Merge remote-tracking branch 'remotes/armbru/tags/pull-qapi-2021-09-25-v2' into staging

QAPI patches patches for 2021-09-25

# gpg: Signature made Mon 27 Sep 2021 13:44:23 BST
# gpg:                using RSA key 354BC8B3D7EB2A6B68674E5F3870B400EB918653
# gpg:                issuer "armbru@redhat.com"
# gpg: Good signature from "Markus Armbruster <armbru@redhat.com>" [full]
# gpg:                 aka "Markus Armbruster <armbru@pond.sub.org>" [full]
# Primary key fingerprint: 354B C8B3 D7EB 2A6B 6867  4E5F 3870 B400 EB91 8653

* remotes/armbru/tags/pull-qapi-2021-09-25-v2: (25 commits)
  tests/qapi-schema: Make test-qapi.py -u work when files are absent
  tests/qapi-schema: Use Python OSError instead of outmoded IOError
  test-clone-visitor: Correct an accidental rename
  tests/qapi-schema: Rename flat-union-* test cases to union-*
  qapi: Drop simple unions
  tests/qapi-schema: Purge simple unions from tests
  tests/qapi-schema: Drop simple union __org.qemu_x-Union1
  test-clone-visitor: Wean off __org.qemu_x-Union1
  tests/qapi-schema: Rewrite simple union TestIfUnion to be flat
  tests/qapi-schema: Simple union UserDefListUnion is now unused, drop
  tests/qapi-schema: Wean off UserDefListUnion
  test-clone-visitor: Wean off UserDefListUnion
  test-qobject-output-visitor: Wean off UserDefListUnion
  test-qobject-input-visitor: Wean off UserDefListUnion
  tests/qapi-schema: Prepare for simple union UserDefListUnion removal
  qapi: Convert simple union TransactionAction to flat one
  qapi: Convert simple union ImageInfoSpecific to flat one
  qapi: Convert simple union SocketAddressLegacy to flat one
  qapi: Convert simple union ChardevBackend to flat one
  qapi: Convert simple union MemoryDeviceInfo to flat one
  ...

Signed-off-by: Peter Maydell <peter.maydell@linaro.org>

102 files changed, 466 insertions, 937 deletions

diff --git a/tests/qapi-schema/args-union.err b/tests/qapi-schema/args-union.err
index 4bf4955..4b80a99 100644
--- a/tests/qapi-schema/args-union.err
+++ b/tests/qapi-schema/args-union.err
@@ -1,2 +1,2 @@
 args-union.json: In command 'oops':
-args-union.json:3: command's 'data' can take union type 'Uni' only with 'boxed': true
+args-union.json:9: command's 'data' can take union type 'Uni' only with 'boxed': true
diff --git a/tests/qapi-schema/args-union.json b/tests/qapi-schema/args-union.json
index 2fcaeaa..aabb159 100644
--- a/tests/qapi-schema/args-union.json
+++ b/tests/qapi-schema/args-union.json
@@ -1,3 +1,9 @@
 # use of union arguments requires 'boxed':true
-{ 'union': 'Uni', 'data': { 'case1': 'int', 'case2': 'str' } }
+{ 'enum': 'Enum', 'data': [ 'case1', 'case2' ] }
+{ 'struct': 'Case1', 'data': { 'data': 'int' } }
+{ 'struct': 'Case2', 'data': { 'data': 'str' } }
+{ 'union': 'Uni',
+  'base': { 'type': 'Enum' },
+  'discriminator': 'type',
+  'data': { 'case1': 'Case1', 'case2': 'Case2' } }
 { 'command': 'oops', 'data': 'Uni' }
diff --git a/tests/qapi-schema/bad-base.err b/tests/qapi-schema/bad-base.err
index 61a1efc..1fad63e 100644
--- a/tests/qapi-schema/bad-base.err
+++ b/tests/qapi-schema/bad-base.err
@@ -1,2 +1,2 @@
 bad-base.json: In struct 'MyType':
-bad-base.json:3: 'base' requires a struct type, union type 'Union' isn't
+bad-base.json:9: 'base' requires a struct type, union type 'Union' isn't
diff --git a/tests/qapi-schema/bad-base.json b/tests/qapi-schema/bad-base.json
index a634331..8c773ff 100644
--- a/tests/qapi-schema/bad-base.json
+++ b/tests/qapi-schema/bad-base.json
@@ -1,3 +1,9 @@
 # we reject a base that is not a struct
-{ 'union': 'Union', 'data': { 'a': 'int', 'b': 'str' } }
+{ 'enum': 'Enum', 'data': [ 'a', 'b' ] }
+{ 'struct': 'Int', 'data': { 'data': 'int' } }
+{ 'struct': 'Str', 'data': { 'data': 'str' } }
+{ 'union': 'Union',
+  'base': { 'type': 'Enum' },
+  'discriminator': 'type',
+  'data': { 'a': 'Int', 'b': 'Str' } }
 { 'struct': 'MyType', 'base': 'Union', 'data': { 'c': 'int' } }
diff --git a/tests/qapi-schema/doc-good.json b/tests/qapi-schema/doc-good.json
index e0027e4..a20acff 100644
--- a/tests/qapi-schema/doc-good.json
+++ b/tests/qapi-schema/doc-good.json
@@ -60,8 +60,8 @@
 #
 # @two is undocumented
 ##
-{ 'enum': 'Enum', 'data':
-  [ { 'name': 'one', 'if': 'IFONE' }, 'two' ],
+{ 'enum': 'Enum',
+  'data': [ { 'name': 'one', 'if': 'IFONE' }, 'two' ],
   'features': [ 'enum-feat' ],
   'if': 'IFCOND' }
 
@@ -108,15 +108,6 @@
                      'if': { 'any': ['IFONE', 'IFTWO'] } } } }
 
 ##
-# @SugaredUnion:
-# Features:
-# @union-feat2: a feature
-##
-{ 'union': 'SugaredUnion',
-  'features': [ 'union-feat2' ],
-  'data': { 'one': 'Variant1', 'two': { 'type': 'Variant2', 'if': 'IFTWO' } } }
-
-##
 # @Alternate:
 # @i: an integer
 #     @b is undocumented
diff --git a/tests/qapi-schema/doc-good.out b/tests/qapi-schema/doc-good.out
index 478fe6f..5a324e2 100644
--- a/tests/qapi-schema/doc-good.out
+++ b/tests/qapi-schema/doc-good.out
@@ -32,21 +32,6 @@ object Object
     case two: Variant2
         if {'any': ['IFONE', 'IFTWO']}
     feature union-feat1
-object q_obj_Variant1-wrapper
-    member data: Variant1 optional=False
-object q_obj_Variant2-wrapper
-    member data: Variant2 optional=False
-enum SugaredUnionKind
-    member one
-    member two
-        if IFTWO
-object SugaredUnion
-    member type: SugaredUnionKind optional=False
-    tag type
-    case one: q_obj_Variant1-wrapper
-    case two: q_obj_Variant2-wrapper
-        if IFTWO
-    feature union-feat2
 alternate Alternate
     tag type
     case i: int
@@ -149,13 +134,6 @@ doc symbol=Object
 
     feature=union-feat1
 a feature
-doc symbol=SugaredUnion
-    body=
-
-    arg=type
-
-    feature=union-feat2
-a feature
 doc symbol=Alternate
     body=
 
diff --git a/tests/qapi-schema/doc-good.txt b/tests/qapi-schema/doc-good.txt
index 0c59d75..701402e 100644
--- a/tests/qapi-schema/doc-good.txt
+++ b/tests/qapi-schema/doc-good.txt
@@ -130,26 +130,6 @@ Features
    a feature
 
 
-"SugaredUnion" (Object)
------------------------
-
-
-Members
-~~~~~~~
-
-"type"
-   One of "one", "two"
-
-"data": "Variant1" when "type" is ""one""
-"data": "Variant2" when "type" is ""two"" (**If: **"IFTWO")
-
-Features
-~~~~~~~~
-
-"union-feat2"
-   a feature
-
-
 "Alternate" (Alternate)
 -----------------------
 
diff --git a/tests/qapi-schema/enum-if-invalid.json b/tests/qapi-schema/enum-if-invalid.json
index 60bd0ef..6bd2004 100644
--- a/tests/qapi-schema/enum-if-invalid.json
+++ b/tests/qapi-schema/enum-if-invalid.json
@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@
 # check invalid 'if' type
-{ 'enum': 'TestIfEnum', 'data':
-  [ 'foo', { 'name' : 'bar', 'if': { 'val': 'foo' } } ] }
+{ 'enum': 'TestIfEnum',
+  'data': [ 'foo', { 'name' : 'bar', 'if': { 'val': 'foo' } } ] }
diff --git a/tests/qapi-schema/flat-union-array-branch.err b/tests/qapi-schema/flat-union-array-branch.err
deleted file mode 100644
index 20a8ef1..0000000
--- a/tests/qapi-schema/flat-union-array-branch.err
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,2 +0,0 @@
-flat-union-array-branch.json: In union 'TestUnion':
-flat-union-array-branch.json:8: 'data' member 'value1' cannot be an array
diff --git a/tests/qapi-schema/flat-union-bad-base.err b/tests/qapi-schema/flat-union-bad-base.err
deleted file mode 100644
index e0a205a..0000000
--- a/tests/qapi-schema/flat-union-bad-base.err
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,2 +0,0 @@
-flat-union-bad-base.json: In union 'TestUnion':
-flat-union-bad-base.json:8: member 'string' of type 'TestTypeA' collides with base member 'string'
diff --git a/tests/qapi-schema/flat-union-bad-discriminator.err b/tests/qapi-schema/flat-union-bad-discriminator.err
deleted file mode 100644
index b705439..0000000
--- a/tests/qapi-schema/flat-union-bad-discriminator.err
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,2 +0,0 @@
-flat-union-bad-discriminator.json: In union 'TestUnion':
-flat-union-bad-discriminator.json:11: 'discriminator' requires a string name
diff --git a/tests/qapi-schema/flat-union-base-any.err b/tests/qapi-schema/flat-union-base-any.err
deleted file mode 100644
index c2d4de6..0000000
--- a/tests/qapi-schema/flat-union-base-any.err
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,2 +0,0 @@
-flat-union-base-any.json: In union 'TestUnion':
-flat-union-base-any.json:8: 'base' requires a struct type, built-in type 'any' isn't
diff --git a/tests/qapi-schema/flat-union-base-union.err b/tests/qapi-schema/flat-union-base-union.err
deleted file mode 100644
index 3b00872..0000000
--- a/tests/qapi-schema/flat-union-base-union.err
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,2 +0,0 @@
-flat-union-base-union.json: In union 'TestUnion':
-flat-union-base-union.json:14: 'base' requires a struct type, union type 'UnionBase' isn't
diff --git a/tests/qapi-schema/flat-union-clash-member.err b/tests/qapi-schema/flat-union-clash-member.err
deleted file mode 100644
index 07551e6..0000000
--- a/tests/qapi-schema/flat-union-clash-member.err
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,2 +0,0 @@
-flat-union-clash-member.json: In union 'TestUnion':
-flat-union-clash-member.json:11: member 'name' of type 'Branch1' collides with member 'name' of type 'Base'
diff --git a/tests/qapi-schema/flat-union-discriminator-bad-name.err b/tests/qapi-schema/flat-union-discriminator-bad-name.err
deleted file mode 100644
index 28be49c..0000000
--- a/tests/qapi-schema/flat-union-discriminator-bad-name.err
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,2 +0,0 @@
-flat-union-discriminator-bad-name.json: In union 'MyUnion':
-flat-union-discriminator-bad-name.json:6: discriminator '*switch' is not a member of 'base'
diff --git a/tests/qapi-schema/flat-union-empty.err b/tests/qapi-schema/flat-union-empty.err
deleted file mode 100644
index 89b0f25..0000000
--- a/tests/qapi-schema/flat-union-empty.err
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,2 +0,0 @@
-flat-union-empty.json: In union 'Union':
-flat-union-empty.json:4: union has no branches
diff --git a/tests/qapi-schema/flat-union-empty.json b/tests/qapi-schema/flat-union-empty.json
deleted file mode 100644
index 83e1cc7..0000000
--- a/tests/qapi-schema/flat-union-empty.json
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,4 +0,0 @@
-# flat union discriminator cannot be empty
-{ 'enum': 'Empty', 'data': [ ] }
-{ 'struct': 'Base', 'data': { 'type': 'Empty' } }
-{ 'union': 'Union', 'base': 'Base', 'discriminator': 'type', 'data': { } }
diff --git a/tests/qapi-schema/flat-union-inline-invalid-dict.err b/tests/qapi-schema/flat-union-inline-invalid-dict.err
deleted file mode 100644
index 53e5416..0000000
--- a/tests/qapi-schema/flat-union-inline-invalid-dict.err
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,2 +0,0 @@
-flat-union-inline-invalid-dict.json: In union 'TestUnion':
-flat-union-inline-invalid-dict.json:7: 'data' member 'value1' misses key 'type'
diff --git a/tests/qapi-schema/flat-union-int-branch.err b/tests/qapi-schema/flat-union-int-branch.err
deleted file mode 100644
index ae7f800..0000000
--- a/tests/qapi-schema/flat-union-int-branch.err
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,2 +0,0 @@
-flat-union-int-branch.json: In union 'TestUnion':
-flat-union-int-branch.json:8: branch 'value1' cannot use built-in type 'int'
diff --git a/tests/qapi-schema/flat-union-invalid-branch-key.err b/tests/qapi-schema/flat-union-invalid-branch-key.err
deleted file mode 100644
index 5576a25..0000000
--- a/tests/qapi-schema/flat-union-invalid-branch-key.err
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,2 +0,0 @@
-flat-union-invalid-branch-key.json: In union 'TestUnion':
-flat-union-invalid-branch-key.json:13: branch 'value_wrong' is not a value of enum type 'TestEnum'
diff --git a/tests/qapi-schema/flat-union-invalid-discriminator.err b/tests/qapi-schema/flat-union-invalid-discriminator.err
deleted file mode 100644
index 99bca2d..0000000
--- a/tests/qapi-schema/flat-union-invalid-discriminator.err
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,2 +0,0 @@
-flat-union-invalid-discriminator.json: In union 'TestUnion':
-flat-union-invalid-discriminator.json:10: discriminator 'enum_wrong' is not a member of 'base'
diff --git a/tests/qapi-schema/flat-union-invalid-if-discriminator.err b/tests/qapi-schema/flat-union-invalid-if-discriminator.err
deleted file mode 100644
index 350f28d..0000000
--- a/tests/qapi-schema/flat-union-invalid-if-discriminator.err
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,2 +0,0 @@
-flat-union-invalid-if-discriminator.json: In union 'TestUnion':
-flat-union-invalid-if-discriminator.json:10: discriminator member 'enum1' of 'base' must not be conditional
diff --git a/tests/qapi-schema/flat-union-no-base.err b/tests/qapi-schema/flat-union-no-base.err
deleted file mode 100644
index 5167565..0000000
--- a/tests/qapi-schema/flat-union-no-base.err
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,2 +0,0 @@
-flat-union-no-base.json: In union 'TestUnion':
-flat-union-no-base.json:8: 'discriminator' requires 'base'
diff --git a/tests/qapi-schema/flat-union-optional-discriminator.err b/tests/qapi-schema/flat-union-optional-discriminator.err
deleted file mode 100644
index 3d60a1b..0000000
--- a/tests/qapi-schema/flat-union-optional-discriminator.err
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,2 +0,0 @@
-flat-union-optional-discriminator.json: In union 'MyUnion':
-flat-union-optional-discriminator.json:6: discriminator member 'switch' of base type 'Base' must not be optional
diff --git a/tests/qapi-schema/flat-union-string-discriminator.err b/tests/qapi-schema/flat-union-string-discriminator.err
deleted file mode 100644
index ff42c97..0000000
--- a/tests/qapi-schema/flat-union-string-discriminator.err
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,2 +0,0 @@
-flat-union-string-discriminator.json: In union 'TestUnion':
-flat-union-string-discriminator.json:13: discriminator member 'kind' of base type 'TestBase' must be of enum type
diff --git a/tests/qapi-schema/flat-union-string-discriminator.out b/tests/qapi-schema/flat-union-string-discriminator.out
deleted file mode 100644
index e69de29..0000000
--- a/tests/qapi-schema/flat-union-string-discriminator.out
+++ /dev/null
diff --git a/tests/qapi-schema/meson.build b/tests/qapi-schema/meson.build
index 6b2a4ce..6187efb 100644
--- a/tests/qapi-schema/meson.build
+++ b/tests/qapi-schema/meson.build
@@ -107,22 +107,6 @@ schemas = [
   'features-name-bad-type.json',
   'features-no-list.json',
   'features-unknown-key.json',
-  'flat-union-array-branch.json',
-  'flat-union-bad-base.json',
-  'flat-union-bad-discriminator.json',
-  'flat-union-base-any.json',
-  'flat-union-base-union.json',
-  'flat-union-clash-member.json',
-  'flat-union-discriminator-bad-name.json',
-  'flat-union-empty.json',
-  'flat-union-inline-invalid-dict.json',
-  'flat-union-int-branch.json',
-  'flat-union-invalid-branch-key.json',
-  'flat-union-invalid-discriminator.json',
-  'flat-union-invalid-if-discriminator.json',
-  'flat-union-no-base.json',
-  'flat-union-optional-discriminator.json',
-  'flat-union-string-discriminator.json',
   'funny-char.json',
   'funny-word.json',
   'ident-with-escape.json',
@@ -168,7 +152,6 @@ schemas = [
   'reserved-member-q.json',
   'reserved-member-u.json',
   'reserved-member-underscore.json',
-  'reserved-type-kind.json',
   'reserved-type-list.json',
   'returns-alternate.json',
   'returns-array-bad.json',
@@ -191,16 +174,28 @@ schemas = [
   'unclosed-list.json',
   'unclosed-object.json',
   'unclosed-string.json',
+  'union-array-branch.json',
+  'union-bad-base.json',
+  'union-bad-discriminator.json',
+  'union-base-any.json',
   'union-base-empty.json',
   'union-base-no-discriminator.json',
-  'union-branch-case.json',
+  'union-base-union.json',
   'union-branch-if-invalid.json',
   'union-branch-invalid-dict.json',
-  'union-clash-branches.json',
+  'union-clash-member.json',
+  'union-discriminator-bad-name.json',
   'union-empty.json',
+  'union-inline-invalid-dict.json',
+  'union-int-branch.json',
   'union-invalid-base.json',
+  'union-invalid-branch-key.json',
   'union-invalid-data.json',
-  'union-optional-branch.json',
+  'union-invalid-discriminator.json',
+  'union-invalid-if-discriminator.json',
+  'union-no-base.json',
+  'union-optional-discriminator.json',
+  'union-string-discriminator.json',
   'union-unknown.json',
   'unknown-escape.json',
   'unknown-expr-key.json',
diff --git a/tests/qapi-schema/qapi-schema-test.json b/tests/qapi-schema/qapi-schema-test.json
index b6c36a9..2ec5010 100644
--- a/tests/qapi-schema/qapi-schema-test.json
+++ b/tests/qapi-schema/qapi-schema-test.json
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@
 { 'struct': 'Empty1', 'data': { } }
 { 'struct': 'Empty2', 'base': 'Empty1', 'data': { } }
 
-# Likewise for an empty flat union
+# Likewise for an empty union
 { 'union': 'Union',
   'base': { 'type': 'EnumOne' }, 'discriminator': 'type',
   'data': { } }
@@ -123,8 +123,7 @@
 # for testing use of 'str' within alternates
 { 'alternate': 'AltStrObj', 'data': { 's': 'str', 'o': 'TestStruct' } }
 
-# for testing lists
-{ 'union': 'UserDefListUnion',
+{ 'struct': 'ArrayStruct',
   'data': { 'integer': ['int'],
             's8': ['int8'],
             's16': ['int16'],
@@ -137,9 +136,9 @@
             'number': ['number'],
             'boolean': ['bool'],
             'string': ['str'],
-            'sizes': ['size'],
-            'any': ['any'],
-            'user': ['Status'] } } # intentional forward ref. to sub-module
+            '*sz': ['size'],
+            '*any': ['any'],
+            '*user': ['Status'] } } # intentional forward ref. to sub-module
 
 # for testing sub-modules
 { 'include': 'include/sub-module.json' }
@@ -159,7 +158,7 @@
   'returns': 'int' }
 { 'command': 'guest-sync', 'data': { 'arg': 'any' }, 'returns': 'any' }
 { 'command': 'boxed-struct', 'boxed': true, 'data': 'UserDefZero' }
-{ 'command': 'boxed-union', 'data': 'UserDefListUnion', 'boxed': true }
+{ 'command': 'boxed-union', 'data': 'UserDefFlatUnion', 'boxed': true }
 { 'command': 'boxed-empty', 'boxed': true, 'data': 'Empty1' }
 
 # Smoke test on out-of-band and allow-preconfig-test
@@ -203,11 +202,10 @@
   'data': { '__org.qemu_x-member1': '__org.qemu_x-Enum' } }
 { 'struct': '__org.qemu_x-Struct', 'base': '__org.qemu_x-Base',
   'data': { '__org.qemu_x-member2': 'str', '*wchar-t': 'int' } }
-{ 'union': '__org.qemu_x-Union1', 'data': { '__org.qemu_x-branch': 'str' } }
 { 'alternate': '__org.qemu_x-Alt1', 'data': { '__org.qemu_x-branch': 'str' } }
 { 'struct': '__org.qemu_x-Struct2',
-  'data': { 'array': ['__org.qemu_x-Union1'] } }
-{ 'union': '__org.qemu_x-Union2', 'base': '__org.qemu_x-Base',
+  'data': { 'array': ['__org.qemu_x-Union'] } }
+{ 'union': '__org.qemu_x-Union', 'base': '__org.qemu_x-Base',
   'discriminator': '__org.qemu_x-member1',
   'data': { '__org.qemu_x-value': '__org.qemu_x-Struct2' } }
 { 'alternate': '__org.qemu_x-Alt',
@@ -215,32 +213,33 @@
 { 'event': '__ORG.QEMU_X-EVENT', 'data': '__org.qemu_x-Struct' }
 { 'command': '__org.qemu_x-command',
   'data': { 'a': ['__org.qemu_x-Enum'], 'b': ['__org.qemu_x-Struct'],
-            'c': '__org.qemu_x-Union2', 'd': '__org.qemu_x-Alt' },
-  'returns': '__org.qemu_x-Union1' }
+            'c': '__org.qemu_x-Union', 'd': '__org.qemu_x-Alt' } }
 
 # test 'if' condition handling
 
-{ 'struct': 'TestIfStruct', 'data':
-  { 'foo': 'int',
-    'bar': { 'type': 'int', 'if': 'TEST_IF_STRUCT_BAR'} },
+{ 'struct': 'TestIfStruct',
+  'data': { 'foo': 'int',
+            'bar': { 'type': 'int', 'if': 'TEST_IF_STRUCT_BAR'} },
   'if': 'TEST_IF_STRUCT' }
 
-{ 'enum': 'TestIfEnum', 'data':
-  [ 'foo', { 'name' : 'bar', 'if': 'TEST_IF_ENUM_BAR' } ],
+{ 'enum': 'TestIfEnum',
+  'data': [ 'foo', { 'name' : 'bar', 'if': 'TEST_IF_ENUM_BAR' } ],
   'if': 'TEST_IF_ENUM' }
 
-{ 'union': 'TestIfUnion', 'data':
-  { 'foo': 'TestStruct',
-    'bar': { 'type': 'str', 'if': 'TEST_IF_UNION_BAR'} },
+{ 'union': 'TestIfUnion',
+  'base': { 'type': 'TestIfEnum' },
+  'discriminator': 'type',
+  'data': { 'foo': 'TestStruct',
+            'bar': { 'type': 'UserDefZero', 'if': 'TEST_IF_ENUM_BAR'} },
   'if': { 'all': ['TEST_IF_UNION', 'TEST_IF_STRUCT'] } }
 
 { 'command': 'test-if-union-cmd',
   'data': { 'union-cmd-arg': 'TestIfUnion' },
   'if': { 'all': ['TEST_IF_UNION', 'TEST_IF_STRUCT'] } }
 
-{ 'alternate': 'TestIfAlternate', 'data':
-  { 'foo': 'int',
-    'bar': { 'type': 'TestStruct', 'if': 'TEST_IF_ALT_BAR'} },
+{ 'alternate': 'TestIfAlternate',
+  'data': { 'foo': 'int',
+            'bar': { 'type': 'TestStruct', 'if': 'TEST_IF_ALT_BAR'} },
   'if': { 'all': ['TEST_IF_ALT', 'TEST_IF_STRUCT'] } }
 
 { 'command': 'test-if-alternate-cmd',
@@ -256,9 +255,9 @@
 
 { 'command': 'test-cmd-return-def-three', 'returns': 'UserDefThree' }
 
-{ 'event': 'TEST_IF_EVENT', 'data':
-  { 'foo': 'TestIfStruct',
-    'bar': { 'type': ['TestIfEnum'], 'if': 'TEST_IF_EVT_BAR' } },
+{ 'event': 'TEST_IF_EVENT',
+  'data': { 'foo': 'TestIfStruct',
+            'bar': { 'type': ['TestIfEnum'], 'if': 'TEST_IF_EVT_BAR' } },
   'if': { 'all': ['TEST_IF_EVT', 'TEST_IF_STRUCT'] } }
 
 { 'event': 'TEST_IF_EVENT2', 'data': {},
diff --git a/tests/qapi-schema/qapi-schema-test.out b/tests/qapi-schema/qapi-schema-test.out
index d557fe2..9337adc 100644
--- a/tests/qapi-schema/qapi-schema-test.out
+++ b/tests/qapi-schema/qapi-schema-test.out
@@ -125,70 +125,22 @@ alternate AltStrObj
     tag type
     case s: str
     case o: TestStruct
-object q_obj_intList-wrapper
-    member data: intList optional=False
-object q_obj_int8List-wrapper
-    member data: int8List optional=False
-object q_obj_int16List-wrapper
-    member data: int16List optional=False
-object q_obj_int32List-wrapper
-    member data: int32List optional=False
-object q_obj_int64List-wrapper
-    member data: int64List optional=False
-object q_obj_uint8List-wrapper
-    member data: uint8List optional=False
-object q_obj_uint16List-wrapper
-    member data: uint16List optional=False
-object q_obj_uint32List-wrapper
-    member data: uint32List optional=False
-object q_obj_uint64List-wrapper
-    member data: uint64List optional=False
-object q_obj_numberList-wrapper
-    member data: numberList optional=False
-object q_obj_boolList-wrapper
-    member data: boolList optional=False
-object q_obj_strList-wrapper
-    member data: strList optional=False
-object q_obj_sizeList-wrapper
-    member data: sizeList optional=False
-object q_obj_anyList-wrapper
-    member data: anyList optional=False
-object q_obj_StatusList-wrapper
-    member data: StatusList optional=False
-enum UserDefListUnionKind
-    member integer
-    member s8
-    member s16
-    member s32
-    member s64
-    member u8
-    member u16
-    member u32
-    member u64
-    member number
-    member boolean
-    member string
-    member sizes
-    member any
-    member user
-object UserDefListUnion
-    member type: UserDefListUnionKind optional=False
-    tag type
-    case integer: q_obj_intList-wrapper
-    case s8: q_obj_int8List-wrapper
-    case s16: q_obj_int16List-wrapper
-    case s32: q_obj_int32List-wrapper
-    case s64: q_obj_int64List-wrapper
-    case u8: q_obj_uint8List-wrapper
-    case u16: q_obj_uint16List-wrapper
-    case u32: q_obj_uint32List-wrapper
-    case u64: q_obj_uint64List-wrapper
-    case number: q_obj_numberList-wrapper
-    case boolean: q_obj_boolList-wrapper
-    case string: q_obj_strList-wrapper
-    case sizes: q_obj_sizeList-wrapper
-    case any: q_obj_anyList-wrapper
-    case user: q_obj_StatusList-wrapper
+object ArrayStruct
+    member integer: intList optional=False
+    member s8: int8List optional=False
+    member s16: int16List optional=False
+    member s32: int32List optional=False
+    member s64: int64List optional=False
+    member u8: uint8List optional=False
+    member u16: uint16List optional=False
+    member u32: uint32List optional=False
+    member u64: uint64List optional=False
+    member number: numberList optional=False
+    member boolean: boolList optional=False
+    member string: strList optional=False
+    member sz: sizeList optional=True
+    member any: anyList optional=True
+    member user: StatusList optional=True
 include include/sub-module.json
 command user-def-cmd None -> None
     gen=True success_response=True boxed=False oob=False preconfig=False
@@ -216,7 +168,7 @@ command guest-sync q_obj_guest-sync-arg -> any
     gen=True success_response=True boxed=False oob=False preconfig=False
 command boxed-struct UserDefZero -> None
     gen=True success_response=True boxed=True oob=False preconfig=False
-command boxed-union UserDefListUnion -> None
+command boxed-union UserDefFlatUnion -> None
     gen=True success_response=True boxed=True oob=False preconfig=False
 command boxed-empty Empty1 -> None
     gen=True success_response=True boxed=True oob=False preconfig=False
@@ -263,21 +215,13 @@ object __org.qemu_x-Struct
     base __org.qemu_x-Base
     member __org.qemu_x-member2: str optional=False
     member wchar-t: int optional=True
-object q_obj_str-wrapper
-    member data: str optional=False
-enum __org.qemu_x-Union1Kind
-    member __org.qemu_x-branch
-object __org.qemu_x-Union1
-    member type: __org.qemu_x-Union1Kind optional=False
-    tag type
-    case __org.qemu_x-branch: q_obj_str-wrapper
 alternate __org.qemu_x-Alt1
     tag type
     case __org.qemu_x-branch: str
-array __org.qemu_x-Union1List __org.qemu_x-Union1
+array __org.qemu_x-UnionList __org.qemu_x-Union
 object __org.qemu_x-Struct2
-    member array: __org.qemu_x-Union1List optional=False
-object __org.qemu_x-Union2
+    member array: __org.qemu_x-UnionList optional=False
+object __org.qemu_x-Union
     base __org.qemu_x-Base
     tag __org.qemu_x-member1
     case __org.qemu_x-value: __org.qemu_x-Struct2
@@ -291,9 +235,9 @@ array __org.qemu_x-StructList __org.qemu_x-Struct
 object q_obj___org.qemu_x-command-arg
     member a: __org.qemu_x-EnumList optional=False
     member b: __org.qemu_x-StructList optional=False
-    member c: __org.qemu_x-Union2 optional=False
+    member c: __org.qemu_x-Union optional=False
     member d: __org.qemu_x-Alt optional=False
-command __org.qemu_x-command q_obj___org.qemu_x-command-arg -> __org.qemu_x-Union1
+command __org.qemu_x-command q_obj___org.qemu_x-command-arg -> None
     gen=True success_response=True boxed=False oob=False preconfig=False
 object TestIfStruct
     member foo: int optional=False
@@ -305,19 +249,15 @@ enum TestIfEnum
     member bar
         if TEST_IF_ENUM_BAR
     if TEST_IF_ENUM
-object q_obj_TestStruct-wrapper
-    member data: TestStruct optional=False
-enum TestIfUnionKind
-    member foo
-    member bar
-        if TEST_IF_UNION_BAR
+object q_obj_TestIfUnion-base
+    member type: TestIfEnum optional=False
     if {'all': ['TEST_IF_UNION', 'TEST_IF_STRUCT']}
 object TestIfUnion
-    member type: TestIfUnionKind optional=False
+    base q_obj_TestIfUnion-base
     tag type
-    case foo: q_obj_TestStruct-wrapper
-    case bar: q_obj_str-wrapper
-        if TEST_IF_UNION_BAR
+    case foo: TestStruct
+    case bar: UserDefZero
+        if TEST_IF_ENUM_BAR
     if {'all': ['TEST_IF_UNION', 'TEST_IF_STRUCT']}
 object q_obj_test-if-union-cmd-arg
     member union-cmd-arg: TestIfUnion optional=False
diff --git a/tests/qapi-schema/reserved-member-u.json b/tests/qapi-schema/reserved-member-u.json
index 2bfb8f5..d982ab5 100644
--- a/tests/qapi-schema/reserved-member-u.json
+++ b/tests/qapi-schema/reserved-member-u.json
@@ -2,6 +2,6 @@
 # We reject use of 'u' as a member name, to allow it for internal use in
 # putting union branch members in a separate namespace from QMP members.
 # This is true even for non-unions, because it is possible to convert a
-# struct to flat union while remaining backwards compatible in QMP.
+# struct to union while remaining backwards compatible in QMP.
 # TODO - we could munge the member name to 'q_u' to avoid the collision
 { 'struct': 'Oops', 'data': { '*u': 'str' } }
diff --git a/tests/qapi-schema/reserved-type-kind.err b/tests/qapi-schema/reserved-type-kind.err
deleted file mode 100644
index d8fb769..0000000
--- a/tests/qapi-schema/reserved-type-kind.err
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,2 +0,0 @@
-reserved-type-kind.json: In enum 'UnionKind':
-reserved-type-kind.json:2: enum name should not end in 'Kind'
diff --git a/tests/qapi-schema/reserved-type-kind.json b/tests/qapi-schema/reserved-type-kind.json
deleted file mode 100644
index 9ecaba1..0000000
--- a/tests/qapi-schema/reserved-type-kind.json
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,2 +0,0 @@
-# we reject types that would conflict with implicit union enum
-{ 'enum': 'UnionKind', 'data': [ 'oops' ] }
diff --git a/tests/qapi-schema/reserved-type-kind.out b/tests/qapi-schema/reserved-type-kind.out
deleted file mode 100644
index e69de29..0000000
--- a/tests/qapi-schema/reserved-type-kind.out
+++ /dev/null
diff --git a/tests/qapi-schema/test-qapi.py b/tests/qapi-schema/test-qapi.py
index 73cffae..c717a7a 100755
--- a/tests/qapi-schema/test-qapi.py
+++ b/tests/qapi-schema/test-qapi.py
@@ -132,6 +132,17 @@ def test_frontend(fname):
             print('    section=%s\n%s' % (section.name, section.text))
 
 
+def open_test_result(dir_name, file_name, update):
+    mode = 'r+' if update else 'r'
+    try:
+        fp = open(os.path.join(dir_name, file_name), mode)
+    except FileNotFoundError:
+        if not update:
+            raise
+        fp = open(os.path.join(dir_name, file_name), 'w+')
+    return fp
+
+
 def test_and_diff(test_name, dir_name, update):
     sys.stdout = StringIO()
     try:
@@ -148,13 +159,12 @@ def test_and_diff(test_name, dir_name, update):
         sys.stdout.close()
         sys.stdout = sys.__stdout__
 
-    mode = 'r+' if update else 'r'
     try:
-        outfp = open(os.path.join(dir_name, test_name + '.out'), mode)
-        errfp = open(os.path.join(dir_name, test_name + '.err'), mode)
+        outfp = open_test_result(dir_name, test_name + '.out', update)
+        errfp = open_test_result(dir_name, test_name + '.err', update)
         expected_out = outfp.readlines()
         expected_err = errfp.readlines()
-    except IOError as err:
+    except OSError as err:
         print("%s: can't open '%s': %s"
               % (sys.argv[0], err.filename, err.strerror),
               file=sys.stderr)
@@ -180,7 +190,7 @@ def test_and_diff(test_name, dir_name, update):
         errfp.truncate(0)
         errfp.seek(0)
         errfp.writelines(actual_err)
-    except IOError as err:
+    except OSError as err:
         print("%s: can't write '%s': %s"
               % (sys.argv[0], err.filename, err.strerror),
               file=sys.stderr)
diff --git a/tests/qapi-schema/union-array-branch.err b/tests/qapi-schema/union-array-branch.err
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5db9c17
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/qapi-schema/union-array-branch.err
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+union-array-branch.json: In union 'TestUnion':
+union-array-branch.json:8: 'data' member 'value1' cannot be an array
diff --git a/tests/qapi-schema/flat-union-array-branch.json b/tests/qapi-schema/union-array-branch.json
index 0b98820..6dda7ec 100644
--- a/tests/qapi-schema/flat-union-array-branch.json
+++ b/tests/qapi-schema/union-array-branch.json
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-# we require flat union branches to be a struct
+# we require union branches to be a struct
 { 'enum': 'TestEnum',
   'data': [ 'value1', 'value2' ] }
 { 'struct': 'Base',
diff --git a/tests/qapi-schema/flat-union-array-branch.out b/tests/qapi-schema/union-array-branch.out
index e69de29..e69de29 100644
--- a/tests/qapi-schema/flat-union-array-branch.out
+++ b/tests/qapi-schema/union-array-branch.out
diff --git a/tests/qapi-schema/union-bad-base.err b/tests/qapi-schema/union-bad-base.err
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..42b2ed1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/qapi-schema/union-bad-base.err
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+union-bad-base.json: In union 'TestUnion':
+union-bad-base.json:8: member 'string' of type 'TestTypeA' collides with base member 'string'
diff --git a/tests/qapi-schema/flat-union-bad-base.json b/tests/qapi-schema/union-bad-base.json
index 74dd421..74dd421 100644
--- a/tests/qapi-schema/flat-union-bad-base.json
+++ b/tests/qapi-schema/union-bad-base.json
diff --git a/tests/qapi-schema/flat-union-bad-base.out b/tests/qapi-schema/union-bad-base.out
index e69de29..e69de29 100644
--- a/tests/qapi-schema/flat-union-bad-base.out
+++ b/tests/qapi-schema/union-bad-base.out
diff --git a/tests/qapi-schema/union-bad-discriminator.err b/tests/qapi-schema/union-bad-discriminator.err
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7cfd470
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/qapi-schema/union-bad-discriminator.err
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+union-bad-discriminator.json: In union 'TestUnion':
+union-bad-discriminator.json:11: 'discriminator' requires a string name
diff --git a/tests/qapi-schema/flat-union-bad-discriminator.json b/tests/qapi-schema/union-bad-discriminator.json
index cd10b9d..cd10b9d 100644
--- a/tests/qapi-schema/flat-union-bad-discriminator.json
+++ b/tests/qapi-schema/union-bad-discriminator.json
diff --git a/tests/qapi-schema/flat-union-bad-discriminator.out b/tests/qapi-schema/union-bad-discriminator.out
index e69de29..e69de29 100644
--- a/tests/qapi-schema/flat-union-bad-discriminator.out
+++ b/tests/qapi-schema/union-bad-discriminator.out
diff --git a/tests/qapi-schema/union-base-any.err b/tests/qapi-schema/union-base-any.err
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..82b48bc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/qapi-schema/union-base-any.err
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+union-base-any.json: In union 'TestUnion':
+union-base-any.json:8: 'base' requires a struct type, built-in type 'any' isn't
diff --git a/tests/qapi-schema/flat-union-base-any.json b/tests/qapi-schema/union-base-any.json
index fe66b71..fe66b71 100644
--- a/tests/qapi-schema/flat-union-base-any.json
+++ b/tests/qapi-schema/union-base-any.json
diff --git a/tests/qapi-schema/flat-union-base-any.out b/tests/qapi-schema/union-base-any.out
index e69de29..e69de29 100644
--- a/tests/qapi-schema/flat-union-base-any.out
+++ b/tests/qapi-schema/union-base-any.out
diff --git a/tests/qapi-schema/union-base-empty.json b/tests/qapi-schema/union-base-empty.json
index d1843d3..6f8ef00 100644
--- a/tests/qapi-schema/union-base-empty.json
+++ b/tests/qapi-schema/union-base-empty.json
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-# Flat union with empty base and therefore without discriminator
+# Union with empty base and therefore without discriminator
 
 { 'struct': 'Empty', 'data': { } }
 
diff --git a/tests/qapi-schema/union-base-no-discriminator.err b/tests/qapi-schema/union-base-no-discriminator.err
index 9cd5d11..a730b7f 100644
--- a/tests/qapi-schema/union-base-no-discriminator.err
+++ b/tests/qapi-schema/union-base-no-discriminator.err
@@ -1,2 +1,2 @@
 union-base-no-discriminator.json: In union 'TestUnion':
-union-base-no-discriminator.json:11: 'base' requires 'discriminator'
+union-base-no-discriminator.json:11: union misses key 'discriminator'
diff --git a/tests/qapi-schema/union-base-no-discriminator.json b/tests/qapi-schema/union-base-no-discriminator.json
index 1409cf5..2e7cae9 100644
--- a/tests/qapi-schema/union-base-no-discriminator.json
+++ b/tests/qapi-schema/union-base-no-discriminator.json
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-# we reject simple unions with a base (or flat unions without discriminator)
+# we reject unions without discriminator
 { 'struct': 'TestTypeA',
   'data': { 'string': 'str' } }
 
diff --git a/tests/qapi-schema/union-base-union.err b/tests/qapi-schema/union-base-union.err
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2bddaf6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/qapi-schema/union-base-union.err
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+union-base-union.json: In union 'TestUnion':
+union-base-union.json:17: 'base' requires a struct type, union type 'UnionBase' isn't
diff --git a/tests/qapi-schema/flat-union-base-union.json b/tests/qapi-schema/union-base-union.json
index 98b4eba..82d4c96 100644
--- a/tests/qapi-schema/flat-union-base-union.json
+++ b/tests/qapi-schema/union-base-union.json
@@ -8,7 +8,10 @@
   'data': { 'string': 'str' } }
 { 'struct': 'TestTypeB',
   'data': { 'integer': 'int' } }
+{ 'enum': 'Enum', 'data': [ 'kind1', 'kind2' ] }
 { 'union': 'UnionBase',
+  'base': { 'type': 'Enum' },
+  'discriminator': 'type',
   'data': { 'kind1': 'TestTypeA',
             'kind2': 'TestTypeB' } }
 { 'union': 'TestUnion',
diff --git a/tests/qapi-schema/flat-union-base-union.out b/tests/qapi-schema/union-base-union.out
index e69de29..e69de29 100644
--- a/tests/qapi-schema/flat-union-base-union.out
+++ b/tests/qapi-schema/union-base-union.out
diff --git a/tests/qapi-schema/union-branch-case.err b/tests/qapi-schema/union-branch-case.err
deleted file mode 100644
index d2d5cb8..0000000
--- a/tests/qapi-schema/union-branch-case.err
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,2 +0,0 @@
-union-branch-case.json: In union 'Uni':
-union-branch-case.json:2: name of 'data' member 'Branch' must not use uppercase or '_'
diff --git a/tests/qapi-schema/union-branch-case.json b/tests/qapi-schema/union-branch-case.json
deleted file mode 100644
index b7894b7..0000000
--- a/tests/qapi-schema/union-branch-case.json
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,2 +0,0 @@
-# Branch names should be 'lower-case'
-{ 'union': 'Uni', 'data': { 'Branch': 'int' } }
diff --git a/tests/qapi-schema/union-branch-case.out b/tests/qapi-schema/union-branch-case.out
deleted file mode 100644
index e69de29..0000000
--- a/tests/qapi-schema/union-branch-case.out
+++ /dev/null
diff --git a/tests/qapi-schema/union-branch-invalid-dict.err b/tests/qapi-schema/union-branch-invalid-dict.err
index 8137c5a..001cdec 100644
--- a/tests/qapi-schema/union-branch-invalid-dict.err
+++ b/tests/qapi-schema/union-branch-invalid-dict.err
@@ -1,2 +1,2 @@
 union-branch-invalid-dict.json: In union 'UnionInvalidBranch':
-union-branch-invalid-dict.json:2: 'data' member 'integer' misses key 'type'
+union-branch-invalid-dict.json:4: 'data' member 'integer' misses key 'type'
diff --git a/tests/qapi-schema/union-branch-invalid-dict.json b/tests/qapi-schema/union-branch-invalid-dict.json
index 9778598..c7c81c0 100644
--- a/tests/qapi-schema/union-branch-invalid-dict.json
+++ b/tests/qapi-schema/union-branch-invalid-dict.json
@@ -1,4 +1,8 @@
 # Long form of member must have a value member 'type'
+{ 'enum': 'TestEnum',
+  'data': [ 'integer', 's8' ] }
 { 'union': 'UnionInvalidBranch',
+  'base': { 'type': 'TestEnum' },
+  'discriminator': 'type',
   'data': { 'integer': { 'if': 'foo'},
             's8': 'int8' } }
diff --git a/tests/qapi-schema/union-clash-branches.err b/tests/qapi-schema/union-clash-branches.err
deleted file mode 100644
index ef53645..0000000
--- a/tests/qapi-schema/union-clash-branches.err
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,2 +0,0 @@
-union-clash-branches.json: In union 'TestUnion':
-union-clash-branches.json:6: name of 'data' member 'a_b' must not use uppercase or '_'
diff --git a/tests/qapi-schema/union-clash-branches.json b/tests/qapi-schema/union-clash-branches.json
deleted file mode 100644
index 7bdda0b..0000000
--- a/tests/qapi-schema/union-clash-branches.json
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,7 +0,0 @@
-# Union branch name collision
-# Naming rules make collision impossible (even with the pragma).  If
-# that wasn't the case, then we'd get collisions in generated C: two
-# union members a_b, and two enum members TEST_UNION_A_B.
-{ 'pragma': { 'member-name-exceptions': [ 'TestUnion' ] } }
-{ 'union': 'TestUnion',
-  'data': { 'a-b': 'int', 'a_b': 'str' } }
diff --git a/tests/qapi-schema/union-clash-branches.out b/tests/qapi-schema/union-clash-branches.out
deleted file mode 100644
index e69de29..0000000
--- a/tests/qapi-schema/union-clash-branches.out
+++ /dev/null
diff --git a/tests/qapi-schema/union-clash-member.err b/tests/qapi-schema/union-clash-member.err
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c1f3a02
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/qapi-schema/union-clash-member.err
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+union-clash-member.json: In union 'TestUnion':
+union-clash-member.json:11: member 'name' of type 'Branch1' collides with member 'name' of type 'Base'
diff --git a/tests/qapi-schema/flat-union-clash-member.json b/tests/qapi-schema/union-clash-member.json
index 9efc771..9efc771 100644
--- a/tests/qapi-schema/flat-union-clash-member.json
+++ b/tests/qapi-schema/union-clash-member.json
diff --git a/tests/qapi-schema/flat-union-clash-member.out b/tests/qapi-schema/union-clash-member.out
index e69de29..e69de29 100644
--- a/tests/qapi-schema/flat-union-clash-member.out
+++ b/tests/qapi-schema/union-clash-member.out
diff --git a/tests/qapi-schema/union-discriminator-bad-name.err b/tests/qapi-schema/union-discriminator-bad-name.err
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5793e9a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/qapi-schema/union-discriminator-bad-name.err
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+union-discriminator-bad-name.json: In union 'MyUnion':
+union-discriminator-bad-name.json:6: discriminator '*switch' is not a member of 'base'
diff --git a/tests/qapi-schema/flat-union-discriminator-bad-name.json b/tests/qapi-schema/union-discriminator-bad-name.json
index 3ae8c06..3ae8c06 100644
--- a/tests/qapi-schema/flat-union-discriminator-bad-name.json
+++ b/tests/qapi-schema/union-discriminator-bad-name.json
diff --git a/tests/qapi-schema/flat-union-discriminator-bad-name.out b/tests/qapi-schema/union-discriminator-bad-name.out
index e69de29..e69de29 100644
--- a/tests/qapi-schema/flat-union-discriminator-bad-name.out
+++ b/tests/qapi-schema/union-discriminator-bad-name.out
diff --git a/tests/qapi-schema/union-empty.err b/tests/qapi-schema/union-empty.err
index 59788c9..d428439 100644
--- a/tests/qapi-schema/union-empty.err
+++ b/tests/qapi-schema/union-empty.err
@@ -1,2 +1,2 @@
 union-empty.json: In union 'Union':
-union-empty.json:2: union has no branches
+union-empty.json:4: union has no branches
diff --git a/tests/qapi-schema/union-empty.json b/tests/qapi-schema/union-empty.json
index df3e5e6..584ed60 100644
--- a/tests/qapi-schema/union-empty.json
+++ b/tests/qapi-schema/union-empty.json
@@ -1,2 +1,4 @@
-# simple unions cannot be empty
-{ 'union': 'Union', 'data': { } }
+# union discriminator enum cannot be empty
+{ 'enum': 'Empty', 'data': [ ] }
+{ 'struct': 'Base', 'data': { 'type': 'Empty' } }
+{ 'union': 'Union', 'base': 'Base', 'discriminator': 'type', 'data': { } }
diff --git a/tests/qapi-schema/union-inline-invalid-dict.err b/tests/qapi-schema/union-inline-invalid-dict.err
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..25ddf7c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/qapi-schema/union-inline-invalid-dict.err
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+union-inline-invalid-dict.json: In union 'TestUnion':
+union-inline-invalid-dict.json:7: 'data' member 'value1' misses key 'type'
diff --git a/tests/qapi-schema/flat-union-inline-invalid-dict.json b/tests/qapi-schema/union-inline-invalid-dict.json
index 1779712..1779712 100644
--- a/tests/qapi-schema/flat-union-inline-invalid-dict.json
+++ b/tests/qapi-schema/union-inline-invalid-dict.json
diff --git a/tests/qapi-schema/flat-union-empty.out b/tests/qapi-schema/union-inline-invalid-dict.out
index e69de29..e69de29 100644
--- a/tests/qapi-schema/flat-union-empty.out
+++ b/tests/qapi-schema/union-inline-invalid-dict.out
diff --git a/tests/qapi-schema/union-int-branch.err b/tests/qapi-schema/union-int-branch.err
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8fdc81e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/qapi-schema/union-int-branch.err
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+union-int-branch.json: In union 'TestUnion':
+union-int-branch.json:8: branch 'value1' cannot use built-in type 'int'
diff --git a/tests/qapi-schema/flat-union-int-branch.json b/tests/qapi-schema/union-int-branch.json
index 9370c34..567043d 100644
--- a/tests/qapi-schema/flat-union-int-branch.json
+++ b/tests/qapi-schema/union-int-branch.json
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-# we require flat union branches to be a struct
+# we require union branches to be a struct
 { 'enum': 'TestEnum',
   'data': [ 'value1', 'value2' ] }
 { 'struct': 'Base',
diff --git a/tests/qapi-schema/flat-union-inline-invalid-dict.out b/tests/qapi-schema/union-int-branch.out
index e69de29..e69de29 100644
--- a/tests/qapi-schema/flat-union-inline-invalid-dict.out
+++ b/tests/qapi-schema/union-int-branch.out
diff --git a/tests/qapi-schema/union-invalid-branch-key.err b/tests/qapi-schema/union-invalid-branch-key.err
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bf58800
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/qapi-schema/union-invalid-branch-key.err
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+union-invalid-branch-key.json: In union 'TestUnion':
+union-invalid-branch-key.json:13: branch 'value_wrong' is not a value of enum type 'TestEnum'
diff --git a/tests/qapi-schema/flat-union-invalid-branch-key.json b/tests/qapi-schema/union-invalid-branch-key.json
index 95ff774..95ff774 100644
--- a/tests/qapi-schema/flat-union-invalid-branch-key.json
+++ b/tests/qapi-schema/union-invalid-branch-key.json
diff --git a/tests/qapi-schema/flat-union-int-branch.out b/tests/qapi-schema/union-invalid-branch-key.out
index e69de29..e69de29 100644
--- a/tests/qapi-schema/flat-union-int-branch.out
+++ b/tests/qapi-schema/union-invalid-branch-key.out
diff --git a/tests/qapi-schema/union-invalid-discriminator.err b/tests/qapi-schema/union-invalid-discriminator.err
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..38efb24
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/qapi-schema/union-invalid-discriminator.err
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+union-invalid-discriminator.json: In union 'TestUnion':
+union-invalid-discriminator.json:10: discriminator 'enum_wrong' is not a member of 'base'
diff --git a/tests/qapi-schema/flat-union-invalid-discriminator.json b/tests/qapi-schema/union-invalid-discriminator.json
index c4fce97..c4fce97 100644
--- a/tests/qapi-schema/flat-union-invalid-discriminator.json
+++ b/tests/qapi-schema/union-invalid-discriminator.json
diff --git a/tests/qapi-schema/flat-union-invalid-branch-key.out b/tests/qapi-schema/union-invalid-discriminator.out
index e69de29..e69de29 100644
--- a/tests/qapi-schema/flat-union-invalid-branch-key.out
+++ b/tests/qapi-schema/union-invalid-discriminator.out
diff --git a/tests/qapi-schema/union-invalid-if-discriminator.err b/tests/qapi-schema/union-invalid-if-discriminator.err
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3f41d03
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/qapi-schema/union-invalid-if-discriminator.err
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+union-invalid-if-discriminator.json: In union 'TestUnion':
+union-invalid-if-discriminator.json:10: discriminator member 'enum1' of 'base' must not be conditional
diff --git a/tests/qapi-schema/flat-union-invalid-if-discriminator.json b/tests/qapi-schema/union-invalid-if-discriminator.json
index e49992b..e49992b 100644
--- a/tests/qapi-schema/flat-union-invalid-if-discriminator.json
+++ b/tests/qapi-schema/union-invalid-if-discriminator.json
diff --git a/tests/qapi-schema/flat-union-invalid-discriminator.out b/tests/qapi-schema/union-invalid-if-discriminator.out
index e69de29..e69de29 100644
--- a/tests/qapi-schema/flat-union-invalid-discriminator.out
+++ b/tests/qapi-schema/union-invalid-if-discriminator.out
diff --git a/tests/qapi-schema/union-no-base.err b/tests/qapi-schema/union-no-base.err
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cbf12ac
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/qapi-schema/union-no-base.err
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+union-no-base.json: In union 'TestUnion':
+union-no-base.json:8: union misses key 'base'
diff --git a/tests/qapi-schema/flat-union-no-base.json b/tests/qapi-schema/union-no-base.json
index 327877b..f6fe12d 100644
--- a/tests/qapi-schema/flat-union-no-base.json
+++ b/tests/qapi-schema/union-no-base.json
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-# flat unions require a base
+# unions require a base
 { 'struct': 'TestTypeA',
   'data': { 'string': 'str' } }
 { 'struct': 'TestTypeB',
diff --git a/tests/qapi-schema/flat-union-invalid-if-discriminator.out b/tests/qapi-schema/union-no-base.out
index e69de29..e69de29 100644
--- a/tests/qapi-schema/flat-union-invalid-if-discriminator.out
+++ b/tests/qapi-schema/union-no-base.out
diff --git a/tests/qapi-schema/union-optional-branch.err b/tests/qapi-schema/union-optional-branch.err
deleted file mode 100644
index b33f111..0000000
--- a/tests/qapi-schema/union-optional-branch.err
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,2 +0,0 @@
-union-optional-branch.json: In union 'Union':
-union-optional-branch.json:2: 'data' member '*a' has an invalid name
diff --git a/tests/qapi-schema/union-optional-branch.json b/tests/qapi-schema/union-optional-branch.json
deleted file mode 100644
index 591615f..0000000
--- a/tests/qapi-schema/union-optional-branch.json
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,2 +0,0 @@
-# union branches cannot be optional
-{ 'union': 'Union', 'data': { '*a': 'int', 'b': 'str' } }
diff --git a/tests/qapi-schema/union-optional-branch.out b/tests/qapi-schema/union-optional-branch.out
deleted file mode 100644
index e69de29..0000000
--- a/tests/qapi-schema/union-optional-branch.out
+++ /dev/null
diff --git a/tests/qapi-schema/union-optional-discriminator.err b/tests/qapi-schema/union-optional-discriminator.err
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8d980bd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/qapi-schema/union-optional-discriminator.err
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+union-optional-discriminator.json: In union 'MyUnion':
+union-optional-discriminator.json:6: discriminator member 'switch' of base type 'Base' must not be optional
diff --git a/tests/qapi-schema/flat-union-optional-discriminator.json b/tests/qapi-schema/union-optional-discriminator.json
index 2e7f766..2e7f766 100644
--- a/tests/qapi-schema/flat-union-optional-discriminator.json
+++ b/tests/qapi-schema/union-optional-discriminator.json
diff --git a/tests/qapi-schema/flat-union-no-base.out b/tests/qapi-schema/union-optional-discriminator.out
index e69de29..e69de29 100644
--- a/tests/qapi-schema/flat-union-no-base.out
+++ b/tests/qapi-schema/union-optional-discriminator.out
diff --git a/tests/qapi-schema/union-string-discriminator.err b/tests/qapi-schema/union-string-discriminator.err
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..eccbe68
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/qapi-schema/union-string-discriminator.err
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+union-string-discriminator.json: In union 'TestUnion':
+union-string-discriminator.json:13: discriminator member 'kind' of base type 'TestBase' must be of enum type
diff --git a/tests/qapi-schema/flat-union-string-discriminator.json b/tests/qapi-schema/union-string-discriminator.json
index 8af6033..8af6033 100644
--- a/tests/qapi-schema/flat-union-string-discriminator.json
+++ b/tests/qapi-schema/union-string-discriminator.json
diff --git a/tests/qapi-schema/flat-union-optional-discriminator.out b/tests/qapi-schema/union-string-discriminator.out
index e69de29..e69de29 100644
--- a/tests/qapi-schema/flat-union-optional-discriminator.out
+++ b/tests/qapi-schema/union-string-discriminator.out
diff --git a/tests/qapi-schema/union-unknown.err b/tests/qapi-schema/union-unknown.err
index 7aba9f9..dad79be 100644
--- a/tests/qapi-schema/union-unknown.err
+++ b/tests/qapi-schema/union-unknown.err
@@ -1,2 +1,2 @@
 union-unknown.json: In union 'Union':
-union-unknown.json:2: union uses unknown type 'MissingType'
+union-unknown.json:3: branch 'unknown' uses unknown type 'MissingType'
diff --git a/tests/qapi-schema/union-unknown.json b/tests/qapi-schema/union-unknown.json
index 64d3666..4736f1a 100644
--- a/tests/qapi-schema/union-unknown.json
+++ b/tests/qapi-schema/union-unknown.json
@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
 # we reject a union with unknown type in branch
+{ 'enum': 'Enum', 'data': [ 'unknown' ] }
 { 'union': 'Union',
-  'data': { 'unknown': ['MissingType'] } }
+  'base': { 'type': 'Enum' },
+  'discriminator': 'type',
+  'data': { 'unknown': 'MissingType' } }
diff --git a/tests/unit/test-clone-visitor.c b/tests/unit/test-clone-visitor.c
index 4944b3d..5d48e12 100644
--- a/tests/unit/test-clone-visitor.c
+++ b/tests/unit/test-clone-visitor.c
@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ static void test_clone_alternate(void)
     qapi_free_AltEnumBool(s_dst);
 }
 
-static void test_clone_list_union(void)
+static void test_clone_list(void)
 {
     uint8List *src = NULL, *dst;
     uint8List *tmp = NULL;
@@ -99,18 +99,26 @@ static void test_clone_empty(void)
 
 static void test_clone_complex1(void)
 {
-    UserDefListUnion *src, *dst;
+    UserDefFlatUnion *src, *dst;
 
-    src = g_new0(UserDefListUnion, 1);
-    src->type = USER_DEF_LIST_UNION_KIND_STRING;
+    src = g_new0(UserDefFlatUnion, 1);
+    src->integer = 123;
+    src->string = g_strdup("abc");
+    src->enum1 = ENUM_ONE_VALUE1;
+    src->u.value1.boolean = true;
 
-    dst = QAPI_CLONE(UserDefListUnion, src);
+    dst = QAPI_CLONE(UserDefFlatUnion, src);
     g_assert(dst);
-    g_assert_cmpint(dst->type, ==, src->type);
-    g_assert(!dst->u.string.data);
 
-    qapi_free_UserDefListUnion(src);
-    qapi_free_UserDefListUnion(dst);
+    g_assert_cmpint(dst->integer, ==, 123);
+    g_assert_cmpstr(dst->string, ==, "abc");
+    g_assert_cmpint(dst->enum1, ==, ENUM_ONE_VALUE1);
+    g_assert(dst->u.value1.boolean);
+    g_assert(!dst->u.value1.has_a_b);
+    g_assert_cmpint(dst->u.value1.a_b, ==, 0);
+
+    qapi_free_UserDefFlatUnion(src);
+    qapi_free_UserDefFlatUnion(dst);
 }
 
 static void test_clone_complex2(void)
@@ -145,42 +153,48 @@ static void test_clone_complex2(void)
 
 static void test_clone_complex3(void)
 {
-    __org_qemu_x_Struct2 *src, *dst;
-    __org_qemu_x_Union1List *tmp;
-
-    src = g_new0(__org_qemu_x_Struct2, 1);
-    tmp = src->array = g_new0(__org_qemu_x_Union1List, 1);
-    tmp->value = g_new0(__org_qemu_x_Union1, 1);
-    tmp->value->type = ORG_QEMU_X_UNION1_KIND___ORG_QEMU_X_BRANCH;
-    tmp->value->u.__org_qemu_x_branch.data = g_strdup("one");
-    tmp = tmp->next = g_new0(__org_qemu_x_Union1List, 1);
-    tmp->value = g_new0(__org_qemu_x_Union1, 1);
-    tmp->value->type = ORG_QEMU_X_UNION1_KIND___ORG_QEMU_X_BRANCH;
-    tmp->value->u.__org_qemu_x_branch.data = g_strdup("two");
-    tmp = tmp->next = g_new0(__org_qemu_x_Union1List, 1);
-    tmp->value = g_new0(__org_qemu_x_Union1, 1);
-    tmp->value->type = ORG_QEMU_X_UNION1_KIND___ORG_QEMU_X_BRANCH;
-    tmp->value->u.__org_qemu_x_branch.data = g_strdup("three");
-
-    dst = QAPI_CLONE(__org_qemu_x_Struct2, src);
-    g_assert(dst);
-    tmp = dst->array;
-    g_assert(tmp);
-    g_assert(tmp->value);
-    g_assert_cmpstr(tmp->value->u.__org_qemu_x_branch.data, ==, "one");
-    tmp = tmp->next;
-    g_assert(tmp);
-    g_assert(tmp->value);
-    g_assert_cmpstr(tmp->value->u.__org_qemu_x_branch.data, ==, "two");
-    tmp = tmp->next;
-    g_assert(tmp);
-    g_assert(tmp->value);
-    g_assert_cmpstr(tmp->value->u.__org_qemu_x_branch.data, ==, "three");
-    tmp = tmp->next;
-    g_assert(!tmp);
+    UserDefOneList *src, *dst, *tail;
+    UserDefOne *elt;
+
+    src = NULL;
+    elt = g_new0(UserDefOne, 1);
+    elt->integer = 3;
+    elt->string = g_strdup("three");
+    elt->has_enum1 = true;
+    elt->enum1 = ENUM_ONE_VALUE3;
+    QAPI_LIST_PREPEND(src, elt);
+    elt = g_new0(UserDefOne, 1);
+    elt->integer = 2;
+    elt->string = g_strdup("two");
+    QAPI_LIST_PREPEND(src, elt);
+    elt = g_new0(UserDefOne, 1);
+    elt->integer = 1;
+    elt->string = g_strdup("one");
+    QAPI_LIST_PREPEND(src, elt);
+
+    dst = QAPI_CLONE(UserDefOneList, src);
 
-    qapi_free___org_qemu_x_Struct2(src);
-    qapi_free___org_qemu_x_Struct2(dst);
+    g_assert(dst);
+    tail = dst;
+    elt = tail->value;
+    g_assert_cmpint(elt->integer, ==, 1);
+    g_assert_cmpstr(elt->string, ==, "one");
+    g_assert(!elt->has_enum1);
+    tail = tail->next;
+    elt = tail->value;
+    g_assert_cmpint(elt->integer, ==, 2);
+    g_assert_cmpstr(elt->string, ==, "two");
+    g_assert(!elt->has_enum1);
+    tail = tail->next;
+    elt = tail->value;
+    g_assert_cmpint(elt->integer, ==, 3);
+    g_assert_cmpstr(elt->string, ==, "three");
+    g_assert(elt->has_enum1);
+    g_assert_cmpint(elt->enum1, ==, ENUM_ONE_VALUE3);
+    g_assert(!tail->next);
+
+    qapi_free_UserDefOneList(src);
+    qapi_free_UserDefOneList(dst);
 }
 
 int main(int argc, char **argv)
@@ -189,7 +203,7 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv)
 
     g_test_add_func("/visitor/clone/struct", test_clone_struct);
     g_test_add_func("/visitor/clone/alternate", test_clone_alternate);
-    g_test_add_func("/visitor/clone/list_union", test_clone_list_union);
+    g_test_add_func("/visitor/clone/list", test_clone_list);
     g_test_add_func("/visitor/clone/empty", test_clone_empty);
     g_test_add_func("/visitor/clone/complex1", test_clone_complex1);
     g_test_add_func("/visitor/clone/complex2", test_clone_complex2);
diff --git a/tests/unit/test-qmp-cmds.c b/tests/unit/test-qmp-cmds.c
index 83efa39..faa8586 100644
--- a/tests/unit/test-qmp-cmds.c
+++ b/tests/unit/test-qmp-cmds.c
@@ -119,7 +119,7 @@ void qmp_boxed_struct(UserDefZero *arg, Error **errp)
 {
 }
 
-void qmp_boxed_union(UserDefListUnion *arg, Error **errp)
+void qmp_boxed_union(UserDefFlatUnion *arg, Error **errp)
 {
 }
 
@@ -127,22 +127,16 @@ void qmp_boxed_empty(Empty1 *arg, Error **errp)
 {
 }
 
-__org_qemu_x_Union1 *qmp___org_qemu_x_command(__org_qemu_x_EnumList *a,
-                                              __org_qemu_x_StructList *b,
-                                              __org_qemu_x_Union2 *c,
-                                              __org_qemu_x_Alt *d,
-                                              Error **errp)
+void qmp___org_qemu_x_command(__org_qemu_x_EnumList *a,
+                              __org_qemu_x_StructList *b,
+                              __org_qemu_x_Union *c,
+                              __org_qemu_x_Alt *d,
+                              Error **errp)
 {
-    __org_qemu_x_Union1 *ret = g_new0(__org_qemu_x_Union1, 1);
-
-    ret->type = ORG_QEMU_X_UNION1_KIND___ORG_QEMU_X_BRANCH;
-    ret->u.__org_qemu_x_branch.data = strdup("blah1");
-
     /* Also test that 'wchar-t' was munged to 'q_wchar_t' */
     if (b && b->value && !b->value->has_q_wchar_t) {
         b->value->q_wchar_t = 1;
     }
-    return ret;
 }
 
 
diff --git a/tests/unit/test-qobject-input-visitor.c b/tests/unit/test-qobject-input-visitor.c
index e41b91a..6f59a7f 100644
--- a/tests/unit/test-qobject-input-visitor.c
+++ b/tests/unit/test-qobject-input-visitor.c
@@ -464,6 +464,151 @@ static void test_visitor_in_list(TestInputVisitorData *data,
     g_assert(!head);
 }
 
+static void test_visitor_in_list_struct(TestInputVisitorData *data,
+                                        const void *unused)
+{
+    const char *int_member[] = {
+        "integer", "s8", "s16", "s32", "s64", "u8", "u16", "u32", "u64" };
+    g_autoptr(GString) json = g_string_new("");
+    int i, j;
+    const char *sep;
+    g_autoptr(ArrayStruct) arrs = NULL;
+    Visitor *v;
+    intList *int_list;
+    int8List *s8_list;
+    int16List *s16_list;
+    int32List *s32_list;
+    int64List *s64_list;
+    uint8List *u8_list;
+    uint16List *u16_list;
+    uint32List *u32_list;
+    uint64List *u64_list;
+    numberList *num_list;
+    boolList *bool_list;
+    strList *str_list;
+
+    g_string_append_printf(json, "{");
+
+    for (i = 0; i < G_N_ELEMENTS(int_member); i++) {
+        g_string_append_printf(json, "'%s': [", int_member[i]);
+        sep = "";
+        for (j = 0; j < 32; j++) {
+            g_string_append_printf(json, "%s%d", sep, j);
+            sep = ", ";
+        }
+        g_string_append_printf(json, "], ");
+    }
+
+    g_string_append_printf(json, "'number': [");
+    sep = "";
+    for (i = 0; i < 32; i++) {
+        g_string_append_printf(json, "%s%f", sep, (double)i / 3);
+        sep = ", ";
+    }
+    g_string_append_printf(json, "], ");
+
+    g_string_append_printf(json, "'boolean': [");
+    sep = "";
+    for (i = 0; i < 32; i++) {
+        g_string_append_printf(json, "%s%s",
+                               sep, i % 3 == 0 ? "true" : "false");
+        sep = ", ";
+    }
+    g_string_append_printf(json, "], ");
+
+    g_string_append_printf(json, "'string': [");
+    sep = "";
+    for (i = 0; i < 32; i++) {
+        g_string_append_printf(json, "%s'%d'", sep, i);
+        sep = ", ";
+    }
+    g_string_append_printf(json, "]");
+
+    g_string_append_printf(json, "}");
+
+    v = visitor_input_test_init_raw(data, json->str);
+    visit_type_ArrayStruct(v, NULL, &arrs, &error_abort);
+
+    i = 0;
+    for (int_list = arrs->integer; int_list; int_list = int_list->next) {
+        g_assert_cmpint(int_list->value, ==, i);
+        i++;
+    }
+
+    i = 0;
+    for (s8_list = arrs->s8; s8_list; s8_list = s8_list->next) {
+        g_assert_cmpint(s8_list->value, ==, i);
+        i++;
+    }
+
+    i = 0;
+    for (s16_list = arrs->s16; s16_list; s16_list = s16_list->next) {
+        g_assert_cmpint(s16_list->value, ==, i);
+        i++;
+    }
+
+    i = 0;
+    for (s32_list = arrs->s32; s32_list; s32_list = s32_list->next) {
+        g_assert_cmpint(s32_list->value, ==, i);
+        i++;
+    }
+
+    i = 0;
+    for (s64_list = arrs->s64; s64_list; s64_list = s64_list->next) {
+        g_assert_cmpint(s64_list->value, ==, i);
+        i++;
+    }
+
+    i = 0;
+    for (u8_list = arrs->u8; u8_list; u8_list = u8_list->next) {
+        g_assert_cmpint(u8_list->value, ==, i);
+        i++;
+    }
+
+    i = 0;
+    for (u16_list = arrs->u16; u16_list; u16_list = u16_list->next) {
+        g_assert_cmpint(u16_list->value, ==, i);
+        i++;
+    }
+
+    i = 0;
+    for (u32_list = arrs->u32; u32_list; u32_list = u32_list->next) {
+        g_assert_cmpint(u32_list->value, ==, i);
+        i++;
+    }
+
+    i = 0;
+    for (u64_list = arrs->u64; u64_list; u64_list = u64_list->next) {
+        g_assert_cmpint(u64_list->value, ==, i);
+        i++;
+    }
+
+    i = 0;
+    for (num_list = arrs->number; num_list; num_list = num_list->next) {
+        char expected[32], actual[32];
+
+        sprintf(expected, "%.6f", (double)i / 3);
+        sprintf(actual, "%.6f", num_list->value);
+        g_assert_cmpstr(expected, ==, actual);
+        i++;
+    }
+
+    i = 0;
+    for (bool_list = arrs->boolean; bool_list; bool_list = bool_list->next) {
+        g_assert_cmpint(bool_list->value, ==, i % 3 == 0);
+        i++;
+    }
+
+    i = 0;
+    for (str_list = arrs->string; str_list; str_list = str_list->next) {
+        char expected[32];
+
+        sprintf(expected, "%d", i);
+        g_assert_cmpstr(str_list->value, ==, expected);
+        i++;
+    }
+}
+
 static void test_visitor_in_any(TestInputVisitorData *data,
                                 const void *unused)
 {
@@ -682,276 +827,6 @@ static void test_visitor_in_alternate_number(TestInputVisitorData *data,
     qapi_free_AltEnumInt(asi);
 }
 
-static void test_list_union_integer_helper(TestInputVisitorData *data,
-                                           const void *unused,
-                                           UserDefListUnionKind kind)
-{
-    g_autoptr(UserDefListUnion) cvalue = NULL;
-    Visitor *v;
-    GString *gstr_list = g_string_new("");
-    GString *gstr_union = g_string_new("");
-    int i;
-
-    for (i = 0; i < 32; i++) {
-        g_string_append_printf(gstr_list, "%d", i);
-        if (i != 31) {
-            g_string_append(gstr_list, ", ");
-        }
-    }
-    g_string_append_printf(gstr_union,  "{ 'type': '%s', 'data': [ %s ] }",
-                           UserDefListUnionKind_str(kind),
-                           gstr_list->str);
-    v = visitor_input_test_init_raw(data,  gstr_union->str);
-
-    visit_type_UserDefListUnion(v, NULL, &cvalue, &error_abort);
-    g_assert(cvalue != NULL);
-    g_assert_cmpint(cvalue->type, ==, kind);
-
-    switch (kind) {
-    case USER_DEF_LIST_UNION_KIND_INTEGER: {
-        intList *elem = NULL;
-        for (i = 0, elem = cvalue->u.integer.data;
-             elem; elem = elem->next, i++) {
-            g_assert_cmpint(elem->value, ==, i);
-        }
-        break;
-    }
-    case USER_DEF_LIST_UNION_KIND_S8: {
-        int8List *elem = NULL;
-        for (i = 0, elem = cvalue->u.s8.data; elem; elem = elem->next, i++) {
-            g_assert_cmpint(elem->value, ==, i);
-        }
-        break;
-    }
-    case USER_DEF_LIST_UNION_KIND_S16: {
-        int16List *elem = NULL;
-        for (i = 0, elem = cvalue->u.s16.data; elem; elem = elem->next, i++) {
-            g_assert_cmpint(elem->value, ==, i);
-        }
-        break;
-    }
-    case USER_DEF_LIST_UNION_KIND_S32: {
-        int32List *elem = NULL;
-        for (i = 0, elem = cvalue->u.s32.data; elem; elem = elem->next, i++) {
-            g_assert_cmpint(elem->value, ==, i);
-        }
-        break;
-    }
-    case USER_DEF_LIST_UNION_KIND_S64: {
-        int64List *elem = NULL;
-        for (i = 0, elem = cvalue->u.s64.data; elem; elem = elem->next, i++) {
-            g_assert_cmpint(elem->value, ==, i);
-        }
-        break;
-    }
-    case USER_DEF_LIST_UNION_KIND_U8: {
-        uint8List *elem = NULL;
-        for (i = 0, elem = cvalue->u.u8.data; elem; elem = elem->next, i++) {
-            g_assert_cmpint(elem->value, ==, i);
-        }
-        break;
-    }
-    case USER_DEF_LIST_UNION_KIND_U16: {
-        uint16List *elem = NULL;
-        for (i = 0, elem = cvalue->u.u16.data; elem; elem = elem->next, i++) {
-            g_assert_cmpint(elem->value, ==, i);
-        }
-        break;
-    }
-    case USER_DEF_LIST_UNION_KIND_U32: {
-        uint32List *elem = NULL;
-        for (i = 0, elem = cvalue->u.u32.data; elem; elem = elem->next, i++) {
-            g_assert_cmpint(elem->value, ==, i);
-        }
-        break;
-    }
-    case USER_DEF_LIST_UNION_KIND_U64: {
-        uint64List *elem = NULL;
-        for (i = 0, elem = cvalue->u.u64.data; elem; elem = elem->next, i++) {
-            g_assert_cmpint(elem->value, ==, i);
-        }
-        break;
-    }
-    default:
-        g_assert_not_reached();
-    }
-
-    g_string_free(gstr_union, true);
-    g_string_free(gstr_list, true);
-}
-
-static void test_visitor_in_list_union_int(TestInputVisitorData *data,
-                                           const void *unused)
-{
-    test_list_union_integer_helper(data, unused,
-                                   USER_DEF_LIST_UNION_KIND_INTEGER);
-}
-
-static void test_visitor_in_list_union_int8(TestInputVisitorData *data,
-                                            const void *unused)
-{
-    test_list_union_integer_helper(data, unused,
-                                   USER_DEF_LIST_UNION_KIND_S8);
-}
-
-static void test_visitor_in_list_union_int16(TestInputVisitorData *data,
-                                             const void *unused)
-{
-    test_list_union_integer_helper(data, unused,
-                                   USER_DEF_LIST_UNION_KIND_S16);
-}
-
-static void test_visitor_in_list_union_int32(TestInputVisitorData *data,
-                                             const void *unused)
-{
-    test_list_union_integer_helper(data, unused,
-                                   USER_DEF_LIST_UNION_KIND_S32);
-}
-
-static void test_visitor_in_list_union_int64(TestInputVisitorData *data,
-                                             const void *unused)
-{
-    test_list_union_integer_helper(data, unused,
-                                   USER_DEF_LIST_UNION_KIND_S64);
-}
-
-static void test_visitor_in_list_union_uint8(TestInputVisitorData *data,
-                                             const void *unused)
-{
-    test_list_union_integer_helper(data, unused,
-                                   USER_DEF_LIST_UNION_KIND_U8);
-}
-
-static void test_visitor_in_list_union_uint16(TestInputVisitorData *data,
-                                              const void *unused)
-{
-    test_list_union_integer_helper(data, unused,
-                                   USER_DEF_LIST_UNION_KIND_U16);
-}
-
-static void test_visitor_in_list_union_uint32(TestInputVisitorData *data,
-                                              const void *unused)
-{
-    test_list_union_integer_helper(data, unused,
-                                   USER_DEF_LIST_UNION_KIND_U32);
-}
-
-static void test_visitor_in_list_union_uint64(TestInputVisitorData *data,
-                                              const void *unused)
-{
-    test_list_union_integer_helper(data, unused,
-                                   USER_DEF_LIST_UNION_KIND_U64);
-}
-
-static void test_visitor_in_list_union_bool(TestInputVisitorData *data,
-                                            const void *unused)
-{
-    g_autoptr(UserDefListUnion) cvalue = NULL;
-    boolList *elem = NULL;
-    Visitor *v;
-    GString *gstr_list = g_string_new("");
-    GString *gstr_union = g_string_new("");
-    int i;
-
-    for (i = 0; i < 32; i++) {
-        g_string_append_printf(gstr_list, "%s",
-                               (i % 3 == 0) ? "true" : "false");
-        if (i != 31) {
-            g_string_append(gstr_list, ", ");
-        }
-    }
-    g_string_append_printf(gstr_union,  "{ 'type': 'boolean', 'data': [ %s ] }",
-                           gstr_list->str);
-    v = visitor_input_test_init_raw(data,  gstr_union->str);
-
-    visit_type_UserDefListUnion(v, NULL, &cvalue, &error_abort);
-    g_assert(cvalue != NULL);
-    g_assert_cmpint(cvalue->type, ==, USER_DEF_LIST_UNION_KIND_BOOLEAN);
-
-    for (i = 0, elem = cvalue->u.boolean.data; elem; elem = elem->next, i++) {
-        g_assert_cmpint(elem->value, ==, (i % 3 == 0) ? 1 : 0);
-    }
-
-    g_string_free(gstr_union, true);
-    g_string_free(gstr_list, true);
-}
-
-static void test_visitor_in_list_union_string(TestInputVisitorData *data,
-                                              const void *unused)
-{
-    g_autoptr(UserDefListUnion) cvalue = NULL;
-    strList *elem = NULL;
-    Visitor *v;
-    GString *gstr_list = g_string_new("");
-    GString *gstr_union = g_string_new("");
-    int i;
-
-    for (i = 0; i < 32; i++) {
-        g_string_append_printf(gstr_list, "'%d'", i);
-        if (i != 31) {
-            g_string_append(gstr_list, ", ");
-        }
-    }
-    g_string_append_printf(gstr_union,  "{ 'type': 'string', 'data': [ %s ] }",
-                           gstr_list->str);
-    v = visitor_input_test_init_raw(data,  gstr_union->str);
-
-    visit_type_UserDefListUnion(v, NULL, &cvalue, &error_abort);
-    g_assert(cvalue != NULL);
-    g_assert_cmpint(cvalue->type, ==, USER_DEF_LIST_UNION_KIND_STRING);
-
-    for (i = 0, elem = cvalue->u.string.data; elem; elem = elem->next, i++) {
-        gchar str[8];
-        sprintf(str, "%d", i);
-        g_assert_cmpstr(elem->value, ==, str);
-    }
-
-    g_string_free(gstr_union, true);
-    g_string_free(gstr_list, true);
-}
-
-#define DOUBLE_STR_MAX 16
-
-static void test_visitor_in_list_union_number(TestInputVisitorData *data,
-                                              const void *unused)
-{
-    g_autoptr(UserDefListUnion) cvalue = NULL;
-    numberList *elem = NULL;
-    Visitor *v;
-    GString *gstr_list = g_string_new("");
-    GString *gstr_union = g_string_new("");
-    int i;
-
-    for (i = 0; i < 32; i++) {
-        g_string_append_printf(gstr_list, "%f", (double)i / 3);
-        if (i != 31) {
-            g_string_append(gstr_list, ", ");
-        }
-    }
-    g_string_append_printf(gstr_union,  "{ 'type': 'number', 'data': [ %s ] }",
-                           gstr_list->str);
-    v = visitor_input_test_init_raw(data,  gstr_union->str);
-
-    visit_type_UserDefListUnion(v, NULL, &cvalue, &error_abort);
-    g_assert(cvalue != NULL);
-    g_assert_cmpint(cvalue->type, ==, USER_DEF_LIST_UNION_KIND_NUMBER);
-
-    for (i = 0, elem = cvalue->u.number.data; elem; elem = elem->next, i++) {
-        GString *double_expected = g_string_new("");
-        GString *double_actual = g_string_new("");
-
-        g_string_printf(double_expected, "%.6f", (double)i / 3);
-        g_string_printf(double_actual, "%.6f", elem->value);
-        g_assert_cmpstr(double_expected->str, ==, double_actual->str);
-
-        g_string_free(double_expected, true);
-        g_string_free(double_actual, true);
-    }
-
-    g_string_free(gstr_union, true);
-    g_string_free(gstr_list, true);
-}
-
 static void input_visitor_test_add(const char *testpath,
                                    const void *user_data,
                                    void (*test_func)(TestInputVisitorData *data,
@@ -1184,21 +1059,6 @@ static void test_visitor_in_fail_list_nested(TestInputVisitorData *data,
     visit_end_list(v, NULL);
 }
 
-static void test_visitor_in_fail_union_list(TestInputVisitorData *data,
-                                            const void *unused)
-{
-    UserDefListUnion *tmp = NULL;
-    Error *err = NULL;
-    Visitor *v;
-
-    v = visitor_input_test_init(data,
-                                "{ 'type': 'integer', 'data' : [ 'string' ] }");
-
-    visit_type_UserDefListUnion(v, NULL, &tmp, &err);
-    error_free_or_abort(&err);
-    g_assert(!tmp);
-}
-
 static void test_visitor_in_fail_union_flat(TestInputVisitorData *data,
                                             const void *unused)
 {
@@ -1206,7 +1066,7 @@ static void test_visitor_in_fail_union_flat(TestInputVisitorData *data,
     Error *err = NULL;
     Visitor *v;
 
-    v = visitor_input_test_init(data, "{ 'string': 'c', 'integer': 41, 'boolean': true }");
+    v = visitor_input_test_init(data, "{ 'enum1': 'value2', 'string': 'c', 'integer': 41, 'boolean': true }");
 
     visit_type_UserDefFlatUnion(v, NULL, &tmp, &err);
     error_free_or_abort(&err);
@@ -1310,6 +1170,8 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv)
                            NULL, test_visitor_in_struct);
     input_visitor_test_add("/visitor/input/struct-nested",
                            NULL, test_visitor_in_struct_nested);
+    input_visitor_test_add("/visitor/input/list2",
+                           NULL, test_visitor_in_list_struct);
     input_visitor_test_add("/visitor/input/list",
                            NULL, test_visitor_in_list);
     input_visitor_test_add("/visitor/input/any",
@@ -1326,30 +1188,6 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv)
                            NULL, test_visitor_in_wrong_type);
     input_visitor_test_add("/visitor/input/alternate-number",
                            NULL, test_visitor_in_alternate_number);
-    input_visitor_test_add("/visitor/input/list_union/int",
-                           NULL, test_visitor_in_list_union_int);
-    input_visitor_test_add("/visitor/input/list_union/int8",
-                           NULL, test_visitor_in_list_union_int8);
-    input_visitor_test_add("/visitor/input/list_union/int16",
-                           NULL, test_visitor_in_list_union_int16);
-    input_visitor_test_add("/visitor/input/list_union/int32",
-                           NULL, test_visitor_in_list_union_int32);
-    input_visitor_test_add("/visitor/input/list_union/int64",
-                           NULL, test_visitor_in_list_union_int64);
-    input_visitor_test_add("/visitor/input/list_union/uint8",
-                           NULL, test_visitor_in_list_union_uint8);
-    input_visitor_test_add("/visitor/input/list_union/uint16",
-                           NULL, test_visitor_in_list_union_uint16);
-    input_visitor_test_add("/visitor/input/list_union/uint32",
-                           NULL, test_visitor_in_list_union_uint32);
-    input_visitor_test_add("/visitor/input/list_union/uint64",
-                           NULL, test_visitor_in_list_union_uint64);
-    input_visitor_test_add("/visitor/input/list_union/bool",
-                           NULL, test_visitor_in_list_union_bool);
-    input_visitor_test_add("/visitor/input/list_union/str",
-                           NULL, test_visitor_in_list_union_string);
-    input_visitor_test_add("/visitor/input/list_union/number",
-                           NULL, test_visitor_in_list_union_number);
     input_visitor_test_add("/visitor/input/fail/struct",
                            NULL, test_visitor_in_fail_struct);
     input_visitor_test_add("/visitor/input/fail/struct-nested",
@@ -1368,8 +1206,6 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv)
                            NULL, test_visitor_in_fail_union_flat_no_discrim);
     input_visitor_test_add("/visitor/input/fail/alternate",
                            NULL, test_visitor_in_fail_alternate);
-    input_visitor_test_add("/visitor/input/fail/union-list",
-                           NULL, test_visitor_in_fail_union_list);
     input_visitor_test_add("/visitor/input/qapi-introspect",
                            NULL, test_visitor_in_qmp_introspect);
 
diff --git a/tests/unit/test-qobject-output-visitor.c b/tests/unit/test-qobject-output-visitor.c
index 9dc1e07..34d67a4 100644
--- a/tests/unit/test-qobject-output-visitor.c
+++ b/tests/unit/test-qobject-output-visitor.c
@@ -437,289 +437,118 @@ static void test_visitor_out_null(TestOutputVisitorData *data,
     g_assert(qobject_type(nil) == QTYPE_QNULL);
 }
 
-static void init_list_union(UserDefListUnion *cvalue)
+static void test_visitor_out_list_struct(TestOutputVisitorData *data,
+                                         const void *unused)
 {
-    int i;
-    switch (cvalue->type) {
-    case USER_DEF_LIST_UNION_KIND_INTEGER: {
-        intList **tail = &cvalue->u.integer.data;
-        for (i = 0; i < 32; i++) {
-            QAPI_LIST_APPEND(tail, i);
-        }
-        break;
-    }
-    case USER_DEF_LIST_UNION_KIND_S8: {
-        int8List **tail = &cvalue->u.s8.data;
-        for (i = 0; i < 32; i++) {
-            QAPI_LIST_APPEND(tail, i);
-        }
-        break;
+    const char *int_member[] = {
+        "integer", "s8", "s16", "s32", "s64", "u8", "u16", "u32", "u64" };
+    g_autoptr(ArrayStruct) arrs = g_new0(ArrayStruct, 1);
+    int i, j;
+    QDict *qdict;
+    QList *qlist;
+    QListEntry *e;
+
+    for (i = 31; i >= 0; i--) {
+        QAPI_LIST_PREPEND(arrs->integer, i);
     }
-    case USER_DEF_LIST_UNION_KIND_S16: {
-        int16List **tail = &cvalue->u.s16.data;
-        for (i = 0; i < 32; i++) {
-            QAPI_LIST_APPEND(tail, i);
-        }
-        break;
+
+    for (i = 31; i >= 0; i--) {
+        QAPI_LIST_PREPEND(arrs->s8, i);
     }
-    case USER_DEF_LIST_UNION_KIND_S32: {
-        int32List **tail = &cvalue->u.s32.data;
-        for (i = 0; i < 32; i++) {
-            QAPI_LIST_APPEND(tail, i);
-        }
-        break;
+
+    for (i = 31; i >= 0; i--) {
+        QAPI_LIST_PREPEND(arrs->s16, i);
     }
-    case USER_DEF_LIST_UNION_KIND_S64: {
-        int64List **tail = &cvalue->u.s64.data;
-        for (i = 0; i < 32; i++) {
-            QAPI_LIST_APPEND(tail, i);
-        }
-        break;
+
+    for (i = 31; i >= 0; i--) {
+        QAPI_LIST_PREPEND(arrs->s32, i);
     }
-    case USER_DEF_LIST_UNION_KIND_U8: {
-        uint8List **tail = &cvalue->u.u8.data;
-        for (i = 0; i < 32; i++) {
-            QAPI_LIST_APPEND(tail, i);
-        }
-        break;
+
+    for (i = 31; i >= 0; i--) {
+        QAPI_LIST_PREPEND(arrs->s64, i);
     }
-    case USER_DEF_LIST_UNION_KIND_U16: {
-        uint16List **tail = &cvalue->u.u16.data;
-        for (i = 0; i < 32; i++) {
-            QAPI_LIST_APPEND(tail, i);
-        }
-        break;
+
+    for (i = 31; i >= 0; i--) {
+        QAPI_LIST_PREPEND(arrs->u8, i);
     }
-    case USER_DEF_LIST_UNION_KIND_U32: {
-        uint32List **tail = &cvalue->u.u32.data;
-        for (i = 0; i < 32; i++) {
-            QAPI_LIST_APPEND(tail, i);
-        }
-        break;
+
+    for (i = 31; i >= 0; i--) {
+        QAPI_LIST_PREPEND(arrs->u16, i);
     }
-    case USER_DEF_LIST_UNION_KIND_U64: {
-        uint64List **tail = &cvalue->u.u64.data;
-        for (i = 0; i < 32; i++) {
-            QAPI_LIST_APPEND(tail, i);
-        }
-        break;
+
+    for (i = 31; i >= 0; i--) {
+        QAPI_LIST_PREPEND(arrs->u32, i);
     }
-    case USER_DEF_LIST_UNION_KIND_BOOLEAN: {
-        boolList **tail = &cvalue->u.boolean.data;
-        for (i = 0; i < 32; i++) {
-            QAPI_LIST_APPEND(tail, QEMU_IS_ALIGNED(i, 3));
-        }
-        break;
+
+    for (i = 31; i >= 0; i--) {
+        QAPI_LIST_PREPEND(arrs->u64, i);
     }
-    case USER_DEF_LIST_UNION_KIND_STRING: {
-        strList **tail = &cvalue->u.string.data;
-        for (i = 0; i < 32; i++) {
-            QAPI_LIST_APPEND(tail, g_strdup_printf("%d", i));
-        }
-        break;
+
+    for (i = 31; i >= 0; i--) {
+        QAPI_LIST_PREPEND(arrs->number, (double)i / 3);
     }
-    case USER_DEF_LIST_UNION_KIND_NUMBER: {
-        numberList **tail = &cvalue->u.number.data;
-        for (i = 0; i < 32; i++) {
-            QAPI_LIST_APPEND(tail, (double)i / 3);
-        }
-        break;
+
+    for (i = 31; i >= 0; i--) {
+        QAPI_LIST_PREPEND(arrs->boolean, QEMU_IS_ALIGNED(i, 3));
     }
-    default:
-        g_assert_not_reached();
+
+    for (i = 31; i >= 0; i--) {
+        QAPI_LIST_PREPEND(arrs->string, g_strdup_printf("%d", i));
     }
-}
 
-static void check_list_union(QObject *qobj,
-                             UserDefListUnionKind kind)
-{
-    QDict *qdict;
-    QList *qlist;
-    int i;
+    visit_type_ArrayStruct(data->ov, NULL, &arrs, &error_abort);
 
-    qdict = qobject_to(QDict, qobj);
+    qdict = qobject_to(QDict, visitor_get(data));
     g_assert(qdict);
-    g_assert(qdict_haskey(qdict, "data"));
-    qlist = qlist_copy(qobject_to(QList, qdict_get(qdict, "data")));
-
-    switch (kind) {
-    case USER_DEF_LIST_UNION_KIND_U8:
-    case USER_DEF_LIST_UNION_KIND_U16:
-    case USER_DEF_LIST_UNION_KIND_U32:
-    case USER_DEF_LIST_UNION_KIND_U64:
-        for (i = 0; i < 32; i++) {
-            QObject *tmp;
-            QNum *qvalue;
-            uint64_t val;
-
-            tmp = qlist_peek(qlist);
-            g_assert(tmp);
-            qvalue = qobject_to(QNum, tmp);
-            g_assert(qnum_get_try_uint(qvalue, &val));
-            g_assert_cmpint(val, ==, i);
-            qobject_unref(qlist_pop(qlist));
-        }
-        break;
-
-    case USER_DEF_LIST_UNION_KIND_S8:
-    case USER_DEF_LIST_UNION_KIND_S16:
-    case USER_DEF_LIST_UNION_KIND_S32:
-    case USER_DEF_LIST_UNION_KIND_S64:
-        /*
-         * All integer elements in JSON arrays get stored into QNums
-         * when we convert to QObjects, so we can check them all in
-         * the same fashion, so simply fall through here.
-         */
-    case USER_DEF_LIST_UNION_KIND_INTEGER:
-        for (i = 0; i < 32; i++) {
-            QObject *tmp;
-            QNum *qvalue;
-            int64_t val;
-
-            tmp = qlist_peek(qlist);
-            g_assert(tmp);
-            qvalue = qobject_to(QNum, tmp);
-            g_assert(qnum_get_try_int(qvalue, &val));
-            g_assert_cmpint(val, ==, i);
-            qobject_unref(qlist_pop(qlist));
-        }
-        break;
-    case USER_DEF_LIST_UNION_KIND_BOOLEAN:
-        for (i = 0; i < 32; i++) {
-            QObject *tmp;
-            QBool *qvalue;
-            tmp = qlist_peek(qlist);
-            g_assert(tmp);
-            qvalue = qobject_to(QBool, tmp);
-            g_assert_cmpint(qbool_get_bool(qvalue), ==, i % 3 == 0);
-            qobject_unref(qlist_pop(qlist));
-        }
-        break;
-    case USER_DEF_LIST_UNION_KIND_STRING:
-        for (i = 0; i < 32; i++) {
-            QObject *tmp;
-            QString *qvalue;
-            gchar str[8];
-            tmp = qlist_peek(qlist);
-            g_assert(tmp);
-            qvalue = qobject_to(QString, tmp);
-            sprintf(str, "%d", i);
-            g_assert_cmpstr(qstring_get_str(qvalue), ==, str);
-            qobject_unref(qlist_pop(qlist));
-        }
-        break;
-    case USER_DEF_LIST_UNION_KIND_NUMBER:
-        for (i = 0; i < 32; i++) {
-            QObject *tmp;
-            QNum *qvalue;
-            GString *double_expected = g_string_new("");
-            GString *double_actual = g_string_new("");
-
-            tmp = qlist_peek(qlist);
-            g_assert(tmp);
-            qvalue = qobject_to(QNum, tmp);
-            g_string_printf(double_expected, "%.6f", (double)i / 3);
-            g_string_printf(double_actual, "%.6f", qnum_get_double(qvalue));
-            g_assert_cmpstr(double_actual->str, ==, double_expected->str);
-
-            qobject_unref(qlist_pop(qlist));
-            g_string_free(double_expected, true);
-            g_string_free(double_actual, true);
+
+    for (i = 0; i < G_N_ELEMENTS(int_member); i++) {
+        qlist = qdict_get_qlist(qdict, int_member[i]);
+        g_assert(qlist);
+        j = 0;
+        QLIST_FOREACH_ENTRY(qlist, e) {
+            QNum *qvalue = qobject_to(QNum, qlist_entry_obj(e));
+            g_assert(qvalue);
+            g_assert_cmpint(qnum_get_int(qvalue), ==, j);
+            j++;
         }
-        break;
-    default:
-        g_assert_not_reached();
     }
-    qobject_unref(qlist);
-}
-
-static void test_list_union(TestOutputVisitorData *data,
-                            const void *unused,
-                            UserDefListUnionKind kind)
-{
-    UserDefListUnion *cvalue = g_new0(UserDefListUnion, 1);
-    QObject *obj;
-
-    cvalue->type = kind;
-    init_list_union(cvalue);
-
-    visit_type_UserDefListUnion(data->ov, NULL, &cvalue, &error_abort);
-
-    obj = visitor_get(data);
-    check_list_union(obj, cvalue->type);
-    qapi_free_UserDefListUnion(cvalue);
-}
-
-static void test_visitor_out_list_union_int(TestOutputVisitorData *data,
-                                            const void *unused)
-{
-    test_list_union(data, unused, USER_DEF_LIST_UNION_KIND_INTEGER);
-}
-
-static void test_visitor_out_list_union_int8(TestOutputVisitorData *data,
-                                             const void *unused)
-{
-    test_list_union(data, unused, USER_DEF_LIST_UNION_KIND_S8);
-}
-
-static void test_visitor_out_list_union_int16(TestOutputVisitorData *data,
-                                              const void *unused)
-{
-    test_list_union(data, unused, USER_DEF_LIST_UNION_KIND_S16);
-}
-
-static void test_visitor_out_list_union_int32(TestOutputVisitorData *data,
-                                              const void *unused)
-{
-    test_list_union(data, unused, USER_DEF_LIST_UNION_KIND_S32);
-}
-
-static void test_visitor_out_list_union_int64(TestOutputVisitorData *data,
-                                              const void *unused)
-{
-    test_list_union(data, unused, USER_DEF_LIST_UNION_KIND_S64);
-}
-
-static void test_visitor_out_list_union_uint8(TestOutputVisitorData *data,
-                                              const void *unused)
-{
-    test_list_union(data, unused, USER_DEF_LIST_UNION_KIND_U8);
-}
-
-static void test_visitor_out_list_union_uint16(TestOutputVisitorData *data,
-                                               const void *unused)
-{
-    test_list_union(data, unused, USER_DEF_LIST_UNION_KIND_U16);
-}
 
-static void test_visitor_out_list_union_uint32(TestOutputVisitorData *data,
-                                               const void *unused)
-{
-    test_list_union(data, unused, USER_DEF_LIST_UNION_KIND_U32);
-}
-
-static void test_visitor_out_list_union_uint64(TestOutputVisitorData *data,
-                                               const void *unused)
-{
-    test_list_union(data, unused, USER_DEF_LIST_UNION_KIND_U64);
-}
+    qlist = qdict_get_qlist(qdict, "number");
+    g_assert(qlist);
+    i = 0;
+    QLIST_FOREACH_ENTRY(qlist, e) {
+        QNum *qvalue = qobject_to(QNum, qlist_entry_obj(e));
+        char expected[32], actual[32];
+
+        g_assert(qvalue);
+        sprintf(expected, "%.6f", (double)i / 3);
+        sprintf(actual, "%.6f", qnum_get_double(qvalue));
+        g_assert_cmpstr(actual, ==, expected);
+        i++;
+    }
 
-static void test_visitor_out_list_union_bool(TestOutputVisitorData *data,
-                                             const void *unused)
-{
-    test_list_union(data, unused, USER_DEF_LIST_UNION_KIND_BOOLEAN);
-}
+    qlist = qdict_get_qlist(qdict, "boolean");
+    g_assert(qlist);
+    i = 0;
+    QLIST_FOREACH_ENTRY(qlist, e) {
+        QBool *qvalue = qobject_to(QBool, qlist_entry_obj(e));
+        g_assert(qvalue);
+        g_assert_cmpint(qbool_get_bool(qvalue), ==, i % 3 == 0);
+        i++;
+    }
 
-static void test_visitor_out_list_union_str(TestOutputVisitorData *data,
-                                            const void *unused)
-{
-    test_list_union(data, unused, USER_DEF_LIST_UNION_KIND_STRING);
-}
+    qlist = qdict_get_qlist(qdict, "string");
+    g_assert(qlist);
+    i = 0;
+    QLIST_FOREACH_ENTRY(qlist, e) {
+        QString *qvalue = qobject_to(QString, qlist_entry_obj(e));
+        char expected[32];
 
-static void test_visitor_out_list_union_number(TestOutputVisitorData *data,
-                                               const void *unused)
-{
-    test_list_union(data, unused, USER_DEF_LIST_UNION_KIND_NUMBER);
+        g_assert(qvalue);
+        sprintf(expected, "%d", i);
+        g_assert_cmpstr(qstring_get_str(qvalue), ==, expected);
+        i++;
+    }
 }
 
 static void output_visitor_test_add(const char *testpath,
@@ -764,42 +593,8 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv)
                             &out_visitor_data, test_visitor_out_alternate);
     output_visitor_test_add("/visitor/output/null",
                             &out_visitor_data, test_visitor_out_null);
-    output_visitor_test_add("/visitor/output/list_union/int",
-                            &out_visitor_data,
-                            test_visitor_out_list_union_int);
-    output_visitor_test_add("/visitor/output/list_union/int8",
-                            &out_visitor_data,
-                            test_visitor_out_list_union_int8);
-    output_visitor_test_add("/visitor/output/list_union/int16",
-                            &out_visitor_data,
-                            test_visitor_out_list_union_int16);
-    output_visitor_test_add("/visitor/output/list_union/int32",
-                            &out_visitor_data,
-                            test_visitor_out_list_union_int32);
-    output_visitor_test_add("/visitor/output/list_union/int64",
-                            &out_visitor_data,
-                            test_visitor_out_list_union_int64);
-    output_visitor_test_add("/visitor/output/list_union/uint8",
-                            &out_visitor_data,
-                            test_visitor_out_list_union_uint8);
-    output_visitor_test_add("/visitor/output/list_union/uint16",
-                            &out_visitor_data,
-                            test_visitor_out_list_union_uint16);
-    output_visitor_test_add("/visitor/output/list_union/uint32",
-                            &out_visitor_data,
-                            test_visitor_out_list_union_uint32);
-    output_visitor_test_add("/visitor/output/list_union/uint64",
-                            &out_visitor_data,
-                            test_visitor_out_list_union_uint64);
-    output_visitor_test_add("/visitor/output/list_union/bool",
-                            &out_visitor_data,
-                            test_visitor_out_list_union_bool);
-    output_visitor_test_add("/visitor/output/list_union/string",
-                            &out_visitor_data,
-                            test_visitor_out_list_union_str);
-    output_visitor_test_add("/visitor/output/list_union/number",
-                            &out_visitor_data,
-                            test_visitor_out_list_union_number);
+    output_visitor_test_add("/visitor/output/list_struct",
+                            &out_visitor_data, test_visitor_out_list_struct);
 
     g_test_run();
 
diff --git a/tests/unit/test-yank.c b/tests/unit/test-yank.c
index 2383d29..e6c036a 100644
--- a/tests/unit/test-yank.c
+++ b/tests/unit/test-yank.c
@@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ static void char_change_test(gconstpointer opaque)
             .type = CHARDEV_BACKEND_KIND_SOCKET,
             .u.socket.data = &(ChardevSocket) {
                 .addr = &(SocketAddressLegacy) {
-                    .type = SOCKET_ADDRESS_LEGACY_KIND_INET,
+                    .type = SOCKET_ADDRESS_TYPE_INET,
                     .u.inet.data = &addr->u.inet
                 },
                 .has_server = true,
@@ -102,7 +102,7 @@ static void char_change_test(gconstpointer opaque)
             .type = CHARDEV_BACKEND_KIND_UDP,
             .u.udp.data = &(ChardevUdp) {
                 .remote = &(SocketAddressLegacy) {
-                    .type = SOCKET_ADDRESS_LEGACY_KIND_UNIX,
+                    .type = SOCKET_ADDRESS_TYPE_UNIX,
                     .u.q_unix.data = &(UnixSocketAddress) {
                         .path = (char *)""
                     }
@@ -114,7 +114,7 @@ static void char_change_test(gconstpointer opaque)
             .type = CHARDEV_BACKEND_KIND_SOCKET,
             .u.socket.data = &(ChardevSocket) {
                 .addr = &(SocketAddressLegacy) {
-                    .type = SOCKET_ADDRESS_LEGACY_KIND_INET,
+                    .type = SOCKET_ADDRESS_TYPE_INET,
                     .u.inet.data = &(InetSocketAddress) {
                         .host = (char *)"127.0.0.1",
                         .port = (char *)"0"