diff options
Diffstat (limited to 'rust/qemu-api/src/qom.rs')
| -rw-r--r-- | rust/qemu-api/src/qom.rs | 330 |
1 files changed, 304 insertions, 26 deletions
diff --git a/rust/qemu-api/src/qom.rs b/rust/qemu-api/src/qom.rs index 7d5fbef..3d5ab2d 100644 --- a/rust/qemu-api/src/qom.rs +++ b/rust/qemu-api/src/qom.rs @@ -55,13 +55,22 @@ use std::{ ffi::CStr, + fmt, + mem::ManuallyDrop, ops::{Deref, DerefMut}, os::raw::c_void, + ptr::NonNull, }; pub use bindings::{Object, ObjectClass}; -use crate::bindings::{self, object_dynamic_cast, object_get_class, object_get_typename, TypeInfo}; +use crate::{ + bindings::{ + self, object_class_dynamic_cast, object_dynamic_cast, object_get_class, + object_get_typename, object_new, object_ref, object_unref, TypeInfo, + }, + cell::bql_locked, +}; /// Marker trait: `Self` can be statically upcasted to `P` (i.e. `P` is a direct /// or indirect parent of `Self`). @@ -105,32 +114,91 @@ macro_rules! qom_isa { }; } +/// This is the same as [`ManuallyDrop<T>`](std::mem::ManuallyDrop), though +/// it hides the standard methods of `ManuallyDrop`. +/// +/// The first field of an `ObjectType` must be of type `ParentField<T>`. +/// (Technically, this is only necessary if there is at least one Rust +/// superclass in the hierarchy). This is to ensure that the parent field is +/// dropped after the subclass; this drop order is enforced by the C +/// `object_deinit` function. +/// +/// # Examples +/// +/// ```ignore +/// #[repr(C)] +/// #[derive(qemu_api_macros::Object)] +/// pub struct MyDevice { +/// parent: ParentField<DeviceState>, +/// ... +/// } +/// ``` +#[derive(Debug)] +#[repr(transparent)] +pub struct ParentField<T: ObjectType>(std::mem::ManuallyDrop<T>); + +impl<T: ObjectType> Deref for ParentField<T> { + type Target = T; + + #[inline(always)] + fn deref(&self) -> &Self::Target { + &self.0 + } +} + +impl<T: ObjectType> DerefMut for ParentField<T> { + #[inline(always)] + fn deref_mut(&mut self) -> &mut Self::Target { + &mut self.0 + } +} + +impl<T: fmt::Display + ObjectType> fmt::Display for ParentField<T> { + #[inline(always)] + fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> Result<(), fmt::Error> { + self.0.fmt(f) + } +} + unsafe extern "C" fn rust_instance_init<T: ObjectImpl>(obj: *mut Object) { + let mut state = NonNull::new(obj).unwrap().cast::<T>(); // SAFETY: obj is an instance of T, since rust_instance_init<T> // is called from QOM core as the instance_init function // for class T - unsafe { T::INSTANCE_INIT.unwrap()(&mut *obj.cast::<T>()) } + unsafe { + T::INSTANCE_INIT.unwrap()(state.as_mut()); + } } unsafe extern "C" fn rust_instance_post_init<T: ObjectImpl>(obj: *mut Object) { + let state = NonNull::new(obj).unwrap().cast::<T>(); // SAFETY: obj is an instance of T, since rust_instance_post_init<T> // is called from QOM core as the instance_post_init function // for class T - // - // FIXME: it's not really guaranteed that there are no backpointers to - // obj; it's quite possible that they have been created by instance_init(). - // The receiver should be &self, not &mut self. - T::INSTANCE_POST_INIT.unwrap()(unsafe { &mut *obj.cast::<T>() }) + T::INSTANCE_POST_INIT.unwrap()(unsafe { state.as_ref() }); } unsafe extern "C" fn rust_class_init<T: ObjectType + ClassInitImpl<T::Class>>( klass: *mut ObjectClass, _data: *mut c_void, ) { + let mut klass = NonNull::new(klass) + .unwrap() + .cast::<<T as ObjectType>::Class>(); // SAFETY: klass is a T::Class, since rust_class_init<T> // is called from QOM core as the class_init function // for class T - T::class_init(unsafe { &mut *klass.cast::<T::Class>() }) + T::class_init(unsafe { klass.as_mut() }) +} + +unsafe extern "C" fn drop_object<T: ObjectImpl>(obj: *mut Object) { + // SAFETY: obj is an instance of T, since drop_object<T> is called + // from the QOM core function object_deinit() as the instance_finalize + // function for class T. Note that while object_deinit() will drop the + // superclass field separately after this function returns, `T` must + // implement the unsafe trait ObjectType; the safety rules for the + // trait mandate that the parent field is manually dropped. + unsafe { std::ptr::drop_in_place(obj.cast::<T>()) } } /// Trait exposed by all structs corresponding to QOM objects. @@ -151,11 +219,16 @@ unsafe extern "C" fn rust_class_init<T: ObjectType + ClassInitImpl<T::Class>>( /// /// - the struct must be `#[repr(C)]`; /// -/// - the first field of the struct must be of the instance struct corresponding -/// to the superclass, which is `ObjectImpl::ParentType` +/// - the first field of the struct must be of type +/// [`ParentField<T>`](ParentField), where `T` is the parent type +/// [`ObjectImpl::ParentType`] /// -/// - likewise, the first field of the `Class` must be of the class struct -/// corresponding to the superclass, which is `ObjectImpl::ParentType::Class`. +/// - the first field of the `Class` must be of the class struct corresponding +/// to the superclass, which is `ObjectImpl::ParentType::Class`. `ParentField` +/// is not needed here. +/// +/// In both cases, having a separate class type is not necessary if the subclass +/// does not add any field. pub unsafe trait ObjectType: Sized { /// The QOM class object corresponding to this struct. This is used /// to automatically generate a `class_init` method. @@ -190,6 +263,47 @@ pub unsafe trait ObjectType: Sized { } } +/// Trait exposed by all structs corresponding to QOM interfaces. +/// Unlike `ObjectType`, it is implemented on the class type (which provides +/// the vtable for the interfaces). +/// +/// # Safety +/// +/// `TYPE` must match the contents of the `TypeInfo` as found in the C code; +/// right now, interfaces can only be declared in C. +pub unsafe trait InterfaceType: Sized { + /// The name of the type, which can be passed to + /// `object_class_dynamic_cast()` to obtain the pointer to the vtable + /// for this interface. + const TYPE_NAME: &'static CStr; + + /// Initialize the vtable for the interface; the generic argument `T` is the + /// type being initialized, while the generic argument `U` is the type that + /// lists the interface in its `TypeInfo`. + /// + /// # Panics + /// + /// Panic if the incoming argument if `T` does not implement the interface. + fn interface_init< + T: ObjectType + ClassInitImpl<Self> + ClassInitImpl<U::Class>, + U: ObjectType, + >( + klass: &mut U::Class, + ) { + unsafe { + // SAFETY: upcasting to ObjectClass is always valid, and the + // return type is either NULL or the argument itself + let result: *mut Self = object_class_dynamic_cast( + (klass as *mut U::Class).cast(), + Self::TYPE_NAME.as_ptr(), + ) + .cast(); + + <T as ClassInitImpl<Self>>::class_init(result.as_mut().unwrap()) + } + } +} + /// This trait provides safe casting operations for QOM objects to raw pointers, /// to be used for example for FFI. The trait can be applied to any kind of /// reference or smart pointers, and enforces correctness through the [`IsA`] @@ -214,10 +328,10 @@ where /// /// # Safety /// - /// This method is unsafe because it overrides const-ness of `&self`. - /// Bindings to C APIs will use it a lot, but otherwise it should not - /// be necessary. - unsafe fn as_mut_ptr<U: ObjectType>(&self) -> *mut U + /// This method is safe because only the actual dereference of the pointer + /// has to be unsafe. Bindings to C APIs will use it a lot, but care has + /// to be taken because it overrides the const-ness of `&self`. + fn as_mut_ptr<U: ObjectType>(&self) -> *mut U where Self::Target: IsA<U>, { @@ -384,13 +498,12 @@ impl<T: ObjectType> ObjectCastMut for &mut T {} /// Trait a type must implement to be registered with QEMU. pub trait ObjectImpl: ObjectType + ClassInitImpl<Self::Class> { - /// The parent of the type. This should match the first field of - /// the struct that implements `ObjectImpl`: + /// The parent of the type. This should match the first field of the + /// struct that implements `ObjectImpl`, minus the `ParentField<_>` wrapper. type ParentType: ObjectType; /// Whether the object can be instantiated const ABSTRACT: bool = false; - const INSTANCE_FINALIZE: Option<unsafe extern "C" fn(obj: *mut Object)> = None; /// Function that is called to initialize an object. The parent class will /// have already been initialized so the type is only responsible for @@ -402,7 +515,7 @@ pub trait ObjectImpl: ObjectType + ClassInitImpl<Self::Class> { /// Function that is called to finish initialization of an object, once /// `INSTANCE_INIT` functions have been called. - const INSTANCE_POST_INIT: Option<fn(&mut Self)> = None; + const INSTANCE_POST_INIT: Option<fn(&Self)> = None; /// Called on descendent classes after all parent class initialization /// has occurred, but before the class itself is initialized. This @@ -426,7 +539,7 @@ pub trait ObjectImpl: ObjectType + ClassInitImpl<Self::Class> { None => None, Some(_) => Some(rust_instance_post_init::<Self>), }, - instance_finalize: Self::INSTANCE_FINALIZE, + instance_finalize: Some(drop_object::<Self>), abstract_: Self::ABSTRACT, class_size: core::mem::size_of::<Self::Class>(), class_init: Some(rust_class_init::<Self>), @@ -524,11 +637,8 @@ pub trait ClassInitImpl<T> { /// can be downcasted to type `T`. We also expect the device is /// readable/writeable from one thread at any time. unsafe extern "C" fn rust_unparent_fn<T: ObjectImpl>(dev: *mut Object) { - unsafe { - assert!(!dev.is_null()); - let state = core::ptr::NonNull::new_unchecked(dev.cast::<T>()); - T::UNPARENT.unwrap()(state.as_ref()); - } + let state = NonNull::new(dev).unwrap().cast::<T>(); + T::UNPARENT.unwrap()(unsafe { state.as_ref() }); } impl<T> ClassInitImpl<ObjectClass> for T @@ -548,6 +658,166 @@ unsafe impl ObjectType for Object { unsafe { CStr::from_bytes_with_nul_unchecked(bindings::TYPE_OBJECT) }; } +/// A reference-counted pointer to a QOM object. +/// +/// `Owned<T>` wraps `T` with automatic reference counting. It increases the +/// reference count when created via [`Owned::from`] or cloned, and decreases +/// it when dropped. This ensures that the reference count remains elevated +/// as long as any `Owned<T>` references to it exist. +/// +/// `Owned<T>` can be used for two reasons: +/// * because the lifetime of the QOM object is unknown and someone else could +/// take a reference (similar to `Arc<T>`, for example): in this case, the +/// object can escape and outlive the Rust struct that contains the `Owned<T>` +/// field; +/// +/// * to ensure that the object stays alive until after `Drop::drop` is called +/// on the Rust struct: in this case, the object will always die together with +/// the Rust struct that contains the `Owned<T>` field. +/// +/// Child properties are an example of the second case: in C, an object that +/// is created with `object_initialize_child` will die *before* +/// `instance_finalize` is called, whereas Rust expects the struct to have valid +/// contents when `Drop::drop` is called. Therefore Rust structs that have +/// child properties need to keep a reference to the child object. Right now +/// this can be done with `Owned<T>`; in the future one might have a separate +/// `Child<'parent, T>` smart pointer that keeps a reference to a `T`, like +/// `Owned`, but does not allow cloning. +/// +/// Note that dropping an `Owned<T>` requires the big QEMU lock to be taken. +#[repr(transparent)] +#[derive(PartialEq, Eq, Hash, PartialOrd, Ord)] +pub struct Owned<T: ObjectType>(NonNull<T>); + +// The following rationale for safety is taken from Linux's kernel::sync::Arc. + +// SAFETY: It is safe to send `Owned<T>` to another thread when the underlying +// `T` is `Sync` because it effectively means sharing `&T` (which is safe +// because `T` is `Sync`); additionally, it needs `T` to be `Send` because any +// thread that has an `Owned<T>` may ultimately access `T` using a +// mutable reference when the reference count reaches zero and `T` is dropped. +unsafe impl<T: ObjectType + Send + Sync> Send for Owned<T> {} + +// SAFETY: It is safe to send `&Owned<T>` to another thread when the underlying +// `T` is `Sync` because it effectively means sharing `&T` (which is safe +// because `T` is `Sync`); additionally, it needs `T` to be `Send` because any +// thread that has a `&Owned<T>` may clone it and get an `Owned<T>` on that +// thread, so the thread may ultimately access `T` using a mutable reference +// when the reference count reaches zero and `T` is dropped. +unsafe impl<T: ObjectType + Sync + Send> Sync for Owned<T> {} + +impl<T: ObjectType> Owned<T> { + /// Convert a raw C pointer into an owned reference to the QOM + /// object it points to. The object's reference count will be + /// decreased when the `Owned` is dropped. + /// + /// # Panics + /// + /// Panics if `ptr` is NULL. + /// + /// # Safety + /// + /// The caller must indeed own a reference to the QOM object. + /// The object must not be embedded in another unless the outer + /// object is guaranteed to have a longer lifetime. + /// + /// A raw pointer obtained via [`Owned::into_raw()`] can always be passed + /// back to `from_raw()` (assuming the original `Owned` was valid!), + /// since the owned reference remains there between the calls to + /// `into_raw()` and `from_raw()`. + pub unsafe fn from_raw(ptr: *const T) -> Self { + // SAFETY NOTE: while NonNull requires a mutable pointer, only + // Deref is implemented so the pointer passed to from_raw + // remains const + Owned(NonNull::new(ptr as *mut T).unwrap()) + } + + /// Obtain a raw C pointer from a reference. `src` is consumed + /// and the reference is leaked. + #[allow(clippy::missing_const_for_fn)] + pub fn into_raw(src: Owned<T>) -> *mut T { + let src = ManuallyDrop::new(src); + src.0.as_ptr() + } + + /// Increase the reference count of a QOM object and return + /// a new owned reference to it. + /// + /// # Safety + /// + /// The object must not be embedded in another, unless the outer + /// object is guaranteed to have a longer lifetime. + pub unsafe fn from(obj: &T) -> Self { + unsafe { + object_ref(obj.as_object_mut_ptr().cast::<c_void>()); + + // SAFETY NOTE: while NonNull requires a mutable pointer, only + // Deref is implemented so the reference passed to from_raw + // remains shared + Owned(NonNull::new_unchecked(obj.as_mut_ptr())) + } + } +} + +impl<T: ObjectType> Clone for Owned<T> { + fn clone(&self) -> Self { + // SAFETY: creation method is unsafe; whoever calls it has + // responsibility that the pointer is valid, and remains valid + // throughout the lifetime of the `Owned<T>` and its clones. + unsafe { Owned::from(self.deref()) } + } +} + +impl<T: ObjectType> Deref for Owned<T> { + type Target = T; + + fn deref(&self) -> &Self::Target { + // SAFETY: creation method is unsafe; whoever calls it has + // responsibility that the pointer is valid, and remains valid + // throughout the lifetime of the `Owned<T>` and its clones. + // With that guarantee, reference counting ensures that + // the object remains alive. + unsafe { &*self.0.as_ptr() } + } +} +impl<T: ObjectType> ObjectDeref for Owned<T> {} + +impl<T: ObjectType> Drop for Owned<T> { + fn drop(&mut self) { + assert!(bql_locked()); + // SAFETY: creation method is unsafe, and whoever calls it has + // responsibility that the pointer is valid, and remains valid + // throughout the lifetime of the `Owned<T>` and its clones. + unsafe { + object_unref(self.as_object_mut_ptr().cast::<c_void>()); + } + } +} + +impl<T: IsA<Object>> fmt::Debug for Owned<T> { + fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result { + self.deref().debug_fmt(f) + } +} + +/// Trait for class methods exposed by the Object class. The methods can be +/// called on all objects that have the trait `IsA<Object>`. +/// +/// The trait should only be used through the blanket implementation, +/// which guarantees safety via `IsA` +pub trait ObjectClassMethods: IsA<Object> { + /// Return a new reference counted instance of this class + fn new() -> Owned<Self> { + assert!(bql_locked()); + // SAFETY: the object created by object_new is allocated on + // the heap and has a reference count of 1 + unsafe { + let obj = &*object_new(Self::TYPE_NAME.as_ptr()); + Owned::from_raw(obj.unsafe_cast::<Self>()) + } + } +} + /// Trait for methods exposed by the Object class. The methods can be /// called on all objects that have the trait `IsA<Object>`. /// @@ -579,6 +849,14 @@ where klass } + + /// Convenience function for implementing the Debug trait + fn debug_fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result { + f.debug_tuple(&self.typename()) + .field(&(self as *const Self)) + .finish() + } } +impl<T> ObjectClassMethods for T where T: IsA<Object> {} impl<R: ObjectDeref> ObjectMethods for R where R::Target: IsA<Object> {} |