Merge remote-tracking branch 'remotes/stefanha/tags/block-pull-request' into staging

Pull request

This pull request contains a virtio-blk/scsi performance optimization, event
loop scalability improvements, and a qtest-based device fuzzing framework.  I
am including the fuzzing patches because I have reviewed them and Thomas Huth
is currently away on leave.

# gpg: Signature made Sat 22 Feb 2020 08:50:05 GMT
# gpg:                using RSA key 8695A8BFD3F97CDAAC35775A9CA4ABB381AB73C8
# gpg: Good signature from "Stefan Hajnoczi <stefanha@redhat.com>" [full]
# gpg:                 aka "Stefan Hajnoczi <stefanha@gmail.com>" [full]
# Primary key fingerprint: 8695 A8BF D3F9 7CDA AC35  775A 9CA4 ABB3 81AB 73C8

* remotes/stefanha/tags/block-pull-request: (31 commits)
  fuzz: add documentation to docs/devel/
  fuzz: add virtio-scsi fuzz target
  fuzz: add virtio-net fuzz target
  fuzz: add i440fx fuzz targets
  fuzz: add configure flag --enable-fuzzing
  fuzz: add target/fuzz makefile rules
  fuzz: add support for qos-assisted fuzz targets
  fuzz: support for fork-based fuzzing.
  main: keep rcu_atfork callback enabled for qtest
  exec: keep ram block across fork when using qtest
  fuzz: add fuzzer skeleton
  libqos: move useful qos-test funcs to qos_external
  libqos: split qos-test and libqos makefile vars
  libqos: rename i2c_send and i2c_recv
  qtest: add in-process incoming command handler
  libqtest: make bufwrite rely on the TransportOps
  libqtest: add a layer of abstraction to send/recv
  qtest: add qtest_server_send abstraction
  fuzz: add FUZZ_TARGET module type
  module: check module wasn't already initialized
  ...

Signed-off-by: Peter Maydell <peter.maydell@linaro.org>

3 files changed, 4495 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/softmmu/Makefile.objs b/softmmu/Makefile.objs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..dd15c24
--- /dev/null
+++ b/softmmu/Makefile.objs
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+softmmu-main-y = softmmu/main.o
+obj-y += vl.o
+vl.o-cflags := $(GPROF_CFLAGS) $(SDL_CFLAGS)
diff --git a/softmmu/main.c b/softmmu/main.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7adc530
--- /dev/null
+++ b/softmmu/main.c
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+/*
+ * QEMU System Emulator
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2003-2020 Fabrice Bellard
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+ * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+ * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+ * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+ * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+ * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+ * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL
+ * THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+ * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+ * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
+ * THE SOFTWARE.
+ */
+
+#include "qemu/osdep.h"
+#include "qemu-common.h"
+#include "sysemu/sysemu.h"
+
+#ifdef CONFIG_SDL
+#if defined(__APPLE__) || defined(main)
+#include <SDL.h>
+int main(int argc, char **argv)
+{
+    return qemu_main(argc, argv, NULL);
+}
+#undef main
+#define main qemu_main
+#endif
+#endif /* CONFIG_SDL */
+
+#ifdef CONFIG_COCOA
+#undef main
+#define main qemu_main
+#endif /* CONFIG_COCOA */
+
+int main(int argc, char **argv, char **envp)
+{
+    qemu_init(argc, argv, envp);
+    qemu_main_loop();
+    qemu_cleanup();
+
+    return 0;
+}
diff --git a/softmmu/vl.c b/softmmu/vl.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..92c7b3a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/softmmu/vl.c
@@ -0,0 +1,4439 @@
+/*
+ * QEMU System Emulator
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2003-2008 Fabrice Bellard
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+ * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+ * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+ * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+ * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+ * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+ * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL
+ * THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+ * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+ * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
+ * THE SOFTWARE.
+ */
+
+#include "qemu/osdep.h"
+#include "qemu-common.h"
+#include "qemu/units.h"
+#include "hw/qdev-properties.h"
+#include "qapi/error.h"
+#include "qemu-version.h"
+#include "qemu/cutils.h"
+#include "qemu/help_option.h"
+#include "qemu/uuid.h"
+#include "sysemu/reset.h"
+#include "sysemu/runstate.h"
+#include "sysemu/seccomp.h"
+#include "sysemu/tcg.h"
+
+#include "qemu/error-report.h"
+#include "qemu/sockets.h"
+#include "sysemu/accel.h"
+#include "hw/usb.h"
+#include "hw/isa/isa.h"
+#include "hw/scsi/scsi.h"
+#include "hw/display/vga.h"
+#include "sysemu/watchdog.h"
+#include "hw/firmware/smbios.h"
+#include "hw/acpi/acpi.h"
+#include "hw/xen/xen.h"
+#include "hw/loader.h"
+#include "monitor/qdev.h"
+#include "net/net.h"
+#include "net/slirp.h"
+#include "monitor/monitor.h"
+#include "ui/console.h"
+#include "ui/input.h"
+#include "sysemu/sysemu.h"
+#include "sysemu/numa.h"
+#include "exec/gdbstub.h"
+#include "qemu/timer.h"
+#include "chardev/char.h"
+#include "qemu/bitmap.h"
+#include "qemu/log.h"
+#include "sysemu/blockdev.h"
+#include "hw/block/block.h"
+#include "migration/misc.h"
+#include "migration/snapshot.h"
+#include "migration/global_state.h"
+#include "sysemu/tpm.h"
+#include "sysemu/dma.h"
+#include "hw/audio/soundhw.h"
+#include "audio/audio.h"
+#include "sysemu/cpus.h"
+#include "migration/colo.h"
+#include "migration/postcopy-ram.h"
+#include "sysemu/kvm.h"
+#include "sysemu/hax.h"
+#include "qapi/qobject-input-visitor.h"
+#include "qemu/option.h"
+#include "qemu/config-file.h"
+#include "qemu-options.h"
+#include "qemu/main-loop.h"
+#ifdef CONFIG_VIRTFS
+#include "fsdev/qemu-fsdev.h"
+#endif
+#include "sysemu/qtest.h"
+
+#include "disas/disas.h"
+
+#include "trace-root.h"
+#include "trace/control.h"
+#include "qemu/plugin.h"
+#include "qemu/queue.h"
+#include "sysemu/arch_init.h"
+
+#include "ui/qemu-spice.h"
+#include "qapi/string-input-visitor.h"
+#include "qapi/opts-visitor.h"
+#include "qapi/clone-visitor.h"
+#include "qom/object_interfaces.h"
+#include "hw/semihosting/semihost.h"
+#include "crypto/init.h"
+#include "sysemu/replay.h"
+#include "qapi/qapi-events-run-state.h"
+#include "qapi/qapi-visit-block-core.h"
+#include "qapi/qapi-visit-ui.h"
+#include "qapi/qapi-commands-block-core.h"
+#include "qapi/qapi-commands-run-state.h"
+#include "qapi/qapi-commands-ui.h"
+#include "qapi/qmp/qerror.h"
+#include "sysemu/iothread.h"
+#include "qemu/guest-random.h"
+
+#define MAX_VIRTIO_CONSOLES 1
+
+static const char *data_dir[16];
+static int data_dir_idx;
+const char *bios_name = NULL;
+enum vga_retrace_method vga_retrace_method = VGA_RETRACE_DUMB;
+int display_opengl;
+const char* keyboard_layout = NULL;
+ram_addr_t ram_size;
+const char *mem_path = NULL;
+int mem_prealloc = 0; /* force preallocation of physical target memory */
+bool enable_mlock = false;
+bool enable_cpu_pm = false;
+int nb_nics;
+NICInfo nd_table[MAX_NICS];
+int autostart;
+static enum {
+    RTC_BASE_UTC,
+    RTC_BASE_LOCALTIME,
+    RTC_BASE_DATETIME,
+} rtc_base_type = RTC_BASE_UTC;
+static time_t rtc_ref_start_datetime;
+static int rtc_realtime_clock_offset; /* used only with QEMU_CLOCK_REALTIME */
+static int rtc_host_datetime_offset = -1; /* valid & used only with
+                                             RTC_BASE_DATETIME */
+QEMUClockType rtc_clock;
+int vga_interface_type = VGA_NONE;
+static DisplayOptions dpy;
+static int num_serial_hds;
+static Chardev **serial_hds;
+Chardev *parallel_hds[MAX_PARALLEL_PORTS];
+int win2k_install_hack = 0;
+int singlestep = 0;
+int acpi_enabled = 1;
+int no_hpet = 0;
+int fd_bootchk = 1;
+static int no_reboot;
+int no_shutdown = 0;
+int graphic_rotate = 0;
+const char *watchdog;
+QEMUOptionRom option_rom[MAX_OPTION_ROMS];
+int nb_option_roms;
+int old_param = 0;
+const char *qemu_name;
+int alt_grab = 0;
+int ctrl_grab = 0;
+unsigned int nb_prom_envs = 0;
+const char *prom_envs[MAX_PROM_ENVS];
+int boot_menu;
+bool boot_strict;
+uint8_t *boot_splash_filedata;
+int only_migratable; /* turn it off unless user states otherwise */
+bool wakeup_suspend_enabled;
+
+int icount_align_option;
+
+/* The bytes in qemu_uuid are in the order specified by RFC4122, _not_ in the
+ * little-endian "wire format" described in the SMBIOS 2.6 specification.
+ */
+QemuUUID qemu_uuid;
+bool qemu_uuid_set;
+
+static NotifierList exit_notifiers =
+    NOTIFIER_LIST_INITIALIZER(exit_notifiers);
+
+static NotifierList machine_init_done_notifiers =
+    NOTIFIER_LIST_INITIALIZER(machine_init_done_notifiers);
+
+bool xen_allowed;
+uint32_t xen_domid;
+enum xen_mode xen_mode = XEN_EMULATE;
+bool xen_domid_restrict;
+
+static int has_defaults = 1;
+static int default_serial = 1;
+static int default_parallel = 1;
+static int default_monitor = 1;
+static int default_floppy = 1;
+static int default_cdrom = 1;
+static int default_sdcard = 1;
+static int default_vga = 1;
+static int default_net = 1;
+
+static struct {
+    const char *driver;
+    int *flag;
+} default_list[] = {
+    { .driver = "isa-serial",           .flag = &default_serial    },
+    { .driver = "isa-parallel",         .flag = &default_parallel  },
+    { .driver = "isa-fdc",              .flag = &default_floppy    },
+    { .driver = "floppy",               .flag = &default_floppy    },
+    { .driver = "ide-cd",               .flag = &default_cdrom     },
+    { .driver = "ide-hd",               .flag = &default_cdrom     },
+    { .driver = "ide-drive",            .flag = &default_cdrom     },
+    { .driver = "scsi-cd",              .flag = &default_cdrom     },
+    { .driver = "scsi-hd",              .flag = &default_cdrom     },
+    { .driver = "VGA",                  .flag = &default_vga       },
+    { .driver = "isa-vga",              .flag = &default_vga       },
+    { .driver = "cirrus-vga",           .flag = &default_vga       },
+    { .driver = "isa-cirrus-vga",       .flag = &default_vga       },
+    { .driver = "vmware-svga",          .flag = &default_vga       },
+    { .driver = "qxl-vga",              .flag = &default_vga       },
+    { .driver = "virtio-vga",           .flag = &default_vga       },
+    { .driver = "ati-vga",              .flag = &default_vga       },
+    { .driver = "vhost-user-vga",       .flag = &default_vga       },
+};
+
+static QemuOptsList qemu_rtc_opts = {
+    .name = "rtc",
+    .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(qemu_rtc_opts.head),
+    .merge_lists = true,
+    .desc = {
+        {
+            .name = "base",
+            .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
+        },{
+            .name = "clock",
+            .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
+        },{
+            .name = "driftfix",
+            .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
+        },
+        { /* end of list */ }
+    },
+};
+
+static QemuOptsList qemu_option_rom_opts = {
+    .name = "option-rom",
+    .implied_opt_name = "romfile",
+    .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(qemu_option_rom_opts.head),
+    .desc = {
+        {
+            .name = "bootindex",
+            .type = QEMU_OPT_NUMBER,
+        }, {
+            .name = "romfile",
+            .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
+        },
+        { /* end of list */ }
+    },
+};
+
+static QemuOptsList qemu_machine_opts = {
+    .name = "machine",
+    .implied_opt_name = "type",
+    .merge_lists = true,
+    .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(qemu_machine_opts.head),
+    .desc = {
+        /*
+         * no elements => accept any
+         * sanity checking will happen later
+         * when setting machine properties
+         */
+        { }
+    },
+};
+
+static QemuOptsList qemu_accel_opts = {
+    .name = "accel",
+    .implied_opt_name = "accel",
+    .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(qemu_accel_opts.head),
+    .desc = {
+        /*
+         * no elements => accept any
+         * sanity checking will happen later
+         * when setting accelerator properties
+         */
+        { }
+    },
+};
+
+static QemuOptsList qemu_boot_opts = {
+    .name = "boot-opts",
+    .implied_opt_name = "order",
+    .merge_lists = true,
+    .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(qemu_boot_opts.head),
+    .desc = {
+        {
+            .name = "order",
+            .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
+        }, {
+            .name = "once",
+            .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
+        }, {
+            .name = "menu",
+            .type = QEMU_OPT_BOOL,
+        }, {
+            .name = "splash",
+            .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
+        }, {
+            .name = "splash-time",
+            .type = QEMU_OPT_NUMBER,
+        }, {
+            .name = "reboot-timeout",
+            .type = QEMU_OPT_NUMBER,
+        }, {
+            .name = "strict",
+            .type = QEMU_OPT_BOOL,
+        },
+        { /*End of list */ }
+    },
+};
+
+static QemuOptsList qemu_add_fd_opts = {
+    .name = "add-fd",
+    .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(qemu_add_fd_opts.head),
+    .desc = {
+        {
+            .name = "fd",
+            .type = QEMU_OPT_NUMBER,
+            .help = "file descriptor of which a duplicate is added to fd set",
+        },{
+            .name = "set",
+            .type = QEMU_OPT_NUMBER,
+            .help = "ID of the fd set to add fd to",
+        },{
+            .name = "opaque",
+            .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
+            .help = "free-form string used to describe fd",
+        },
+        { /* end of list */ }
+    },
+};
+
+static QemuOptsList qemu_object_opts = {
+    .name = "object",
+    .implied_opt_name = "qom-type",
+    .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(qemu_object_opts.head),
+    .desc = {
+        { }
+    },
+};
+
+static QemuOptsList qemu_tpmdev_opts = {
+    .name = "tpmdev",
+    .implied_opt_name = "type",
+    .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(qemu_tpmdev_opts.head),
+    .desc = {
+        /* options are defined in the TPM backends */
+        { /* end of list */ }
+    },
+};
+
+static QemuOptsList qemu_realtime_opts = {
+    .name = "realtime",
+    .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(qemu_realtime_opts.head),
+    .desc = {
+        {
+            .name = "mlock",
+            .type = QEMU_OPT_BOOL,
+        },
+        { /* end of list */ }
+    },
+};
+
+static QemuOptsList qemu_overcommit_opts = {
+    .name = "overcommit",
+    .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(qemu_overcommit_opts.head),
+    .desc = {
+        {
+            .name = "mem-lock",
+            .type = QEMU_OPT_BOOL,
+        },
+        {
+            .name = "cpu-pm",
+            .type = QEMU_OPT_BOOL,
+        },
+        { /* end of list */ }
+    },
+};
+
+static QemuOptsList qemu_msg_opts = {
+    .name = "msg",
+    .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(qemu_msg_opts.head),
+    .desc = {
+        {
+            .name = "timestamp",
+            .type = QEMU_OPT_BOOL,
+        },
+        { /* end of list */ }
+    },
+};
+
+static QemuOptsList qemu_name_opts = {
+    .name = "name",
+    .implied_opt_name = "guest",
+    .merge_lists = true,
+    .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(qemu_name_opts.head),
+    .desc = {
+        {
+            .name = "guest",
+            .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
+            .help = "Sets the name of the guest.\n"
+                    "This name will be displayed in the SDL window caption.\n"
+                    "The name will also be used for the VNC server",
+        }, {
+            .name = "process",
+            .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
+            .help = "Sets the name of the QEMU process, as shown in top etc",
+        }, {
+            .name = "debug-threads",
+            .type = QEMU_OPT_BOOL,
+            .help = "When enabled, name the individual threads; defaults off.\n"
+                    "NOTE: The thread names are for debugging and not a\n"
+                    "stable API.",
+        },
+        { /* End of list */ }
+    },
+};
+
+static QemuOptsList qemu_mem_opts = {
+    .name = "memory",
+    .implied_opt_name = "size",
+    .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(qemu_mem_opts.head),
+    .merge_lists = true,
+    .desc = {
+        {
+            .name = "size",
+            .type = QEMU_OPT_SIZE,
+        },
+        {
+            .name = "slots",
+            .type = QEMU_OPT_NUMBER,
+        },
+        {
+            .name = "maxmem",
+            .type = QEMU_OPT_SIZE,
+        },
+        { /* end of list */ }
+    },
+};
+
+static QemuOptsList qemu_icount_opts = {
+    .name = "icount",
+    .implied_opt_name = "shift",
+    .merge_lists = true,
+    .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(qemu_icount_opts.head),
+    .desc = {
+        {
+            .name = "shift",
+            .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
+        }, {
+            .name = "align",
+            .type = QEMU_OPT_BOOL,
+        }, {
+            .name = "sleep",
+            .type = QEMU_OPT_BOOL,
+        }, {
+            .name = "rr",
+            .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
+        }, {
+            .name = "rrfile",
+            .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
+        }, {
+            .name = "rrsnapshot",
+            .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
+        },
+        { /* end of list */ }
+    },
+};
+
+static QemuOptsList qemu_fw_cfg_opts = {
+    .name = "fw_cfg",
+    .implied_opt_name = "name",
+    .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(qemu_fw_cfg_opts.head),
+    .desc = {
+        {
+            .name = "name",
+            .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
+            .help = "Sets the fw_cfg name of the blob to be inserted",
+        }, {
+            .name = "file",
+            .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
+            .help = "Sets the name of the file from which "
+                    "the fw_cfg blob will be loaded",
+        }, {
+            .name = "string",
+            .type = QEMU_OPT_STRING,
+            .help = "Sets content of the blob to be inserted from a string",
+        },
+        { /* end of list */ }
+    },
+};
+
+/**
+ * Get machine options
+ *
+ * Returns: machine options (never null).
+ */
+QemuOpts *qemu_get_machine_opts(void)
+{
+    return qemu_find_opts_singleton("machine");
+}
+
+const char *qemu_get_vm_name(void)
+{
+    return qemu_name;
+}
+
+static void res_free(void)
+{
+    g_free(boot_splash_filedata);
+    boot_splash_filedata = NULL;
+}
+
+static int default_driver_check(void *opaque, QemuOpts *opts, Error **errp)
+{
+    const char *driver = qemu_opt_get(opts, "driver");
+    int i;
+
+    if (!driver)
+        return 0;
+    for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(default_list); i++) {
+        if (strcmp(default_list[i].driver, driver) != 0)
+            continue;
+        *(default_list[i].flag) = 0;
+    }
+    return 0;
+}
+
+/***********************************************************/
+/* QEMU state */
+
+static RunState current_run_state = RUN_STATE_PRECONFIG;
+
+/* We use RUN_STATE__MAX but any invalid value will do */
+static RunState vmstop_requested = RUN_STATE__MAX;
+static QemuMutex vmstop_lock;
+
+typedef struct {
+    RunState from;
+    RunState to;
+} RunStateTransition;
+
+static const RunStateTransition runstate_transitions_def[] = {
+    /*     from      ->     to      */
+    { RUN_STATE_PRECONFIG, RUN_STATE_PRELAUNCH },
+      /* Early switch to inmigrate state to allow  -incoming CLI option work
+       * as it used to. TODO: delay actual switching to inmigrate state to
+       * the point after machine is built and remove this hack.
+       */
+    { RUN_STATE_PRECONFIG, RUN_STATE_INMIGRATE },
+
+    { RUN_STATE_DEBUG, RUN_STATE_RUNNING },
+    { RUN_STATE_DEBUG, RUN_STATE_FINISH_MIGRATE },
+    { RUN_STATE_DEBUG, RUN_STATE_PRELAUNCH },
+
+    { RUN_STATE_INMIGRATE, RUN_STATE_INTERNAL_ERROR },
+    { RUN_STATE_INMIGRATE, RUN_STATE_IO_ERROR },
+    { RUN_STATE_INMIGRATE, RUN_STATE_PAUSED },
+    { RUN_STATE_INMIGRATE, RUN_STATE_RUNNING },
+    { RUN_STATE_INMIGRATE, RUN_STATE_SHUTDOWN },
+    { RUN_STATE_INMIGRATE, RUN_STATE_SUSPENDED },
+    { RUN_STATE_INMIGRATE, RUN_STATE_WATCHDOG },
+    { RUN_STATE_INMIGRATE, RUN_STATE_GUEST_PANICKED },
+    { RUN_STATE_INMIGRATE, RUN_STATE_FINISH_MIGRATE },
+    { RUN_STATE_INMIGRATE, RUN_STATE_PRELAUNCH },
+    { RUN_STATE_INMIGRATE, RUN_STATE_POSTMIGRATE },
+    { RUN_STATE_INMIGRATE, RUN_STATE_COLO },
+
+    { RUN_STATE_INTERNAL_ERROR, RUN_STATE_PAUSED },
+    { RUN_STATE_INTERNAL_ERROR, RUN_STATE_FINISH_MIGRATE },
+    { RUN_STATE_INTERNAL_ERROR, RUN_STATE_PRELAUNCH },
+
+    { RUN_STATE_IO_ERROR, RUN_STATE_RUNNING },
+    { RUN_STATE_IO_ERROR, RUN_STATE_FINISH_MIGRATE },
+    { RUN_STATE_IO_ERROR, RUN_STATE_PRELAUNCH },
+
+    { RUN_STATE_PAUSED, RUN_STATE_RUNNING },
+    { RUN_STATE_PAUSED, RUN_STATE_FINISH_MIGRATE },
+    { RUN_STATE_PAUSED, RUN_STATE_POSTMIGRATE },
+    { RUN_STATE_PAUSED, RUN_STATE_PRELAUNCH },
+    { RUN_STATE_PAUSED, RUN_STATE_COLO},
+
+    { RUN_STATE_POSTMIGRATE, RUN_STATE_RUNNING },
+    { RUN_STATE_POSTMIGRATE, RUN_STATE_FINISH_MIGRATE },
+    { RUN_STATE_POSTMIGRATE, RUN_STATE_PRELAUNCH },
+
+    { RUN_STATE_PRELAUNCH, RUN_STATE_RUNNING },
+    { RUN_STATE_PRELAUNCH, RUN_STATE_FINISH_MIGRATE },
+    { RUN_STATE_PRELAUNCH, RUN_STATE_INMIGRATE },
+
+    { RUN_STATE_FINISH_MIGRATE, RUN_STATE_RUNNING },
+    { RUN_STATE_FINISH_MIGRATE, RUN_STATE_PAUSED },
+    { RUN_STATE_FINISH_MIGRATE, RUN_STATE_POSTMIGRATE },
+    { RUN_STATE_FINISH_MIGRATE, RUN_STATE_PRELAUNCH },
+    { RUN_STATE_FINISH_MIGRATE, RUN_STATE_COLO},
+
+    { RUN_STATE_RESTORE_VM, RUN_STATE_RUNNING },
+    { RUN_STATE_RESTORE_VM, RUN_STATE_PRELAUNCH },
+
+    { RUN_STATE_COLO, RUN_STATE_RUNNING },
+
+    { RUN_STATE_RUNNING, RUN_STATE_DEBUG },
+    { RUN_STATE_RUNNING, RUN_STATE_INTERNAL_ERROR },
+    { RUN_STATE_RUNNING, RUN_STATE_IO_ERROR },
+    { RUN_STATE_RUNNING, RUN_STATE_PAUSED },
+    { RUN_STATE_RUNNING, RUN_STATE_FINISH_MIGRATE },
+    { RUN_STATE_RUNNING, RUN_STATE_RESTORE_VM },
+    { RUN_STATE_RUNNING, RUN_STATE_SAVE_VM },
+    { RUN_STATE_RUNNING, RUN_STATE_SHUTDOWN },
+    { RUN_STATE_RUNNING, RUN_STATE_WATCHDOG },
+    { RUN_STATE_RUNNING, RUN_STATE_GUEST_PANICKED },
+    { RUN_STATE_RUNNING, RUN_STATE_COLO},
+
+    { RUN_STATE_SAVE_VM, RUN_STATE_RUNNING },
+
+    { RUN_STATE_SHUTDOWN, RUN_STATE_PAUSED },
+    { RUN_STATE_SHUTDOWN, RUN_STATE_FINISH_MIGRATE },
+    { RUN_STATE_SHUTDOWN, RUN_STATE_PRELAUNCH },
+
+    { RUN_STATE_DEBUG, RUN_STATE_SUSPENDED },
+    { RUN_STATE_RUNNING, RUN_STATE_SUSPENDED },
+    { RUN_STATE_SUSPENDED, RUN_STATE_RUNNING },
+    { RUN_STATE_SUSPENDED, RUN_STATE_FINISH_MIGRATE },
+    { RUN_STATE_SUSPENDED, RUN_STATE_PRELAUNCH },
+    { RUN_STATE_SUSPENDED, RUN_STATE_COLO},
+
+    { RUN_STATE_WATCHDOG, RUN_STATE_RUNNING },
+    { RUN_STATE_WATCHDOG, RUN_STATE_FINISH_MIGRATE },
+    { RUN_STATE_WATCHDOG, RUN_STATE_PRELAUNCH },
+    { RUN_STATE_WATCHDOG, RUN_STATE_COLO},
+
+    { RUN_STATE_GUEST_PANICKED, RUN_STATE_RUNNING },
+    { RUN_STATE_GUEST_PANICKED, RUN_STATE_FINISH_MIGRATE },
+    { RUN_STATE_GUEST_PANICKED, RUN_STATE_PRELAUNCH },
+
+    { RUN_STATE__MAX, RUN_STATE__MAX },
+};
+
+static bool runstate_valid_transitions[RUN_STATE__MAX][RUN_STATE__MAX];
+
+bool runstate_check(RunState state)
+{
+    return current_run_state == state;
+}
+
+bool runstate_store(char *str, size_t size)
+{
+    const char *state = RunState_str(current_run_state);
+    size_t len = strlen(state) + 1;
+
+    if (len > size) {
+        return false;
+    }
+    memcpy(str, state, len);
+    return true;
+}
+
+static void runstate_init(void)
+{
+    const RunStateTransition *p;
+
+    memset(&runstate_valid_transitions, 0, sizeof(runstate_valid_transitions));
+    for (p = &runstate_transitions_def[0]; p->from != RUN_STATE__MAX; p++) {
+        runstate_valid_transitions[p->from][p->to] = true;
+    }
+
+    qemu_mutex_init(&vmstop_lock);
+}
+
+/* This function will abort() on invalid state transitions */
+void runstate_set(RunState new_state)
+{
+    assert(new_state < RUN_STATE__MAX);
+
+    trace_runstate_set(current_run_state, RunState_str(current_run_state),
+                       new_state, RunState_str(new_state));
+
+    if (current_run_state == new_state) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    if (!runstate_valid_transitions[current_run_state][new_state]) {
+        error_report("invalid runstate transition: '%s' -> '%s'",
+                     RunState_str(current_run_state),
+                     RunState_str(new_state));
+        abort();
+    }
+
+    current_run_state = new_state;
+}
+
+int runstate_is_running(void)
+{
+    return runstate_check(RUN_STATE_RUNNING);
+}
+
+bool runstate_needs_reset(void)
+{
+    return runstate_check(RUN_STATE_INTERNAL_ERROR) ||
+        runstate_check(RUN_STATE_SHUTDOWN);
+}
+
+StatusInfo *qmp_query_status(Error **errp)
+{
+    StatusInfo *info = g_malloc0(sizeof(*info));
+
+    info->running = runstate_is_running();
+    info->singlestep = singlestep;
+    info->status = current_run_state;
+
+    return info;
+}
+
+bool qemu_vmstop_requested(RunState *r)
+{
+    qemu_mutex_lock(&vmstop_lock);
+    *r = vmstop_requested;
+    vmstop_requested = RUN_STATE__MAX;
+    qemu_mutex_unlock(&vmstop_lock);
+    return *r < RUN_STATE__MAX;
+}
+
+void qemu_system_vmstop_request_prepare(void)
+{
+    qemu_mutex_lock(&vmstop_lock);
+}
+
+void qemu_system_vmstop_request(RunState state)
+{
+    vmstop_requested = state;
+    qemu_mutex_unlock(&vmstop_lock);
+    qemu_notify_event();
+}
+
+/***********************************************************/
+/* RTC reference time/date access */
+static time_t qemu_ref_timedate(QEMUClockType clock)
+{
+    time_t value = qemu_clock_get_ms(clock) / 1000;
+    switch (clock) {
+    case QEMU_CLOCK_REALTIME:
+        value -= rtc_realtime_clock_offset;
+        /* fall through */
+    case QEMU_CLOCK_VIRTUAL:
+        value += rtc_ref_start_datetime;
+        break;
+    case QEMU_CLOCK_HOST:
+        if (rtc_base_type == RTC_BASE_DATETIME) {
+            value -= rtc_host_datetime_offset;
+        }
+        break;
+    default:
+        assert(0);
+    }
+    return value;
+}
+
+void qemu_get_timedate(struct tm *tm, int offset)
+{
+    time_t ti = qemu_ref_timedate(rtc_clock);
+
+    ti += offset;
+
+    switch (rtc_base_type) {
+    case RTC_BASE_DATETIME:
+    case RTC_BASE_UTC:
+        gmtime_r(&ti, tm);
+        break;
+    case RTC_BASE_LOCALTIME:
+        localtime_r(&ti, tm);
+        break;
+    }
+}
+
+int qemu_timedate_diff(struct tm *tm)
+{
+    time_t seconds;
+
+    switch (rtc_base_type) {
+    case RTC_BASE_DATETIME:
+    case RTC_BASE_UTC:
+        seconds = mktimegm(tm);
+        break;
+    case RTC_BASE_LOCALTIME:
+    {
+        struct tm tmp = *tm;
+        tmp.tm_isdst = -1; /* use timezone to figure it out */
+        seconds = mktime(&tmp);
+        break;
+    }
+    default:
+        abort();
+    }
+
+    return seconds - qemu_ref_timedate(QEMU_CLOCK_HOST);
+}
+
+static void configure_rtc_base_datetime(const char *startdate)
+{
+    time_t rtc_start_datetime;
+    struct tm tm;
+
+    if (sscanf(startdate, "%d-%d-%dT%d:%d:%d", &tm.tm_year, &tm.tm_mon,
+               &tm.tm_mday, &tm.tm_hour, &tm.tm_min, &tm.tm_sec) == 6) {
+        /* OK */
+    } else if (sscanf(startdate, "%d-%d-%d",
+                      &tm.tm_year, &tm.tm_mon, &tm.tm_mday) == 3) {
+        tm.tm_hour = 0;
+        tm.tm_min = 0;
+        tm.tm_sec = 0;
+    } else {
+        goto date_fail;
+    }
+    tm.tm_year -= 1900;
+    tm.tm_mon--;
+    rtc_start_datetime = mktimegm(&tm);
+    if (rtc_start_datetime == -1) {
+    date_fail:
+        error_report("invalid datetime format");
+        error_printf("valid formats: "
+                     "'2006-06-17T16:01:21' or '2006-06-17'\n");
+        exit(1);
+    }
+    rtc_host_datetime_offset = rtc_ref_start_datetime - rtc_start_datetime;
+    rtc_ref_start_datetime = rtc_start_datetime;
+}
+
+static void configure_rtc(QemuOpts *opts)
+{
+    const char *value;
+
+    /* Set defaults */
+    rtc_clock = QEMU_CLOCK_HOST;
+    rtc_ref_start_datetime = qemu_clock_get_ms(QEMU_CLOCK_HOST) / 1000;
+    rtc_realtime_clock_offset = qemu_clock_get_ms(QEMU_CLOCK_REALTIME) / 1000;
+
+    value = qemu_opt_get(opts, "base");
+    if (value) {
+        if (!strcmp(value, "utc")) {
+            rtc_base_type = RTC_BASE_UTC;
+        } else if (!strcmp(value, "localtime")) {
+            Error *blocker = NULL;
+            rtc_base_type = RTC_BASE_LOCALTIME;
+            error_setg(&blocker, QERR_REPLAY_NOT_SUPPORTED,
+                      "-rtc base=localtime");
+            replay_add_blocker(blocker);
+        } else {
+            rtc_base_type = RTC_BASE_DATETIME;
+            configure_rtc_base_datetime(value);
+        }
+    }
+    value = qemu_opt_get(opts, "clock");
+    if (value) {
+        if (!strcmp(value, "host")) {
+            rtc_clock = QEMU_CLOCK_HOST;
+        } else if (!strcmp(value, "rt")) {
+            rtc_clock = QEMU_CLOCK_REALTIME;
+        } else if (!strcmp(value, "vm")) {
+            rtc_clock = QEMU_CLOCK_VIRTUAL;
+        } else {
+            error_report("invalid option value '%s'", value);
+            exit(1);
+        }
+    }
+    value = qemu_opt_get(opts, "driftfix");
+    if (value) {
+        if (!strcmp(value, "slew")) {
+            object_register_sugar_prop("mc146818rtc",
+                                       "lost_tick_policy",
+                                       "slew");
+        } else if (!strcmp(value, "none")) {
+            /* discard is default */
+        } else {
+            error_report("invalid option value '%s'", value);
+            exit(1);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+static int parse_name(void *opaque, QemuOpts *opts, Error **errp)
+{
+    const char *proc_name;
+
+    if (qemu_opt_get(opts, "debug-threads")) {
+        qemu_thread_naming(qemu_opt_get_bool(opts, "debug-threads", false));
+    }
+    qemu_name = qemu_opt_get(opts, "guest");
+
+    proc_name = qemu_opt_get(opts, "process");
+    if (proc_name) {
+        os_set_proc_name(proc_name);
+    }
+
+    return 0;
+}
+
+bool defaults_enabled(void)
+{
+    return has_defaults;
+}
+
+#ifndef _WIN32
+static int parse_add_fd(void *opaque, QemuOpts *opts, Error **errp)
+{
+    int fd, dupfd, flags;
+    int64_t fdset_id;
+    const char *fd_opaque = NULL;
+    AddfdInfo *fdinfo;
+
+    fd = qemu_opt_get_number(opts, "fd", -1);
+    fdset_id = qemu_opt_get_number(opts, "set", -1);
+    fd_opaque = qemu_opt_get(opts, "opaque");
+
+    if (fd < 0) {
+        error_setg(errp, "fd option is required and must be non-negative");
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    if (fd <= STDERR_FILENO) {
+        error_setg(errp, "fd cannot be a standard I/O stream");
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * All fds inherited across exec() necessarily have FD_CLOEXEC
+     * clear, while qemu sets FD_CLOEXEC on all other fds used internally.
+     */
+    flags = fcntl(fd, F_GETFD);
+    if (flags == -1 || (flags & FD_CLOEXEC)) {
+        error_setg(errp, "fd is not valid or already in use");
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    if (fdset_id < 0) {
+        error_setg(errp, "set option is required and must be non-negative");
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+#ifdef F_DUPFD_CLOEXEC
+    dupfd = fcntl(fd, F_DUPFD_CLOEXEC, 0);
+#else
+    dupfd = dup(fd);
+    if (dupfd != -1) {
+        qemu_set_cloexec(dupfd);
+    }
+#endif
+    if (dupfd == -1) {
+        error_setg(errp, "error duplicating fd: %s", strerror(errno));
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    /* add the duplicate fd, and optionally the opaque string, to the fd set */
+    fdinfo = monitor_fdset_add_fd(dupfd, true, fdset_id, !!fd_opaque, fd_opaque,
+                                  &error_abort);
+    g_free(fdinfo);
+
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static int cleanup_add_fd(void *opaque, QemuOpts *opts, Error **errp)
+{
+    int fd;
+
+    fd = qemu_opt_get_number(opts, "fd", -1);
+    close(fd);
+
+    return 0;
+}
+#endif
+
+/***********************************************************/
+/* QEMU Block devices */
+
+#define HD_OPTS "media=disk"
+#define CDROM_OPTS "media=cdrom"
+#define FD_OPTS ""
+#define PFLASH_OPTS ""
+#define MTD_OPTS ""
+#define SD_OPTS ""
+
+static int drive_init_func(void *opaque, QemuOpts *opts, Error **errp)
+{
+    BlockInterfaceType *block_default_type = opaque;
+
+    return drive_new(opts, *block_default_type, errp) == NULL;
+}
+
+static int drive_enable_snapshot(void *opaque, QemuOpts *opts, Error **errp)
+{
+    if (qemu_opt_get(opts, "snapshot") == NULL) {
+        qemu_opt_set(opts, "snapshot", "on", &error_abort);
+    }
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static void default_drive(int enable, int snapshot, BlockInterfaceType type,
+                          int index, const char *optstr)
+{
+    QemuOpts *opts;
+    DriveInfo *dinfo;
+
+    if (!enable || drive_get_by_index(type, index)) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    opts = drive_add(type, index, NULL, optstr);
+    if (snapshot) {
+        drive_enable_snapshot(NULL, opts, NULL);
+    }
+
+    dinfo = drive_new(opts, type, &error_abort);
+    dinfo->is_default = true;
+
+}
+
+typedef struct BlockdevOptionsQueueEntry {
+    BlockdevOptions *bdo;
+    Location loc;
+    QSIMPLEQ_ENTRY(BlockdevOptionsQueueEntry) entry;
+} BlockdevOptionsQueueEntry;
+
+typedef QSIMPLEQ_HEAD(, BlockdevOptionsQueueEntry) BlockdevOptionsQueue;
+
+static void configure_blockdev(BlockdevOptionsQueue *bdo_queue,
+                               MachineClass *machine_class, int snapshot)
+{
+    /*
+     * If the currently selected machine wishes to override the
+     * units-per-bus property of its default HBA interface type, do so
+     * now.
+     */
+    if (machine_class->units_per_default_bus) {
+        override_max_devs(machine_class->block_default_type,
+                          machine_class->units_per_default_bus);
+    }
+
+    /* open the virtual block devices */
+    while (!QSIMPLEQ_EMPTY(bdo_queue)) {
+        BlockdevOptionsQueueEntry *bdo = QSIMPLEQ_FIRST(bdo_queue);
+
+        QSIMPLEQ_REMOVE_HEAD(bdo_queue, entry);
+        loc_push_restore(&bdo->loc);
+        qmp_blockdev_add(bdo->bdo, &error_fatal);
+        loc_pop(&bdo->loc);
+        qapi_free_BlockdevOptions(bdo->bdo);
+        g_free(bdo);
+    }
+    if (snapshot) {
+        qemu_opts_foreach(qemu_find_opts("drive"), drive_enable_snapshot,
+                          NULL, NULL);
+    }
+    if (qemu_opts_foreach(qemu_find_opts("drive"), drive_init_func,
+                          &machine_class->block_default_type, &error_fatal)) {
+        /* We printed help */
+        exit(0);
+    }
+
+    default_drive(default_cdrom, snapshot, machine_class->block_default_type, 2,
+                  CDROM_OPTS);
+    default_drive(default_floppy, snapshot, IF_FLOPPY, 0, FD_OPTS);
+    default_drive(default_sdcard, snapshot, IF_SD, 0, SD_OPTS);
+
+}
+
+static QemuOptsList qemu_smp_opts = {
+    .name = "smp-opts",
+    .implied_opt_name = "cpus",
+    .merge_lists = true,
+    .head = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(qemu_smp_opts.head),
+    .desc = {
+        {
+            .name = "cpus",
+            .type = QEMU_OPT_NUMBER,
+        }, {
+            .name = "sockets",
+            .type = QEMU_OPT_NUMBER,
+        }, {
+            .name = "dies",
+            .type = QEMU_OPT_NUMBER,
+        }, {
+            .name = "cores",
+            .type = QEMU_OPT_NUMBER,
+        }, {
+            .name = "threads",
+            .type = QEMU_OPT_NUMBER,
+        }, {
+            .name = "maxcpus",
+            .type = QEMU_OPT_NUMBER,
+        },
+        { /*End of list */ }
+    },
+};
+
+static void realtime_init(void)
+{
+    if (enable_mlock) {
+        if (os_mlock() < 0) {
+            error_report("locking memory failed");
+            exit(1);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+
+static void configure_msg(QemuOpts *opts)
+{
+    error_with_timestamp = qemu_opt_get_bool(opts, "timestamp", false);
+}
+
+
+/***********************************************************/
+/* USB devices */
+
+static int usb_device_add(const char *devname)
+{
+    USBDevice *dev = NULL;
+
+    if (!machine_usb(current_machine)) {
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    dev = usbdevice_create(devname);
+    if (!dev)
+        return -1;
+
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static int usb_parse(const char *cmdline)
+{
+    int r;
+    r = usb_device_add(cmdline);
+    if (r < 0) {
+        error_report("could not add USB device '%s'", cmdline);
+    }
+    return r;
+}
+
+/***********************************************************/
+/* machine registration */
+
+MachineState *current_machine;
+
+static MachineClass *find_machine(const char *name, GSList *machines)
+{
+    GSList *el;
+
+    for (el = machines; el; el = el->next) {
+        MachineClass *mc = el->data;
+
+        if (!strcmp(mc->name, name) || !g_strcmp0(mc->alias, name)) {
+            return mc;
+        }
+    }
+
+    return NULL;
+}
+
+static MachineClass *find_default_machine(GSList *machines)
+{
+    GSList *el;
+
+    for (el = machines; el; el = el->next) {
+        MachineClass *mc = el->data;
+
+        if (mc->is_default) {
+            return mc;
+        }
+    }
+
+    return NULL;
+}
+
+static int machine_help_func(QemuOpts *opts, MachineState *machine)
+{
+    ObjectProperty *prop;
+    ObjectPropertyIterator iter;
+
+    if (!qemu_opt_has_help_opt(opts)) {
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    object_property_iter_init(&iter, OBJECT(machine));
+    while ((prop = object_property_iter_next(&iter))) {
+        if (!prop->set) {
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        printf("%s.%s=%s", MACHINE_GET_CLASS(machine)->name,
+               prop->name, prop->type);
+        if (prop->description) {
+            printf(" (%s)\n", prop->description);
+        } else {
+            printf("\n");
+        }
+    }
+
+    return 1;
+}
+
+struct VMChangeStateEntry {
+    VMChangeStateHandler *cb;
+    void *opaque;
+    QTAILQ_ENTRY(VMChangeStateEntry) entries;
+    int priority;
+};
+
+static QTAILQ_HEAD(, VMChangeStateEntry) vm_change_state_head;
+
+/**
+ * qemu_add_vm_change_state_handler_prio:
+ * @cb: the callback to invoke
+ * @opaque: user data passed to the callback
+ * @priority: low priorities execute first when the vm runs and the reverse is
+ *            true when the vm stops
+ *
+ * Register a callback function that is invoked when the vm starts or stops
+ * running.
+ *
+ * Returns: an entry to be freed using qemu_del_vm_change_state_handler()
+ */
+VMChangeStateEntry *qemu_add_vm_change_state_handler_prio(
+        VMChangeStateHandler *cb, void *opaque, int priority)
+{
+    VMChangeStateEntry *e;
+    VMChangeStateEntry *other;
+
+    e = g_malloc0(sizeof(*e));
+    e->cb = cb;
+    e->opaque = opaque;
+    e->priority = priority;
+
+    /* Keep list sorted in ascending priority order */
+    QTAILQ_FOREACH(other, &vm_change_state_head, entries) {
+        if (priority < other->priority) {
+            QTAILQ_INSERT_BEFORE(other, e, entries);
+            return e;
+        }
+    }
+
+    QTAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(&vm_change_state_head, e, entries);
+    return e;
+}
+
+VMChangeStateEntry *qemu_add_vm_change_state_handler(VMChangeStateHandler *cb,
+                                                     void *opaque)
+{
+    return qemu_add_vm_change_state_handler_prio(cb, opaque, 0);
+}
+
+void qemu_del_vm_change_state_handler(VMChangeStateEntry *e)
+{
+    QTAILQ_REMOVE(&vm_change_state_head, e, entries);
+    g_free(e);
+}
+
+void vm_state_notify(int running, RunState state)
+{
+    VMChangeStateEntry *e, *next;
+
+    trace_vm_state_notify(running, state, RunState_str(state));
+
+    if (running) {
+        QTAILQ_FOREACH_SAFE(e, &vm_change_state_head, entries, next) {
+            e->cb(e->opaque, running, state);
+        }
+    } else {
+        QTAILQ_FOREACH_REVERSE_SAFE(e, &vm_change_state_head, entries, next) {
+            e->cb(e->opaque, running, state);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+static ShutdownCause reset_requested;
+static ShutdownCause shutdown_requested;
+static int shutdown_signal;
+static pid_t shutdown_pid;
+static int powerdown_requested;
+static int debug_requested;
+static int suspend_requested;
+static bool preconfig_exit_requested = true;
+static WakeupReason wakeup_reason;
+static NotifierList powerdown_notifiers =
+    NOTIFIER_LIST_INITIALIZER(powerdown_notifiers);
+static NotifierList suspend_notifiers =
+    NOTIFIER_LIST_INITIALIZER(suspend_notifiers);
+static NotifierList wakeup_notifiers =
+    NOTIFIER_LIST_INITIALIZER(wakeup_notifiers);
+static NotifierList shutdown_notifiers =
+    NOTIFIER_LIST_INITIALIZER(shutdown_notifiers);
+static uint32_t wakeup_reason_mask = ~(1 << QEMU_WAKEUP_REASON_NONE);
+
+ShutdownCause qemu_shutdown_requested_get(void)
+{
+    return shutdown_requested;
+}
+
+ShutdownCause qemu_reset_requested_get(void)
+{
+    return reset_requested;
+}
+
+static int qemu_shutdown_requested(void)
+{
+    return atomic_xchg(&shutdown_requested, SHUTDOWN_CAUSE_NONE);
+}
+
+static void qemu_kill_report(void)
+{
+    if (!qtest_driver() && shutdown_signal) {
+        if (shutdown_pid == 0) {
+            /* This happens for eg ^C at the terminal, so it's worth
+             * avoiding printing an odd message in that case.
+             */
+            error_report("terminating on signal %d", shutdown_signal);
+        } else {
+            char *shutdown_cmd = qemu_get_pid_name(shutdown_pid);
+
+            error_report("terminating on signal %d from pid " FMT_pid " (%s)",
+                         shutdown_signal, shutdown_pid,
+                         shutdown_cmd ? shutdown_cmd : "<unknown process>");
+            g_free(shutdown_cmd);
+        }
+        shutdown_signal = 0;
+    }
+}
+
+static ShutdownCause qemu_reset_requested(void)
+{
+    ShutdownCause r = reset_requested;
+
+    if (r && replay_checkpoint(CHECKPOINT_RESET_REQUESTED)) {
+        reset_requested = SHUTDOWN_CAUSE_NONE;
+        return r;
+    }
+    return SHUTDOWN_CAUSE_NONE;
+}
+
+static int qemu_suspend_requested(void)
+{
+    int r = suspend_requested;
+    if (r && replay_checkpoint(CHECKPOINT_SUSPEND_REQUESTED)) {
+        suspend_requested = 0;
+        return r;
+    }
+    return false;
+}
+
+static WakeupReason qemu_wakeup_requested(void)
+{
+    return wakeup_reason;
+}
+
+static int qemu_powerdown_requested(void)
+{
+    int r = powerdown_requested;
+    powerdown_requested = 0;
+    return r;
+}
+
+static int qemu_debug_requested(void)
+{
+    int r = debug_requested;
+    debug_requested = 0;
+    return r;
+}
+
+void qemu_exit_preconfig_request(void)
+{
+    preconfig_exit_requested = true;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Reset the VM. Issue an event unless @reason is SHUTDOWN_CAUSE_NONE.
+ */
+void qemu_system_reset(ShutdownCause reason)
+{
+    MachineClass *mc;
+
+    mc = current_machine ? MACHINE_GET_CLASS(current_machine) : NULL;
+
+    cpu_synchronize_all_states();
+
+    if (mc && mc->reset) {
+        mc->reset(current_machine);
+    } else {
+        qemu_devices_reset();
+    }
+    if (reason && reason != SHUTDOWN_CAUSE_SUBSYSTEM_RESET) {
+        qapi_event_send_reset(shutdown_caused_by_guest(reason), reason);
+    }
+    cpu_synchronize_all_post_reset();
+}
+
+/*
+ * Wake the VM after suspend.
+ */
+static void qemu_system_wakeup(void)
+{
+    MachineClass *mc;
+
+    mc = current_machine ? MACHINE_GET_CLASS(current_machine) : NULL;
+
+    if (mc && mc->wakeup) {
+        mc->wakeup(current_machine);
+    }
+}
+
+void qemu_system_guest_panicked(GuestPanicInformation *info)
+{
+    qemu_log_mask(LOG_GUEST_ERROR, "Guest crashed");
+
+    if (current_cpu) {
+        current_cpu->crash_occurred = true;
+    }
+    qapi_event_send_guest_panicked(GUEST_PANIC_ACTION_PAUSE,
+                                   !!info, info);
+    vm_stop(RUN_STATE_GUEST_PANICKED);
+    if (!no_shutdown) {
+        qapi_event_send_guest_panicked(GUEST_PANIC_ACTION_POWEROFF,
+                                       !!info, info);
+        qemu_system_shutdown_request(SHUTDOWN_CAUSE_GUEST_PANIC);
+    }
+
+    if (info) {
+        if (info->type == GUEST_PANIC_INFORMATION_TYPE_HYPER_V) {
+            qemu_log_mask(LOG_GUEST_ERROR, "\nHV crash parameters: (%#"PRIx64
+                          " %#"PRIx64" %#"PRIx64" %#"PRIx64" %#"PRIx64")\n",
+                          info->u.hyper_v.arg1,
+                          info->u.hyper_v.arg2,
+                          info->u.hyper_v.arg3,
+                          info->u.hyper_v.arg4,
+                          info->u.hyper_v.arg5);
+        } else if (info->type == GUEST_PANIC_INFORMATION_TYPE_S390) {
+            qemu_log_mask(LOG_GUEST_ERROR, " on cpu %d: %s\n"
+                          "PSW: 0x%016" PRIx64 " 0x%016" PRIx64"\n",
+                          info->u.s390.core,
+                          S390CrashReason_str(info->u.s390.reason),
+                          info->u.s390.psw_mask,
+                          info->u.s390.psw_addr);
+        }
+        qapi_free_GuestPanicInformation(info);
+    }
+}
+
+void qemu_system_guest_crashloaded(GuestPanicInformation *info)
+{
+    qemu_log_mask(LOG_GUEST_ERROR, "Guest crash loaded");
+
+    qapi_event_send_guest_crashloaded(GUEST_PANIC_ACTION_RUN,
+                                   !!info, info);
+
+    if (info) {
+        qapi_free_GuestPanicInformation(info);
+    }
+}
+
+void qemu_system_reset_request(ShutdownCause reason)
+{
+    if (no_reboot && reason != SHUTDOWN_CAUSE_SUBSYSTEM_RESET) {
+        shutdown_requested = reason;
+    } else {
+        reset_requested = reason;
+    }
+    cpu_stop_current();
+    qemu_notify_event();
+}
+
+static void qemu_system_suspend(void)
+{
+    pause_all_vcpus();
+    notifier_list_notify(&suspend_notifiers, NULL);
+    runstate_set(RUN_STATE_SUSPENDED);
+    qapi_event_send_suspend();
+}
+
+void qemu_system_suspend_request(void)
+{
+    if (runstate_check(RUN_STATE_SUSPENDED)) {
+        return;
+    }
+    suspend_requested = 1;
+    cpu_stop_current();
+    qemu_notify_event();
+}
+
+void qemu_register_suspend_notifier(Notifier *notifier)
+{
+    notifier_list_add(&suspend_notifiers, notifier);
+}
+
+void qemu_system_wakeup_request(WakeupReason reason, Error **errp)
+{
+    trace_system_wakeup_request(reason);
+
+    if (!runstate_check(RUN_STATE_SUSPENDED)) {
+        error_setg(errp,
+                   "Unable to wake up: guest is not in suspended state");
+        return;
+    }
+    if (!(wakeup_reason_mask & (1 << reason))) {
+        return;
+    }
+    runstate_set(RUN_STATE_RUNNING);
+    wakeup_reason = reason;
+    qemu_notify_event();
+}
+
+void qemu_system_wakeup_enable(WakeupReason reason, bool enabled)
+{
+    if (enabled) {
+        wakeup_reason_mask |= (1 << reason);
+    } else {
+        wakeup_reason_mask &= ~(1 << reason);
+    }
+}
+
+void qemu_register_wakeup_notifier(Notifier *notifier)
+{
+    notifier_list_add(&wakeup_notifiers, notifier);
+}
+
+void qemu_register_wakeup_support(void)
+{
+    wakeup_suspend_enabled = true;
+}
+
+bool qemu_wakeup_suspend_enabled(void)
+{
+    return wakeup_suspend_enabled;
+}
+
+void qemu_system_killed(int signal, pid_t pid)
+{
+    shutdown_signal = signal;
+    shutdown_pid = pid;
+    no_shutdown = 0;
+
+    /* Cannot call qemu_system_shutdown_request directly because
+     * we are in a signal handler.
+     */
+    shutdown_requested = SHUTDOWN_CAUSE_HOST_SIGNAL;
+    qemu_notify_event();
+}
+
+void qemu_system_shutdown_request(ShutdownCause reason)
+{
+    trace_qemu_system_shutdown_request(reason);
+    replay_shutdown_request(reason);
+    shutdown_requested = reason;
+    qemu_notify_event();
+}
+
+static void qemu_system_powerdown(void)
+{
+    qapi_event_send_powerdown();
+    notifier_list_notify(&powerdown_notifiers, NULL);
+}
+
+static void qemu_system_shutdown(ShutdownCause cause)
+{
+    qapi_event_send_shutdown(shutdown_caused_by_guest(cause), cause);
+    notifier_list_notify(&shutdown_notifiers, &cause);
+}
+
+void qemu_system_powerdown_request(void)
+{
+    trace_qemu_system_powerdown_request();
+    powerdown_requested = 1;
+    qemu_notify_event();
+}
+
+void qemu_register_powerdown_notifier(Notifier *notifier)
+{
+    notifier_list_add(&powerdown_notifiers, notifier);
+}
+
+void qemu_register_shutdown_notifier(Notifier *notifier)
+{
+    notifier_list_add(&shutdown_notifiers, notifier);
+}
+
+void qemu_system_debug_request(void)
+{
+    debug_requested = 1;
+    qemu_notify_event();
+}
+
+static bool main_loop_should_exit(void)
+{
+    RunState r;
+    ShutdownCause request;
+
+    if (preconfig_exit_requested) {
+        if (runstate_check(RUN_STATE_PRECONFIG)) {
+            runstate_set(RUN_STATE_PRELAUNCH);
+        }
+        preconfig_exit_requested = false;
+        return true;
+    }
+    if (qemu_debug_requested()) {
+        vm_stop(RUN_STATE_DEBUG);
+    }
+    if (qemu_suspend_requested()) {
+        qemu_system_suspend();
+    }
+    request = qemu_shutdown_requested();
+    if (request) {
+        qemu_kill_report();
+        qemu_system_shutdown(request);
+        if (no_shutdown) {
+            vm_stop(RUN_STATE_SHUTDOWN);
+        } else {
+            return true;
+        }
+    }
+    request = qemu_reset_requested();
+    if (request) {
+        pause_all_vcpus();
+        qemu_system_reset(request);
+        resume_all_vcpus();
+        /*
+         * runstate can change in pause_all_vcpus()
+         * as iothread mutex is unlocked
+         */
+        if (!runstate_check(RUN_STATE_RUNNING) &&
+                !runstate_check(RUN_STATE_INMIGRATE) &&
+                !runstate_check(RUN_STATE_FINISH_MIGRATE)) {
+            runstate_set(RUN_STATE_PRELAUNCH);
+        }
+    }
+    if (qemu_wakeup_requested()) {
+        pause_all_vcpus();
+        qemu_system_wakeup();
+        notifier_list_notify(&wakeup_notifiers, &wakeup_reason);
+        wakeup_reason = QEMU_WAKEUP_REASON_NONE;
+        resume_all_vcpus();
+        qapi_event_send_wakeup();
+    }
+    if (qemu_powerdown_requested()) {
+        qemu_system_powerdown();
+    }
+    if (qemu_vmstop_requested(&r)) {
+        vm_stop(r);
+    }
+    return false;
+}
+
+void qemu_main_loop(void)
+{
+#ifdef CONFIG_PROFILER
+    int64_t ti;
+#endif
+    while (!main_loop_should_exit()) {
+#ifdef CONFIG_PROFILER
+        ti = profile_getclock();
+#endif
+        main_loop_wait(false);
+#ifdef CONFIG_PROFILER
+        dev_time += profile_getclock() - ti;
+#endif
+    }
+}
+
+static void version(void)
+{
+    printf("QEMU emulator version " QEMU_FULL_VERSION "\n"
+           QEMU_COPYRIGHT "\n");
+}
+
+static void help(int exitcode)
+{
+    version();
+    printf("usage: %s [options] [disk_image]\n\n"
+           "'disk_image' is a raw hard disk image for IDE hard disk 0\n\n",
+            error_get_progname());
+
+#define QEMU_OPTIONS_GENERATE_HELP
+#include "qemu-options-wrapper.h"
+
+    printf("\nDuring emulation, the following keys are useful:\n"
+           "ctrl-alt-f      toggle full screen\n"
+           "ctrl-alt-n      switch to virtual console 'n'\n"
+           "ctrl-alt        toggle mouse and keyboard grab\n"
+           "\n"
+           "When using -nographic, press 'ctrl-a h' to get some help.\n"
+           "\n"
+           QEMU_HELP_BOTTOM "\n");
+
+    exit(exitcode);
+}
+
+#define HAS_ARG 0x0001
+
+typedef struct QEMUOption {
+    const char *name;
+    int flags;
+    int index;
+    uint32_t arch_mask;
+} QEMUOption;
+
+static const QEMUOption qemu_options[] = {
+    { "h", 0, QEMU_OPTION_h, QEMU_ARCH_ALL },
+#define QEMU_OPTIONS_GENERATE_OPTIONS
+#include "qemu-options-wrapper.h"
+    { NULL },
+};
+
+typedef struct VGAInterfaceInfo {
+    const char *opt_name;    /* option name */
+    const char *name;        /* human-readable name */
+    /* Class names indicating that support is available.
+     * If no class is specified, the interface is always available */
+    const char *class_names[2];
+} VGAInterfaceInfo;
+
+static const VGAInterfaceInfo vga_interfaces[VGA_TYPE_MAX] = {
+    [VGA_NONE] = {
+        .opt_name = "none",
+        .name = "no graphic card",
+    },
+    [VGA_STD] = {
+        .opt_name = "std",
+        .name = "standard VGA",
+        .class_names = { "VGA", "isa-vga" },
+    },
+    [VGA_CIRRUS] = {
+        .opt_name = "cirrus",
+        .name = "Cirrus VGA",
+        .class_names = { "cirrus-vga", "isa-cirrus-vga" },
+    },
+    [VGA_VMWARE] = {
+        .opt_name = "vmware",
+        .name = "VMWare SVGA",
+        .class_names = { "vmware-svga" },
+    },
+    [VGA_VIRTIO] = {
+        .opt_name = "virtio",
+        .name = "Virtio VGA",
+        .class_names = { "virtio-vga" },
+    },
+    [VGA_QXL] = {
+        .opt_name = "qxl",
+        .name = "QXL VGA",
+        .class_names = { "qxl-vga" },
+    },
+    [VGA_TCX] = {
+        .opt_name = "tcx",
+        .name = "TCX framebuffer",
+        .class_names = { "SUNW,tcx" },
+    },
+    [VGA_CG3] = {
+        .opt_name = "cg3",
+        .name = "CG3 framebuffer",
+        .class_names = { "cgthree" },
+    },
+    [VGA_XENFB] = {
+        .opt_name = "xenfb",
+        .name = "Xen paravirtualized framebuffer",
+    },
+};
+
+static bool vga_interface_available(VGAInterfaceType t)
+{
+    const VGAInterfaceInfo *ti = &vga_interfaces[t];
+
+    assert(t < VGA_TYPE_MAX);
+    return !ti->class_names[0] ||
+           object_class_by_name(ti->class_names[0]) ||
+           object_class_by_name(ti->class_names[1]);
+}
+
+static const char *
+get_default_vga_model(const MachineClass *machine_class)
+{
+    if (machine_class->default_display) {
+        return machine_class->default_display;
+    } else if (vga_interface_available(VGA_CIRRUS)) {
+        return "cirrus";
+    } else if (vga_interface_available(VGA_STD)) {
+        return "std";
+    }
+
+    return NULL;
+}
+
+static void select_vgahw(const MachineClass *machine_class, const char *p)
+{
+    const char *opts;
+    int t;
+
+    if (g_str_equal(p, "help")) {
+        const char *def = get_default_vga_model(machine_class);
+
+        for (t = 0; t < VGA_TYPE_MAX; t++) {
+            const VGAInterfaceInfo *ti = &vga_interfaces[t];
+
+            if (vga_interface_available(t) && ti->opt_name) {
+                printf("%-20s %s%s\n", ti->opt_name, ti->name ?: "",
+                       g_str_equal(ti->opt_name, def) ? " (default)" : "");
+            }
+        }
+        exit(0);
+    }
+
+    assert(vga_interface_type == VGA_NONE);
+    for (t = 0; t < VGA_TYPE_MAX; t++) {
+        const VGAInterfaceInfo *ti = &vga_interfaces[t];
+        if (ti->opt_name && strstart(p, ti->opt_name, &opts)) {
+            if (!vga_interface_available(t)) {
+                error_report("%s not available", ti->name);
+                exit(1);
+            }
+            vga_interface_type = t;
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+    if (t == VGA_TYPE_MAX) {
+    invalid_vga:
+        error_report("unknown vga type: %s", p);
+        exit(1);
+    }
+    while (*opts) {
+        const char *nextopt;
+
+        if (strstart(opts, ",retrace=", &nextopt)) {
+            opts = nextopt;
+            if (strstart(opts, "dumb", &nextopt))
+                vga_retrace_method = VGA_RETRACE_DUMB;
+            else if (strstart(opts, "precise", &nextopt))
+                vga_retrace_method = VGA_RETRACE_PRECISE;
+            else goto invalid_vga;
+        } else goto invalid_vga;
+        opts = nextopt;
+    }
+}
+
+static void parse_display_qapi(const char *optarg)
+{
+    DisplayOptions *opts;
+    Visitor *v;
+
+    v = qobject_input_visitor_new_str(optarg, "type", &error_fatal);
+
+    visit_type_DisplayOptions(v, NULL, &opts, &error_fatal);
+    QAPI_CLONE_MEMBERS(DisplayOptions, &dpy, opts);
+
+    qapi_free_DisplayOptions(opts);
+    visit_free(v);
+}
+
+DisplayOptions *qmp_query_display_options(Error **errp)
+{
+    return QAPI_CLONE(DisplayOptions, &dpy);
+}
+
+static void parse_display(const char *p)
+{
+    const char *opts;
+
+    if (is_help_option(p)) {
+        qemu_display_help();
+        exit(0);
+    }
+
+    if (strstart(p, "sdl", &opts)) {
+        /*
+         * sdl DisplayType needs hand-crafted parser instead of
+         * parse_display_qapi() due to some options not in
+         * DisplayOptions, specifically:
+         *   - frame
+         *     Already deprecated.
+         *   - ctrl_grab + alt_grab
+         *     Not clear yet what happens to them long-term.  Should
+         *     replaced by something better or deprecated and dropped.
+         */
+        dpy.type = DISPLAY_TYPE_SDL;
+        while (*opts) {
+            const char *nextopt;
+
+            if (strstart(opts, ",alt_grab=", &nextopt)) {
+                opts = nextopt;
+                if (strstart(opts, "on", &nextopt)) {
+                    alt_grab = 1;
+                } else if (strstart(opts, "off", &nextopt)) {
+                    alt_grab = 0;
+                } else {
+                    goto invalid_sdl_args;
+                }
+            } else if (strstart(opts, ",ctrl_grab=", &nextopt)) {
+                opts = nextopt;
+                if (strstart(opts, "on", &nextopt)) {
+                    ctrl_grab = 1;
+                } else if (strstart(opts, "off", &nextopt)) {
+                    ctrl_grab = 0;
+                } else {
+                    goto invalid_sdl_args;
+                }
+            } else if (strstart(opts, ",window_close=", &nextopt)) {
+                opts = nextopt;
+                dpy.has_window_close = true;
+                if (strstart(opts, "on", &nextopt)) {
+                    dpy.window_close = true;
+                } else if (strstart(opts, "off", &nextopt)) {
+                    dpy.window_close = false;
+                } else {
+                    goto invalid_sdl_args;
+                }
+            } else if (strstart(opts, ",show-cursor=", &nextopt)) {
+                opts = nextopt;
+                dpy.has_show_cursor = true;
+                if (strstart(opts, "on", &nextopt)) {
+                    dpy.show_cursor = true;
+                } else if (strstart(opts, "off", &nextopt)) {
+                    dpy.show_cursor = false;
+                } else {
+                    goto invalid_sdl_args;
+                }
+            } else if (strstart(opts, ",gl=", &nextopt)) {
+                opts = nextopt;
+                dpy.has_gl = true;
+                if (strstart(opts, "on", &nextopt)) {
+                    dpy.gl = DISPLAYGL_MODE_ON;
+                } else if (strstart(opts, "core", &nextopt)) {
+                    dpy.gl = DISPLAYGL_MODE_CORE;
+                } else if (strstart(opts, "es", &nextopt)) {
+                    dpy.gl = DISPLAYGL_MODE_ES;
+                } else if (strstart(opts, "off", &nextopt)) {
+                    dpy.gl = DISPLAYGL_MODE_OFF;
+                } else {
+                    goto invalid_sdl_args;
+                }
+            } else {
+            invalid_sdl_args:
+                error_report("invalid SDL option string");
+                exit(1);
+            }
+            opts = nextopt;
+        }
+    } else if (strstart(p, "vnc", &opts)) {
+        /*
+         * vnc isn't a (local) DisplayType but a protocol for remote
+         * display access.
+         */
+        if (*opts == '=') {
+            vnc_parse(opts + 1, &error_fatal);
+        } else {
+            error_report("VNC requires a display argument vnc=<display>");
+            exit(1);
+        }
+    } else {
+        parse_display_qapi(p);
+    }
+}
+
+char *qemu_find_file(int type, const char *name)
+{
+    int i;
+    const char *subdir;
+    char *buf;
+
+    /* Try the name as a straight path first */
+    if (access(name, R_OK) == 0) {
+        trace_load_file(name, name);
+        return g_strdup(name);
+    }
+
+    switch (type) {
+    case QEMU_FILE_TYPE_BIOS:
+        subdir = "";
+        break;
+    case QEMU_FILE_TYPE_KEYMAP:
+        subdir = "keymaps/";
+        break;
+    default:
+        abort();
+    }
+
+    for (i = 0; i < data_dir_idx; i++) {
+        buf = g_strdup_printf("%s/%s%s", data_dir[i], subdir, name);
+        if (access(buf, R_OK) == 0) {
+            trace_load_file(name, buf);
+            return buf;
+        }
+        g_free(buf);
+    }
+    return NULL;
+}
+
+static void qemu_add_data_dir(const char *path)
+{
+    int i;
+
+    if (path == NULL) {
+        return;
+    }
+    if (data_dir_idx == ARRAY_SIZE(data_dir)) {
+        return;
+    }
+    for (i = 0; i < data_dir_idx; i++) {
+        if (strcmp(data_dir[i], path) == 0) {
+            return; /* duplicate */
+        }
+    }
+    data_dir[data_dir_idx++] = g_strdup(path);
+}
+
+static inline bool nonempty_str(const char *str)
+{
+    return str && *str;
+}
+
+static int parse_fw_cfg(void *opaque, QemuOpts *opts, Error **errp)
+{
+    gchar *buf;
+    size_t size;
+    const char *name, *file, *str;
+    FWCfgState *fw_cfg = (FWCfgState *) opaque;
+
+    if (fw_cfg == NULL) {
+        error_setg(errp, "fw_cfg device not available");
+        return -1;
+    }
+    name = qemu_opt_get(opts, "name");
+    file = qemu_opt_get(opts, "file");
+    str = qemu_opt_get(opts, "string");
+
+    /* we need name and either a file or the content string */
+    if (!(nonempty_str(name) && (nonempty_str(file) || nonempty_str(str)))) {
+        error_setg(errp, "invalid argument(s)");
+        return -1;
+    }
+    if (nonempty_str(file) && nonempty_str(str)) {
+        error_setg(errp, "file and string are mutually exclusive");
+        return -1;
+    }
+    if (strlen(name) > FW_CFG_MAX_FILE_PATH - 1) {
+        error_setg(errp, "name too long (max. %d char)",
+                   FW_CFG_MAX_FILE_PATH - 1);
+        return -1;
+    }
+    if (strncmp(name, "opt/", 4) != 0) {
+        warn_report("externally provided fw_cfg item names "
+                    "should be prefixed with \"opt/\"");
+    }
+    if (nonempty_str(str)) {
+        size = strlen(str); /* NUL terminator NOT included in fw_cfg blob */
+        buf = g_memdup(str, size);
+    } else {
+        GError *err = NULL;
+        if (!g_file_get_contents(file, &buf, &size, &err)) {
+            error_setg(errp, "can't load %s: %s", file, err->message);
+            g_error_free(err);
+            return -1;
+        }
+    }
+    /* For legacy, keep user files in a specific global order. */
+    fw_cfg_set_order_override(fw_cfg, FW_CFG_ORDER_OVERRIDE_USER);
+    fw_cfg_add_file(fw_cfg, name, buf, size);
+    fw_cfg_reset_order_override(fw_cfg);
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static int device_help_func(void *opaque, QemuOpts *opts, Error **errp)
+{
+    return qdev_device_help(opts);
+}
+
+static int device_init_func(void *opaque, QemuOpts *opts, Error **errp)
+{
+    DeviceState *dev;
+
+    dev = qdev_device_add(opts, errp);
+    if (!dev && *errp) {
+        error_report_err(*errp);
+        return -1;
+    } else if (dev) {
+        object_unref(OBJECT(dev));
+    }
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static int chardev_init_func(void *opaque, QemuOpts *opts, Error **errp)
+{
+    Error *local_err = NULL;
+
+    if (!qemu_chr_new_from_opts(opts, NULL, &local_err)) {
+        if (local_err) {
+            error_propagate(errp, local_err);
+            return -1;
+        }
+        exit(0);
+    }
+    return 0;
+}
+
+#ifdef CONFIG_VIRTFS
+static int fsdev_init_func(void *opaque, QemuOpts *opts, Error **errp)
+{
+    return qemu_fsdev_add(opts, errp);
+}
+#endif
+
+static int mon_init_func(void *opaque, QemuOpts *opts, Error **errp)
+{
+    return monitor_init_opts(opts, errp);
+}
+
+static void monitor_parse(const char *optarg, const char *mode, bool pretty)
+{
+    static int monitor_device_index = 0;
+    QemuOpts *opts;
+    const char *p;
+    char label[32];
+
+    if (strstart(optarg, "chardev:", &p)) {
+        snprintf(label, sizeof(label), "%s", p);
+    } else {
+        snprintf(label, sizeof(label), "compat_monitor%d",
+                 monitor_device_index);
+        opts = qemu_chr_parse_compat(label, optarg, true);
+        if (!opts) {
+            error_report("parse error: %s", optarg);
+            exit(1);
+        }
+    }
+
+    opts = qemu_opts_create(qemu_find_opts("mon"), label, 1, &error_fatal);
+    qemu_opt_set(opts, "mode", mode, &error_abort);
+    qemu_opt_set(opts, "chardev", label, &error_abort);
+    if (!strcmp(mode, "control")) {
+        qemu_opt_set_bool(opts, "pretty", pretty, &error_abort);
+    } else {
+        assert(pretty == false);
+    }
+    monitor_device_index++;
+}
+
+struct device_config {
+    enum {
+        DEV_USB,       /* -usbdevice     */
+        DEV_SERIAL,    /* -serial        */
+        DEV_PARALLEL,  /* -parallel      */
+        DEV_DEBUGCON,  /* -debugcon */
+        DEV_GDB,       /* -gdb, -s */
+        DEV_SCLP,      /* s390 sclp */
+    } type;
+    const char *cmdline;
+    Location loc;
+    QTAILQ_ENTRY(device_config) next;
+};
+
+static QTAILQ_HEAD(, device_config) device_configs =
+    QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(device_configs);
+
+static void add_device_config(int type, const char *cmdline)
+{
+    struct device_config *conf;
+
+    conf = g_malloc0(sizeof(*conf));
+    conf->type = type;
+    conf->cmdline = cmdline;
+    loc_save(&conf->loc);
+    QTAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(&device_configs, conf, next);
+}
+
+static int foreach_device_config(int type, int (*func)(const char *cmdline))
+{
+    struct device_config *conf;
+    int rc;
+
+    QTAILQ_FOREACH(conf, &device_configs, next) {
+        if (conf->type != type)
+            continue;
+        loc_push_restore(&conf->loc);
+        rc = func(conf->cmdline);
+        loc_pop(&conf->loc);
+        if (rc) {
+            return rc;
+        }
+    }
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static int serial_parse(const char *devname)
+{
+    int index = num_serial_hds;
+    char label[32];
+
+    if (strcmp(devname, "none") == 0)
+        return 0;
+    snprintf(label, sizeof(label), "serial%d", index);
+    serial_hds = g_renew(Chardev *, serial_hds, index + 1);
+
+    serial_hds[index] = qemu_chr_new_mux_mon(label, devname, NULL);
+    if (!serial_hds[index]) {
+        error_report("could not connect serial device"
+                     " to character backend '%s'", devname);
+        return -1;
+    }
+    num_serial_hds++;
+    return 0;
+}
+
+Chardev *serial_hd(int i)
+{
+    assert(i >= 0);
+    if (i < num_serial_hds) {
+        return serial_hds[i];
+    }
+    return NULL;
+}
+
+int serial_max_hds(void)
+{
+    return num_serial_hds;
+}
+
+static int parallel_parse(const char *devname)
+{
+    static int index = 0;
+    char label[32];
+
+    if (strcmp(devname, "none") == 0)
+        return 0;
+    if (index == MAX_PARALLEL_PORTS) {
+        error_report("too many parallel ports");
+        exit(1);
+    }
+    snprintf(label, sizeof(label), "parallel%d", index);
+    parallel_hds[index] = qemu_chr_new_mux_mon(label, devname, NULL);
+    if (!parallel_hds[index]) {
+        error_report("could not connect parallel device"
+                     " to character backend '%s'", devname);
+        return -1;
+    }
+    index++;
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static int debugcon_parse(const char *devname)
+{
+    QemuOpts *opts;
+
+    if (!qemu_chr_new_mux_mon("debugcon", devname, NULL)) {
+        error_report("invalid character backend '%s'", devname);
+        exit(1);
+    }
+    opts = qemu_opts_create(qemu_find_opts("device"), "debugcon", 1, NULL);
+    if (!opts) {
+        error_report("already have a debugcon device");
+        exit(1);
+    }
+    qemu_opt_set(opts, "driver", "isa-debugcon", &error_abort);
+    qemu_opt_set(opts, "chardev", "debugcon", &error_abort);
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static gint machine_class_cmp(gconstpointer a, gconstpointer b)
+{
+    const MachineClass *mc1 = a, *mc2 = b;
+    int res;
+
+    if (mc1->family == NULL) {
+        if (mc2->family == NULL) {
+            /* Compare standalone machine types against each other; they sort
+             * in increasing order.
+             */
+            return strcmp(object_class_get_name(OBJECT_CLASS(mc1)),
+                          object_class_get_name(OBJECT_CLASS(mc2)));
+        }
+
+        /* Standalone machine types sort after families. */
+        return 1;
+    }
+
+    if (mc2->family == NULL) {
+        /* Families sort before standalone machine types. */
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    /* Families sort between each other alphabetically increasingly. */
+    res = strcmp(mc1->family, mc2->family);
+    if (res != 0) {
+        return res;
+    }
+
+    /* Within the same family, machine types sort in decreasing order. */
+    return strcmp(object_class_get_name(OBJECT_CLASS(mc2)),
+                  object_class_get_name(OBJECT_CLASS(mc1)));
+}
+
+static MachineClass *machine_parse(const char *name, GSList *machines)
+{
+    MachineClass *mc;
+    GSList *el;
+
+    if (is_help_option(name)) {
+        printf("Supported machines are:\n");
+        machines = g_slist_sort(machines, machine_class_cmp);
+        for (el = machines; el; el = el->next) {
+            MachineClass *mc = el->data;
+            if (mc->alias) {
+                printf("%-20s %s (alias of %s)\n", mc->alias, mc->desc, mc->name);
+            }
+            printf("%-20s %s%s%s\n", mc->name, mc->desc,
+                   mc->is_default ? " (default)" : "",
+                   mc->deprecation_reason ? " (deprecated)" : "");
+        }
+        exit(0);
+    }
+
+    mc = find_machine(name, machines);
+    if (!mc) {
+        error_report("unsupported machine type");
+        error_printf("Use -machine help to list supported machines\n");
+        exit(1);
+    }
+    return mc;
+}
+
+void qemu_add_exit_notifier(Notifier *notify)
+{
+    notifier_list_add(&exit_notifiers, notify);
+}
+
+void qemu_remove_exit_notifier(Notifier *notify)
+{
+    notifier_remove(notify);
+}
+
+static void qemu_run_exit_notifiers(void)
+{
+    notifier_list_notify(&exit_notifiers, NULL);
+}
+
+static const char *pid_file;
+static Notifier qemu_unlink_pidfile_notifier;
+
+static void qemu_unlink_pidfile(Notifier *n, void *data)
+{
+    if (pid_file) {
+        unlink(pid_file);
+    }
+}
+
+bool machine_init_done;
+
+void qemu_add_machine_init_done_notifier(Notifier *notify)
+{
+    notifier_list_add(&machine_init_done_notifiers, notify);
+    if (machine_init_done) {
+        notify->notify(notify, NULL);
+    }
+}
+
+void qemu_remove_machine_init_done_notifier(Notifier *notify)
+{
+    notifier_remove(notify);
+}
+
+static void qemu_run_machine_init_done_notifiers(void)
+{
+    machine_init_done = true;
+    notifier_list_notify(&machine_init_done_notifiers, NULL);
+}
+
+static const QEMUOption *lookup_opt(int argc, char **argv,
+                                    const char **poptarg, int *poptind)
+{
+    const QEMUOption *popt;
+    int optind = *poptind;
+    char *r = argv[optind];
+    const char *optarg;
+
+    loc_set_cmdline(argv, optind, 1);
+    optind++;
+    /* Treat --foo the same as -foo.  */
+    if (r[1] == '-')
+        r++;
+    popt = qemu_options;
+    for(;;) {
+        if (!popt->name) {
+            error_report("invalid option");
+            exit(1);
+        }
+        if (!strcmp(popt->name, r + 1))
+            break;
+        popt++;
+    }
+    if (popt->flags & HAS_ARG) {
+        if (optind >= argc) {
+            error_report("requires an argument");
+            exit(1);
+        }
+        optarg = argv[optind++];
+        loc_set_cmdline(argv, optind - 2, 2);
+    } else {
+        optarg = NULL;
+    }
+
+    *poptarg = optarg;
+    *poptind = optind;
+
+    return popt;
+}
+
+static MachineClass *select_machine(void)
+{
+    GSList *machines = object_class_get_list(TYPE_MACHINE, false);
+    MachineClass *machine_class = find_default_machine(machines);
+    const char *optarg;
+    QemuOpts *opts;
+    Location loc;
+
+    loc_push_none(&loc);
+
+    opts = qemu_get_machine_opts();
+    qemu_opts_loc_restore(opts);
+
+    optarg = qemu_opt_get(opts, "type");
+    if (optarg) {
+        machine_class = machine_parse(optarg, machines);
+    }
+
+    if (!machine_class) {
+        error_report("No machine specified, and there is no default");
+        error_printf("Use -machine help to list supported machines\n");
+        exit(1);
+    }
+
+    loc_pop(&loc);
+    g_slist_free(machines);
+    return machine_class;
+}
+
+static int object_parse_property_opt(Object *obj,
+                                     const char *name, const char *value,
+                                     const char *skip, Error **errp)
+{
+    Error *local_err = NULL;
+
+    if (g_str_equal(name, skip)) {
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    object_property_parse(obj, value, name, &local_err);
+
+    if (local_err) {
+        error_propagate(errp, local_err);
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static int machine_set_property(void *opaque,
+                                const char *name, const char *value,
+                                Error **errp)
+{
+    g_autofree char *qom_name = g_strdup(name);
+    char *p;
+
+    for (p = qom_name; *p; p++) {
+        if (*p == '_') {
+            *p = '-';
+        }
+    }
+
+    /* Legacy options do not correspond to MachineState properties.  */
+    if (g_str_equal(qom_name, "accel")) {
+        return 0;
+    }
+    if (g_str_equal(qom_name, "igd-passthru")) {
+        object_register_sugar_prop(ACCEL_CLASS_NAME("xen"), qom_name, value);
+        return 0;
+    }
+    if (g_str_equal(qom_name, "kvm-shadow-mem") ||
+        g_str_equal(qom_name, "kernel-irqchip")) {
+        object_register_sugar_prop(ACCEL_CLASS_NAME("kvm"), qom_name, value);
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    return object_parse_property_opt(opaque, name, value, "type", errp);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Initial object creation happens before all other
+ * QEMU data types are created. The majority of objects
+ * can be created at this point. The rng-egd object
+ * cannot be created here, as it depends on the chardev
+ * already existing.
+ */
+static bool object_create_initial(const char *type, QemuOpts *opts)
+{
+    if (user_creatable_print_help(type, opts)) {
+        exit(0);
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * Objects should not be made "delayed" without a reason.  If you
+     * add one, state the reason in a comment!
+     */
+
+    /* Reason: rng-egd property "chardev" */
+    if (g_str_equal(type, "rng-egd")) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+#if defined(CONFIG_VHOST_USER) && defined(CONFIG_LINUX)
+    /* Reason: cryptodev-vhost-user property "chardev" */
+    if (g_str_equal(type, "cryptodev-vhost-user")) {
+        return false;
+    }
+#endif
+
+    /*
+     * Reason: filter-* property "netdev" etc.
+     */
+    if (g_str_equal(type, "filter-buffer") ||
+        g_str_equal(type, "filter-dump") ||
+        g_str_equal(type, "filter-mirror") ||
+        g_str_equal(type, "filter-redirector") ||
+        g_str_equal(type, "colo-compare") ||
+        g_str_equal(type, "filter-rewriter") ||
+        g_str_equal(type, "filter-replay")) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    /* Memory allocation by backends needs to be done
+     * after configure_accelerator() (due to the tcg_enabled()
+     * checks at memory_region_init_*()).
+     *
+     * Also, allocation of large amounts of memory may delay
+     * chardev initialization for too long, and trigger timeouts
+     * on software that waits for a monitor socket to be created
+     * (e.g. libvirt).
+     */
+    if (g_str_has_prefix(type, "memory-backend-")) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+
+/*
+ * The remainder of object creation happens after the
+ * creation of chardev, fsdev, net clients and device data types.
+ */
+static bool object_create_delayed(const char *type, QemuOpts *opts)
+{
+    return !object_create_initial(type, opts);
+}
+
+
+static void set_memory_options(uint64_t *ram_slots, ram_addr_t *maxram_size,
+                               MachineClass *mc)
+{
+    uint64_t sz;
+    const char *mem_str;
+    const ram_addr_t default_ram_size = mc->default_ram_size;
+    QemuOpts *opts = qemu_find_opts_singleton("memory");
+    Location loc;
+
+    loc_push_none(&loc);
+    qemu_opts_loc_restore(opts);
+
+    sz = 0;
+    mem_str = qemu_opt_get(opts, "size");
+    if (mem_str) {
+        if (!*mem_str) {
+            error_report("missing 'size' option value");
+            exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+        }
+
+        sz = qemu_opt_get_size(opts, "size", ram_size);
+
+        /* Fix up legacy suffix-less format */
+        if (g_ascii_isdigit(mem_str[strlen(mem_str) - 1])) {
+            uint64_t overflow_check = sz;
+
+            sz *= MiB;
+            if (sz / MiB != overflow_check) {
+                error_report("too large 'size' option value");
+                exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /* backward compatibility behaviour for case "-m 0" */
+    if (sz == 0) {
+        sz = default_ram_size;
+    }
+
+    sz = QEMU_ALIGN_UP(sz, 8192);
+    ram_size = sz;
+    if (ram_size != sz) {
+        error_report("ram size too large");
+        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+    }
+
+    /* store value for the future use */
+    qemu_opt_set_number(opts, "size", ram_size, &error_abort);
+    *maxram_size = ram_size;
+
+    if (qemu_opt_get(opts, "maxmem")) {
+        uint64_t slots;
+
+        sz = qemu_opt_get_size(opts, "maxmem", 0);
+        slots = qemu_opt_get_number(opts, "slots", 0);
+        if (sz < ram_size) {
+            error_report("invalid value of -m option maxmem: "
+                         "maximum memory size (0x%" PRIx64 ") must be at least "
+                         "the initial memory size (0x" RAM_ADDR_FMT ")",
+                         sz, ram_size);
+            exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+        } else if (slots && sz == ram_size) {
+            error_report("invalid value of -m option maxmem: "
+                         "memory slots were specified but maximum memory size "
+                         "(0x%" PRIx64 ") is equal to the initial memory size "
+                         "(0x" RAM_ADDR_FMT ")", sz, ram_size);
+            exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+        }
+
+        *maxram_size = sz;
+        *ram_slots = slots;
+    } else if (qemu_opt_get(opts, "slots")) {
+        error_report("invalid -m option value: missing 'maxmem' option");
+        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+    }
+
+    loc_pop(&loc);
+}
+
+static int global_init_func(void *opaque, QemuOpts *opts, Error **errp)
+{
+    GlobalProperty *g;
+
+    g = g_malloc0(sizeof(*g));
+    g->driver   = qemu_opt_get(opts, "driver");
+    g->property = qemu_opt_get(opts, "property");
+    g->value    = qemu_opt_get(opts, "value");
+    qdev_prop_register_global(g);
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static int qemu_read_default_config_file(void)
+{
+    int ret;
+
+    ret = qemu_read_config_file(CONFIG_QEMU_CONFDIR "/qemu.conf");
+    if (ret < 0 && ret != -ENOENT) {
+        return ret;
+    }
+
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static void user_register_global_props(void)
+{
+    qemu_opts_foreach(qemu_find_opts("global"),
+                      global_init_func, NULL, NULL);
+}
+
+static int do_configure_icount(void *opaque, QemuOpts *opts, Error **errp)
+{
+    configure_icount(opts, errp);
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static int accelerator_set_property(void *opaque,
+                                const char *name, const char *value,
+                                Error **errp)
+{
+    return object_parse_property_opt(opaque, name, value, "accel", errp);
+}
+
+static int do_configure_accelerator(void *opaque, QemuOpts *opts, Error **errp)
+{
+    bool *p_init_failed = opaque;
+    const char *acc = qemu_opt_get(opts, "accel");
+    AccelClass *ac = accel_find(acc);
+    AccelState *accel;
+    int ret;
+
+    if (!ac) {
+        *p_init_failed = true;
+        error_report("invalid accelerator %s", acc);
+        return 0;
+    }
+    accel = ACCEL(object_new_with_class(OBJECT_CLASS(ac)));
+    object_apply_compat_props(OBJECT(accel));
+    qemu_opt_foreach(opts, accelerator_set_property,
+                     accel,
+                     &error_fatal);
+
+    ret = accel_init_machine(accel, current_machine);
+    if (ret < 0) {
+        *p_init_failed = true;
+        error_report("failed to initialize %s: %s",
+                     acc, strerror(-ret));
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    return 1;
+}
+
+static void configure_accelerators(const char *progname)
+{
+    const char *accel;
+    bool init_failed = false;
+
+    qemu_opts_foreach(qemu_find_opts("icount"),
+                      do_configure_icount, NULL, &error_fatal);
+
+    accel = qemu_opt_get(qemu_get_machine_opts(), "accel");
+    if (QTAILQ_EMPTY(&qemu_accel_opts.head)) {
+        char **accel_list, **tmp;
+
+        if (accel == NULL) {
+            /* Select the default accelerator */
+            bool have_tcg = accel_find("tcg");
+            bool have_kvm = accel_find("kvm");
+
+            if (have_tcg && have_kvm) {
+                if (g_str_has_suffix(progname, "kvm")) {
+                    /* If the program name ends with "kvm", we prefer KVM */
+                    accel = "kvm:tcg";
+                } else {
+                    accel = "tcg:kvm";
+                }
+            } else if (have_kvm) {
+                accel = "kvm";
+            } else if (have_tcg) {
+                accel = "tcg";
+            } else {
+                error_report("No accelerator selected and"
+                             " no default accelerator available");
+                exit(1);
+            }
+        }
+        accel_list = g_strsplit(accel, ":", 0);
+
+        for (tmp = accel_list; *tmp; tmp++) {
+            /*
+             * Filter invalid accelerators here, to prevent obscenities
+             * such as "-machine accel=tcg,,thread=single".
+             */
+            if (accel_find(*tmp)) {
+                qemu_opts_parse_noisily(qemu_find_opts("accel"), *tmp, true);
+            } else {
+                init_failed = true;
+                error_report("invalid accelerator %s", *tmp);
+            }
+        }
+        g_strfreev(accel_list);
+    } else {
+        if (accel != NULL) {
+            error_report("The -accel and \"-machine accel=\" options are incompatible");
+            exit(1);
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (!qemu_opts_foreach(qemu_find_opts("accel"),
+                           do_configure_accelerator, &init_failed, &error_fatal)) {
+        if (!init_failed) {
+            error_report("no accelerator found");
+        }
+        exit(1);
+    }
+
+    if (init_failed) {
+        AccelClass *ac = ACCEL_GET_CLASS(current_accel());
+        error_report("falling back to %s", ac->name);
+    }
+
+    if (use_icount && !(tcg_enabled() || qtest_enabled())) {
+        error_report("-icount is not allowed with hardware virtualization");
+        exit(1);
+    }
+}
+
+void qemu_init(int argc, char **argv, char **envp)
+{
+    int i;
+    int snapshot, linux_boot;
+    const char *initrd_filename;
+    const char *kernel_filename, *kernel_cmdline;
+    const char *boot_order = NULL;
+    const char *boot_once = NULL;
+    DisplayState *ds;
+    QemuOpts *opts, *machine_opts;
+    QemuOpts *icount_opts = NULL, *accel_opts = NULL;
+    QemuOptsList *olist;
+    int optind;
+    const char *optarg;
+    const char *loadvm = NULL;
+    MachineClass *machine_class;
+    const char *cpu_option;
+    const char *vga_model = NULL;
+    const char *qtest_chrdev = NULL;
+    const char *qtest_log = NULL;
+    const char *incoming = NULL;
+    bool userconfig = true;
+    bool nographic = false;
+    int display_remote = 0;
+    const char *log_mask = NULL;
+    const char *log_file = NULL;
+    char *trace_file = NULL;
+    ram_addr_t maxram_size;
+    uint64_t ram_slots = 0;
+    FILE *vmstate_dump_file = NULL;
+    Error *main_loop_err = NULL;
+    Error *err = NULL;
+    bool list_data_dirs = false;
+    char *dir, **dirs;
+    BlockdevOptionsQueue bdo_queue = QSIMPLEQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(bdo_queue);
+    QemuPluginList plugin_list = QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(plugin_list);
+
+    os_set_line_buffering();
+
+    error_init(argv[0]);
+    module_call_init(MODULE_INIT_TRACE);
+
+    qemu_init_cpu_list();
+    qemu_init_cpu_loop();
+
+    qemu_mutex_lock_iothread();
+
+    atexit(qemu_run_exit_notifiers);
+    qemu_init_exec_dir(argv[0]);
+
+    module_call_init(MODULE_INIT_QOM);
+
+    qemu_add_opts(&qemu_drive_opts);
+    qemu_add_drive_opts(&qemu_legacy_drive_opts);
+    qemu_add_drive_opts(&qemu_common_drive_opts);
+    qemu_add_drive_opts(&qemu_drive_opts);
+    qemu_add_drive_opts(&bdrv_runtime_opts);
+    qemu_add_opts(&qemu_chardev_opts);
+    qemu_add_opts(&qemu_device_opts);
+    qemu_add_opts(&qemu_netdev_opts);
+    qemu_add_opts(&qemu_nic_opts);
+    qemu_add_opts(&qemu_net_opts);
+    qemu_add_opts(&qemu_rtc_opts);
+    qemu_add_opts(&qemu_global_opts);
+    qemu_add_opts(&qemu_mon_opts);
+    qemu_add_opts(&qemu_trace_opts);
+    qemu_plugin_add_opts();
+    qemu_add_opts(&qemu_option_rom_opts);
+    qemu_add_opts(&qemu_machine_opts);
+    qemu_add_opts(&qemu_accel_opts);
+    qemu_add_opts(&qemu_mem_opts);
+    qemu_add_opts(&qemu_smp_opts);
+    qemu_add_opts(&qemu_boot_opts);
+    qemu_add_opts(&qemu_add_fd_opts);
+    qemu_add_opts(&qemu_object_opts);
+    qemu_add_opts(&qemu_tpmdev_opts);
+    qemu_add_opts(&qemu_realtime_opts);
+    qemu_add_opts(&qemu_overcommit_opts);
+    qemu_add_opts(&qemu_msg_opts);
+    qemu_add_opts(&qemu_name_opts);
+    qemu_add_opts(&qemu_numa_opts);
+    qemu_add_opts(&qemu_icount_opts);
+    qemu_add_opts(&qemu_semihosting_config_opts);
+    qemu_add_opts(&qemu_fw_cfg_opts);
+    module_call_init(MODULE_INIT_OPTS);
+
+    runstate_init();
+    precopy_infrastructure_init();
+    postcopy_infrastructure_init();
+    monitor_init_globals();
+
+    if (qcrypto_init(&err) < 0) {
+        error_reportf_err(err, "cannot initialize crypto: ");
+        exit(1);
+    }
+
+    QTAILQ_INIT(&vm_change_state_head);
+    os_setup_early_signal_handling();
+
+    cpu_option = NULL;
+    snapshot = 0;
+
+    nb_nics = 0;
+
+    bdrv_init_with_whitelist();
+
+    autostart = 1;
+
+    /* first pass of option parsing */
+    optind = 1;
+    while (optind < argc) {
+        if (argv[optind][0] != '-') {
+            /* disk image */
+            optind++;
+        } else {
+            const QEMUOption *popt;
+
+            popt = lookup_opt(argc, argv, &optarg, &optind);
+            switch (popt->index) {
+            case QEMU_OPTION_nouserconfig:
+                userconfig = false;
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (userconfig) {
+        if (qemu_read_default_config_file() < 0) {
+            exit(1);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /* second pass of option parsing */
+    optind = 1;
+    for(;;) {
+        if (optind >= argc)
+            break;
+        if (argv[optind][0] != '-') {
+            loc_set_cmdline(argv, optind, 1);
+            drive_add(IF_DEFAULT, 0, argv[optind++], HD_OPTS);
+        } else {
+            const QEMUOption *popt;
+
+            popt = lookup_opt(argc, argv, &optarg, &optind);
+            if (!(popt->arch_mask & arch_type)) {
+                error_report("Option not supported for this target");
+                exit(1);
+            }
+            switch(popt->index) {
+            case QEMU_OPTION_cpu:
+                /* hw initialization will check this */
+                cpu_option = optarg;
+                break;
+            case QEMU_OPTION_hda:
+            case QEMU_OPTION_hdb:
+            case QEMU_OPTION_hdc:
+            case QEMU_OPTION_hdd:
+                drive_add(IF_DEFAULT, popt->index - QEMU_OPTION_hda, optarg,
+                          HD_OPTS);
+                break;
+            case QEMU_OPTION_blockdev:
+                {
+                    Visitor *v;
+                    BlockdevOptionsQueueEntry *bdo;
+
+                    v = qobject_input_visitor_new_str(optarg, "driver",
+                                                      &error_fatal);
+
+                    bdo = g_new(BlockdevOptionsQueueEntry, 1);
+                    visit_type_BlockdevOptions(v, NULL, &bdo->bdo,
+                                               &error_fatal);
+                    visit_free(v);
+                    loc_save(&bdo->loc);
+                    QSIMPLEQ_INSERT_TAIL(&bdo_queue, bdo, entry);
+                    break;
+                }
+            case QEMU_OPTION_drive:
+                if (drive_def(optarg) == NULL) {
+                    exit(1);
+                }
+                break;
+            case QEMU_OPTION_set:
+                if (qemu_set_option(optarg) != 0)
+                    exit(1);
+                break;
+            case QEMU_OPTION_global:
+                if (qemu_global_option(optarg) != 0)
+                    exit(1);
+                break;
+            case QEMU_OPTION_mtdblock:
+                drive_add(IF_MTD, -1, optarg, MTD_OPTS);
+                break;
+            case QEMU_OPTION_sd:
+                drive_add(IF_SD, -1, optarg, SD_OPTS);
+                break;
+            case QEMU_OPTION_pflash:
+                drive_add(IF_PFLASH, -1, optarg, PFLASH_OPTS);
+                break;
+            case QEMU_OPTION_snapshot:
+                {
+                    Error *blocker = NULL;
+                    snapshot = 1;
+                    error_setg(&blocker, QERR_REPLAY_NOT_SUPPORTED,
+                               "-snapshot");
+                    replay_add_blocker(blocker);
+                }
+                break;
+            case QEMU_OPTION_numa:
+                opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(qemu_find_opts("numa"),
+                                               optarg, true);
+                if (!opts) {
+                    exit(1);
+                }
+                break;
+            case QEMU_OPTION_display:
+                parse_display(optarg);
+                break;
+            case QEMU_OPTION_nographic:
+                olist = qemu_find_opts("machine");
+                qemu_opts_parse_noisily(olist, "graphics=off", false);
+                nographic = true;
+                dpy.type = DISPLAY_TYPE_NONE;
+                break;
+            case QEMU_OPTION_curses:
+#ifdef CONFIG_CURSES
+                dpy.type = DISPLAY_TYPE_CURSES;
+#else
+                error_report("curses or iconv support is disabled");
+                exit(1);
+#endif
+                break;
+            case QEMU_OPTION_portrait:
+                graphic_rotate = 90;
+                break;
+            case QEMU_OPTION_rotate:
+                graphic_rotate = strtol(optarg, (char **) &optarg, 10);
+                if (graphic_rotate != 0 && graphic_rotate != 90 &&
+                    graphic_rotate != 180 && graphic_rotate != 270) {
+                    error_report("only 90, 180, 270 deg rotation is available");
+                    exit(1);
+                }
+                break;
+            case QEMU_OPTION_kernel:
+                qemu_opts_set(qemu_find_opts("machine"), 0, "kernel", optarg,
+                              &error_abort);
+                break;
+            case QEMU_OPTION_initrd:
+                qemu_opts_set(qemu_find_opts("machine"), 0, "initrd", optarg,
+                              &error_abort);
+                break;
+            case QEMU_OPTION_append:
+                qemu_opts_set(qemu_find_opts("machine"), 0, "append", optarg,
+                              &error_abort);
+                break;
+            case QEMU_OPTION_dtb:
+                qemu_opts_set(qemu_find_opts("machine"), 0, "dtb", optarg,
+                              &error_abort);
+                break;
+            case QEMU_OPTION_cdrom:
+                drive_add(IF_DEFAULT, 2, optarg, CDROM_OPTS);
+                break;
+            case QEMU_OPTION_boot:
+                opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(qemu_find_opts("boot-opts"),
+                                               optarg, true);
+                if (!opts) {
+                    exit(1);
+                }
+                break;
+            case QEMU_OPTION_fda:
+            case QEMU_OPTION_fdb:
+                drive_add(IF_FLOPPY, popt->index - QEMU_OPTION_fda,
+                          optarg, FD_OPTS);
+                break;
+            case QEMU_OPTION_no_fd_bootchk:
+                fd_bootchk = 0;
+                break;
+            case QEMU_OPTION_netdev:
+                default_net = 0;
+                if (net_client_parse(qemu_find_opts("netdev"), optarg) == -1) {
+                    exit(1);
+                }
+                break;
+            case QEMU_OPTION_nic:
+                default_net = 0;
+                if (net_client_parse(qemu_find_opts("nic"), optarg) == -1) {
+                    exit(1);
+                }
+                break;
+            case QEMU_OPTION_net:
+                default_net = 0;
+                if (net_client_parse(qemu_find_opts("net"), optarg) == -1) {
+                    exit(1);
+                }
+                break;
+#ifdef CONFIG_LIBISCSI
+            case QEMU_OPTION_iscsi:
+                opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(qemu_find_opts("iscsi"),
+                                               optarg, false);
+                if (!opts) {
+                    exit(1);
+                }
+                break;
+#endif
+            case QEMU_OPTION_audio_help:
+                audio_legacy_help();
+                exit (0);
+                break;
+            case QEMU_OPTION_audiodev:
+                audio_parse_option(optarg);
+                break;
+            case QEMU_OPTION_soundhw:
+                select_soundhw (optarg);
+                break;
+            case QEMU_OPTION_h:
+                help(0);
+                break;
+            case QEMU_OPTION_version:
+                version();
+                exit(0);
+                break;
+            case QEMU_OPTION_m:
+                opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(qemu_find_opts("memory"),
+                                               optarg, true);
+                if (!opts) {
+                    exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+                }
+                break;
+#ifdef CONFIG_TPM
+            case QEMU_OPTION_tpmdev:
+                if (tpm_config_parse(qemu_find_opts("tpmdev"), optarg) < 0) {
+                    exit(1);
+                }
+                break;
+#endif
+            case QEMU_OPTION_mempath:
+                mem_path = optarg;
+                break;
+            case QEMU_OPTION_mem_prealloc:
+                mem_prealloc = 1;
+                break;
+            case QEMU_OPTION_d:
+                log_mask = optarg;
+                break;
+            case QEMU_OPTION_D:
+                log_file = optarg;
+                break;
+            case QEMU_OPTION_DFILTER:
+                qemu_set_dfilter_ranges(optarg, &error_fatal);
+                break;
+            case QEMU_OPTION_seed:
+                qemu_guest_random_seed_main(optarg, &error_fatal);
+                break;
+            case QEMU_OPTION_s:
+                add_device_config(DEV_GDB, "tcp::" DEFAULT_GDBSTUB_PORT);
+                break;
+            case QEMU_OPTION_gdb:
+                add_device_config(DEV_GDB, optarg);
+                break;
+            case QEMU_OPTION_L:
+                if (is_help_option(optarg)) {
+                    list_data_dirs = true;
+                } else {
+                    qemu_add_data_dir(optarg);
+                }
+                break;
+            case QEMU_OPTION_bios:
+                qemu_opts_set(qemu_find_opts("machine"), 0, "firmware", optarg,
+                              &error_abort);
+                break;
+            case QEMU_OPTION_singlestep:
+                singlestep = 1;
+                break;
+            case QEMU_OPTION_S:
+                autostart = 0;
+                break;
+            case QEMU_OPTION_k:
+                keyboard_layout = optarg;
+                break;
+            case QEMU_OPTION_vga:
+                vga_model = optarg;
+                default_vga = 0;
+                break;
+            case QEMU_OPTION_g:
+                {
+                    const char *p;
+                    int w, h, depth;
+                    p = optarg;
+                    w = strtol(p, (char **)&p, 10);
+                    if (w <= 0) {
+                    graphic_error:
+                        error_report("invalid resolution or depth");
+                        exit(1);
+                    }
+                    if (*p != 'x')
+                        goto graphic_error;
+                    p++;
+                    h = strtol(p, (char **)&p, 10);
+                    if (h <= 0)
+                        goto graphic_error;
+                    if (*p == 'x') {
+                        p++;
+                        depth = strtol(p, (char **)&p, 10);
+                        if (depth != 1 && depth != 2 && depth != 4 &&
+                            depth != 8 && depth != 15 && depth != 16 &&
+                            depth != 24 && depth != 32)
+                            goto graphic_error;
+                    } else if (*p == '\0') {
+                        depth = graphic_depth;
+                    } else {
+                        goto graphic_error;
+                    }
+
+                    graphic_width = w;
+                    graphic_height = h;
+                    graphic_depth = depth;
+                }
+                break;
+            case QEMU_OPTION_echr:
+                {
+                    char *r;
+                    term_escape_char = strtol(optarg, &r, 0);
+                    if (r == optarg)
+                        printf("Bad argument to echr\n");
+                    break;
+                }
+            case QEMU_OPTION_monitor:
+                default_monitor = 0;
+                if (strncmp(optarg, "none", 4)) {
+                    monitor_parse(optarg, "readline", false);
+                }
+                break;
+            case QEMU_OPTION_qmp:
+                monitor_parse(optarg, "control", false);
+                default_monitor = 0;
+                break;
+            case QEMU_OPTION_qmp_pretty:
+                monitor_parse(optarg, "control", true);
+                default_monitor = 0;
+                break;
+            case QEMU_OPTION_mon:
+                opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(qemu_find_opts("mon"), optarg,
+                                               true);
+                if (!opts) {
+                    exit(1);
+                }
+                default_monitor = 0;
+                break;
+            case QEMU_OPTION_chardev:
+                opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(qemu_find_opts("chardev"),
+                                               optarg, true);
+                if (!opts) {
+                    exit(1);
+                }
+                break;
+            case QEMU_OPTION_fsdev:
+                olist = qemu_find_opts("fsdev");
+                if (!olist) {
+                    error_report("fsdev support is disabled");
+                    exit(1);
+                }
+                opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(olist, optarg, true);
+                if (!opts) {
+                    exit(1);
+                }
+                break;
+            case QEMU_OPTION_virtfs: {
+                QemuOpts *fsdev;
+                QemuOpts *device;
+                const char *writeout, *sock_fd, *socket, *path, *security_model,
+                           *multidevs;
+
+                olist = qemu_find_opts("virtfs");
+                if (!olist) {
+                    error_report("virtfs support is disabled");
+                    exit(1);
+                }
+                opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(olist, optarg, true);
+                if (!opts) {
+                    exit(1);
+                }
+
+                if (qemu_opt_get(opts, "fsdriver") == NULL ||
+                    qemu_opt_get(opts, "mount_tag") == NULL) {
+                    error_report("Usage: -virtfs fsdriver,mount_tag=tag");
+                    exit(1);
+                }
+                fsdev = qemu_opts_create(qemu_find_opts("fsdev"),
+                                         qemu_opts_id(opts) ?:
+                                         qemu_opt_get(opts, "mount_tag"),
+                                         1, NULL);
+                if (!fsdev) {
+                    error_report("duplicate or invalid fsdev id: %s",
+                                 qemu_opt_get(opts, "mount_tag"));
+                    exit(1);
+                }
+
+                writeout = qemu_opt_get(opts, "writeout");
+                if (writeout) {
+#ifdef CONFIG_SYNC_FILE_RANGE
+                    qemu_opt_set(fsdev, "writeout", writeout, &error_abort);
+#else
+                    error_report("writeout=immediate not supported "
+                                 "on this platform");
+                    exit(1);
+#endif
+                }
+                qemu_opt_set(fsdev, "fsdriver",
+                             qemu_opt_get(opts, "fsdriver"), &error_abort);
+                path = qemu_opt_get(opts, "path");
+                if (path) {
+                    qemu_opt_set(fsdev, "path", path, &error_abort);
+                }
+                security_model = qemu_opt_get(opts, "security_model");
+                if (security_model) {
+                    qemu_opt_set(fsdev, "security_model", security_model,
+                                 &error_abort);
+                }
+                socket = qemu_opt_get(opts, "socket");
+                if (socket) {
+                    qemu_opt_set(fsdev, "socket", socket, &error_abort);
+                }
+                sock_fd = qemu_opt_get(opts, "sock_fd");
+                if (sock_fd) {
+                    qemu_opt_set(fsdev, "sock_fd", sock_fd, &error_abort);
+                }
+
+                qemu_opt_set_bool(fsdev, "readonly",
+                                  qemu_opt_get_bool(opts, "readonly", 0),
+                                  &error_abort);
+                multidevs = qemu_opt_get(opts, "multidevs");
+                if (multidevs) {
+                    qemu_opt_set(fsdev, "multidevs", multidevs, &error_abort);
+                }
+                device = qemu_opts_create(qemu_find_opts("device"), NULL, 0,
+                                          &error_abort);
+                qemu_opt_set(device, "driver", "virtio-9p-pci", &error_abort);
+                qemu_opt_set(device, "fsdev",
+                             qemu_opts_id(fsdev), &error_abort);
+                qemu_opt_set(device, "mount_tag",
+                             qemu_opt_get(opts, "mount_tag"), &error_abort);
+                break;
+            }
+            case QEMU_OPTION_serial:
+                add_device_config(DEV_SERIAL, optarg);
+                default_serial = 0;
+                if (strncmp(optarg, "mon:", 4) == 0) {
+                    default_monitor = 0;
+                }
+                break;
+            case QEMU_OPTION_watchdog:
+                if (watchdog) {
+                    error_report("only one watchdog option may be given");
+                    exit(1);
+                }
+                watchdog = optarg;
+                break;
+            case QEMU_OPTION_watchdog_action:
+                if (select_watchdog_action(optarg) == -1) {
+                    error_report("unknown -watchdog-action parameter");
+                    exit(1);
+                }
+                break;
+            case QEMU_OPTION_parallel:
+                add_device_config(DEV_PARALLEL, optarg);
+                default_parallel = 0;
+                if (strncmp(optarg, "mon:", 4) == 0) {
+                    default_monitor = 0;
+                }
+                break;
+            case QEMU_OPTION_debugcon:
+                add_device_config(DEV_DEBUGCON, optarg);
+                break;
+            case QEMU_OPTION_loadvm:
+                loadvm = optarg;
+                break;
+            case QEMU_OPTION_full_screen:
+                dpy.has_full_screen = true;
+                dpy.full_screen = true;
+                break;
+            case QEMU_OPTION_alt_grab:
+                alt_grab = 1;
+                break;
+            case QEMU_OPTION_ctrl_grab:
+                ctrl_grab = 1;
+                break;
+            case QEMU_OPTION_no_quit:
+                dpy.has_window_close = true;
+                dpy.window_close = false;
+                break;
+            case QEMU_OPTION_sdl:
+#ifdef CONFIG_SDL
+                dpy.type = DISPLAY_TYPE_SDL;
+                break;
+#else
+                error_report("SDL support is disabled");
+                exit(1);
+#endif
+            case QEMU_OPTION_pidfile:
+                pid_file = optarg;
+                break;
+            case QEMU_OPTION_win2k_hack:
+                win2k_install_hack = 1;
+                break;
+            case QEMU_OPTION_acpitable:
+                opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(qemu_find_opts("acpi"),
+                                               optarg, true);
+                if (!opts) {
+                    exit(1);
+                }
+                acpi_table_add(opts, &error_fatal);
+                break;
+            case QEMU_OPTION_smbios:
+                opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(qemu_find_opts("smbios"),
+                                               optarg, false);
+                if (!opts) {
+                    exit(1);
+                }
+                smbios_entry_add(opts, &error_fatal);
+                break;
+            case QEMU_OPTION_fwcfg:
+                opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(qemu_find_opts("fw_cfg"),
+                                               optarg, true);
+                if (opts == NULL) {
+                    exit(1);
+                }
+                break;
+            case QEMU_OPTION_preconfig:
+                preconfig_exit_requested = false;
+                break;
+            case QEMU_OPTION_enable_kvm:
+                olist = qemu_find_opts("machine");
+                qemu_opts_parse_noisily(olist, "accel=kvm", false);
+                break;
+            case QEMU_OPTION_M:
+            case QEMU_OPTION_machine:
+                olist = qemu_find_opts("machine");
+                opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(olist, optarg, true);
+                if (!opts) {
+                    exit(1);
+                }
+                break;
+             case QEMU_OPTION_no_kvm:
+                olist = qemu_find_opts("machine");
+                qemu_opts_parse_noisily(olist, "accel=tcg", false);
+                break;
+            case QEMU_OPTION_accel:
+                accel_opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(qemu_find_opts("accel"),
+                                                     optarg, true);
+                optarg = qemu_opt_get(accel_opts, "accel");
+                if (!optarg || is_help_option(optarg)) {
+                    printf("Accelerators supported in QEMU binary:\n");
+                    GSList *el, *accel_list = object_class_get_list(TYPE_ACCEL,
+                                                                    false);
+                    for (el = accel_list; el; el = el->next) {
+                        gchar *typename = g_strdup(object_class_get_name(
+                                                   OBJECT_CLASS(el->data)));
+                        /* omit qtest which is used for tests only */
+                        if (g_strcmp0(typename, ACCEL_CLASS_NAME("qtest")) &&
+                            g_str_has_suffix(typename, ACCEL_CLASS_SUFFIX)) {
+                            gchar **optname = g_strsplit(typename,
+                                                         ACCEL_CLASS_SUFFIX, 0);
+                            printf("%s\n", optname[0]);
+                            g_strfreev(optname);
+                        }
+                        g_free(typename);
+                    }
+                    g_slist_free(accel_list);
+                    exit(0);
+                }
+                if (optarg && strchr(optarg, ':')) {
+                    error_report("Don't use ':' with -accel, "
+                                 "use -M accel=... for now instead");
+                    exit(1);
+                }
+                break;
+            case QEMU_OPTION_usb:
+                olist = qemu_find_opts("machine");
+                qemu_opts_parse_noisily(olist, "usb=on", false);
+                break;
+            case QEMU_OPTION_usbdevice:
+                error_report("'-usbdevice' is deprecated, please use "
+                             "'-device usb-...' instead");
+                olist = qemu_find_opts("machine");
+                qemu_opts_parse_noisily(olist, "usb=on", false);
+                add_device_config(DEV_USB, optarg);
+                break;
+            case QEMU_OPTION_device:
+                if (!qemu_opts_parse_noisily(qemu_find_opts("device"),
+                                             optarg, true)) {
+                    exit(1);
+                }
+                break;
+            case QEMU_OPTION_smp:
+                if (!qemu_opts_parse_noisily(qemu_find_opts("smp-opts"),
+                                             optarg, true)) {
+                    exit(1);
+                }
+                break;
+            case QEMU_OPTION_vnc:
+                vnc_parse(optarg, &error_fatal);
+                break;
+            case QEMU_OPTION_no_acpi:
+                acpi_enabled = 0;
+                break;
+            case QEMU_OPTION_no_hpet:
+                no_hpet = 1;
+                break;
+            case QEMU_OPTION_no_reboot:
+                no_reboot = 1;
+                break;
+            case QEMU_OPTION_no_shutdown:
+                no_shutdown = 1;
+                break;
+            case QEMU_OPTION_show_cursor:
+                warn_report("The -show-cursor option is deprecated, "
+                            "use -display {sdl,gtk},show-cursor=on instead");
+                dpy.has_show_cursor = true;
+                dpy.show_cursor = true;
+                break;
+            case QEMU_OPTION_uuid:
+                if (qemu_uuid_parse(optarg, &qemu_uuid) < 0) {
+                    error_report("failed to parse UUID string: wrong format");
+                    exit(1);
+                }
+                qemu_uuid_set = true;
+                break;
+            case QEMU_OPTION_option_rom:
+                if (nb_option_roms >= MAX_OPTION_ROMS) {
+                    error_report("too many option ROMs");
+                    exit(1);
+                }
+                opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(qemu_find_opts("option-rom"),
+                                               optarg, true);
+                if (!opts) {
+                    exit(1);
+                }
+                option_rom[nb_option_roms].name = qemu_opt_get(opts, "romfile");
+                option_rom[nb_option_roms].bootindex =
+                    qemu_opt_get_number(opts, "bootindex", -1);
+                if (!option_rom[nb_option_roms].name) {
+                    error_report("Option ROM file is not specified");
+                    exit(1);
+                }
+                nb_option_roms++;
+                break;
+            case QEMU_OPTION_semihosting:
+                qemu_semihosting_enable();
+                break;
+            case QEMU_OPTION_semihosting_config:
+                if (qemu_semihosting_config_options(optarg) != 0) {
+                    exit(1);
+                }
+                break;
+            case QEMU_OPTION_name:
+                opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(qemu_find_opts("name"),
+                                               optarg, true);
+                if (!opts) {
+                    exit(1);
+                }
+                break;
+            case QEMU_OPTION_prom_env:
+                if (nb_prom_envs >= MAX_PROM_ENVS) {
+                    error_report("too many prom variables");
+                    exit(1);
+                }
+                prom_envs[nb_prom_envs] = optarg;
+                nb_prom_envs++;
+                break;
+            case QEMU_OPTION_old_param:
+                old_param = 1;
+                break;
+            case QEMU_OPTION_rtc:
+                opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(qemu_find_opts("rtc"), optarg,
+                                               false);
+                if (!opts) {
+                    exit(1);
+                }
+                break;
+            case QEMU_OPTION_tb_size:
+#ifndef CONFIG_TCG
+                error_report("TCG is disabled");
+                exit(1);
+#endif
+                warn_report("The -tb-size option is deprecated, use -accel tcg,tb-size instead");
+                object_register_sugar_prop(ACCEL_CLASS_NAME("tcg"), "tb-size", optarg);
+                break;
+            case QEMU_OPTION_icount:
+                icount_opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(qemu_find_opts("icount"),
+                                                      optarg, true);
+                if (!icount_opts) {
+                    exit(1);
+                }
+                break;
+            case QEMU_OPTION_incoming:
+                if (!incoming) {
+                    runstate_set(RUN_STATE_INMIGRATE);
+                }
+                incoming = optarg;
+                break;
+            case QEMU_OPTION_only_migratable:
+                only_migratable = 1;
+                break;
+            case QEMU_OPTION_nodefaults:
+                has_defaults = 0;
+                break;
+            case QEMU_OPTION_xen_domid:
+                if (!(xen_available())) {
+                    error_report("Option not supported for this target");
+                    exit(1);
+                }
+                xen_domid = atoi(optarg);
+                break;
+            case QEMU_OPTION_xen_attach:
+                if (!(xen_available())) {
+                    error_report("Option not supported for this target");
+                    exit(1);
+                }
+                xen_mode = XEN_ATTACH;
+                break;
+            case QEMU_OPTION_xen_domid_restrict:
+                if (!(xen_available())) {
+                    error_report("Option not supported for this target");
+                    exit(1);
+                }
+                xen_domid_restrict = true;
+                break;
+            case QEMU_OPTION_trace:
+                g_free(trace_file);
+                trace_file = trace_opt_parse(optarg);
+                break;
+            case QEMU_OPTION_plugin:
+                qemu_plugin_opt_parse(optarg, &plugin_list);
+                break;
+            case QEMU_OPTION_readconfig:
+                {
+                    int ret = qemu_read_config_file(optarg);
+                    if (ret < 0) {
+                        error_report("read config %s: %s", optarg,
+                                     strerror(-ret));
+                        exit(1);
+                    }
+                    break;
+                }
+            case QEMU_OPTION_spice:
+                olist = qemu_find_opts("spice");
+                if (!olist) {
+                    error_report("spice support is disabled");
+                    exit(1);
+                }
+                opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(olist, optarg, false);
+                if (!opts) {
+                    exit(1);
+                }
+                display_remote++;
+                break;
+            case QEMU_OPTION_writeconfig:
+                {
+                    FILE *fp;
+                    if (strcmp(optarg, "-") == 0) {
+                        fp = stdout;
+                    } else {
+                        fp = fopen(optarg, "w");
+                        if (fp == NULL) {
+                            error_report("open %s: %s", optarg,
+                                         strerror(errno));
+                            exit(1);
+                        }
+                    }
+                    qemu_config_write(fp);
+                    if (fp != stdout) {
+                        fclose(fp);
+                    }
+                    break;
+                }
+            case QEMU_OPTION_qtest:
+                qtest_chrdev = optarg;
+                break;
+            case QEMU_OPTION_qtest_log:
+                qtest_log = optarg;
+                break;
+            case QEMU_OPTION_sandbox:
+                olist = qemu_find_opts("sandbox");
+                if (!olist) {
+#ifndef CONFIG_SECCOMP
+                    error_report("-sandbox support is not enabled "
+                                 "in this QEMU binary");
+#endif
+                    exit(1);
+                }
+
+                opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(olist, optarg, true);
+                if (!opts) {
+                    exit(1);
+                }
+                break;
+            case QEMU_OPTION_add_fd:
+#ifndef _WIN32
+                opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(qemu_find_opts("add-fd"),
+                                               optarg, false);
+                if (!opts) {
+                    exit(1);
+                }
+#else
+                error_report("File descriptor passing is disabled on this "
+                             "platform");
+                exit(1);
+#endif
+                break;
+            case QEMU_OPTION_object:
+                opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(qemu_find_opts("object"),
+                                               optarg, true);
+                if (!opts) {
+                    exit(1);
+                }
+                break;
+            case QEMU_OPTION_realtime:
+                warn_report("'-realtime mlock=...' is deprecated, please use "
+                             "'-overcommit mem-lock=...' instead");
+                opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(qemu_find_opts("realtime"),
+                                               optarg, false);
+                if (!opts) {
+                    exit(1);
+                }
+                /* Don't override the -overcommit option if set */
+                enable_mlock = enable_mlock ||
+                    qemu_opt_get_bool(opts, "mlock", true);
+                break;
+            case QEMU_OPTION_overcommit:
+                opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(qemu_find_opts("overcommit"),
+                                               optarg, false);
+                if (!opts) {
+                    exit(1);
+                }
+                /* Don't override the -realtime option if set */
+                enable_mlock = enable_mlock ||
+                    qemu_opt_get_bool(opts, "mem-lock", false);
+                enable_cpu_pm = qemu_opt_get_bool(opts, "cpu-pm", false);
+                break;
+            case QEMU_OPTION_msg:
+                opts = qemu_opts_parse_noisily(qemu_find_opts("msg"), optarg,
+                                               false);
+                if (!opts) {
+                    exit(1);
+                }
+                configure_msg(opts);
+                break;
+            case QEMU_OPTION_dump_vmstate:
+                if (vmstate_dump_file) {
+                    error_report("only one '-dump-vmstate' "
+                                 "option may be given");
+                    exit(1);
+                }
+                vmstate_dump_file = fopen(optarg, "w");
+                if (vmstate_dump_file == NULL) {
+                    error_report("open %s: %s", optarg, strerror(errno));
+                    exit(1);
+                }
+                break;
+            case QEMU_OPTION_enable_sync_profile:
+                qsp_enable();
+                break;
+            case QEMU_OPTION_nouserconfig:
+                /* Nothing to be parsed here. Especially, do not error out below. */
+                break;
+            default:
+                if (os_parse_cmd_args(popt->index, optarg)) {
+                    error_report("Option not supported in this build");
+                    exit(1);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    /*
+     * Clear error location left behind by the loop.
+     * Best done right after the loop.  Do not insert code here!
+     */
+    loc_set_none();
+
+    user_register_global_props();
+
+    replay_configure(icount_opts);
+
+    if (incoming && !preconfig_exit_requested) {
+        error_report("'preconfig' and 'incoming' options are "
+                     "mutually exclusive");
+        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+    }
+
+    configure_rtc(qemu_find_opts_singleton("rtc"));
+
+    machine_class = select_machine();
+    object_set_machine_compat_props(machine_class->compat_props);
+
+    set_memory_options(&ram_slots, &maxram_size, machine_class);
+
+    os_daemonize();
+
+    /*
+     * If QTest is enabled, keep the rcu_atfork enabled, since system processes
+     * may be forked testing purposes (e.g. fork-server based fuzzing) The fork
+     * should happen before a signle cpu instruction is executed, to prevent
+     * deadlocks. See commit 73c6e40, rcu: "completely disable pthread_atfork
+     * callbacks as soon as possible"
+     */
+    if (!qtest_enabled()) {
+        rcu_disable_atfork();
+    }
+
+    if (pid_file && !qemu_write_pidfile(pid_file, &err)) {
+        error_reportf_err(err, "cannot create PID file: ");
+        exit(1);
+    }
+
+    qemu_unlink_pidfile_notifier.notify = qemu_unlink_pidfile;
+    qemu_add_exit_notifier(&qemu_unlink_pidfile_notifier);
+
+    if (qemu_init_main_loop(&main_loop_err)) {
+        error_report_err(main_loop_err);
+        exit(1);
+    }
+
+#ifdef CONFIG_SECCOMP
+    olist = qemu_find_opts_err("sandbox", NULL);
+    if (olist) {
+        qemu_opts_foreach(olist, parse_sandbox, NULL, &error_fatal);
+    }
+#endif
+
+    qemu_opts_foreach(qemu_find_opts("name"),
+                      parse_name, NULL, &error_fatal);
+
+#ifndef _WIN32
+    qemu_opts_foreach(qemu_find_opts("add-fd"),
+                      parse_add_fd, NULL, &error_fatal);
+
+    qemu_opts_foreach(qemu_find_opts("add-fd"),
+                      cleanup_add_fd, NULL, &error_fatal);
+#endif
+
+    current_machine = MACHINE(object_new_with_class(OBJECT_CLASS(machine_class)));
+    if (machine_help_func(qemu_get_machine_opts(), current_machine)) {
+        exit(0);
+    }
+    object_property_add_child(object_get_root(), "machine",
+                              OBJECT(current_machine), &error_abort);
+    object_property_add_child(container_get(OBJECT(current_machine),
+                                            "/unattached"),
+                              "sysbus", OBJECT(sysbus_get_default()),
+                              NULL);
+
+    if (machine_class->minimum_page_bits) {
+        if (!set_preferred_target_page_bits(machine_class->minimum_page_bits)) {
+            /* This would be a board error: specifying a minimum smaller than
+             * a target's compile-time fixed setting.
+             */
+            g_assert_not_reached();
+        }
+    }
+
+    cpu_exec_init_all();
+
+    if (machine_class->hw_version) {
+        qemu_set_hw_version(machine_class->hw_version);
+    }
+
+    if (cpu_option && is_help_option(cpu_option)) {
+        list_cpus(cpu_option);
+        exit(0);
+    }
+
+    if (!trace_init_backends()) {
+        exit(1);
+    }
+    trace_init_file(trace_file);
+
+    /* Open the logfile at this point and set the log mask if necessary.
+     */
+    qemu_set_log_filename(log_file, &error_fatal);
+    if (log_mask) {
+        int mask;
+        mask = qemu_str_to_log_mask(log_mask);
+        if (!mask) {
+            qemu_print_log_usage(stdout);
+            exit(1);
+        }
+        qemu_set_log(mask);
+    } else {
+        qemu_set_log(0);
+    }
+
+    /* add configured firmware directories */
+    dirs = g_strsplit(CONFIG_QEMU_FIRMWAREPATH, G_SEARCHPATH_SEPARATOR_S, 0);
+    for (i = 0; dirs[i] != NULL; i++) {
+        qemu_add_data_dir(dirs[i]);
+    }
+    g_strfreev(dirs);
+
+    /* try to find datadir relative to the executable path */
+    dir = os_find_datadir();
+    qemu_add_data_dir(dir);
+    g_free(dir);
+
+    /* add the datadir specified when building */
+    qemu_add_data_dir(CONFIG_QEMU_DATADIR);
+
+    /* -L help lists the data directories and exits. */
+    if (list_data_dirs) {
+        for (i = 0; i < data_dir_idx; i++) {
+            printf("%s\n", data_dir[i]);
+        }
+        exit(0);
+    }
+
+    /* machine_class: default to UP */
+    machine_class->max_cpus = machine_class->max_cpus ?: 1;
+    machine_class->min_cpus = machine_class->min_cpus ?: 1;
+    machine_class->default_cpus = machine_class->default_cpus ?: 1;
+
+    /* default to machine_class->default_cpus */
+    current_machine->smp.cpus = machine_class->default_cpus;
+    current_machine->smp.max_cpus = machine_class->default_cpus;
+    current_machine->smp.cores = 1;
+    current_machine->smp.threads = 1;
+
+    machine_class->smp_parse(current_machine,
+        qemu_opts_find(qemu_find_opts("smp-opts"), NULL));
+
+    /* sanity-check smp_cpus and max_cpus against machine_class */
+    if (current_machine->smp.cpus < machine_class->min_cpus) {
+        error_report("Invalid SMP CPUs %d. The min CPUs "
+                     "supported by machine '%s' is %d",
+                     current_machine->smp.cpus,
+                     machine_class->name, machine_class->min_cpus);
+        exit(1);
+    }
+    if (current_machine->smp.max_cpus > machine_class->max_cpus) {
+        error_report("Invalid SMP CPUs %d. The max CPUs "
+                     "supported by machine '%s' is %d",
+                     current_machine->smp.max_cpus,
+                     machine_class->name, machine_class->max_cpus);
+        exit(1);
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * Get the default machine options from the machine if it is not already
+     * specified either by the configuration file or by the command line.
+     */
+    if (machine_class->default_machine_opts) {
+        qemu_opts_set_defaults(qemu_find_opts("machine"),
+                               machine_class->default_machine_opts, 0);
+    }
+
+    /* process plugin before CPUs are created, but once -smp has been parsed */
+    if (qemu_plugin_load_list(&plugin_list)) {
+        exit(1);
+    }
+
+    qemu_opts_foreach(qemu_find_opts("device"),
+                      default_driver_check, NULL, NULL);
+    qemu_opts_foreach(qemu_find_opts("global"),
+                      default_driver_check, NULL, NULL);
+
+    if (!vga_model && !default_vga) {
+        vga_interface_type = VGA_DEVICE;
+    }
+    if (!has_defaults || machine_class->no_serial) {
+        default_serial = 0;
+    }
+    if (!has_defaults || machine_class->no_parallel) {
+        default_parallel = 0;
+    }
+    if (!has_defaults || machine_class->no_floppy) {
+        default_floppy = 0;
+    }
+    if (!has_defaults || machine_class->no_cdrom) {
+        default_cdrom = 0;
+    }
+    if (!has_defaults || machine_class->no_sdcard) {
+        default_sdcard = 0;
+    }
+    if (!has_defaults) {
+        default_monitor = 0;
+        default_net = 0;
+        default_vga = 0;
+    }
+
+    if (is_daemonized()) {
+        if (!preconfig_exit_requested) {
+            error_report("'preconfig' and 'daemonize' options are "
+                         "mutually exclusive");
+            exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+        }
+
+        /* According to documentation and historically, -nographic redirects
+         * serial port, parallel port and monitor to stdio, which does not work
+         * with -daemonize.  We can redirect these to null instead, but since
+         * -nographic is legacy, let's just error out.
+         * We disallow -nographic only if all other ports are not redirected
+         * explicitly, to not break existing legacy setups which uses
+         * -nographic _and_ redirects all ports explicitly - this is valid
+         * usage, -nographic is just a no-op in this case.
+         */
+        if (nographic
+            && (default_parallel || default_serial || default_monitor)) {
+            error_report("-nographic cannot be used with -daemonize");
+            exit(1);
+        }
+#ifdef CONFIG_CURSES
+        if (dpy.type == DISPLAY_TYPE_CURSES) {
+            error_report("curses display cannot be used with -daemonize");
+            exit(1);
+        }
+#endif
+    }
+
+    if (nographic) {
+        if (default_parallel)
+            add_device_config(DEV_PARALLEL, "null");
+        if (default_serial && default_monitor) {
+            add_device_config(DEV_SERIAL, "mon:stdio");
+        } else {
+            if (default_serial)
+                add_device_config(DEV_SERIAL, "stdio");
+            if (default_monitor)
+                monitor_parse("stdio", "readline", false);
+        }
+    } else {
+        if (default_serial)
+            add_device_config(DEV_SERIAL, "vc:80Cx24C");
+        if (default_parallel)
+            add_device_config(DEV_PARALLEL, "vc:80Cx24C");
+        if (default_monitor)
+            monitor_parse("vc:80Cx24C", "readline", false);
+    }
+
+#if defined(CONFIG_VNC)
+    if (!QTAILQ_EMPTY(&(qemu_find_opts("vnc")->head))) {
+        display_remote++;
+    }
+#endif
+    if (dpy.type == DISPLAY_TYPE_DEFAULT && !display_remote) {
+        if (!qemu_display_find_default(&dpy)) {
+            dpy.type = DISPLAY_TYPE_NONE;
+#if defined(CONFIG_VNC)
+            vnc_parse("localhost:0,to=99,id=default", &error_abort);
+#endif
+        }
+    }
+    if (dpy.type == DISPLAY_TYPE_DEFAULT) {
+        dpy.type = DISPLAY_TYPE_NONE;
+    }
+
+    if ((alt_grab || ctrl_grab) && dpy.type != DISPLAY_TYPE_SDL) {
+        error_report("-alt-grab and -ctrl-grab are only valid "
+                     "for SDL, ignoring option");
+    }
+    if (dpy.has_window_close &&
+        (dpy.type != DISPLAY_TYPE_GTK && dpy.type != DISPLAY_TYPE_SDL)) {
+        error_report("-no-quit is only valid for GTK and SDL, "
+                     "ignoring option");
+    }
+
+    qemu_display_early_init(&dpy);
+    qemu_console_early_init();
+
+    if (dpy.has_gl && dpy.gl != DISPLAYGL_MODE_OFF && display_opengl == 0) {
+#if defined(CONFIG_OPENGL)
+        error_report("OpenGL is not supported by the display");
+#else
+        error_report("OpenGL support is disabled");
+#endif
+        exit(1);
+    }
+
+    page_size_init();
+    socket_init();
+
+    qemu_opts_foreach(qemu_find_opts("object"),
+                      user_creatable_add_opts_foreach,
+                      object_create_initial, &error_fatal);
+
+    qemu_opts_foreach(qemu_find_opts("chardev"),
+                      chardev_init_func, NULL, &error_fatal);
+    /* now chardevs have been created we may have semihosting to connect */
+    qemu_semihosting_connect_chardevs();
+
+#ifdef CONFIG_VIRTFS
+    qemu_opts_foreach(qemu_find_opts("fsdev"),
+                      fsdev_init_func, NULL, &error_fatal);
+#endif
+
+    if (qemu_opts_foreach(qemu_find_opts("device"),
+                          device_help_func, NULL, NULL)) {
+        exit(0);
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * Note: we need to create block backends before
+     * machine_set_property(), so machine properties can refer to
+     * them.
+     */
+    configure_blockdev(&bdo_queue, machine_class, snapshot);
+
+    machine_opts = qemu_get_machine_opts();
+    qemu_opt_foreach(machine_opts, machine_set_property, current_machine,
+                     &error_fatal);
+    current_machine->ram_size = ram_size;
+    current_machine->maxram_size = maxram_size;
+    current_machine->ram_slots = ram_slots;
+
+    /*
+     * Note: uses machine properties such as kernel-irqchip, must run
+     * after machine_set_property().
+     */
+    configure_accelerators(argv[0]);
+
+    /*
+     * Beware, QOM objects created before this point miss global and
+     * compat properties.
+     *
+     * Global properties get set up by qdev_prop_register_global(),
+     * called from user_register_global_props(), and certain option
+     * desugaring.  Also in CPU feature desugaring (buried in
+     * parse_cpu_option()), which happens below this point, but may
+     * only target the CPU type, which can only be created after
+     * parse_cpu_option() returned the type.
+     *
+     * Machine compat properties: object_set_machine_compat_props().
+     * Accelerator compat props: object_set_accelerator_compat_props(),
+     * called from configure_accelerator().
+     */
+
+    if (!qtest_enabled() && machine_class->deprecation_reason) {
+        error_report("Machine type '%s' is deprecated: %s",
+                     machine_class->name, machine_class->deprecation_reason);
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * Note: creates a QOM object, must run only after global and
+     * compat properties have been set up.
+     */
+    migration_object_init();
+
+    if (qtest_chrdev) {
+        qtest_server_init(qtest_chrdev, qtest_log, &error_fatal);
+    }
+
+    machine_opts = qemu_get_machine_opts();
+    kernel_filename = qemu_opt_get(machine_opts, "kernel");
+    initrd_filename = qemu_opt_get(machine_opts, "initrd");
+    kernel_cmdline = qemu_opt_get(machine_opts, "append");
+    bios_name = qemu_opt_get(machine_opts, "firmware");
+
+    opts = qemu_opts_find(qemu_find_opts("boot-opts"), NULL);
+    if (opts) {
+        boot_order = qemu_opt_get(opts, "order");
+        if (boot_order) {
+            validate_bootdevices(boot_order, &error_fatal);
+        }
+
+        boot_once = qemu_opt_get(opts, "once");
+        if (boot_once) {
+            validate_bootdevices(boot_once, &error_fatal);
+        }
+
+        boot_menu = qemu_opt_get_bool(opts, "menu", boot_menu);
+        boot_strict = qemu_opt_get_bool(opts, "strict", false);
+    }
+
+    if (!boot_order) {
+        boot_order = machine_class->default_boot_order;
+    }
+
+    if (!kernel_cmdline) {
+        kernel_cmdline = "";
+        current_machine->kernel_cmdline = (char *)kernel_cmdline;
+    }
+
+    linux_boot = (kernel_filename != NULL);
+
+    if (!linux_boot && *kernel_cmdline != '\0') {
+        error_report("-append only allowed with -kernel option");
+        exit(1);
+    }
+
+    if (!linux_boot && initrd_filename != NULL) {
+        error_report("-initrd only allowed with -kernel option");
+        exit(1);
+    }
+
+    if (semihosting_enabled() && !semihosting_get_argc() && kernel_filename) {
+        /* fall back to the -kernel/-append */
+        semihosting_arg_fallback(kernel_filename, kernel_cmdline);
+    }
+
+    /* spice needs the timers to be initialized by this point */
+    qemu_spice_init();
+
+    cpu_ticks_init();
+
+    if (default_net) {
+        QemuOptsList *net = qemu_find_opts("net");
+        qemu_opts_set(net, NULL, "type", "nic", &error_abort);
+#ifdef CONFIG_SLIRP
+        qemu_opts_set(net, NULL, "type", "user", &error_abort);
+#endif
+    }
+
+    if (net_init_clients(&err) < 0) {
+        error_report_err(err);
+        exit(1);
+    }
+
+    qemu_opts_foreach(qemu_find_opts("object"),
+                      user_creatable_add_opts_foreach,
+                      object_create_delayed, &error_fatal);
+
+    tpm_init();
+
+    if (!xen_enabled()) {
+        /* On 32-bit hosts, QEMU is limited by virtual address space */
+        if (ram_size > (2047 << 20) && HOST_LONG_BITS == 32) {
+            error_report("at most 2047 MB RAM can be simulated");
+            exit(1);
+        }
+    }
+
+    blk_mig_init();
+    ram_mig_init();
+    dirty_bitmap_mig_init();
+
+    qemu_opts_foreach(qemu_find_opts("mon"),
+                      mon_init_func, NULL, &error_fatal);
+
+    /* connect semihosting console input if requested */
+    qemu_semihosting_console_init();
+
+    if (foreach_device_config(DEV_SERIAL, serial_parse) < 0)
+        exit(1);
+    if (foreach_device_config(DEV_PARALLEL, parallel_parse) < 0)
+        exit(1);
+    if (foreach_device_config(DEV_DEBUGCON, debugcon_parse) < 0)
+        exit(1);
+
+    /* If no default VGA is requested, the default is "none".  */
+    if (default_vga) {
+        vga_model = get_default_vga_model(machine_class);
+    }
+    if (vga_model) {
+        select_vgahw(machine_class, vga_model);
+    }
+
+    if (watchdog) {
+        i = select_watchdog(watchdog);
+        if (i > 0)
+            exit (i == 1 ? 1 : 0);
+    }
+
+    /* This checkpoint is required by replay to separate prior clock
+       reading from the other reads, because timer polling functions query
+       clock values from the log. */
+    replay_checkpoint(CHECKPOINT_INIT);
+    qdev_machine_init();
+
+    current_machine->boot_order = boot_order;
+
+    /* parse features once if machine provides default cpu_type */
+    current_machine->cpu_type = machine_class->default_cpu_type;
+    if (cpu_option) {
+        current_machine->cpu_type = parse_cpu_option(cpu_option);
+    }
+    parse_numa_opts(current_machine);
+
+    /* do monitor/qmp handling at preconfig state if requested */
+    qemu_main_loop();
+
+    audio_init_audiodevs();
+
+    /* from here on runstate is RUN_STATE_PRELAUNCH */
+    machine_run_board_init(current_machine);
+
+    realtime_init();
+
+    soundhw_init();
+
+    if (hax_enabled()) {
+        hax_sync_vcpus();
+    }
+
+    qemu_opts_foreach(qemu_find_opts("fw_cfg"),
+                      parse_fw_cfg, fw_cfg_find(), &error_fatal);
+
+    /* init USB devices */
+    if (machine_usb(current_machine)) {
+        if (foreach_device_config(DEV_USB, usb_parse) < 0)
+            exit(1);
+    }
+
+    /* init generic devices */
+    rom_set_order_override(FW_CFG_ORDER_OVERRIDE_DEVICE);
+    qemu_opts_foreach(qemu_find_opts("device"),
+                      device_init_func, NULL, &error_fatal);
+
+    cpu_synchronize_all_post_init();
+
+    rom_reset_order_override();
+
+    /* Did we create any drives that we failed to create a device for? */
+    drive_check_orphaned();
+
+    /* Don't warn about the default network setup that you get if
+     * no command line -net or -netdev options are specified. There
+     * are two cases that we would otherwise complain about:
+     * (1) board doesn't support a NIC but the implicit "-net nic"
+     * requested one
+     * (2) CONFIG_SLIRP not set, in which case the implicit "-net nic"
+     * sets up a nic that isn't connected to anything.
+     */
+    if (!default_net && (!qtest_enabled() || has_defaults)) {
+        net_check_clients();
+    }
+
+    if (boot_once) {
+        qemu_boot_set(boot_once, &error_fatal);
+        qemu_register_reset(restore_boot_order, g_strdup(boot_order));
+    }
+
+    /* init local displays */
+    ds = init_displaystate();
+    qemu_display_init(ds, &dpy);
+
+    /* must be after terminal init, SDL library changes signal handlers */
+    os_setup_signal_handling();
+
+    /* init remote displays */
+#ifdef CONFIG_VNC
+    qemu_opts_foreach(qemu_find_opts("vnc"),
+                      vnc_init_func, NULL, &error_fatal);
+#endif
+
+    if (using_spice) {
+        qemu_spice_display_init();
+    }
+
+    if (foreach_device_config(DEV_GDB, gdbserver_start) < 0) {
+        exit(1);
+    }
+
+    qdev_machine_creation_done();
+
+    /* TODO: once all bus devices are qdevified, this should be done
+     * when bus is created by qdev.c */
+    /*
+     * TODO: If we had a main 'reset container' that the whole system
+     * lived in, we could reset that using the multi-phase reset
+     * APIs. For the moment, we just reset the sysbus, which will cause
+     * all devices hanging off it (and all their child buses, recursively)
+     * to be reset. Note that this will *not* reset any Device objects
+     * which are not attached to some part of the qbus tree!
+     */
+    qemu_register_reset(resettable_cold_reset_fn, sysbus_get_default());
+    qemu_run_machine_init_done_notifiers();
+
+    if (rom_check_and_register_reset() != 0) {
+        error_report("rom check and register reset failed");
+        exit(1);
+    }
+
+    replay_start();
+
+    /* This checkpoint is required by replay to separate prior clock
+       reading from the other reads, because timer polling functions query
+       clock values from the log. */
+    replay_checkpoint(CHECKPOINT_RESET);
+    qemu_system_reset(SHUTDOWN_CAUSE_NONE);
+    register_global_state();
+    if (loadvm) {
+        Error *local_err = NULL;
+        if (load_snapshot(loadvm, &local_err) < 0) {
+            error_report_err(local_err);
+            autostart = 0;
+            exit(1);
+        }
+    }
+    if (replay_mode != REPLAY_MODE_NONE) {
+        replay_vmstate_init();
+    }
+
+    qdev_prop_check_globals();
+    if (vmstate_dump_file) {
+        /* dump and exit */
+        dump_vmstate_json_to_file(vmstate_dump_file);
+        exit(0);
+    }
+
+    if (incoming) {
+        Error *local_err = NULL;
+        qemu_start_incoming_migration(incoming, &local_err);
+        if (local_err) {
+            error_reportf_err(local_err, "-incoming %s: ", incoming);
+            exit(1);
+        }
+    } else if (autostart) {
+        vm_start();
+    }
+
+    accel_setup_post(current_machine);
+    os_setup_post();
+
+    return;
+}
+
+void qemu_cleanup(void)
+{
+    gdbserver_cleanup();
+
+    /*
+     * cleaning up the migration object cancels any existing migration
+     * try to do this early so that it also stops using devices.
+     */
+    migration_shutdown();
+
+    /*
+     * We must cancel all block jobs while the block layer is drained,
+     * or cancelling will be affected by throttling and thus may block
+     * for an extended period of time.
+     * vm_shutdown() will bdrv_drain_all(), so we may as well include
+     * it in the drained section.
+     * We do not need to end this section, because we do not want any
+     * requests happening from here on anyway.
+     */
+    bdrv_drain_all_begin();
+
+    /* No more vcpu or device emulation activity beyond this point */
+    vm_shutdown();
+    replay_finish();
+
+    job_cancel_sync_all();
+    bdrv_close_all();
+
+    res_free();
+
+    /* vhost-user must be cleaned up before chardevs.  */
+    tpm_cleanup();
+    net_cleanup();
+    audio_cleanup();
+    monitor_cleanup();
+    qemu_chr_cleanup();
+    user_creatable_cleanup();
+    /* TODO: unref root container, check all devices are ok */
+}