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2025-02-25rust: pl011, qemu_api tests: do not use ClassInitImplPaolo Bonzini1-21/+12
Outside the qemu_api crate, orphan rules make the usage of ClassInitImpl unwieldy. Now that it is optional, do not use it. For PL011Class, this makes it easier to provide a PL011Impl trait similar to the ones in the qemu_api crate. The device id consts are moved there. Reviewed-by: Zhao Liu <zhao1.liu@intel.com> Signed-off-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
2025-02-25rust: qom: add ObjectImpl::CLASS_INITPaolo Bonzini2-3/+14
As shown in the PL011 device, the orphan rules required a manual implementation of ClassInitImpl for anything not in the qemu_api crate; this gets in the way of moving system emulation-specific code (including DeviceClass, which as a blanket ClassInitImpl<DeviceClass> implementation) into its own crate. Make ClassInitImpl optional, at the cost of having to specify the CLASS_INIT member by hand in every implementation of ObjectImpl. The next commits will get rid of it, replacing all the "impl<T> ClassInitImpl<Class> for T" blocks with a generic class_init<T> method on Class. Right now the definition is always the same, but do not provide a default as that will not be true once ClassInitImpl goes away. Reviewed-by: Zhao Liu <zhao1.liu@intel.com> Signed-off-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
2025-02-25rust: add SysBusDeviceImplPaolo Bonzini1-3/+5
The only function, right now, is to ensure that anything with a SysBusDeviceClass class is a SysBusDevice. Reviewed-by: Zhao Liu <zhao1.liu@intel.com> Signed-off-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
2025-02-25rust: add IsA bounds to QOM implementation traitsPaolo Bonzini2-2/+4
Check that the right bounds are provided to the qom_isa! macro whenever the class is defined to implement a certain class. This removes the need to add IsA<> bounds together with the *Impl trait bounds. Reviewed-by: Zhao Liu <zhao1.liu@intel.com> Signed-off-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
2025-02-25rust: prefer importing std::ptr over core::ptrZhao Liu1-2/+1
The std::ptr is same as core::ptr, but std has already been used in many cases and there's no need to choose non-std library. So, use std::ptr directly to make the used ptr library as consistent as possible. Signed-off-by: Zhao Liu <zhao1.liu@intel.com> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20250218080835.3341082-1-zhao1.liu@intel.com Signed-off-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
2025-02-25rust: tests: do not import bindings::*Paolo Bonzini1-1/+2
Similar to the devices, spell the exact set of C functions that are called directly. Signed-off-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
2025-02-25rust: add module to convert between success/-errno and io::ResultPaolo Bonzini5-0/+380
It is a common convention in QEMU to return a positive value in case of success, and a negated errno value in case of error. Unfortunately, using errno portably in Rust is a bit complicated; on Unix the errno values are supported natively by io::Error, but on Windows they are not; so, use the libc crate. This is a set of utility functions that are used by both chardev and block layer bindings. Signed-off-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
2025-02-25rust: subprojects: add libc cratePaolo Bonzini1-0/+1
This allows access to errno values. Reviewed-by: Zhao Liu <zhao1.liu@intel.com> Signed-off-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
2025-02-13rust: fix doctestsPaolo Bonzini2-2/+2
Doctests were not being run by CI, and have broken. Fix them. Signed-off-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
2025-02-13rust: vmstate: remove redundant link targetsPaolo Bonzini1-3/+2
Signed-off-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
2025-02-13rust: qemu_api: add a documentation header for all modulesPaolo Bonzini7-0/+27
Signed-off-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
2025-02-13rust/timer/hpet: define hpet_fw_cfgZhao Liu1-2/+4
Define HPETFwEntry structure with the same memory layout as hpet_fw_entry in C. Further, define the global hpet_cfg variable in Rust which is the same as the C version. This hpet_cfg variable in Rust will replace the C version one and allows both Rust code and C code to access it. The Rust version of hpet_cfg is self-contained, avoiding unsafe access to C code. Signed-off-by: Zhao Liu <zhao1.liu@intel.com> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20250210030051.2562726-8-zhao1.liu@intel.com Signed-off-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
2025-02-13rust: add bindings for timerZhao Liu3-0/+100
Add timer bindings to help handle idiomatic Rust callbacks. Additionally, wrap QEMUClockType in ClockType binding to avoid unsafe calls in device code. Signed-off-by: Zhao Liu <zhao1.liu@intel.com> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20250210030051.2562726-7-zhao1.liu@intel.com Signed-off-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
2025-02-13rust: add bindings for memattrsZhao Liu2-2/+15
The MemTxAttrs structure contains bitfield members, and bindgen is unable to generate an equivalent macro definition for MEMTXATTRS_UNSPECIFIED. Therefore, manually define a global constant variable MEMTXATTRS_UNSPECIFIED to support calls from Rust code. Signed-off-by: Zhao Liu <zhao1.liu@intel.com> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20250125125137.1223277-6-zhao1.liu@intel.com Signed-off-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
2025-02-13rust: add bindings for gpio_{in|out} initializationZhao Liu2-5/+43
Wrap qdev_init_gpio_{in|out} as methods in DeviceMethods. And for qdev_init_gpio_in, based on FnCall, it can support idiomatic Rust callback without the need for C style wrapper. Signed-off-by: Zhao Liu <zhao1.liu@intel.com> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20250210030051.2562726-5-zhao1.liu@intel.com Signed-off-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
2025-02-13rust/irq: Add a helper to convert [InterruptSource] to pointerZhao Liu1-0/+6
This is useful when taking an InterruptSource slice and passing it to C function. Suggested-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Zhao Liu <zhao1.liu@intel.com> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20250210030051.2562726-4-zhao1.liu@intel.com Signed-off-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
2025-02-13rust/qdev: add the macro to define bit propertyZhao Liu1-0/+12
HPET device (Rust device) needs to define the bit type property. Add a variant of define_property macro to define bit type property. Signed-off-by: Zhao Liu <zhao1.liu@intel.com> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20250210030051.2562726-3-zhao1.liu@intel.com Signed-off-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
2025-02-13rust: pl011: convert pl011_create to safe RustPaolo Bonzini1-3/+31
Not a major change but, as a small but significant step in creating qdev bindings, show how pl011_create can be written without "unsafe" calls (apart from converting pointers to references). This also provides a starting point for creating Error** bindings. Reviewed-by: Zhao Liu <zhao1.liu@intel.com> Signed-off-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
2025-02-13rust: chardev, qdev: add bindings to qdev_prop_set_chrPaolo Bonzini4-0/+30
Because the argument to the function is an Owned<Chardev>, this also adds an ObjectType implementation to Chardev. Reviewed-by: Zhao Liu <zhao1.liu@intel.com> Signed-off-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
2025-02-13rust: irq: define ObjectType for IRQStatePaolo Bonzini1-3/+12
This is a small preparation in order to use an Owned<IRQState> for the argument to sysbus_connect_irq. Signed-off-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
2025-02-13rust: bindings for MemoryRegionOpsPaolo Bonzini5-3/+198
Reviewed-by: Zhao Liu <zhao1.liu@intel.com> Signed-off-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
2025-02-13rust: bindings: add Send and Sync markers for types that have bindingsPaolo Bonzini2-0/+49
This is needed for the MemoryRegionOps<T> to be declared as static; Rust requires static elements to be Sync. Reviewed-by: Zhao Liu <zhao1.liu@intel.com> Signed-off-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
2025-02-13rust: qdev: switch from legacy reset to ResettablePaolo Bonzini2-25/+91
Reviewed-by: Zhao Liu <zhao1.liu@intel.com> Signed-off-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
2025-02-13rust: qdev: make ObjectImpl a supertrait of DeviceImplPaolo Bonzini1-2/+2
In practice it has to be implemented always in order to access an implementation of ClassInitImpl<ObjectClass>. Make the relationship explicit in the code. Reviewed-by: Zhao Liu <zhao1.liu@intel.com> Signed-off-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
2025-02-13rust: qom: allow initializing interface vtablesPaolo Bonzini2-2/+44
Unlike regular classes, interface vtables can only be obtained via object_class_dynamic_cast. Provide a wrapper that allows accessing the vtable and pass it to a ClassInitImpl implementation, for example ClassInitImpl<ResettableClass>. Reviewed-by: Zhao Liu <zhao1.liu@intel.com> Signed-off-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
2025-02-13rust: qdev: add clock creationPaolo Bonzini3-5/+108
Add a Rust version of qdev_init_clock_in, which can be used in instance_init. There are a couple differences with the C version: - in Rust the object keeps its own reference to the clock (in addition to the one embedded in the NamedClockList), and the reference is dropped automatically by instance_finalize(); this is encoded in the signature of DeviceClassMethods::init_clock_in, which makes the lifetime of the clock independent of that of the object it holds. This goes unnoticed in the C version and is due to the existence of aliases. - also, anything that happens during instance_init uses the pinned_init framework to operate on a partially initialized object, and is done through class methods (i.e. through DeviceClassMethods rather than DeviceMethods) because the device does not exist yet. Therefore, Rust code *must* create clocks from instance_init, which is stricter than C. Reviewed-by: Zhao Liu <zhao1.liu@intel.com> Signed-off-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
2025-02-13rust: callbacks: allow passing optional callbacks as ()Paolo Bonzini1-0/+97
In some cases, callbacks are optional. Using "Some(function)" and "None" does not work well, because when someone writes "None" the compiler does not know what to use for "F" in "Option<F>". Therefore, adopt () to mean a "null" callback. It is possible to enforce that a callback is valid by adding a "let _: () = F::ASSERT_IS_SOME" before the invocation of F::call. Reviewed-by: Zhao Liu <zhao1.liu@intel.com> Signed-off-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
2025-02-13rust: qom: add object creation functionalityPaolo Bonzini3-24/+35
The basic object lifecycle test can now be implemented using safe code! Reviewed-by: Zhao Liu <zhao1.liu@intel.com> Signed-off-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
2025-02-13rust: qom: add reference counting functionalityPaolo Bonzini3-7/+178
Add a smart pointer that allows to add and remove references from QOM objects. It's important to note that while all QOM objects have a reference count, in practice not all of them have their lifetime guarded by it. Embedded objects, specifically, are confined to the lifetime of the owner. When writing Rust bindings this is important, because embedded objects are *never* used through the "Owned<>" smart pointer that is introduced here. Reviewed-by: Zhao Liu <zhao1.liu@intel.com> Signed-off-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
2025-02-10rust: restrict missing_const_for_fn to qemu_api cratePaolo Bonzini1-0/+1
missing_const_for_fn is not necessarily useful or good. For example in a private API you can always add const later, and in a public API it can be unnecessarily restrictive to annotate everything with const (blocking further improvements to the API). Nevertheless, QEMU turns it on because qemu_api uses const quite aggressively and therefore it can be handy to have as much as possible annotated with const. Outside qemu_api though, not so much: devices are self contained consumers and if there is nothing that could use their functions in const contexts that were not anticipated. Since missing_const_for_fn can be a bit noisy and trigger on trivial functions that no one would ever call in const context, do not turn it on everywhere and only keep it in qemu_api as a special case. Signed-off-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
2025-02-07rust: include rust_version in Cargo.tomlPaolo Bonzini1-0/+1
Tell clippy the minimum supported Rust version for QEMU. Signed-off-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
2025-01-28rust: qemu-api: add sub-subclass to the integration testsZhao Liu1-3/+53
Signed-off-by: Zhao Liu <zhao1.liu@intel.com> Signed-off-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
2025-01-28rust/zeroable: Implement Zeroable with const_zero macroZhao Liu1-76/+61
The `const_zero` crate provides a nice macro to zero type-specific constants, which doesn't need to enumerates the fields one by one. Introduce the `const_zero` macro to QEMU (along with its documentation), and use it to simplify the implementation of `Zeroable` trait. Suggested-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Zhao Liu <zhao1.liu@intel.com> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20250123163143.679841-1-zhao1.liu@intel.com Signed-off-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
2025-01-28rust: qdev: make reset take a shared referencePaolo Bonzini1-1/+1
Because register reset is within a borrow_mut() call, reset does not need anymore a mut reference to the PL011State. Reviewed-by: Zhao Liu <zhao1.liu@intel.com> Signed-off-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
2025-01-23rust: prefer NonNull::new to assertionsPaolo Bonzini2-15/+18
Do not use new_unchecked; the effect is the same, but the code is easier to read and unsafe regions become smaller. Likewise, NonNull::new can be used instead of assertion and followed by as_ref() or as_mut() instead of dereferencing the pointer. Suggested-by: Zhao Liu <zhao1.liu@intel.com> Signed-off-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
2025-01-23rust: vmstate: make order of parameters consistent in vmstate_clockPaolo Bonzini1-1/+1
Place struct_name before field_name, similar to offset_of. Signed-off-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
2025-01-23rust: vmstate: remove translation of C vmstate macrosPaolo Bonzini1-251/+23
Keep vmstate_clock!; because it uses a field of type VMStateDescription, it cannot be converted to the VMState trait without access to the const_refs_static feature. Reviewed-by: Zhao Liu <zhao1.liu@intel.com> Signed-off-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
2025-01-23rust: qemu_api: add vmstate_structPaolo Bonzini1-0/+33
It is not type safe, but it's the best that can be done without const_refs_static. It can also be used with BqlCell and BqlRefCell. Signed-off-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
2025-01-23rust: vmstate: add public utility macros to implement VMStatePaolo Bonzini1-3/+58
Reviewed-by: Zhao Liu <zhao1.liu@intel.com> Signed-off-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
2025-01-23rust: vmstate: implement VMState for scalar typesPaolo Bonzini1-2/+126
Scalar types are those that have their own VMStateInfo. This poses a problem in that references to VMStateInfo can only be included in associated consts starting with Rust 1.83.0, when the const_refs_static was stabilized. Removing the requirement is done by placing a limited list of VMStateInfos in an enum, and going from enum to &VMStateInfo only when building the VMStateField. The same thing cannot be done with VMS_STRUCT because the set of VMStateDescriptions extends to structs defined by the devices. Therefore, structs and cells cannot yet use vmstate_of!. Signed-off-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
2025-01-23rust: vmstate: implement Zeroable for VMStateFieldPaolo Bonzini2-15/+34
This shortens a bit the constants. Do not bother using it in the vmstate macros since most of them will go away soon. Reviewed-by: Zhao Liu <zhao1.liu@intel.com> Signed-off-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
2025-01-23rust: vmstate: add varray support to vmstate_of!Paolo Bonzini1-2/+40
Signed-off-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
2025-01-23rust: vmstate: implement VMState for non-leaf typesPaolo Bonzini1-1/+78
Arrays, pointers and cells use a VMStateField that is based on that for the inner type. The implementation therefore delegates to the VMState implementation of the inner type. Signed-off-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
2025-01-23rust: vmstate: add new type safe implementationPaolo Bonzini2-6/+109
The existing translation of the C macros for vmstate does not make any attempt to type-check vmstate declarations against the struct, so introduce a new system that computes VMStateField based on the actual struct declaration. Macros do not have full access to the type system, therefore a full implementation of this scheme requires a helper trait to analyze the type and produce a VMStateField from it; a macro "vmstate_of!" accepts arguments similar to "offset_of!" and tricks the compiler into looking up the trait for the right type. The patch introduces not just vmstate_of!, but also the slightly too clever enabling macro call_func_with_field!. The particular trick used here was proposed on the users.rust-lang.org forum, so I take no merit and all the blame. Introduce the trait and some functions to access it; the actual implementation comes later. Reviewed-by: Zhao Liu <zhao1.liu@intel.com> Signed-off-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
2025-01-23rust/qdev: Make REALIZE safeZhao Liu1-1/+1
A safe REALIZE accepts immutable reference. Since current PL011's realize() only calls a char binding function ( qemu_chr_fe_set_handlers), it is possible to convert mutable reference (&mut self) to immutable reference (&self), which only needs to convert the pointers passed to C to mutable pointers. Thus, make REALIZE accept immutable reference. Signed-off-by: Zhao Liu <zhao1.liu@intel.com> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20250121140457.84631-2-zhao1.liu@intel.com Signed-off-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
2025-01-10rust: qdev: expose inherited methods to subclasses of SysBusDevicePaolo Bonzini3-10/+12
The ObjectDeref trait now provides all the magic that is required to fake inheritance. Replace the "impl SysBusDevice" block of qemu_api::sysbus with a trait, so that sysbus_init_irq() can be invoked as "self.init_irq()" without any intermediate upcast. Reviewed-by: Zhao Liu <zhao1.liu@intel.com> Signed-off-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
2025-01-10rust: qom: make INSTANCE_POST_INIT take a shared referencePaolo Bonzini1-6/+2
Reviewed-by: Zhao Liu <zhao1.liu@intel.com> Signed-off-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
2025-01-10rust: pl011: only leave embedded object initialization in instance_initPaolo Bonzini1-0/+12
Leave IRQ and MMIO initialization to instance_post_init. In Rust the two callbacks are more distinct, because only instance_post_init has a fully initialized object available. While at it, add a wrapper for sysbus_init_mmio so that accesses to the SysBusDevice correctly use shared references. Reviewed-by: Zhao Liu <zhao1.liu@intel.com> Signed-off-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
2025-01-10rust: qom: automatically use Drop trait to implement instance_finalizePaolo Bonzini1-2/+11
Replace the customizable INSTANCE_FINALIZE with a generic function that drops the Rust object. Reviewed-by: Zhao Liu <zhao1.liu@intel.com> Signed-off-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
2025-01-10rust: add a utility module for compile-time type checksPaolo Bonzini3-0/+92
It is relatively common in the low-level qemu_api code to assert that a field of a struct has a specific type; for example, it can be used to ensure that the fields match what the qemu_api and C code expects for safety. Reviewed-by: Zhao Liu <zhao1.liu@intel.com> Signed-off-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>