherwise zero-fill), * and then update the header checksum. Header is converted to proper * endianness before being written to the specified file offset */ static int vhdx_write_header(BdrvChild *file, VHDXHeader *hdr, uint64_t offset, bool read) { BlockDriverState *bs_file = file->bs; uint8_t *buffer = NULL; int ret; VHDXHeader *header_le; assert(bs_file != NULL); assert(hdr != NULL); /* the header checksum is not over just the packed size of VHDXHeader, * but rather over the entire 'reserved' range for the header, which is * 4KB (VHDX_HEADER_SIZE). */ buffer = qemu_blockalign(bs_file, VHDX_HEADER_SIZE); if (read) { /* if true, we can't assume the extra reserved bytes are 0 */ ret = bdrv_pread(file, offset, buffer, VHDX_HEADER_SIZE); if (ret < 0) { goto exit; } } else { memset(buffer, 0, VHDX_HEADER_SIZE); } /* overwrite the actual VHDXHeader portion */ header_le = (VHDXHeader *)buffer; memcpy(header_le, hdr, sizeof(VHDXHeader)); vhdx_header_le_export(hdr, header_le); vhdx_update_checksum(buffer, VHDX_HEADER_SIZE, offsetof(VHDXHeader, checksum)); ret = bdrv_pwrite_sync(file, offset, header_le, sizeof(VHDXHeader)); exit: qemu_vfree(buffer); return ret; } /* Update the VHDX headers * * This follows the VHDX spec procedures for header updates. * * - non-current header is updated with largest sequence number */ static int vhdx_update_header(BlockDriverState *bs, BDRVVHDXState *s, bool generate_data_write_guid, MSGUID *log_guid) { int ret = 0; int hdr_idx = 0; uint64_t header_offset = VHDX_HEADER1_OFFSET; VHDXHeader *active_header; VHDXHeader *inactive_header; /* operate on the non-current header */ if (s->curr_header == 0) { hdr_idx = 1; header_offset = VHDX_HEADER2_OFFSET; } active_header = s->headers[s->curr_header]; inactive_header = s->headers[hdr_idx]; inactive_header->sequence_number = active_header->sequence_number + 1; /* a new file guid must be generated before any file write, including * headers */ inactive_header->file_write_guid = s->session_guid; /* a new data guid only needs to be generated before any guest-visible * writes (i.e. something observable via virtual disk read) */ if (generate_data_write_guid) { vhdx_guid_generate(&inactive_header->data_write_guid); } /* update the log guid if present */ if (log_guid) { inactive_header->log_guid = *log_guid; } ret = vhdx_write_header(bs->file, inactive_header, header_offset, true); if (ret < 0) { goto exit; } s->curr_header = hdr_idx; exit: return ret; } /* * The VHDX spec calls for header updates to be performed twice, so that both * the current and non-current header have valid info */ int vhdx_update_headers(BlockDriverState *bs, BDRVVHDXState *s, bool generate_data_write_guid, MSGUID *log_guid) { int ret; ret = vhdx_update_header(bs, s, generate_data_write_guid, log_guid); if (ret < 0) { return ret; } return vhdx_update_header(bs, s, generate_data_write_guid, log_guid); } /* opens the specified header block from the VHDX file header section */ static void vhdx_parse_header(BlockDriverState *bs, BDRVVHDXState *s, Error **errp) { int ret; VHDXHeader *header1; VHDXHeader *header2; bool h1_valid = false; bool h2_valid = false; uint64_t h1_seq = 0; uint64_t h2_seq = 0; uint8_t *buffer; /* header1 & header2 are freed in vhdx_close() */ header1 = qemu_blockalign(bs, sizeof(VHDXHeader)); header2 = qemu_blockalign(bs, sizeof(VHDXHeader)); buffer = qemu_blockalign(bs, VHDX_HEADER_SIZE); s->headers[0] = header1; s->headers[1] = header2; /* We have to read the whole VHDX_HEADER_SIZE instead of * sizeof(VHDXHeader), because the checksum is over the whole * region */ ret = bdrv_pread(bs->file, VHDX_HEADER1_OFFSET, buffer, VHDX_HEADER_SIZE); if (ret < 0) { goto fail; } /* copy over just the relevant portion that we need */ memcpy(header1, buffer, sizeof(VHDXHeader)); if (vhdx_checksum_is_valid(buffer, VHDX_HEADER_SIZE, 4)) { vhdx_header_le_import(header1); if (header1->signature == VHDX_HEADER_SIGNATURE && header1->version == 1) { h1_seq = header1->sequence_number; h1_valid = true; } } ret = bdrv_pread(bs->file, VHDX_HEADER2_OFFSET, buffer, VHDX_HEADER_SIZE); if (ret < 0) { goto fail; } /* copy over just the relevant portion that we need */ memcpy(header2, buffer, sizeof(VHDXHeader)); if (vhdx_checksum_is_valid(buffer, VHDX_HEADER_SIZE, 4)) { vhdx_header_le_import(header2); if (header2->signature == VHDX_HEADER_SIGNATURE && header2->version == 1) { h2_seq = header2->sequence_number; h2_valid = true; } } /* If there is only 1 valid header (or no valid headers), we * don't care what the sequence numbers are */ if (h1_valid && !h2_valid) { s->curr_header = 0; } else if (!h1_valid && h2_valid) { s->curr_header = 1; } else if (!h1_valid && !h2_valid) { goto fail; } else { /* If both headers are valid, then we choose the active one by the * highest sequence number. If the sequence numbers are equal, that is * invalid */ if (h1_seq > h2_seq) { s->curr_header = 0; } else if (h2_seq > h1_seq) { s->curr_header = 1; } else { /* The Microsoft Disk2VHD tool will create 2 identical * headers, with identical sequence numbers. If the headers are * identical, don't consider the file corrupt */ if (!memcmp(header1, header2, sizeof(VHDXHeader))) { s->curr_header = 0; } else { goto fail; } } } vhdx_region_register(s, s->headers[s->curr_header]->log_offset, s->headers[s->curr_header]->log_length); goto exit; fail: error_setg_errno(errp, -ret, "No valid VHDX header found"); qemu_vfree(header1); qemu_vfree(header2); s->headers[0] = NULL; s->headers[1] = NULL; exit: qemu_vfree(buffer); } static int vhdx_open_region_tables(BlockDriverState *bs, BDRVVHDXState *s) { int ret = 0; uint8_t *buffer; int offset = 0; VHDXRegionTableEntry rt_entry; uint32_t i; bool bat_rt_found = false; bool metadata_rt_found = false; /* We have to read the whole 64KB block, because the crc32 is over the * whole block */ buffer = qemu_blockalign(bs, VHDX_HEADER_BLOCK_SIZE); ret = bdrv_pread(bs->file, VHDX_REGION_TABLE_OFFSET, buffer, VHDX_HEADER_BLOCK_SIZE); if (ret < 0) { goto fail; } memcpy(&s->rt, buffer, sizeof(s->rt)); offset += sizeof(s->rt); if (!vhdx_checksum_is_valid(buffer, VHDX_HEADER_BLOCK_SIZE, 4)) { ret = -EINVAL; goto fail; } vhdx_region_header_le_import(&s->rt); if (s->rt.signature != VHDX_REGION_SIGNATURE) { ret = -EINVAL; goto fail; } /* Per spec, maximum region table entry count is 2047 */ if (s->rt.entry_count > 2047) { ret = -EINVAL; goto fail; } for (i = 0; i < s->rt.entry_count; i++) { memcpy(&rt_entry, buffer + offset, sizeof(rt_entry)); offset += sizeof(rt_entry); vhdx_region_entry_le_import(&rt_entry); /* check for region overlap between these entries, and any * other memory regions in the file */ ret = vhdx_region_check(s, rt_entry.file_offset, rt_entry.length); if (ret < 0) { goto fail; } vhdx_region_register(s, rt_entry.file_offset, rt_entry.length); /* see if we recognize the entry */ if (guid_eq(rt_entry.guid, bat_guid)) { /* must be unique; if we have already found it this is invalid */ if (bat_rt_found) { ret = -EINVAL; goto fail; } bat_rt_found = true; s->bat_rt = rt_entry; continue; } if (guid_eq(rt_entry.guid, metadata_guid)) { /* must be unique; if we have already found it this is invalid */ if (metadata_rt_found) { ret = -EINVAL; goto fail; } metadata_rt_found = true; s->metadata_rt = rt_entry; continue; } if (rt_entry.data_bits & VHDX_REGION_ENTRY_REQUIRED) { /* cannot read vhdx file - required region table entry that * we do not understand. per spec, we must fail to open */ ret = -ENOTSUP; goto fail; } } if (!bat_rt_found || !metadata_rt_found) { ret = -EINVAL; goto fail; } ret = 0; fail: qemu_vfree(buffer); return ret; } /* Metadata initial parser * * This loads all the metadata entry fields. This may cause additional * fields to be processed (e.g. parent locator, etc..). * * There are 5 Metadata items that are always required: * - File Parameters (block size, has a parent) * - Virtual Disk Size (size, in bytes, of the virtual drive) * - Page 83 Data (scsi page 83 guid) * - Logical Sector Size (logical sector size in bytes, either 512 or * 4096. We only support 512 currently) * - Physical Sector Size (512 or 4096) * * Also, if the File Parameters indicate this is a differencing file, * we must also look for the Parent Locator metadata item. */ static int vhdx_parse_metadata(BlockDriverState *bs, BDRVVHDXState *s) { int ret = 0; uint8_t *buffer; int offset = 0; uint32_t i = 0; VHDXMetadataTableEntry md_entry; buffer = qemu_blockalign(bs, VHDX_METADATA_TABLE_MAX_SIZE); ret = bdrv_pread(bs->file, s->metadata_rt.file_offset, buffer, VHDX_METADATA_TABLE_MAX_SIZE); if (ret < 0) { goto exit; } memcpy(&s->metadata_hdr, buffer, sizeof(s->metadata_hdr)); offset += sizeof(s->metadata_hdr); vhdx_metadata_header_le_import(&s->metadata_hdr); if (s->metadata_hdr.signature != VHDX_METADATA_SIGNATURE) { ret = -EINVAL; goto exit; } s->metadata_entries.present = 0; if ((s->metadata_hdr.entry_count * sizeof(md_entry)) > (VHDX_METADATA_TABLE_MAX_SIZE - offset)) { ret = -EINVAL; goto exit; } for (i = 0; i < s->metadata_hdr.entry_count; i++) { memcpy(&md_entry, buffer + offset, sizeof(md_entry)); offset += sizeof(md_entry); vhdx_metadata_entry_le_import(&md_entry); if (guid_eq(md_entry.item_id, file_param_guid)) { if (s->metadata_entries.present & META_FILE_PARAMETER_PRESENT) { ret = -EINVAL; goto exit; } s->metadata_entries.file_parameters_entry = md_entry; s->metadata_entries.present |= META_FILE_PARAMETER_PRESENT; continue; } if (guid_eq(md_entry.item_id, virtual_size_guid)) { if (s->metadata_entries.present & META_VIRTUAL_DISK_SIZE_PRESENT) { ret = -EINVAL; goto exit; } s->metadata_entries.virtual_disk_size_entry = md_entry; s->metadata_entries.present |= META_VIRTUAL_DISK_SIZE_PRESENT; continue; } if (guid_eq(md_entry.item_id, page83_guid)) { if (s->metadata_entries.present & META_PAGE_83_PRESENT) { ret = -EINVAL; goto exit; } s->metadata_entries.page83_data_entry = md_entry; s->metadata_entries.present |= META_PAGE_83_PRESENT; continue; } if (guid_eq(md_entry.item_id, logical_sector_guid)) { if (s->metadata_entries.present & META_LOGICAL_SECTOR_SIZE_PRESENT) { ret = -EINVAL; goto exit; } s->metadata_entries.logical_sector_size_entry = md_entry; s->metadata_entries.present |= META_LOGICAL_SECTOR_SIZE_PRESENT; continue; } if (guid_eq(md_entry.item_id, phys_sector_guid)) { if (s->metadata_entries.present & META_PHYS_SECTOR_SIZE_PRESENT) { ret = -EINVAL; goto exit; } s->metadata_entries.phys_sector_size_entry = md_entry; s->metadata_entries.present |= META_PHYS_SECTOR_SIZE_PRESENT; continue; } if (guid_eq(md_entry.item_id, parent_locator_guid)) { if (s->metadata_entries.present & META_PARENT_LOCATOR_PRESENT) { ret = -EINVAL; goto exit; } s->metadata_entries.parent_locator_entry = md_entry; s->metadata_entries.present |= META_PARENT_LOCATOR_PRESENT; continue; } if (md_entry.data_bits & VHDX_META_FLAGS_IS_REQUIRED) { /* cannot read vhdx file - required region table entry that * we do not understand. per spec, we must fail to open */ ret = -ENOTSUP; goto exit; } } if (s->metadata_entries.present != META_ALL_PRESENT) { ret = -ENOTSUP; goto exit; } ret = bdrv_pread(bs->file, s->metadata_entries.file_parameters_entry.offset + s->metadata_rt.file_offset, &s->params, sizeof(s->params)); if (ret < 0) { goto exit; } s->params.block_size = le32_to_cpu(s->params.block_size); s->params.data_bits = le32_to_cpu(s->params.data_bits); /* We now have the file parameters, so we can tell if this is a * differencing file (i.e.. has_parent), is dynamic or fixed * sized (leave_blocks_allocated), and the block size */ /* The parent locator required iff the file parameters has_parent set */ if (s->params.data_bits & VHDX_PARAMS_HAS_PARENT) { if (s->metadata_entries.present & META_PARENT_LOCATOR_PRESENT) { /* TODO: parse parent locator fields */ ret = -ENOTSUP; /* temp, until differencing files are supported */ goto exit; } else { /* if has_parent is set, but there is not parent locator present, * then that is an invalid combination */ ret = -EINVAL; goto exit; } } /* determine virtual disk size, logical sector size, * and phys sector size */ ret = bdrv_pread(bs->file, s->metadata_entries.virtual_disk_size_entry.offset + s->metadata_rt.file_offset, &s->virtual_disk_size, sizeof(uint64_t)); if (ret < 0) { goto exit; } ret = bdrv_pread(bs->file, s->metadata_entries.logical_sector_size_entry.offset + s->metadata_rt.file_offset, &s->logical_sector_size, sizeof(uint32_t)); if (ret < 0) { goto exit; } ret = bdrv_pread(bs->file, s->metadata_entries.phys_sector_size_entry.offset + s->metadata_rt.file_offset, &s->physical_sector_size, sizeof(uint32_t)); if (ret < 0) { goto exit; } s->virtual_disk_size = le64_to_cpu(s->virtual_disk_size); s->logical_sector_size = le32_to_cpu(s->logical_sector_size); s->physical_sector_size = le32_to_cpu(s->physical_sector_size); if (s->params.block_size < VHDX_BLOCK_SIZE_MIN || s->params.block_size > VHDX_BLOCK_SIZE_MAX) { ret = -EINVAL; goto exit; } /* only 2 supported sector sizes */ if (s->logical_sector_size != 512 && s->logical_sector_size != 4096) { ret = -EINVAL; goto exit; } /* Both block_size and sector_size are guaranteed powers of 2, below. Due to range checks above, s->sectors_per_block can never be < 256 */ s->sectors_per_block = s->params.block_size / s->logical_sector_size; s->chunk_ratio = (VHDX_MAX_SECTORS_PER_BLOCK) * (uint64_t)s->logical_sector_size / (uint64_t)s->params.block_size; /* These values are ones we will want to use for division / multiplication * later on, and they are all guaranteed (per the spec) to be powers of 2, * so we can take advantage of that for shift operations during * reads/writes */ if (s->logical_sector_size & (s->logical_sector_size - 1)) { ret = -EINVAL; goto exit; } if (s->sectors_per_block & (s->sectors_per_block - 1)) { ret = -EINVAL; goto exit; } if (s->chunk_ratio & (s->chunk_ratio - 1)) { ret = -EINVAL; goto exit; } s->block_size = s->params.block_size; if (s->block_size & (s->block_size - 1)) { ret = -EINVAL; goto exit; } vhdx_set_shift_bits(s); ret = 0; exit: qemu_vfree(buffer); return ret; } /* * Calculate the number of BAT entries, including sector * bitmap entries. */ static void vhdx_calc_bat_entries(BDRVVHDXState *s) { uint32_t data_blocks_cnt, bitmap_blocks_cnt; data_blocks_cnt = DIV_ROUND_UP(s->virtual_disk_size, s->block_size); bitmap_blocks_cnt = DIV_ROUND_UP(data_blocks_cnt, s->chunk_ratio); if (s->parent_entries) { s->bat_entries = bitmap_blocks_cnt * (s->chunk_ratio + 1); } else { s->bat_entries = data_blocks_cnt + ((data_blocks_cnt - 1) >> s->chunk_ratio_bits); } } static int vhdx_check_bat_entries(BlockDriverState *bs, int *errcnt) { BDRVVHDXState *s = bs->opaque; int64_t image_file_size = bdrv_getlength(bs->file->bs); uint64_t payblocks = s->chunk_ratio; uint64_t i; int ret = 0; if (image_file_size < 0) { error_report("Could not determinate VHDX image file size."); return image_file_size; } for (i = 0; i < s->bat_entries; i++) { if ((s->bat[i] & VHDX_BAT_STATE_BIT_MASK) == PAYLOAD_BLOCK_FULLY_PRESENT) { uint64_t offset = s->bat[i] & VHDX_BAT_FILE_OFF_MASK; /* * Allow that the last block exists only partially. The VHDX spec * states that the image file can only grow in blocksize increments, * but QEMU created images with partial last blocks in the past. */ uint32_t block_length = MIN(s->block_size, bs->total_sectors * BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE - i * s->block_size); /* * Check for BAT entry overflow. */ if (offset > INT64_MAX - s->block_size) { error_report("VHDX BAT entry %" PRIu64 " offset overflow.", i); ret = -EINVAL; if (!errcnt) { break; } (*errcnt)++; } /* * Check if fully allocated BAT entries do not reside after * end of the image file. */ if (offset >= image_file_size) { error_report("VHDX BAT entry %" PRIu64 " start offset %" PRIu64 " points after end of file (%" PRIi64 "). Image" " has probably been truncated.", i, offset, image_file_size); ret = -EINVAL; if (!errcnt) { break; } (*errcnt)++; } else if (offset + block_length > image_file_size) { error_report("VHDX BAT entry %" PRIu64 " end offset %" PRIu64 " points after end of file (%" PRIi64 "). Image" " has probably been truncated.", i, offset + block_length - 1, image_file_size); ret = -EINVAL; if (!errcnt) { break; } (*errcnt)++; } /* * verify populated BAT field file offsets against * region table and log entries */ if (payblocks--) { /* payload bat entries */ int ret2; ret2 = vhdx_region_check(s, offset, s->block_size); if (ret2 < 0) { ret = -EINVAL; if (!errcnt) { break; } (*errcnt)++; } } else { payblocks = s->chunk_ratio; /* * Once differencing files are supported, verify sector bitmap * blocks here */ } } } return ret; } static void vhdx_close(BlockDriverState *bs) { BDRVVHDXState *s = bs->opaque; qemu_vfree(s->headers[0]); s->headers[0] = NULL; qemu_vfree(s->headers[1]); s->headers[1] = NULL; qemu_vfree(s->bat); s->bat = NULL; qemu_vfree(s->parent_entries); s->parent_entries = NULL; migrate_del_blocker(s->migration_blocker); error_free(s->migration_blocker); qemu_vfree(s->log.hdr); s->log.hdr = NULL; vhdx_region_unregister_all(s); } static int vhdx_open(BlockDriverState *bs, QDict *options, int flags, Error **errp) { BDRVVHDXState *s = bs->opaque; int ret = 0; uint32_t i; uint64_t signature; Error *local_err = NULL; bs->file = bdrv_open_child(NULL, options, "file", bs, &child_file, false, errp); if (!bs->file) { return -EINVAL; } s->bat = NULL; s->first_visible_write = true; qemu_co_mutex_init(&s->lock); QLIST_INIT(&s->regions); /* validate the file signature */ ret = bdrv_pread(bs->file, 0, &signature, sizeof(uint64_t)); if (ret < 0) { goto fail; } if (memcmp(&signature, "vhdxfile", 8)) { ret = -EINVAL; goto fail; } /* This is used for any header updates, for the file_write_guid. * The spec dictates that a new value should be used for the first * header update */ vhdx_guid_generate(&s->session_guid); vhdx_parse_header(bs, s, &local_err); if (local_err != NULL) { error_propagate(errp, local_err); ret = -EINVAL; goto fail; } ret = vhdx_parse_log(bs, s, &s->log_replayed_on_open, errp); if (ret < 0) { goto fail; } ret = vhdx_open_region_tables(bs, s); if (ret < 0) { goto fail; } ret = vhdx_parse_metadata(bs, s); if (ret < 0) { goto fail; } s->block_size = s->params.block_size; /* the VHDX spec dictates that virtual_disk_size is always a multiple of * logical_sector_size */ bs->total_sectors = s->virtual_disk_size >> s->logical_sector_size_bits; vhdx_calc_bat_entries(s); s->bat_offset = s->bat_rt.file_offset; if (s->bat_entries > s->bat_rt.length / sizeof(VHDXBatEntry)) { /* BAT allocation is not large enough for all entries */ ret = -EINVAL; goto fail; } /* s->bat is freed in vhdx_close() */ s->bat = qemu_try_blockalign(bs->file->bs, s->bat_rt.length); if (s->bat == NULL) { ret = -ENOMEM; goto fail; } ret = bdrv_pread(bs->file, s->bat_offset, s->bat, s->bat_rt.length); if (ret < 0) { goto fail; } /* endian convert populated BAT field entires */ for (i = 0; i < s->bat_entries; i++) { s->bat[i] = le64_to_cpu(s->bat[i]); } if (!(flags & BDRV_O_CHECK)) { ret = vhdx_check_bat_entries(bs, NULL); if (ret < 0) { goto fail; } } /* Disable migration when VHDX images are used */ error_setg(&s->migration_blocker, "The vhdx format used by node '%s' " "does not support live migration", bdrv_get_device_or_node_name(bs)); ret = migrate_add_blocker(s->migration_blocker, &local_err); if (local_err) { error_propagate(errp, local_err); error_free(s->migration_blocker); goto fail; } /* TODO: differencing files */ return 0; fail: vhdx_close(bs); return ret; } static int vhdx_reopen_prepare(BDRVReopenState *state, BlockReopenQueue *queue, Error **errp) { return 0; } /* * Perform sector to block offset translations, to get various * sector and file offsets into the image. See VHDXSectorInfo */ static void vhdx_block_translate(BDRVVHDXState *s, int64_t sector_num, int nb_sectors, VHDXSectorInfo *sinfo) { uint32_t block_offset; sinfo->bat_idx = sector_num >> s->sectors_per_block_bits; /* effectively a modulo - this gives us the offset into the block * (in sector sizes) for our sector number */ block_offset = sector_num - (sinfo->bat_idx << s->sectors_per_block_bits); /* the chunk ratio gives us the interleaving of the sector * bitmaps, so we need to advance our page block index by the * sector bitmaps entry number */ sinfo->bat_idx += sinfo->bat_idx >> s->chunk_ratio_bits; /* the number of sectors we can read/write in this cycle */ sinfo->sectors_avail = s->sectors_per_block - block_offset; sinfo->bytes_left = sinfo->sectors_avail << s->logical_sector_size_bits; if (sinfo->sectors_avail > nb_sectors) { sinfo->sectors_avail = nb_sectors; } sinfo->bytes_avail = sinfo->sectors_avail << s->logical_sector_size_bits; sinfo->file_offset = s->bat[sinfo->bat_idx] & VHDX_BAT_FILE_OFF_MASK; sinfo->block_offset = block_offset << s->logical_sector_size_bits; /* The file offset must be past the header section, so must be > 0 */ if (sinfo->file_offset == 0) { return; } /* block offset is the offset in vhdx logical sectors, in * the payload data block. Convert that to a byte offset * in the block, and add in the payload data block offset * in the file, in bytes, to get the final read address */ sinfo->file_offset += sinfo->block_offset; } static int vhdx_get_info(BlockDriverState *bs, BlockDriverInfo *bdi) { BDRVVHDXState *s = bs->opaque; bdi->cluster_size = s->block_size; bdi->unallocated_blocks_are_zero = (s->params.data_bits & VHDX_PARAMS_HAS_PARENT) == 0; return 0; } static coroutine_fn int vhdx_co_readv(BlockDriverState *bs, int64_t sector_num, int nb_sectors, QEMUIOVector *qiov) { BDRVVHDXState *s = bs->opaque; int ret = 0; VHDXSectorInfo sinfo; uint64_t bytes_done = 0; QEMUIOVector hd_qiov; qemu_iovec_init(&hd_qiov, qiov->niov); qemu_co_mutex_lock(&s->lock); while (nb_sectors > 0) { /* We are a differencing file, so we need to inspect the sector bitmap * to see if we have the data or not */ if (s->params.data_bits & VHDX_PARAMS_HAS_PARENT) { /* not supported yet */ ret = -ENOTSUP; goto exit; } else { vhdx_block_translate(s, sector_num, nb_sectors, &sinfo); qemu_iovec_reset(&hd_qiov); qemu_iovec_concat(&hd_qiov, qiov, bytes_done, sinfo.bytes_avail); /* check the payload block state */ switch (s->bat[sinfo.bat_idx] & VHDX_BAT_STATE_BIT_MASK) { case PAYLOAD_BLOCK_NOT_PRESENT: /* fall through */ case PAYLOAD_BLOCK_UNDEFINED: case PAYLOAD_BLOCK_UNMAPPED: case PAYLOAD_BLOCK_UNMAPPED_v095: case PAYLOAD_BLOCK_ZERO: /* return zero */ qemu_iovec_memset(&hd_qiov, 0, 0, sinfo.bytes_avail); break; case PAYLOAD_BLOCK_FULLY_PRESENT: qemu_co_mutex_unlock(&s->lock); ret = bdrv_co_preadv(bs->file, sinfo.file_offset, sinfo.sectors_avail * BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE, &hd_qiov, 0); qemu_co_mutex_lock(&s->lock); if (ret < 0) { goto exit; } break; case PAYLOAD_BLOCK_PARTIALLY_PRESENT: /* we don't yet support difference files, fall through * to error */ default: ret = -EIO; goto exit; break; } nb_sectors -= sinfo.sectors_avail; sector_num += sinfo.sectors_avail; bytes_done += sinfo.bytes_avail; } } ret = 0; exit: qemu_co_mutex_unlock(&s->lock); qemu_iovec_destroy(&hd_qiov); return ret; } /* * Allocate a new payload block at the end of the file. * * Allocation will happen at 1MB alignment inside the file * * Returns the file offset start of the new payload block */ static int vhdx_allocate_block(BlockDriverState *bs, BDRVVHDXState *s, uint64_t *new_offset) { int64_t current_len; current_len = bdrv_getlength(bs->file->bs); if (current_len < 0) { return current_len; } *new_offset = current_len; /* per the spec, the address for a block is in units of 1MB */ *new_offset = ROUND_UP(*new_offset, 1 * MiB); if (*new_offset > INT64_MAX) { return -EINVAL; } return bdrv_truncate(bs->file, *new_offset + s->block_size, false, PREALLOC_MODE_OFF, 0, NULL); } /* * Update the BAT table entry with the new file offset, and the new entry * state */ static void vhdx_update_bat_table_entry(BlockDriverState *bs, BDRVVHDXState *s, VHDXSectorInfo *sinfo, uint64_t *bat_entry_le, uint64_t *bat_offset, int state) { /* The BAT entry is a uint64, with 44 bits for the file offset in units of * 1MB, and 3 bits for the block state. */ if ((state == PAYLOAD_BLOCK_ZERO) || (state == PAYLOAD_BLOCK_UNDEFINED) || (state == PAYLOAD_BLOCK_NOT_PRESENT) || (state == PAYLOAD_BLOCK_UNMAPPED)) { s->bat[sinfo->bat_idx] = 0; /* For PAYLOAD_BLOCK_ZERO, the FileOffsetMB field is denoted as 'reserved' in the v1.0 spec. If it is non-zero, MS Hyper-V will fail to read the disk image */ } else { s->bat[sinfo->bat_idx] = sinfo->file_offset; } s->bat[sinfo->bat_idx] |= state & VHDX_BAT_STATE_BIT_MASK; *bat_entry_le = cpu_to_le64(s->bat[sinfo->bat_idx]); *bat_offset = s->bat_offset + sinfo->bat_idx * sizeof(VHDXBatEntry); } /* Per the spec, on the first write of guest-visible data to the file the * data write guid must be updated in the header */ int vhdx_user_visible_write(BlockDriverState *bs, BDRVVHDXState *s) { int ret = 0; if (s->first_visible_write) { s->first_visible_write = false; ret = vhdx_update_headers(bs, s, true, NULL); } return ret; } static coroutine_fn int vhdx_co_writev(BlockDriverState *bs, int64_t sector_num, int nb_sectors, QEMUIOVector *qiov, int flags) { int ret = -ENOTSUP; BDRVVHDXState *s = bs->opaque; VHDXSectorInfo sinfo; uint64_t bytes_done = 0; uint64_t bat_entry = 0; uint64_t bat_entry_offset = 0; QEMUIOVector hd_qiov; struct iovec iov1 = { 0 }; struct iovec iov2 = { 0 }; int sectors_to_write; int bat_state; uint64_t bat_prior_offset = 0; bool bat_update = false; assert(!flags); qemu_iovec_init(&hd_qiov, qiov->niov); qemu_co_mutex_lock(&s->lock); ret = vhdx_user_visible_write(bs, s); if (ret < 0) { goto exit; } while (nb_sectors > 0) { bool use_zero_buffers = false; bat_update = false; if (s->params.data_bits & VHDX_PARAMS_HAS_PARENT) { /* not supported yet */ ret = -ENOTSUP; goto exit; } else { vhdx_block_translate(s, sector_num, nb_sectors, &sinfo); sectors_to_write = sinfo.sectors_avail; qemu_iovec_reset(&hd_qiov); /* check the payload block state */ bat_state = s->bat[sinfo.bat_idx] & VHDX_BAT_STATE_BIT_MASK; switch (bat_state) { case PAYLOAD_BLOCK_ZERO: /* in this case, we need to preserve zero writes for * data that is not part of this write, so we must pad * the rest of the buffer to zeroes */ /* if we are on a posix system with ftruncate() that extends * a file, then it is zero-filled for us. On Win32, the raw * layer uses SetFilePointer and SetFileEnd, which does not * zero fill AFAIK */ /* Queue another write of zero buffers if the underlying file * does not zero-fill on file extension */ if (bdrv_has_zero_init_truncate(bs->file->bs) == 0) { use_zero_buffers = true; /* zero fill the front, if any */ if (sinfo.block_offset) { iov1.iov_len = sinfo.block_offset; iov1.iov_base = qemu_blockalign(bs, iov1.iov_len); memset(iov1.iov_base, 0, iov1.iov_len); qemu_iovec_concat_iov(&hd_qiov, &iov1, 1, 0, iov1.iov_len); sectors_to_write += iov1.iov_len >> BDRV_SECTOR_BITS; } /* our actual data */ qemu_iovec_concat(&hd_qiov, qiov, bytes_done, sinfo.bytes_avail); /* zero fill the back, if any */ if ((sinfo.bytes_avail - sinfo.block_offset) < s->block_size) { iov2.iov_len = s->block_size - (sinfo.bytes_avail + sinfo.block_offset); iov2.iov_base = qemu_blockalign(bs, iov2.iov_len); memset(iov2.iov_base, 0, iov2.iov_len); qemu_iovec_concat_iov(&hd_qiov, &iov2, 1, 0, iov2.iov_len); sectors_to_write += iov2.iov_len >> BDRV_SECTOR_BITS; } } /* fall through */ case PAYLOAD_BLOCK_NOT_PRESENT: /* fall through */ case PAYLOAD_BLOCK_UNMAPPED: case PAYLOAD_BLOCK_UNMAPPED_v095: case PAYLOAD_BLOCK_UNDEFINED: bat_prior_offset = sinfo.file_offset; ret = vhdx_allocate_block(bs, s, &sinfo.file_offset); if (ret < 0) { goto exit; } /* once we support differencing files, this may also be * partially present */ /* update block state to the newly specified state */ vhdx_update_bat_table_entry(bs, s, &sinfo, &bat_entry, &bat_entry_offset, PAYLOAD_BLOCK_FULLY_PRESENT); bat_update = true; /* since we just allocated a block, file_offset is the * beginning of the payload block. It needs to be the * write address, which includes the offset into the block */ if (!use_zero_buffers) { sinfo.file_offset += sinfo.block_offset; } /* fall through */ case PAYLOAD_BLOCK_FULLY_PRESENT: /* if the file offset address is in the header zone, * there is a problem */ if (sinfo.file_offset < (1 * MiB)) { ret = -EFAULT; goto error_bat_restore; } if (!use_zero_buffers) { qemu_iovec_concat(&hd_qiov, qiov, bytes_done, sinfo.bytes_avail); } /* block exists, so we can just overwrite it */ qemu_co_mutex_unlock(&s->lock); ret = bdrv_co_pwritev(bs->file, sinfo.file_offset, sectors_to_write * BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE, &hd_qiov, 0); qemu_co_mutex_lock(&s->lock); if (ret < 0) { goto error_bat_restore; } break; case PAYLOAD_BLOCK_PARTIALLY_PRESENT: /* we don't yet support difference files, fall through * to error */ default: ret = -EIO; goto exit; break; } if (bat_update) { /* this will update the BAT entry into the log journal, and * then flush the log journal out to disk */ ret = vhdx_log_write_and_flush(bs, s, &bat_entry, sizeof(VHDXBatEntry), bat_entry_offset); if (ret < 0) { goto exit; } } nb_sectors -= sinfo.sectors_avail; sector_num += sinfo.sectors_avail; bytes_done += sinfo.bytes_avail; } } goto exit; error_bat_restore: if (bat_update) { /* keep metadata in sync, and restore the bat entry state * if error. */ sinfo.file_offset = bat_prior_offset; vhdx_update_bat_table_entry(bs, s, &sinfo, &bat_entry, &bat_entry_offset, bat_state); } exit: qemu_vfree(iov1.iov_base); qemu_vfree(iov2.iov_base); qemu_co_mutex_unlock(&s->lock); qemu_iovec_destroy(&hd_qiov); return ret; } /* * Create VHDX Headers * * There are 2 headers, and the highest sequence number will represent * the active header */ static int vhdx_create_new_headers(BlockBackend *blk, uint64_t image_size, uint32_t log_size) { BlockDriverState *bs = blk_bs(blk); BdrvChild *child; int ret = 0; VHDXHeader *hdr = NULL; hdr = g_new0(VHDXHeader, 1); hdr->signature = VHDX_HEADER_SIGNATURE; hdr->sequence_number = g_random_int(); hdr->log_version = 0; hdr->version = 1; hdr->log_length = log_size; hdr->log_offset = VHDX_HEADER_SECTION_END; vhdx_guid_generate(&hdr->file_write_guid); vhdx_guid_generate(&hdr->data_write_guid); /* XXX Ugly way to get blk->root, but that's a feature, not a bug. This * hack makes it obvious that vhdx_write_header() bypasses the BlockBackend * here, which it really shouldn't be doing. */ child = QLIST_FIRST(&bs->parents); assert(!QLIST_NEXT(child, next_parent)); ret = vhdx_write_header(child, hdr, VHDX_HEADER1_OFFSET, false); if (ret < 0) { goto exit; } hdr->sequence_number++; ret = vhdx_write_header(child, hdr, VHDX_HEADER2_OFFSET, false); if (ret < 0) { goto exit; } exit: g_free(hdr); return ret; } #define VHDX_METADATA_ENTRY_BUFFER_SIZE \ (sizeof(VHDXFileParameters) +\ sizeof(VHDXVirtualDiskSize) +\ sizeof(VHDXPage83Data) +\ sizeof(VHDXVirtualDiskLogicalSectorSize) +\ sizeof(VHDXVirtualDiskPhysicalSectorSize)) /* * Create the Metadata entries. * * For more details on the entries, see section 3.5 (pg 29) in the * VHDX 1.00 specification. * * We support 5 metadata entries (all required by spec): * File Parameters, * Virtual Disk Size, * Page 83 Data, * Logical Sector Size, * Physical Sector Size * * The first 64KB of the Metadata section is reserved for the metadata * header and entries; beyond that, the metadata items themselves reside. */ static int vhdx_create_new_metadata(BlockBackend *blk, uint64_t image_size, uint32_t block_size, uint32_t sector_size, uint64_t metadata_offset, VHDXImageType type) { int ret = 0; uint32_t offset = 0; void *buffer = NULL; void *entry_buffer; VHDXMetadataTableHeader *md_table; VHDXMetadataTableEntry *md_table_entry; /* Metadata entries */ VHDXFileParameters *mt_file_params; VHDXVirtualDiskSize *mt_virtual_size; VHDXPage83Data *mt_page83; VHDXVirtualDiskLogicalSectorSize *mt_log_sector_size; VHDXVirtualDiskPhysicalSectorSize *mt_phys_sector_size; entry_buffer = g_malloc0(VHDX_METADATA_ENTRY_BUFFER_SIZE); mt_file_params = entry_buffer; offset += sizeof(VHDXFileParameters); mt_virtual_size = entry_buffer + offset; offset += sizeof(VHDXVirtualDiskSize); mt_page83 = entry_buffer + offset; offset += sizeof(VHDXPage83Data); mt_log_sector_size = entry_buffer + offset; offset += sizeof(VHDXVirtualDiskLogicalSectorSize); mt_phys_sector_size = entry_buffer + offset; mt_file_params->block_size = cpu_to_le32(block_size); if (type == VHDX_TYPE_FIXED) { mt_file_params->data_bits |= VHDX_PARAMS_LEAVE_BLOCKS_ALLOCED; mt_file_params->data_bits = cpu_to_le32(mt_file_params->data_bits); } vhdx_guid_generate(&mt_page83->page_83_data); cpu_to_leguids(&mt_page83->page_83_data); mt_virtual_size->virtual_disk_size = cpu_to_le64(image_size); mt_log_sector_size->logical_sector_size = cpu_to_le32(sector_size); mt_phys_sector_size->physical_sector_size = cpu_to_le32(sector_size); buffer = g_malloc0(VHDX_HEADER_BLOCK_SIZE); md_table = buffer; md_table->signature = VHDX_METADATA_SIGNATURE; md_table->entry_count = 5; vhdx_metadata_header_le_export(md_table); /* This will reference beyond the reserved table portion */ offset = 64 * KiB; md_table_entry = buffer + sizeof(VHDXMetadataTableHeader); md_table_entry[0].item_id = file_param_guid; md_table_entry[0].offset = offset; md_table_entry[0].length = sizeof(VHDXFileParameters); md_table_entry[0].data_bits |= VHDX_META_FLAGS_IS_REQUIRED; offset += md_table_entry[0].length; vhdx_metadata_entry_le_export(&md_table_entry[0]); md_table_entry[1].item_id = virtual_size_guid; md_table_entry[1].offset = offset; md_table_entry[1].length = sizeof(VHDXVirtualDiskSize); md_table_entry[1].data_bits |= VHDX_META_FLAGS_IS_REQUIRED | VHDX_META_FLAGS_IS_VIRTUAL_DISK; offset += md_table_entry[1].length; vhdx_metadata_entry_le_export(&md_table_entry[1]); md_table_entry[2].item_id = page83_guid; md_table_entry[2].offset = offset; md_table_entry[2].length = sizeof(VHDXPage83Data); md_table_entry[2].data_bits |= VHDX_META_FLAGS_IS_REQUIRED | VHDX_META_FLAGS_IS_VIRTUAL_DISK; offset += md_table_entry[2].length; vhdx_metadata_entry_le_export(&md_table_entry[2]); md_table_entry[3].item_id = logical_sector_guid; md_table_entry[3].offset = offset; md_table_entry[3].length = sizeof(VHDXVirtualDiskLogicalSectorSize); md_table_entry[3].data_bits |= VHDX_META_FLAGS_IS_REQUIRED | VHDX_META_FLAGS_IS_VIRTUAL_DISK; offset += md_table_entry[3].length; vhdx_metadata_entry_le_export(&md_table_entry[3]); md_table_entry[4].item_id = phys_sector_guid; md_table_entry[4].offset = offset; md_table_entry[4].length = sizeof(VHDXVirtualDiskPhysicalSectorSize); md_table_entry[4].data_bits |= VHDX_META_FLAGS_IS_REQUIRED | VHDX_META_FLAGS_IS_VIRTUAL_DISK; vhdx_metadata_entry_le_export(&md_table_entry[4]); ret = blk_pwrite(blk, metadata_offset, buffer, VHDX_HEADER_BLOCK_SIZE, 0); if (ret < 0) { goto exit; } ret = blk_pwrite(blk, metadata_offset + (64 * KiB), entry_buffer, VHDX_METADATA_ENTRY_BUFFER_SIZE, 0); if (ret < 0) { goto exit; } exit: g_free(buffer); g_free(entry_buffer); return ret; } /* This create the actual BAT itself. We currently only support * 'Dynamic' and 'Fixed' image types. * * Dynamic images: default state of the BAT is all zeroes. * * Fixed images: default state of the BAT is fully populated, with * file offsets and state PAYLOAD_BLOCK_FULLY_PRESENT. */ static int vhdx_create_bat(BlockBackend *blk, BDRVVHDXState *s, uint64_t image_size, VHDXImageType type, bool use_zero_blocks, uint64_t file_offset, uint32_t length, Error **errp) { int ret = 0; uint64_t data_file_offset; uint64_t total_sectors = 0; uint64_t sector_num = 0; uint64_t unused; int block_state; VHDXSectorInfo sinfo; assert(s->bat == NULL); /* this gives a data start after BAT/bitmap entries, and well * past any metadata entries (with a 4 MB buffer for future * expansion */ data_file_offset = file_offset + length + 5 * MiB; total_sectors = image_size >> s->logical_sector_size_bits; if (type == VHDX_TYPE_DYNAMIC) { /* All zeroes, so we can just extend the file - the end of the BAT * is the furthest thing we have written yet */ ret = blk_truncate(blk, data_file_offset, false, PREALLOC_MODE_OFF, 0, errp); if (ret < 0) { goto exit; } } else if (type == VHDX_TYPE_FIXED) { ret = blk_truncate(blk, data_file_offset + image_size, false, PREALLOC_MODE_OFF, 0, errp); if (ret < 0) { goto exit; } } else { error_setg(errp, "Unsupported image type"); ret = -ENOTSUP; goto exit; } if (type == VHDX_TYPE_FIXED || use_zero_blocks || bdrv_has_zero_init(blk_bs(blk)) == 0) { /* for a fixed file, the default BAT entry is not zero */ s->bat = g_try_malloc0(length); if (length && s->bat == NULL) { error_setg(errp, "Failed to allocate memory for the BAT"); ret = -ENOMEM; goto exit; } block_state = type == VHDX_TYPE_FIXED ? PAYLOAD_BLOCK_FULLY_PRESENT : PAYLOAD_BLOCK_NOT_PRESENT; block_state = use_zero_blocks ? PAYLOAD_BLOCK_ZERO : block_state; /* fill the BAT by emulating sector writes of sectors_per_block size */ while (sector_num < total_sectors) { vhdx_block_translate(s, sector_num, s->sectors_per_block, &sinfo); sinfo.file_offset = data_file_offset + (sector_num << s->logical_sector_size_bits); sinfo.file_offset = ROUND_UP(sinfo.file_offset, MiB); vhdx_update_bat_table_entry(blk_bs(blk), s, &sinfo, &unused, &unused, block_state); s->bat[sinfo.bat_idx] = cpu_to_le64(s->bat[sinfo.bat_idx]); sector_num += s->sectors_per_block; } ret = blk_pwrite(blk, file_offset, s->bat, length, 0); if (ret < 0) { error_setg_errno(errp, -ret, "Failed to write the BAT"); goto exit; } } exit: g_free(s->bat); return ret; } /* Creates the region table header, and region table entries. * There are 2 supported region table entries: BAT, and Metadata/ * * As the calculations for the BAT region table are also needed * to create the BAT itself, we will also cause the BAT to be * created. */ static int vhdx_create_new_region_table(BlockBackend *blk, uint64_t image_size, uint32_t block_size, uint32_t sector_size, uint32_t log_size, bool use_zero_blocks, VHDXImageType type, uint64_t *metadata_offset, Error **errp) { int ret = 0; uint32_t offset = 0; void *buffer = NULL; uint64_t bat_file_offset; uint32_t bat_length; BDRVVHDXState *s = NULL; VHDXRegionTableHeader *region_table; VHDXRegionTableEntry *rt_bat; VHDXRegionTableEntry *rt_metadata; assert(metadata_offset != NULL); /* Populate enough of the BDRVVHDXState to be able to use the * pre-existing BAT calculation, translation, and update functions */ s = g_new0(BDRVVHDXState, 1); s->chunk_ratio = (VHDX_MAX_SECTORS_PER_BLOCK) * (uint64_t) sector_size / (uint64_t) block_size; s->sectors_per_block = block_size / sector_size; s->virtual_disk_size = image_size; s->block_size = block_size; s->logical_sector_size = sector_size; vhdx_set_shift_bits(s); vhdx_calc_bat_entries(s); /* At this point the VHDX state is populated enough for creation */ /* a single buffer is used so we can calculate the checksum over the * entire 64KB block */ buffer = g_malloc0(VHDX_HEADER_BLOCK_SIZE); region_table = buffer; offset += sizeof(VHDXRegionTableHeader); rt_bat = buffer + offset; offset += sizeof(VHDXRegionTableEntry); rt_metadata = buffer + offset; region_table->signature = VHDX_REGION_SIGNATURE; region_table->entry_count = 2; /* BAT and Metadata */ rt_bat->guid = bat_guid; rt_bat->length = ROUND_UP(s->bat_entries * sizeof(VHDXBatEntry), MiB); rt_bat->file_offset = ROUND_UP(VHDX_HEADER_SECTION_END + log_size, MiB); s->bat_offset = rt_bat->file_offset; rt_metadata->guid = metadata_guid; rt_metadata->file_offset = ROUND_UP(rt_bat->file_offset + rt_bat->length, MiB); rt_metadata->length = 1 * MiB; /* min size, and more than enough */ *metadata_offset = rt_metadata->file_offset; bat_file_offset = rt_bat->file_offset; bat_length = rt_bat->length; vhdx_region_header_le_export(region_table); vhdx_region_entry_le_export(rt_bat); vhdx_region_entry_le_export(rt_metadata); vhdx_update_checksum(buffer, VHDX_HEADER_BLOCK_SIZE, offsetof(VHDXRegionTableHeader, checksum)); /* The region table gives us the data we need to create the BAT, * so do that now */ ret = vhdx_create_bat(blk, s, image_size, type, use_zero_blocks, bat_file_offset, bat_length, errp); if (ret < 0) { goto exit; } /* Now write out the region headers to disk */ ret = blk_pwrite(blk, VHDX_REGION_TABLE_OFFSET, buffer, VHDX_HEADER_BLOCK_SIZE, 0); if (ret < 0) { error_setg_errno(errp, -ret, "Failed to write first region table"); goto exit; } ret = blk_pwrite(blk, VHDX_REGION_TABLE2_OFFSET, buffer, VHDX_HEADER_BLOCK_SIZE, 0); if (ret < 0) { error_setg_errno(errp, -ret, "Failed to write second region table"); goto exit; } exit: g_free(s); g_free(buffer); return ret; } /* We need to create the following elements: * * .-----------------------------------------------------------------. * | (A) | (B) | (C) | (D) | (E) | * | File ID | Header1 | Header 2 | Region Tbl 1 | Region Tbl 2 | * | | | | | | * .-----------------------------------------------------------------. * 0 64KB 128KB 192KB 256KB 320KB * * * .---- ~ ----------- ~ ------------ ~ ---------------- ~ -----------. * | (F) | (G) | (H) | | * | Journal Log | BAT / Bitmap | Metadata | .... data ...... | * | | | | | * .---- ~ ----------- ~ ------------ ~ ---------------- ~ -----------. * 1MB */ static int coroutine_fn vhdx_co_create(BlockdevCreateOptions *opts, Error **errp) { BlockdevCreateOptionsVhdx *vhdx_opts; BlockBackend *blk = NULL; BlockDriverState *bs = NULL; int ret = 0; uint64_t image_size; uint32_t log_size; uint32_t block_size; uint64_t signature; uint64_t metadata_offset; bool use_zero_blocks = false; gunichar2 *creator = NULL; glong creator_items; VHDXImageType image_type; assert(opts->driver == BLOCKDEV_DRIVER_VHDX); vhdx_opts = &opts->u.vhdx; /* Validate options and set default values */ image_size = vhdx_opts->size; if (image_size > VHDX_MAX_IMAGE_SIZE) { error_setg(errp, "Image size too large; max of 64TB"); return -EINVAL; } if (!vhdx_opts->has_log_size) { log_size = DEFAULT_LOG_SIZE; } else { if (vhdx_opts->log_size > UINT32_MAX) { error_setg(errp, "Log size must be smaller than 4 GB"); return -EINVAL; } log_size = vhdx_opts->log_size; } if (log_size < MiB || (log_size % MiB) != 0) { error_setg(errp, "Log size must be a multiple of 1 MB"); return -EINVAL; } if (!vhdx_opts->has_block_state_zero) { use_zero_blocks = true; } else { use_zero_blocks = vhdx_opts->block_state_zero; } if (!vhdx_opts->has_subformat) { vhdx_opts->subformat = BLOCKDEV_VHDX_SUBFORMAT_DYNAMIC; } switch (vhdx_opts->subformat) { case BLOCKDEV_VHDX_SUBFORMAT_DYNAMIC: image_type = VHDX_TYPE_DYNAMIC; break; case BLOCKDEV_VHDX_SUBFORMAT_FIXED: image_type = VHDX_TYPE_FIXED; break; default: g_assert_not_reached(); } /* These are pretty arbitrary, and mainly designed to keep the BAT * size reasonable to load into RAM */ if (vhdx_opts->has_block_size) { block_size = vhdx_opts->block_size; } else { if (image_size > 32 * TiB) { block_size = 64 * MiB; } else if (image_size > (uint64_t) 100 * GiB) { block_size = 32 * MiB; } else if (image_size > 1 * GiB) { block_size = 16 * MiB; } else { block_size = 8 * MiB; } } if (block_size < MiB || (block_size % MiB) != 0) { error_setg(errp, "Block size must be a multiple of 1 MB"); return -EINVAL; } if (!is_power_of_2(block_size)) { error_setg(errp, "Block size must be a power of two"); return -EINVAL; } if (block_size > VHDX_BLOCK_SIZE_MAX) { error_setg(errp, "Block size must not exceed %" PRId64, VHDX_BLOCK_SIZE_MAX); return -EINVAL; } /* Create BlockBackend to write to the image */ bs = bdrv_open_blockdev_ref(vhdx_opts->file, errp); if (bs == NULL) { return -EIO; } blk = blk_new_with_bs(bs, BLK_PERM_WRITE | BLK_PERM_RESIZE, BLK_PERM_ALL, errp); if (!blk) { ret = -EPERM; goto delete_and_exit; } blk_set_allow_write_beyond_eof(blk, true); /* Create (A) */ /* The creator field is optional, but may be useful for * debugging / diagnostics */ creator = g_utf8_to_utf16("QEMU v" QEMU_VERSION, -1, NULL, &creator_items, NULL); signature = cpu_to_le64(VHDX_FILE_SIGNATURE); ret = blk_pwrite(blk, VHDX_FILE_ID_OFFSET, &signature, sizeof(signature), 0); if (ret < 0) { error_setg_errno(errp, -ret, "Failed to write file signature"); goto delete_and_exit; } if (creator) { ret = blk_pwrite(blk, VHDX_FILE_ID_OFFSET + sizeof(signature), creator, creator_items * sizeof(gunichar2), 0); if (ret < 0) { error_setg_errno(errp, -ret, "Failed to write creator field"); goto delete_and_exit; } } /* Creates (B),(C) */ ret = vhdx_create_new_headers(blk, image_size, log_size); if (ret < 0) { error_setg_errno(errp, -ret, "Failed to write image headers"); goto delete_and_exit; } /* Creates (D),(E),(G) explicitly. (F) created as by-product */ ret = vhdx_create_new_region_table(blk, image_size, block_size, 512, log_size, use_zero_blocks, image_type, &metadata_offset, errp); if (ret < 0) { goto delete_and_exit; } /* Creates (H) */ ret = vhdx_create_new_metadata(blk, image_size, block_size, 512, metadata_offset, image_type); if (ret < 0) { error_setg_errno(errp, -ret, "Failed to initialize metadata"); goto delete_and_exit; } ret = 0; delete_and_exit: blk_unref(blk); bdrv_unref(bs); g_free(creator); return ret; } static int coroutine_fn vhdx_co_create_opts(BlockDriver *drv, const char *filename, QemuOpts *opts, Error **errp) { BlockdevCreateOptions *create_options = NULL; QDict *qdict; Visitor *v; BlockDriverState *bs = NULL; Error *local_err = NULL; int ret; static const QDictRenames opt_renames[] = { { VHDX_BLOCK_OPT_LOG_SIZE, "log-size" }, { VHDX_BLOCK_OPT_BLOCK_SIZE, "block-size" }, { VHDX_BLOCK_OPT_ZERO, "block-state-zero" }, { NULL, NULL }, }; /* Parse options and convert legacy syntax */ qdict = qemu_opts_to_qdict_filtered(opts, NULL, &vhdx_create_opts, true); if (!qdict_rename_keys(qdict, opt_renames, errp)) { ret = -EINVAL; goto fail; } /* Create and open the file (protocol layer) */ ret = bdrv_create_file(filename, opts, &local_err); if (ret < 0) { error_propagate(errp, local_err); goto fail; } bs = bdrv_open(filename, NULL, NULL, BDRV_O_RDWR | BDRV_O_RESIZE | BDRV_O_PROTOCOL, errp); if (bs == NULL) { ret = -EIO; goto fail; } /* Now get the QAPI type BlockdevCreateOptions */ qdict_put_str(qdict, "driver", "vhdx"); qdict_put_str(qdict, "file", bs->node_name); v = qobject_input_visitor_new_flat_confused(qdict, errp); if (!v) { ret = -EINVAL; goto fail; } visit_type_BlockdevCreateOptions(v, NULL, &create_options, &local_err); visit_free(v); if (local_err) { error_propagate(errp, local_err); ret = -EINVAL; goto fail; } /* Silently round up sizes: * The image size is rounded to 512 bytes. Make the block and log size * close to what was specified, but must be at least 1MB, and a multiple of * 1 MB. Also respect VHDX_BLOCK_SIZE_MAX for block sizes. block_size = 0 * means auto, which is represented by a missing key in QAPI. */ assert(create_options->driver == BLOCKDEV_DRIVER_VHDX); create_options->u.vhdx.size = ROUND_UP(create_options->u.vhdx.size, BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE); if (create_options->u.vhdx.has_log_size) { create_options->u.vhdx.log_size = ROUND_UP(create_options->u.vhdx.log_size, MiB); } if (create_options->u.vhdx.has_block_size) { create_options->u.vhdx.block_size = ROUND_UP(create_options->u.vhdx.block_size, MiB); if (create_options->u.vhdx.block_size == 0) { create_options->u.vhdx.has_block_size = false; } if (create_options->u.vhdx.block_size > VHDX_BLOCK_SIZE_MAX) { create_options->u.vhdx.block_size = VHDX_BLOCK_SIZE_MAX; } } /* Create the vhdx image (format layer) */ ret = vhdx_co_create(create_options, errp); fail: qobject_unref(qdict); bdrv_unref(bs); qapi_free_BlockdevCreateOptions(create_options); return ret; } /* If opened r/w, the VHDX driver will automatically replay the log, * if one is present, inside the vhdx_open() call. * * If qemu-img check -r all is called, the image is automatically opened * r/w and any log has already been replayed, so there is nothing (currently) * for us to do here */ static int coroutine_fn vhdx_co_check(BlockDriverState *bs, BdrvCheckResult *result, BdrvCheckMode fix) { BDRVVHDXState *s = bs->opaque; if (s->log_replayed_on_open) { result->corruptions_fixed++; } vhdx_check_bat_entries(bs, &result->corruptions); return 0; } static int vhdx_has_zero_init(BlockDriverState *bs) { BDRVVHDXState *s = bs->opaque; int state; /* * Check the subformat: Fixed images have all BAT entries present, * dynamic images have none (right after creation). It is * therefore enough to check the first BAT entry. */ if (!s->bat_entries) { return 1; } state = s->bat[0] & VHDX_BAT_STATE_BIT_MASK; if (state == PAYLOAD_BLOCK_FULLY_PRESENT) { /* Fixed subformat */ return bdrv_has_zero_init(bs->file->bs); } /* Dynamic subformat */ return 1; } static QemuOptsList vhdx_create_opts = { .name = "vhdx-create-opts", .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(vhdx_create_opts.head), .desc = { { .name = BLOCK_OPT_SIZE, .type = QEMU_OPT_SIZE, .help = "Virtual disk size; max of 64TB." }, { .name = VHDX_BLOCK_OPT_LOG_SIZE, .type = QEMU_OPT_SIZE, .def_value_str = stringify(DEFAULT_LOG_SIZE), .help = "Log size; min 1MB." }, { .name = VHDX_BLOCK_OPT_BLOCK_SIZE, .type = QEMU_OPT_SIZE, .def_value_str = stringify(0), .help = "Block Size; min 1MB, max 256MB. " "0 means auto-calculate based on image size." }, { .name = BLOCK_OPT_SUBFMT, .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING, .help = "VHDX format type, can be either 'dynamic' or 'fixed'. " "Default is 'dynamic'." }, { .name = VHDX_BLOCK_OPT_ZERO, .type = QEMU_OPT_BOOL, .help = "Force use of payload blocks of type 'ZERO'. " "Non-standard, but default. Do not set to 'off' when " "using 'qemu-img convert' with subformat=dynamic." }, { NULL } } }; static BlockDriver bdrv_vhdx = { .format_name = "vhdx", .instance_size = sizeof(BDRVVHDXState), .bdrv_probe = vhdx_probe, .bdrv_open = vhdx_open, .bdrv_close = vhdx_close, .bdrv_reopen_prepare = vhdx_reopen_prepare, .bdrv_child_perm = bdrv_format_default_perms, .bdrv_co_readv = vhdx_co_readv, .bdrv_co_writev = vhdx_co_writev, .bdrv_co_create = vhdx_co_create, .bdrv_co_create_opts = vhdx_co_create_opts, .bdrv_get_info = vhdx_get_info, .bdrv_co_check = vhdx_co_check, .bdrv_has_zero_init = vhdx_has_zero_init, .create_opts = &vhdx_create_opts, }; static void bdrv_vhdx_init(void) { bdrv_register(&bdrv_vhdx); } block_init(bdrv_vhdx_init);