pci: Trivial device model conversions to realize

Convert the device models where initialization obviously can't fail.

Signed-off-by: Markus Armbruster <armbru@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Michael S. Tsirkin <mst@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Michael S. Tsirkin <mst@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Gonglei <arei.gonglei@huawei.com>

34 files changed, 87 insertions, 152 deletions

diff --git a/hw/acpi/piix4.c b/hw/acpi/piix4.c
index 184e7e4..017510b 100644
--- a/hw/acpi/piix4.c
+++ b/hw/acpi/piix4.c
@@ -420,7 +420,7 @@ static void piix4_pm_add_propeties(PIIX4PMState *s)
                                   &s->io_base, NULL);
 }
 
-static int piix4_pm_initfn(PCIDevice *dev)
+static void piix4_pm_realize(PCIDevice *dev, Error **errp)
 {
     PIIX4PMState *s = PIIX4_PM(dev);
     uint8_t *pci_conf;
@@ -470,7 +470,6 @@ static int piix4_pm_initfn(PCIDevice *dev)
     piix4_acpi_system_hot_add_init(pci_address_space_io(dev), dev->bus, s);
 
     piix4_pm_add_propeties(s);
-    return 0;
 }
 
 Object *piix4_pm_find(void)
@@ -593,7 +592,7 @@ static void piix4_pm_class_init(ObjectClass *klass, void *data)
     HotplugHandlerClass *hc = HOTPLUG_HANDLER_CLASS(klass);
     AcpiDeviceIfClass *adevc = ACPI_DEVICE_IF_CLASS(klass);
 
-    k->init = piix4_pm_initfn;
+    k->realize = piix4_pm_realize;
     k->config_write = pm_write_config;
     k->vendor_id = PCI_VENDOR_ID_INTEL;
     k->device_id = PCI_DEVICE_ID_INTEL_82371AB_3;
diff --git a/hw/audio/ac97.c b/hw/audio/ac97.c
index 111ec0e..b173835 100644
--- a/hw/audio/ac97.c
+++ b/hw/audio/ac97.c
@@ -1337,7 +1337,7 @@ static void ac97_on_reset (DeviceState *dev)
     mixer_reset (s);
 }
 
-static int ac97_initfn (PCIDevice *dev)
+static void ac97_realize(PCIDevice *dev, Error **errp)
 {
     AC97LinkState *s = DO_UPCAST (AC97LinkState, dev, dev);
     uint8_t *c = s->dev.config;
@@ -1384,7 +1384,6 @@ static int ac97_initfn (PCIDevice *dev)
     pci_register_bar (&s->dev, 1, PCI_BASE_ADDRESS_SPACE_IO, &s->io_nabm);
     AUD_register_card ("ac97", &s->card);
     ac97_on_reset (&s->dev.qdev);
-    return 0;
 }
 
 static int ac97_init (PCIBus *bus)
@@ -1403,7 +1402,7 @@ static void ac97_class_init (ObjectClass *klass, void *data)
     DeviceClass *dc = DEVICE_CLASS (klass);
     PCIDeviceClass *k = PCI_DEVICE_CLASS (klass);
 
-    k->init = ac97_initfn;
+    k->realize = ac97_realize;
     k->vendor_id = PCI_VENDOR_ID_INTEL;
     k->device_id = PCI_DEVICE_ID_INTEL_82801AA_5;
     k->revision = 0x01;
diff --git a/hw/audio/es1370.c b/hw/audio/es1370.c
index e67d1ea..8e7bcf5 100644
--- a/hw/audio/es1370.c
+++ b/hw/audio/es1370.c
@@ -1016,7 +1016,7 @@ static void es1370_on_reset (void *opaque)
     es1370_reset (s);
 }
 
-static int es1370_initfn (PCIDevice *dev)
+static void es1370_realize(PCIDevice *dev, Error **errp)
 {
     ES1370State *s = DO_UPCAST (ES1370State, dev, dev);
     uint8_t *c = s->dev.config;
@@ -1039,7 +1039,6 @@ static int es1370_initfn (PCIDevice *dev)
 
     AUD_register_card ("es1370", &s->card);
     es1370_reset (s);
-    return 0;
 }
 
 static int es1370_init (PCIBus *bus)
@@ -1053,7 +1052,7 @@ static void es1370_class_init (ObjectClass *klass, void *data)
     DeviceClass *dc = DEVICE_CLASS (klass);
     PCIDeviceClass *k = PCI_DEVICE_CLASS (klass);
 
-    k->init = es1370_initfn;
+    k->realize = es1370_realize;
     k->vendor_id = PCI_VENDOR_ID_ENSONIQ;
     k->device_id = PCI_DEVICE_ID_ENSONIQ_ES1370;
     k->class_id = PCI_CLASS_MULTIMEDIA_AUDIO;
diff --git a/hw/audio/intel-hda.c b/hw/audio/intel-hda.c
index 2885231..433463e 100644
--- a/hw/audio/intel-hda.c
+++ b/hw/audio/intel-hda.c
@@ -1126,7 +1126,7 @@ static void intel_hda_reset(DeviceState *dev)
     intel_hda_update_irq(d);
 }
 
-static int intel_hda_init(PCIDevice *pci)
+static void intel_hda_realize(PCIDevice *pci, Error **errp)
 {
     IntelHDAState *d = INTEL_HDA(pci);
     uint8_t *conf = d->pci.config;
@@ -1147,8 +1147,6 @@ static int intel_hda_init(PCIDevice *pci)
 
     hda_codec_bus_init(DEVICE(pci), &d->codecs, sizeof(d->codecs),
                        intel_hda_response, intel_hda_xfer);
-
-    return 0;
 }
 
 static void intel_hda_exit(PCIDevice *pci)
@@ -1245,7 +1243,7 @@ static void intel_hda_class_init(ObjectClass *klass, void *data)
     DeviceClass *dc = DEVICE_CLASS(klass);
     PCIDeviceClass *k = PCI_DEVICE_CLASS(klass);
 
-    k->init = intel_hda_init;
+    k->realize = intel_hda_realize;
     k->exit = intel_hda_exit;
     k->vendor_id = PCI_VENDOR_ID_INTEL;
     k->class_id = PCI_CLASS_MULTIMEDIA_HD_AUDIO;
diff --git a/hw/display/vga-pci.c b/hw/display/vga-pci.c
index 53739e4..d67f748 100644
--- a/hw/display/vga-pci.c
+++ b/hw/display/vga-pci.c
@@ -189,7 +189,7 @@ static const MemoryRegionOps pci_vga_qext_ops = {
     .endianness = DEVICE_LITTLE_ENDIAN,
 };
 
-static int pci_std_vga_initfn(PCIDevice *dev)
+static void pci_std_vga_realize(PCIDevice *dev, Error **errp)
 {
     PCIVGAState *d = DO_UPCAST(PCIVGAState, dev, dev);
     VGACommonState *s = &d->vga;
@@ -232,11 +232,9 @@ static int pci_std_vga_initfn(PCIDevice *dev)
         /* compatibility with pc-0.13 and older */
         vga_init_vbe(s, OBJECT(dev), pci_address_space(dev));
     }
-
-    return 0;
 }
 
-static int pci_secondary_vga_initfn(PCIDevice *dev)
+static void pci_secondary_vga_realize(PCIDevice *dev, Error **errp)
 {
     PCIVGAState *d = DO_UPCAST(PCIVGAState, dev, dev);
     VGACommonState *s = &d->vga;
@@ -268,7 +266,6 @@ static int pci_secondary_vga_initfn(PCIDevice *dev)
     pci_register_bar(&d->dev, 0, PCI_BASE_ADDRESS_MEM_PREFETCH, &s->vram);
     pci_register_bar(&d->dev, 2, PCI_BASE_ADDRESS_SPACE_MEMORY, &d->mmio);
 
-    return 0;
 }
 
 static void pci_secondary_vga_reset(DeviceState *dev)
@@ -298,7 +295,7 @@ static void vga_class_init(ObjectClass *klass, void *data)
     DeviceClass *dc = DEVICE_CLASS(klass);
     PCIDeviceClass *k = PCI_DEVICE_CLASS(klass);
 
-    k->init = pci_std_vga_initfn;
+    k->realize = pci_std_vga_realize;
     k->romfile = "vgabios-stdvga.bin";
     k->vendor_id = PCI_VENDOR_ID_QEMU;
     k->device_id = PCI_DEVICE_ID_QEMU_VGA;
@@ -314,7 +311,7 @@ static void secondary_class_init(ObjectClass *klass, void *data)
     DeviceClass *dc = DEVICE_CLASS(klass);
     PCIDeviceClass *k = PCI_DEVICE_CLASS(klass);
 
-    k->init = pci_secondary_vga_initfn;
+    k->realize = pci_secondary_vga_realize;
     k->vendor_id = PCI_VENDOR_ID_QEMU;
     k->device_id = PCI_DEVICE_ID_QEMU_VGA;
     k->class_id = PCI_CLASS_DISPLAY_OTHER;
diff --git a/hw/display/vmware_vga.c b/hw/display/vmware_vga.c
index 1751f19..c17ddd1 100644
--- a/hw/display/vmware_vga.c
+++ b/hw/display/vmware_vga.c
@@ -1298,7 +1298,7 @@ static const MemoryRegionOps vmsvga_io_ops = {
     },
 };
 
-static int pci_vmsvga_initfn(PCIDevice *dev)
+static void pci_vmsvga_realize(PCIDevice *dev, Error **errp)
 {
     struct pci_vmsvga_state_s *s = VMWARE_SVGA(dev);
 
@@ -1323,8 +1323,6 @@ static int pci_vmsvga_initfn(PCIDevice *dev)
         /* compatibility with pc-0.13 and older */
         vga_init_vbe(&s->chip.vga, OBJECT(dev), pci_address_space(dev));
     }
-
-    return 0;
 }
 
 static Property vga_vmware_properties[] = {
@@ -1338,7 +1336,7 @@ static void vmsvga_class_init(ObjectClass *klass, void *data)
     DeviceClass *dc = DEVICE_CLASS(klass);
     PCIDeviceClass *k = PCI_DEVICE_CLASS(klass);
 
-    k->init = pci_vmsvga_initfn;
+    k->realize = pci_vmsvga_realize;
     k->romfile = "vgabios-vmware.bin";
     k->vendor_id = PCI_VENDOR_ID_VMWARE;
     k->device_id = SVGA_PCI_DEVICE_ID;
diff --git a/hw/i2c/smbus_ich9.c b/hw/i2c/smbus_ich9.c
index 0803dc4..91d4d32 100644
--- a/hw/i2c/smbus_ich9.c
+++ b/hw/i2c/smbus_ich9.c
@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ static void ich9_smbus_write_config(PCIDevice *d, uint32_t address,
     }
 }
 
-static int ich9_smbus_initfn(PCIDevice *d)
+static void ich9_smbus_realize(PCIDevice *d, Error **errp)
 {
     ICH9SMBState *s = ICH9_SMB_DEVICE(d);
 
@@ -84,7 +84,6 @@ static int ich9_smbus_initfn(PCIDevice *d)
     pm_smbus_init(&d->qdev, &s->smb);
     pci_register_bar(d, ICH9_SMB_SMB_BASE_BAR, PCI_BASE_ADDRESS_SPACE_IO,
                      &s->smb.io);
-    return 0;
 }
 
 static void ich9_smb_class_init(ObjectClass *klass, void *data)
@@ -98,7 +97,7 @@ static void ich9_smb_class_init(ObjectClass *klass, void *data)
     k->class_id = PCI_CLASS_SERIAL_SMBUS;
     dc->vmsd = &vmstate_ich9_smbus;
     dc->desc = "ICH9 SMBUS Bridge";
-    k->init = ich9_smbus_initfn;
+    k->realize = ich9_smbus_realize;
     k->config_write = ich9_smbus_write_config;
     /*
      * Reason: part of ICH9 southbridge, needs to be wired up by
diff --git a/hw/ide/cmd646.c b/hw/ide/cmd646.c
index c8b0322..dafa9ec 100644
--- a/hw/ide/cmd646.c
+++ b/hw/ide/cmd646.c
@@ -326,7 +326,7 @@ static void cmd646_pci_config_write(PCIDevice *d, uint32_t addr, uint32_t val,
 }
 
 /* CMD646 PCI IDE controller */
-static int pci_cmd646_ide_initfn(PCIDevice *dev)
+static void pci_cmd646_ide_realize(PCIDevice *dev, Error **errp)
 {
     PCIIDEState *d = PCI_IDE(dev);
     uint8_t *pci_conf = dev->config;
@@ -374,7 +374,6 @@ static int pci_cmd646_ide_initfn(PCIDevice *dev)
 
     vmstate_register(DEVICE(dev), 0, &vmstate_ide_pci, d);
     qemu_register_reset(cmd646_reset, d);
-    return 0;
 }
 
 static void pci_cmd646_ide_exitfn(PCIDevice *dev)
@@ -410,7 +409,7 @@ static void cmd646_ide_class_init(ObjectClass *klass, void *data)
     DeviceClass *dc = DEVICE_CLASS(klass);
     PCIDeviceClass *k = PCI_DEVICE_CLASS(klass);
 
-    k->init = pci_cmd646_ide_initfn;
+    k->realize = pci_cmd646_ide_realize;
     k->exit = pci_cmd646_ide_exitfn;
     k->vendor_id = PCI_VENDOR_ID_CMD;
     k->device_id = PCI_DEVICE_ID_CMD_646;
diff --git a/hw/ide/piix.c b/hw/ide/piix.c
index b0172fb..ab93084 100644
--- a/hw/ide/piix.c
+++ b/hw/ide/piix.c
@@ -148,7 +148,7 @@ static void pci_piix_init_ports(PCIIDEState *d) {
     }
 }
 
-static int pci_piix_ide_initfn(PCIDevice *dev)
+static void pci_piix_ide_realize(PCIDevice *dev, Error **errp)
 {
     PCIIDEState *d = PCI_IDE(dev);
     uint8_t *pci_conf = dev->config;
@@ -163,8 +163,6 @@ static int pci_piix_ide_initfn(PCIDevice *dev)
     vmstate_register(DEVICE(dev), 0, &vmstate_ide_pci, d);
 
     pci_piix_init_ports(d);
-
-    return 0;
 }
 
 int pci_piix3_xen_ide_unplug(DeviceState *dev)
@@ -238,7 +236,7 @@ static void piix3_ide_class_init(ObjectClass *klass, void *data)
     DeviceClass *dc = DEVICE_CLASS(klass);
     PCIDeviceClass *k = PCI_DEVICE_CLASS(klass);
 
-    k->init = pci_piix_ide_initfn;
+    k->realize = pci_piix_ide_realize;
     k->exit = pci_piix_ide_exitfn;
     k->vendor_id = PCI_VENDOR_ID_INTEL;
     k->device_id = PCI_DEVICE_ID_INTEL_82371SB_1;
@@ -258,7 +256,7 @@ static void piix3_ide_xen_class_init(ObjectClass *klass, void *data)
     DeviceClass *dc = DEVICE_CLASS(klass);
     PCIDeviceClass *k = PCI_DEVICE_CLASS(klass);
 
-    k->init = pci_piix_ide_initfn;
+    k->realize = pci_piix_ide_realize;
     k->vendor_id = PCI_VENDOR_ID_INTEL;
     k->device_id = PCI_DEVICE_ID_INTEL_82371SB_1;
     k->class_id = PCI_CLASS_STORAGE_IDE;
@@ -276,7 +274,7 @@ static void piix4_ide_class_init(ObjectClass *klass, void *data)
     DeviceClass *dc = DEVICE_CLASS(klass);
     PCIDeviceClass *k = PCI_DEVICE_CLASS(klass);
 
-    k->init = pci_piix_ide_initfn;
+    k->realize = pci_piix_ide_realize;
     k->exit = pci_piix_ide_exitfn;
     k->vendor_id = PCI_VENDOR_ID_INTEL;
     k->device_id = PCI_DEVICE_ID_INTEL_82371AB;
diff --git a/hw/ide/via.c b/hw/ide/via.c
index 4d8089d..7a5151c 100644
--- a/hw/ide/via.c
+++ b/hw/ide/via.c
@@ -172,7 +172,7 @@ static void vt82c686b_init_ports(PCIIDEState *d) {
 }
 
 /* via ide func */
-static int vt82c686b_ide_initfn(PCIDevice *dev)
+static void vt82c686b_ide_realize(PCIDevice *dev, Error **errp)
 {
     PCIIDEState *d = PCI_IDE(dev);
     uint8_t *pci_conf = dev->config;
@@ -187,8 +187,6 @@ static int vt82c686b_ide_initfn(PCIDevice *dev)
     vmstate_register(DEVICE(dev), 0, &vmstate_ide_pci, d);
 
     vt82c686b_init_ports(d);
-
-    return 0;
 }
 
 static void vt82c686b_ide_exitfn(PCIDevice *dev)
@@ -215,7 +213,7 @@ static void via_ide_class_init(ObjectClass *klass, void *data)
     DeviceClass *dc = DEVICE_CLASS(klass);
     PCIDeviceClass *k = PCI_DEVICE_CLASS(klass);
 
-    k->init = vt82c686b_ide_initfn;
+    k->realize = vt82c686b_ide_realize;
     k->exit = vt82c686b_ide_exitfn;
     k->vendor_id = PCI_VENDOR_ID_VIA;
     k->device_id = PCI_DEVICE_ID_VIA_IDE;
diff --git a/hw/ipack/tpci200.c b/hw/ipack/tpci200.c
index b7031a0..1df02ee 100644
--- a/hw/ipack/tpci200.c
+++ b/hw/ipack/tpci200.c
@@ -573,7 +573,7 @@ static const MemoryRegionOps tpci200_las3_ops = {
     }
 };
 
-static int tpci200_initfn(PCIDevice *pci_dev)
+static void tpci200_realize(PCIDevice *pci_dev, Error **errp)
 {
     TPCI200State *s = TPCI200(pci_dev);
     uint8_t *c = s->dev.config;
@@ -609,8 +609,6 @@ static int tpci200_initfn(PCIDevice *pci_dev)
 
     ipack_bus_new_inplace(&s->bus, sizeof(s->bus), DEVICE(pci_dev), NULL,
                           N_MODULES, tpci200_set_irq);
-
-    return 0;
 }
 
 static const VMStateDescription vmstate_tpci200 = {
@@ -632,7 +630,7 @@ static void tpci200_class_init(ObjectClass *klass, void *data)
     DeviceClass *dc = DEVICE_CLASS(klass);
     PCIDeviceClass *k = PCI_DEVICE_CLASS(klass);
 
-    k->init = tpci200_initfn;
+    k->realize = tpci200_realize;
     k->vendor_id = PCI_VENDOR_ID_TEWS;
     k->device_id = PCI_DEVICE_ID_TEWS_TPCI200;
     k->class_id = PCI_CLASS_BRIDGE_OTHER;
diff --git a/hw/isa/i82378.c b/hw/isa/i82378.c
index 0dc440d..9da9dfc 100644
--- a/hw/isa/i82378.c
+++ b/hw/isa/i82378.c
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ static void i82378_request_pic_irq(void *opaque, int irq, int level)
     qemu_set_irq(s->i8259[irq], level);
 }
 
-static int i82378_initfn(PCIDevice *pci)
+static void i82378_realize(PCIDevice *pci, Error **errp)
 {
     DeviceState *dev = DEVICE(pci);
     I82378State *s = I82378(dev);
@@ -107,8 +107,6 @@ static int i82378_initfn(PCIDevice *pci)
 
     /* timer */
     isa_create_simple(isabus, "mc146818rtc");
-
-    return 0;
 }
 
 static void i82378_init(Object *obj)
@@ -125,7 +123,7 @@ static void i82378_class_init(ObjectClass *klass, void *data)
     PCIDeviceClass *k = PCI_DEVICE_CLASS(klass);
     DeviceClass *dc = DEVICE_CLASS(klass);
 
-    k->init = i82378_initfn;
+    k->realize = i82378_realize;
     k->vendor_id = PCI_VENDOR_ID_INTEL;
     k->device_id = PCI_DEVICE_ID_INTEL_82378;
     k->revision = 0x03;
diff --git a/hw/isa/piix4.c b/hw/isa/piix4.c
index a9916df..d9522b1 100644
--- a/hw/isa/piix4.c
+++ b/hw/isa/piix4.c
@@ -82,7 +82,7 @@ static const VMStateDescription vmstate_piix4 = {
     }
 };
 
-static int piix4_initfn(PCIDevice *dev)
+static void piix4_realize(PCIDevice *dev, Error **errp)
 {
     PIIX4State *d = DO_UPCAST(PIIX4State, dev, dev);
 
@@ -90,7 +90,6 @@ static int piix4_initfn(PCIDevice *dev)
                 pci_address_space_io(dev));
     piix4_dev = &d->dev;
     qemu_register_reset(piix4_reset, d);
-    return 0;
 }
 
 int piix4_init(PCIBus *bus, ISABus **isa_bus, int devfn)
@@ -107,7 +106,7 @@ static void piix4_class_init(ObjectClass *klass, void *data)
     DeviceClass *dc = DEVICE_CLASS(klass);
     PCIDeviceClass *k = PCI_DEVICE_CLASS(klass);
 
-    k->init = piix4_initfn;
+    k->realize = piix4_realize;
     k->vendor_id = PCI_VENDOR_ID_INTEL;
     k->device_id = PCI_DEVICE_ID_INTEL_82371AB_0;
     k->class_id = PCI_CLASS_BRIDGE_ISA;
diff --git a/hw/isa/vt82c686.c b/hw/isa/vt82c686.c
index b223526..b8197b1 100644
--- a/hw/isa/vt82c686.c
+++ b/hw/isa/vt82c686.c
@@ -245,7 +245,7 @@ static const VMStateDescription vmstate_acpi = {
  * just register a PCI device now, functionalities will be implemented later.
  */
 
-static int vt82c686b_ac97_initfn(PCIDevice *dev)
+static void vt82c686b_ac97_realize(PCIDevice *dev, Error **errp)
 {
     VT686AC97State *s = DO_UPCAST(VT686AC97State, dev, dev);
     uint8_t *pci_conf = s->dev.config;
@@ -255,8 +255,6 @@ static int vt82c686b_ac97_initfn(PCIDevice *dev)
     pci_set_word(pci_conf + PCI_STATUS, PCI_STATUS_CAP_LIST |
                  PCI_STATUS_DEVSEL_MEDIUM);
     pci_set_long(pci_conf + PCI_INTERRUPT_PIN, 0x03);
-
-    return 0;
 }
 
 void vt82c686b_ac97_init(PCIBus *bus, int devfn)
@@ -272,7 +270,7 @@ static void via_ac97_class_init(ObjectClass *klass, void *data)
     DeviceClass *dc = DEVICE_CLASS(klass);
     PCIDeviceClass *k = PCI_DEVICE_CLASS(klass);
 
-    k->init = vt82c686b_ac97_initfn;
+    k->realize = vt82c686b_ac97_realize;
     k->vendor_id = PCI_VENDOR_ID_VIA;
     k->device_id = PCI_DEVICE_ID_VIA_AC97;
     k->revision = 0x50;
@@ -288,7 +286,7 @@ static const TypeInfo via_ac97_info = {
     .class_init    = via_ac97_class_init,
 };
 
-static int vt82c686b_mc97_initfn(PCIDevice *dev)
+static void vt82c686b_mc97_realize(PCIDevice *dev, Error **errp)
 {
     VT686MC97State *s = DO_UPCAST(VT686MC97State, dev, dev);
     uint8_t *pci_conf = s->dev.config;
@@ -297,8 +295,6 @@ static int vt82c686b_mc97_initfn(PCIDevice *dev)
                  PCI_COMMAND_VGA_PALETTE);
     pci_set_word(pci_conf + PCI_STATUS, PCI_STATUS_DEVSEL_MEDIUM);
     pci_set_long(pci_conf + PCI_INTERRUPT_PIN, 0x03);
-
-    return 0;
 }
 
 void vt82c686b_mc97_init(PCIBus *bus, int devfn)
@@ -314,7 +310,7 @@ static void via_mc97_class_init(ObjectClass *klass, void *data)
     DeviceClass *dc = DEVICE_CLASS(klass);
     PCIDeviceClass *k = PCI_DEVICE_CLASS(klass);
 
-    k->init = vt82c686b_mc97_initfn;
+    k->realize = vt82c686b_mc97_realize;
     k->vendor_id = PCI_VENDOR_ID_VIA;
     k->device_id = PCI_DEVICE_ID_VIA_MC97;
     k->class_id = PCI_CLASS_COMMUNICATION_OTHER;
@@ -331,7 +327,7 @@ static const TypeInfo via_mc97_info = {
 };
 
 /* vt82c686 pm init */
-static int vt82c686b_pm_initfn(PCIDevice *dev)
+static void vt82c686b_pm_realize(PCIDevice *dev, Error **errp)
 {
     VT686PMState *s = DO_UPCAST(VT686PMState, dev, dev);
     uint8_t *pci_conf;
@@ -361,8 +357,6 @@ static int vt82c686b_pm_initfn(PCIDevice *dev)
     acpi_pm_tmr_init(&s->ar, pm_tmr_timer, &s->io);
     acpi_pm1_evt_init(&s->ar, pm_tmr_timer, &s->io);
     acpi_pm1_cnt_init(&s->ar, &s->io, 2);
-
-    return 0;
 }
 
 I2CBus *vt82c686b_pm_init(PCIBus *bus, int devfn, uint32_t smb_io_base,
@@ -391,7 +385,7 @@ static void via_pm_class_init(ObjectClass *klass, void *data)
     DeviceClass *dc = DEVICE_CLASS(klass);
     PCIDeviceClass *k = PCI_DEVICE_CLASS(klass);
 
-    k->init = vt82c686b_pm_initfn;
+    k->realize = vt82c686b_pm_realize;
     k->config_write = pm_write_config;
     k->vendor_id = PCI_VENDOR_ID_VIA;
     k->device_id = PCI_DEVICE_ID_VIA_ACPI;
@@ -421,7 +415,7 @@ static const VMStateDescription vmstate_via = {
 };
 
 /* init the PCI-to-ISA bridge */
-static int vt82c686b_initfn(PCIDevice *d)
+static void vt82c686b_realize(PCIDevice *d, Error **errp)
 {
     VT82C686BState *vt82c = DO_UPCAST(VT82C686BState, dev, d);
     uint8_t *pci_conf;
@@ -451,8 +445,6 @@ static int vt82c686b_initfn(PCIDevice *d)
                                 &vt82c->superio);
 
     qemu_register_reset(vt82c686b_reset, d);
-
-    return 0;
 }
 
 ISABus *vt82c686b_init(PCIBus *bus, int devfn)
@@ -469,7 +461,7 @@ static void via_class_init(ObjectClass *klass, void *data)
     DeviceClass *dc = DEVICE_CLASS(klass);
     PCIDeviceClass *k = PCI_DEVICE_CLASS(klass);
 
-    k->init = vt82c686b_initfn;
+    k->realize = vt82c686b_realize;
     k->config_write = vt82c686b_write_config;
     k->vendor_id = PCI_VENDOR_ID_VIA;
     k->device_id = PCI_DEVICE_ID_VIA_ISA_BRIDGE;
diff --git a/hw/misc/pci-testdev.c b/hw/misc/pci-testdev.c
index c78a63e..26b9b86 100644
--- a/hw/misc/pci-testdev.c
+++ b/hw/misc/pci-testdev.c
@@ -233,7 +233,7 @@ static const MemoryRegionOps pci_testdev_pio_ops = {
     },
 };
 
-static int pci_testdev_init(PCIDevice *pci_dev)
+static void pci_testdev_realize(PCIDevice *pci_dev, Error **errp)
 {
     PCITestDevState *d = PCI_TEST_DEV(pci_dev);
     uint8_t *pci_conf;
@@ -275,8 +275,6 @@ static int pci_testdev_init(PCIDevice *pci_dev)
         assert(r >= 0);
         test->hasnotifier = true;
     }
-
-    return 0;
 }
 
 static void
@@ -306,7 +304,7 @@ static void pci_testdev_class_init(ObjectClass *klass, void *data)
     DeviceClass *dc = DEVICE_CLASS(klass);
     PCIDeviceClass *k = PCI_DEVICE_CLASS(klass);
 
-    k->init = pci_testdev_init;
+    k->realize = pci_testdev_realize;
     k->exit = pci_testdev_uninit;
     k->vendor_id = PCI_VENDOR_ID_REDHAT;
     k->device_id = PCI_DEVICE_ID_REDHAT_TEST;
diff --git a/hw/net/e1000.c b/hw/net/e1000.c
index a207e21..3405cb9 100644
--- a/hw/net/e1000.c
+++ b/hw/net/e1000.c
@@ -1537,7 +1537,7 @@ static void e1000_write_config(PCIDevice *pci_dev, uint32_t address,
 }
 
 
-static int pci_e1000_init(PCIDevice *pci_dev)
+static void pci_e1000_realize(PCIDevice *pci_dev, Error **errp)
 {
     DeviceState *dev = DEVICE(pci_dev);
     E1000State *d = E1000(pci_dev);
@@ -1581,8 +1581,6 @@ static int pci_e1000_init(PCIDevice *pci_dev)
 
     d->autoneg_timer = timer_new_ms(QEMU_CLOCK_VIRTUAL, e1000_autoneg_timer, d);
     d->mit_timer = timer_new_ns(QEMU_CLOCK_VIRTUAL, e1000_mit_timer, d);
-
-    return 0;
 }
 
 static void qdev_e1000_reset(DeviceState *dev)
@@ -1614,7 +1612,7 @@ static void e1000_class_init(ObjectClass *klass, void *data)
     E1000BaseClass *e = E1000_DEVICE_CLASS(klass);
     const E1000Info *info = data;
 
-    k->init = pci_e1000_init;
+    k->realize = pci_e1000_realize;
     k->exit = pci_e1000_uninit;
     k->romfile = "efi-e1000.rom";
     k->vendor_id = PCI_VENDOR_ID_INTEL;
diff --git a/hw/net/eepro100.c b/hw/net/eepro100.c
index 7a4f9f8..c374c1a 100644
--- a/hw/net/eepro100.c
+++ b/hw/net/eepro100.c
@@ -1848,7 +1848,7 @@ static NetClientInfo net_eepro100_info = {
     .receive = nic_receive,
 };
 
-static int e100_nic_init(PCIDevice *pci_dev)
+static void e100_nic_realize(PCIDevice *pci_dev, Error **errp)
 {
     EEPRO100State *s = DO_UPCAST(EEPRO100State, dev, pci_dev);
     E100PCIDeviceInfo *info = eepro100_get_class(s);
@@ -1892,8 +1892,6 @@ static int e100_nic_init(PCIDevice *pci_dev)
     memcpy(s->vmstate, &vmstate_eepro100, sizeof(vmstate_eepro100));
     s->vmstate->name = qemu_get_queue(s->nic)->model;
     vmstate_register(&pci_dev->qdev, -1, s->vmstate, s);
-
-    return 0;
 }
 
 static void eepro100_instance_init(Object *obj)
@@ -2083,7 +2081,7 @@ static void eepro100_class_init(ObjectClass *klass, void *data)
     k->vendor_id = PCI_VENDOR_ID_INTEL;
     k->class_id = PCI_CLASS_NETWORK_ETHERNET;
     k->romfile = "pxe-eepro100.rom";
-    k->init = e100_nic_init;
+    k->realize = e100_nic_realize;
     k->exit = pci_nic_uninit;
     k->device_id = info->device_id;
     k->revision = info->revision;
diff --git a/hw/net/ne2000.c b/hw/net/ne2000.c
index 4dea701..3492db3 100644
--- a/hw/net/ne2000.c
+++ b/hw/net/ne2000.c
@@ -709,7 +709,7 @@ static NetClientInfo net_ne2000_info = {
     .receive = ne2000_receive,
 };
 
-static int pci_ne2000_init(PCIDevice *pci_dev)
+static void pci_ne2000_realize(PCIDevice *pci_dev, Error **errp)
 {
     PCINE2000State *d = DO_UPCAST(PCINE2000State, dev, pci_dev);
     NE2000State *s;
@@ -729,8 +729,6 @@ static int pci_ne2000_init(PCIDevice *pci_dev)
     s->nic = qemu_new_nic(&net_ne2000_info, &s->c,
                           object_get_typename(OBJECT(pci_dev)), pci_dev->qdev.id, s);
     qemu_format_nic_info_str(qemu_get_queue(s->nic), s->c.macaddr.a);
-
-    return 0;
 }
 
 static void pci_ne2000_exit(PCIDevice *pci_dev)
@@ -763,7 +761,7 @@ static void ne2000_class_init(ObjectClass *klass, void *data)
     DeviceClass *dc = DEVICE_CLASS(klass);
     PCIDeviceClass *k = PCI_DEVICE_CLASS(klass);
 
-    k->init = pci_ne2000_init;
+    k->realize = pci_ne2000_realize;
     k->exit = pci_ne2000_exit;
     k->romfile = "efi-ne2k_pci.rom",
     k->vendor_id = PCI_VENDOR_ID_REALTEK;
diff --git a/hw/net/rtl8139.c b/hw/net/rtl8139.c
index 2d1be06..f868108 100644
--- a/hw/net/rtl8139.c
+++ b/hw/net/rtl8139.c
@@ -3455,7 +3455,7 @@ static NetClientInfo net_rtl8139_info = {
     .link_status_changed = rtl8139_set_link_status,
 };
 
-static int pci_rtl8139_init(PCIDevice *dev)
+static void pci_rtl8139_realize(PCIDevice *dev, Error **errp)
 {
     RTL8139State *s = RTL8139(dev);
     DeviceState *d = DEVICE(dev);
@@ -3496,8 +3496,6 @@ static int pci_rtl8139_init(PCIDevice *dev)
     s->cplus_txbuffer_offset = 0;
 
     s->timer = timer_new_ns(QEMU_CLOCK_VIRTUAL, rtl8139_timer, s);
-
-    return 0;
 }
 
 static void rtl8139_instance_init(Object *obj)
@@ -3519,7 +3517,7 @@ static void rtl8139_class_init(ObjectClass *klass, void *data)
     DeviceClass *dc = DEVICE_CLASS(klass);
     PCIDeviceClass *k = PCI_DEVICE_CLASS(klass);
 
-    k->init = pci_rtl8139_init;
+    k->realize = pci_rtl8139_realize;
     k->exit = pci_rtl8139_uninit;
     k->romfile = "efi-rtl8139.rom";
     k->vendor_id = PCI_VENDOR_ID_REALTEK;
diff --git a/hw/net/vmxnet3.c b/hw/net/vmxnet3.c
index a83d2a1..dfb328d 100644
--- a/hw/net/vmxnet3.c
+++ b/hw/net/vmxnet3.c
@@ -2125,7 +2125,7 @@ static const MemoryRegionOps b1_ops = {
     },
 };
 
-static int vmxnet3_pci_init(PCIDevice *pci_dev)
+static void vmxnet3_pci_realize(PCIDevice *pci_dev, Error **errp)
 {
     DeviceState *dev = DEVICE(pci_dev);
     VMXNET3State *s = VMXNET3(pci_dev);
@@ -2164,8 +2164,6 @@ static int vmxnet3_pci_init(PCIDevice *pci_dev)
 
     register_savevm(dev, "vmxnet3-msix", -1, 1,
                     vmxnet3_msix_save, vmxnet3_msix_load, s);
-
-    return 0;
 }
 
 static void vmxnet3_instance_init(Object *obj)
@@ -2501,7 +2499,7 @@ static void vmxnet3_class_init(ObjectClass *class, void *data)
     DeviceClass *dc = DEVICE_CLASS(class);
     PCIDeviceClass *c = PCI_DEVICE_CLASS(class);
 
-    c->init = vmxnet3_pci_init;
+    c->realize = vmxnet3_pci_realize;
     c->exit = vmxnet3_pci_uninit;
     c->vendor_id = PCI_VENDOR_ID_VMWARE;
     c->device_id = PCI_DEVICE_ID_VMWARE_VMXNET3;
diff --git a/hw/pci-bridge/dec.c b/hw/pci-bridge/dec.c
index a6ca940..28d0ff9 100644
--- a/hw/pci-bridge/dec.c
+++ b/hw/pci-bridge/dec.c
@@ -107,10 +107,9 @@ static int pci_dec_21154_device_init(SysBusDevice *dev)
     return 0;
 }
 
-static int dec_21154_pci_host_init(PCIDevice *d)
+static void dec_21154_pci_host_realize(PCIDevice *d, Error **errp)
 {
     /* PCI2PCI bridge same values as PearPC - check this */
-    return 0;
 }
 
 static void dec_21154_pci_host_class_init(ObjectClass *klass, void *data)
@@ -118,7 +117,7 @@ static void dec_21154_pci_host_class_init(ObjectClass *klass, void *data)
     PCIDeviceClass *k = PCI_DEVICE_CLASS(klass);
     DeviceClass *dc = DEVICE_CLASS(klass);
 
-    k->init = dec_21154_pci_host_init;
+    k->realize = dec_21154_pci_host_realize;
     k->vendor_id = PCI_VENDOR_ID_DEC;
     k->device_id = PCI_DEVICE_ID_DEC_21154;
     k->revision = 0x02;
diff --git a/hw/pci-host/apb.c b/hw/pci-host/apb.c
index 832b6c7..312fa70 100644
--- a/hw/pci-host/apb.c
+++ b/hw/pci-host/apb.c
@@ -792,14 +792,13 @@ static int pci_pbm_init_device(SysBusDevice *dev)
     return 0;
 }
 
-static int pbm_pci_host_init(PCIDevice *d)
+static void pbm_pci_host_realize(PCIDevice *d, Error **errp)
 {
     pci_set_word(d->config + PCI_COMMAND,
                  PCI_COMMAND_MEMORY | PCI_COMMAND_MASTER);
     pci_set_word(d->config + PCI_STATUS,
                  PCI_STATUS_FAST_BACK | PCI_STATUS_66MHZ |
                  PCI_STATUS_DEVSEL_MEDIUM);
-    return 0;
 }
 
 static void pbm_pci_host_class_init(ObjectClass *klass, void *data)
@@ -807,7 +806,7 @@ static void pbm_pci_host_class_init(ObjectClass *klass, void *data)
     PCIDeviceClass *k = PCI_DEVICE_CLASS(klass);
     DeviceClass *dc = DEVICE_CLASS(klass);
 
-    k->init = pbm_pci_host_init;
+    k->realize = pbm_pci_host_realize;
     k->vendor_id = PCI_VENDOR_ID_SUN;
     k->device_id = PCI_DEVICE_ID_SUN_SABRE;
     k->class_id = PCI_CLASS_BRIDGE_HOST;
diff --git a/hw/pci-host/bonito.c b/hw/pci-host/bonito.c
index 56292ad..8bdd569 100644
--- a/hw/pci-host/bonito.c
+++ b/hw/pci-host/bonito.c
@@ -705,7 +705,7 @@ static int bonito_pcihost_initfn(SysBusDevice *dev)
     return 0;
 }
 
-static int bonito_initfn(PCIDevice *dev)
+static void bonito_realize(PCIDevice *dev, Error **errp)
 {
     PCIBonitoState *s = DO_UPCAST(PCIBonitoState, dev, dev);
     SysBusDevice *sysbus = SYS_BUS_DEVICE(s->pcihost);
@@ -766,8 +766,6 @@ static int bonito_initfn(PCIDevice *dev)
     pci_set_byte(dev->config + PCI_MAX_LAT, 0x00);
 
     qemu_register_reset(bonito_reset, s);
-
-    return 0;
 }
 
 PCIBus *bonito_init(qemu_irq *pic)
@@ -799,7 +797,7 @@ static void bonito_class_init(ObjectClass *klass, void *data)
     DeviceClass *dc = DEVICE_CLASS(klass);
     PCIDeviceClass *k = PCI_DEVICE_CLASS(klass);
 
-    k->init = bonito_initfn;
+    k->realize = bonito_realize;
     k->vendor_id = 0xdf53;
     k->device_id = 0x00d5;
     k->revision = 0x01;
diff --git a/hw/pci-host/grackle.c b/hw/pci-host/grackle.c
index 6c7cfdb..bfe707a 100644
--- a/hw/pci-host/grackle.c
+++ b/hw/pci-host/grackle.c
@@ -114,10 +114,9 @@ static int pci_grackle_init_device(SysBusDevice *dev)
     return 0;
 }
 
-static int grackle_pci_host_init(PCIDevice *d)
+static void grackle_pci_host_realize(PCIDevice *d, Error **errp)
 {
     d->config[0x09] = 0x01;
-    return 0;
 }
 
 static void grackle_pci_class_init(ObjectClass *klass, void *data)
@@ -125,7 +124,7 @@ static void grackle_pci_class_init(ObjectClass *klass, void *data)
     PCIDeviceClass *k = PCI_DEVICE_CLASS(klass);
     DeviceClass *dc = DEVICE_CLASS(klass);
 
-    k->init      = grackle_pci_host_init;
+    k->realize   = grackle_pci_host_realize;
     k->vendor_id = PCI_VENDOR_ID_MOTOROLA;
     k->device_id = PCI_DEVICE_ID_MOTOROLA_MPC106;
     k->revision  = 0x00;
diff --git a/hw/pci-host/piix.c b/hw/pci-host/piix.c
index 8ea718e..723836f 100644
--- a/hw/pci-host/piix.c
+++ b/hw/pci-host/piix.c
@@ -295,14 +295,13 @@ static void i440fx_pcihost_realize(DeviceState *dev, Error **errp)
     sysbus_init_ioports(sbd, 0xcfc, 4);
 }
 
-static int i440fx_initfn(PCIDevice *dev)
+static void i440fx_realize(PCIDevice *dev, Error **errp)
 {
     PCII440FXState *d = I440FX_PCI_DEVICE(dev);
 
     dev->config[I440FX_SMRAM] = 0x02;
 
     cpu_smm_register(&i440fx_set_smm, d);
-    return 0;
 }
 
 PCIBus *i440fx_init(PCII440FXState **pi440fx_state,
@@ -631,7 +630,7 @@ static const MemoryRegionOps rcr_ops = {
     .endianness = DEVICE_LITTLE_ENDIAN
 };
 
-static int piix3_initfn(PCIDevice *dev)
+static void piix3_realize(PCIDevice *dev, Error **errp)
 {
     PIIX3State *d = DO_UPCAST(PIIX3State, dev, dev);
 
@@ -644,7 +643,6 @@ static int piix3_initfn(PCIDevice *dev)
                                         &d->rcr_mem, 1);
 
     qemu_register_reset(piix3_reset, d);
-    return 0;
 }
 
 static void piix3_class_init(ObjectClass *klass, void *data)
@@ -655,7 +653,7 @@ static void piix3_class_init(ObjectClass *klass, void *data)
     dc->desc        = "ISA bridge";
     dc->vmsd        = &vmstate_piix3;
     dc->hotpluggable   = false;
-    k->init         = piix3_initfn;
+    k->realize      = piix3_realize;
     k->config_write = piix3_write_config;
     k->vendor_id    = PCI_VENDOR_ID_INTEL;
     /* 82371SB PIIX3 PCI-to-ISA bridge (Step A1) */
@@ -683,7 +681,7 @@ static void piix3_xen_class_init(ObjectClass *klass, void *data)
     dc->desc        = "ISA bridge";
     dc->vmsd        = &vmstate_piix3;
     dc->hotpluggable   = false;
-    k->init         = piix3_initfn;
+    k->realize      = piix3_realize;
     k->config_write = piix3_write_config_xen;
     k->vendor_id    = PCI_VENDOR_ID_INTEL;
     /* 82371SB PIIX3 PCI-to-ISA bridge (Step A1) */
@@ -708,7 +706,7 @@ static void i440fx_class_init(ObjectClass *klass, void *data)
     DeviceClass *dc = DEVICE_CLASS(klass);
     PCIDeviceClass *k = PCI_DEVICE_CLASS(klass);
 
-    k->init = i440fx_initfn;
+    k->realize = i440fx_realize;
     k->config_write = i440fx_write_config;
     k->vendor_id = PCI_VENDOR_ID_INTEL;
     k->device_id = PCI_DEVICE_ID_INTEL_82441;
diff --git a/hw/pci-host/ppce500.c b/hw/pci-host/ppce500.c
index 574f8b2..613ba73 100644
--- a/hw/pci-host/ppce500.c
+++ b/hw/pci-host/ppce500.c
@@ -416,7 +416,7 @@ static const VMStateDescription vmstate_ppce500_pci = {
 
 #include "exec/address-spaces.h"
 
-static int e500_pcihost_bridge_initfn(PCIDevice *d)
+static void e500_pcihost_bridge_realize(PCIDevice *d, Error **errp)
 {
     PPCE500PCIBridgeState *b = PPC_E500_PCI_BRIDGE(d);
     PPCE500CCSRState *ccsr = CCSR(container_get(qdev_get_machine(),
@@ -430,8 +430,6 @@ static int e500_pcihost_bridge_initfn(PCIDevice *d)
     memory_region_init_alias(&b->bar0, OBJECT(ccsr), "e500-pci-bar0", &ccsr->ccsr_space,
                              0, int128_get64(ccsr->ccsr_space.size));
     pci_register_bar(d, 0, PCI_BASE_ADDRESS_SPACE_MEMORY, &b->bar0);
-
-    return 0;
 }
 
 static AddressSpace *e500_pcihost_set_iommu(PCIBus *bus, void *opaque,
@@ -500,7 +498,7 @@ static void e500_host_bridge_class_init(ObjectClass *klass, void *data)
     DeviceClass *dc = DEVICE_CLASS(klass);
     PCIDeviceClass *k = PCI_DEVICE_CLASS(klass);
 
-    k->init = e500_pcihost_bridge_initfn;
+    k->realize = e500_pcihost_bridge_realize;
     k->vendor_id = PCI_VENDOR_ID_FREESCALE;
     k->device_id = PCI_DEVICE_ID_MPC8533E;
     k->class_id = PCI_CLASS_PROCESSOR_POWERPC;
diff --git a/hw/pci-host/prep.c b/hw/pci-host/prep.c
index 1de3681..6cea6ff 100644
--- a/hw/pci-host/prep.c
+++ b/hw/pci-host/prep.c
@@ -289,7 +289,7 @@ static void raven_pcihost_initfn(Object *obj)
     qdev_prop_set_bit(pci_dev, "multifunction", false);
 }
 
-static int raven_init(PCIDevice *d)
+static void raven_realize(PCIDevice *d, Error **errp)
 {
     RavenPCIState *s = RAVEN_PCI_DEVICE(d);
     char *filename;
@@ -330,8 +330,6 @@ static int raven_init(PCIDevice *d)
             g_free(filename);
         }
     }
-
-    return 0;
 }
 
 static const VMStateDescription vmstate_raven = {
@@ -349,7 +347,7 @@ static void raven_class_init(ObjectClass *klass, void *data)
     PCIDeviceClass *k = PCI_DEVICE_CLASS(klass);
     DeviceClass *dc = DEVICE_CLASS(klass);
 
-    k->init = raven_init;
+    k->realize = raven_realize;
     k->vendor_id = PCI_VENDOR_ID_MOTOROLA;
     k->device_id = PCI_DEVICE_ID_MOTOROLA_RAVEN;
     k->revision = 0x00;
diff --git a/hw/pci-host/q35.c b/hw/pci-host/q35.c
index b20bad8..df60e61 100644
--- a/hw/pci-host/q35.c
+++ b/hw/pci-host/q35.c
@@ -390,7 +390,7 @@ static void mch_init_dmar(MCHPCIState *mch)
     pci_setup_iommu(pci_bus, q35_host_dma_iommu, mch->iommu);
 }
 
-static int mch_init(PCIDevice *d)
+static void mch_realize(PCIDevice *d, Error **errp)
 {
     int i;
     MCHPCIState *mch = MCH_PCI_DEVICE(d);
@@ -418,7 +418,6 @@ static int mch_init(PCIDevice *d)
     if (qemu_opt_get_bool(qemu_get_machine_opts(), "iommu", false)) {
         mch_init_dmar(mch);
     }
-    return 0;
 }
 
 uint64_t mch_mcfg_base(void)
@@ -436,7 +435,7 @@ static void mch_class_init(ObjectClass *klass, void *data)
     PCIDeviceClass *k = PCI_DEVICE_CLASS(klass);
     DeviceClass *dc = DEVICE_CLASS(klass);
 
-    k->init = mch_init;
+    k->realize = mch_realize;
     k->config_write = mch_write_config;
     dc->reset = mch_reset;
     set_bit(DEVICE_CATEGORY_BRIDGE, dc->categories);
diff --git a/hw/pci-host/uninorth.c b/hw/pci-host/uninorth.c
index 21f805f..53f2b59 100644
--- a/hw/pci-host/uninorth.c
+++ b/hw/pci-host/uninorth.c
@@ -315,37 +315,33 @@ PCIBus *pci_pmac_u3_init(qemu_irq *pic,
     return h->bus;
 }
 
-static int unin_main_pci_host_init(PCIDevice *d)
+static void unin_main_pci_host_realize(PCIDevice *d, Error **errp)
 {
     d->config[0x0C] = 0x08; // cache_line_size
     d->config[0x0D] = 0x10; // latency_timer
     d->config[0x34] = 0x00; // capabilities_pointer
-    return 0;
 }
 
-static int unin_agp_pci_host_init(PCIDevice *d)
+static void unin_agp_pci_host_realize(PCIDevice *d, Error **errp)
 {
     d->config[0x0C] = 0x08; // cache_line_size
     d->config[0x0D] = 0x10; // latency_timer
     //    d->config[0x34] = 0x80; // capabilities_pointer
-    return 0;
 }
 
-static int u3_agp_pci_host_init(PCIDevice *d)
+static void u3_agp_pci_host_realize(PCIDevice *d, Error **errp)
 {
     /* cache line size */
     d->config[0x0C] = 0x08;
     /* latency timer */
     d->config[0x0D] = 0x10;
-    return 0;
 }
 
-static int unin_internal_pci_host_init(PCIDevice *d)
+static void unin_internal_pci_host_realize(PCIDevice *d, Error **errp)
 {
     d->config[0x0C] = 0x08; // cache_line_size
     d->config[0x0D] = 0x10; // latency_timer
     d->config[0x34] = 0x00; // capabilities_pointer
-    return 0;
 }
 
 static void unin_main_pci_host_class_init(ObjectClass *klass, void *data)
@@ -353,7 +349,7 @@ static void unin_main_pci_host_class_init(ObjectClass *klass, void *data)
     PCIDeviceClass *k = PCI_DEVICE_CLASS(klass);
     DeviceClass *dc = DEVICE_CLASS(klass);
 
-    k->init      = unin_main_pci_host_init;
+    k->realize   = unin_main_pci_host_realize;
     k->vendor_id = PCI_VENDOR_ID_APPLE;
     k->device_id = PCI_DEVICE_ID_APPLE_UNI_N_PCI;
     k->revision  = 0x00;
@@ -377,7 +373,7 @@ static void u3_agp_pci_host_class_init(ObjectClass *klass, void *data)
     PCIDeviceClass *k = PCI_DEVICE_CLASS(klass);
     DeviceClass *dc = DEVICE_CLASS(klass);
 
-    k->init      = u3_agp_pci_host_init;
+    k->realize   = u3_agp_pci_host_realize;
     k->vendor_id = PCI_VENDOR_ID_APPLE;
     k->device_id = PCI_DEVICE_ID_APPLE_U3_AGP;
     k->revision  = 0x00;
@@ -401,7 +397,7 @@ static void unin_agp_pci_host_class_init(ObjectClass *klass, void *data)
     PCIDeviceClass *k = PCI_DEVICE_CLASS(klass);
     DeviceClass *dc = DEVICE_CLASS(klass);
 
-    k->init      = unin_agp_pci_host_init;
+    k->realize   = unin_agp_pci_host_realize;
     k->vendor_id = PCI_VENDOR_ID_APPLE;
     k->device_id = PCI_DEVICE_ID_APPLE_UNI_N_AGP;
     k->revision  = 0x00;
@@ -425,7 +421,7 @@ static void unin_internal_pci_host_class_init(ObjectClass *klass, void *data)
     PCIDeviceClass *k = PCI_DEVICE_CLASS(klass);
     DeviceClass *dc = DEVICE_CLASS(klass);
 
-    k->init      = unin_internal_pci_host_init;
+    k->realize   = unin_internal_pci_host_realize;
     k->vendor_id = PCI_VENDOR_ID_APPLE;
     k->device_id = PCI_DEVICE_ID_APPLE_UNI_N_I_PCI;
     k->revision  = 0x00;
diff --git a/hw/pci-host/versatile.c b/hw/pci-host/versatile.c
index 71ff0de..6d23553 100644
--- a/hw/pci-host/versatile.c
+++ b/hw/pci-host/versatile.c
@@ -456,12 +456,11 @@ static void pci_vpb_realize(DeviceState *dev, Error **errp)
     object_property_set_bool(OBJECT(&s->pci_dev), true, "realized", errp);
 }
 
-static int versatile_pci_host_init(PCIDevice *d)
+static void versatile_pci_host_realize(PCIDevice *d, Error **errp)
 {
     pci_set_word(d->config + PCI_STATUS,
                  PCI_STATUS_66MHZ | PCI_STATUS_DEVSEL_MEDIUM);
     pci_set_byte(d->config + PCI_LATENCY_TIMER, 0x10);
-    return 0;
 }
 
 static void versatile_pci_host_class_init(ObjectClass *klass, void *data)
@@ -469,7 +468,7 @@ static void versatile_pci_host_class_init(ObjectClass *klass, void *data)
     PCIDeviceClass *k = PCI_DEVICE_CLASS(klass);
     DeviceClass *dc = DEVICE_CLASS(klass);
 
-    k->init = versatile_pci_host_init;
+    k->realize = versatile_pci_host_realize;
     k->vendor_id = PCI_VENDOR_ID_XILINX;
     k->device_id = PCI_DEVICE_ID_XILINX_XC2VP30;
     k->class_id = PCI_CLASS_PROCESSOR_CO;
diff --git a/hw/sd/sdhci.c b/hw/sd/sdhci.c
index 10e5355..27b914a 100644
--- a/hw/sd/sdhci.c
+++ b/hw/sd/sdhci.c
@@ -1220,7 +1220,7 @@ static Property sdhci_properties[] = {
     DEFINE_PROP_END_OF_LIST(),
 };
 
-static int sdhci_pci_init(PCIDevice *dev)
+static void sdhci_pci_realize(PCIDevice *dev, Error **errp)
 {
     SDHCIState *s = PCI_SDHCI(dev);
     dev->config[PCI_CLASS_PROG] = 0x01; /* Standard Host supported DMA */
@@ -1232,7 +1232,6 @@ static int sdhci_pci_init(PCIDevice *dev)
     memory_region_init_io(&s->iomem, OBJECT(s), &sdhci_mmio_ops, s, "sdhci",
             SDHC_REGISTERS_MAP_SIZE);
     pci_register_bar(dev, 0, 0, &s->iomem);
-    return 0;
 }
 
 static void sdhci_pci_exit(PCIDevice *dev)
@@ -1246,7 +1245,7 @@ static void sdhci_pci_class_init(ObjectClass *klass, void *data)
     DeviceClass *dc = DEVICE_CLASS(klass);
     PCIDeviceClass *k = PCI_DEVICE_CLASS(klass);
 
-    k->init = sdhci_pci_init;
+    k->realize = sdhci_pci_realize;
     k->exit = sdhci_pci_exit;
     k->vendor_id = PCI_VENDOR_ID_REDHAT;
     k->device_id = PCI_DEVICE_ID_REDHAT_SDHCI;
diff --git a/hw/usb/hcd-ehci-pci.c b/hw/usb/hcd-ehci-pci.c
index 490f2b6..4c80707 100644
--- a/hw/usb/hcd-ehci-pci.c
+++ b/hw/usb/hcd-ehci-pci.c
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ typedef struct EHCIPCIInfo {
     bool companion;
 } EHCIPCIInfo;
 
-static int usb_ehci_pci_initfn(PCIDevice *dev)
+static void usb_ehci_pci_realize(PCIDevice *dev, Error **errp)
 {
     EHCIPCIState *i = PCI_EHCI(dev);
     EHCIState *s = &i->ehci;
@@ -66,8 +66,6 @@ static int usb_ehci_pci_initfn(PCIDevice *dev)
 
     usb_ehci_realize(s, DEVICE(dev), NULL);
     pci_register_bar(dev, 0, PCI_BASE_ADDRESS_SPACE_MEMORY, &s->mem);
-
-    return 0;
 }
 
 static void usb_ehci_pci_init(Object *obj)
@@ -139,7 +137,7 @@ static void ehci_class_init(ObjectClass *klass, void *data)
     DeviceClass *dc = DEVICE_CLASS(klass);
     PCIDeviceClass *k = PCI_DEVICE_CLASS(klass);
 
-    k->init = usb_ehci_pci_initfn;
+    k->realize = usb_ehci_pci_realize;
     k->exit = usb_ehci_pci_exit;
     k->class_id = PCI_CLASS_SERIAL_USB;
     k->config_write = usb_ehci_pci_write_config;
diff --git a/hw/usb/hcd-xhci.c b/hw/usb/hcd-xhci.c
index 776699b..09eaa1f 100644
--- a/hw/usb/hcd-xhci.c
+++ b/hw/usb/hcd-xhci.c
@@ -3567,7 +3567,7 @@ static void usb_xhci_init(XHCIState *xhci)
     }
 }
 
-static int usb_xhci_initfn(struct PCIDevice *dev)
+static void usb_xhci_realize(struct PCIDevice *dev, Error **errp)
 {
     int i, ret;
 
@@ -3646,8 +3646,6 @@ static int usb_xhci_initfn(struct PCIDevice *dev)
                   &xhci->mem, 0, OFF_MSIX_PBA,
                   0x90);
     }
-
-    return 0;
 }
 
 static void usb_xhci_exit(PCIDevice *dev)
@@ -3887,7 +3885,7 @@ static void xhci_class_init(ObjectClass *klass, void *data)
     dc->props   = xhci_properties;
     dc->reset   = xhci_reset;
     set_bit(DEVICE_CATEGORY_USB, dc->categories);
-    k->init         = usb_xhci_initfn;
+    k->realize      = usb_xhci_realize;
     k->exit         = usb_xhci_exit;
     k->vendor_id    = PCI_VENDOR_ID_NEC;
     k->device_id    = PCI_DEVICE_ID_NEC_UPD720200;
diff --git a/hw/watchdog/wdt_i6300esb.c b/hw/watchdog/wdt_i6300esb.c
index 33dd6d4..b2d158f 100644
--- a/hw/watchdog/wdt_i6300esb.c
+++ b/hw/watchdog/wdt_i6300esb.c
@@ -408,7 +408,7 @@ static const VMStateDescription vmstate_i6300esb = {
     }
 };
 
-static int i6300esb_init(PCIDevice *dev)
+static void i6300esb_realize(PCIDevice *dev, Error **errp)
 {
     I6300State *d = DO_UPCAST(I6300State, dev, dev);
 
@@ -421,8 +421,6 @@ static int i6300esb_init(PCIDevice *dev)
                           "i6300esb", 0x10);
     pci_register_bar(&d->dev, 0, 0, &d->io_mem);
     /* qemu_register_coalesced_mmio (addr, 0x10); ? */
-
-    return 0;
 }
 
 static WatchdogTimerModel model = {
@@ -437,7 +435,7 @@ static void i6300esb_class_init(ObjectClass *klass, void *data)
 
     k->config_read = i6300esb_config_read;
     k->config_write = i6300esb_config_write;
-    k->init = i6300esb_init;
+    k->realize = i6300esb_realize;
     k->vendor_id = PCI_VENDOR_ID_INTEL;
     k->device_id = PCI_DEVICE_ID_INTEL_ESB_9;
     k->class_id = PCI_CLASS_SYSTEM_OTHER;