ceph/rbd block driver for qemu-kvm

RBD is an block driver for the distributed file system Ceph
(http://ceph.newdream.net/). This driver uses librados (which is part
of the Ceph server) for direct access to the Ceph object store and is
running entirely in userspace (Yehuda also wrote a driver for the
linux kernel, that can be used to access rbd volumes as a block
device).

Signed-off-by: Yehuda Sadeh <yehuda@hq.newdream.net>
Signed-off-by: Christian Brunner <chb@muc.de>
Reviewed-by: Stefan Hajnoczi <stefanha@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Kevin Wolf <kwolf@redhat.com>

1 files changed, 1059 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/block/rbd.c b/block/rbd.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..249a590
--- /dev/null
+++ b/block/rbd.c
@@ -0,0 +1,1059 @@
+/*
+ * QEMU Block driver for RADOS (Ceph)
+ *
+ * Copyright (C) 2010 Christian Brunner <chb@muc.de>
+ *
+ * This work is licensed under the terms of the GNU GPL, version 2.  See
+ * the COPYING file in the top-level directory.
+ *
+ */
+
+#include "qemu-common.h"
+#include "qemu-error.h"
+
+#include "rbd_types.h"
+#include "block_int.h"
+
+#include <rados/librados.h>
+
+
+
+/*
+ * When specifying the image filename use:
+ *
+ * rbd:poolname/devicename
+ *
+ * poolname must be the name of an existing rados pool
+ *
+ * devicename is the basename for all objects used to
+ * emulate the raw device.
+ *
+ * Metadata information (image size, ...) is stored in an
+ * object with the name "devicename.rbd".
+ *
+ * The raw device is split into 4MB sized objects by default.
+ * The sequencenumber is encoded in a 12 byte long hex-string,
+ * and is attached to the devicename, separated by a dot.
+ * e.g. "devicename.1234567890ab"
+ *
+ */
+
+#define OBJ_MAX_SIZE (1UL << OBJ_DEFAULT_OBJ_ORDER)
+
+typedef struct RBDAIOCB {
+    BlockDriverAIOCB common;
+    QEMUBH *bh;
+    int ret;
+    QEMUIOVector *qiov;
+    char *bounce;
+    int write;
+    int64_t sector_num;
+    int aiocnt;
+    int error;
+    struct BDRVRBDState *s;
+    int cancelled;
+} RBDAIOCB;
+
+typedef struct RADOSCB {
+    int rcbid;
+    RBDAIOCB *acb;
+    struct BDRVRBDState *s;
+    int done;
+    int64_t segsize;
+    char *buf;
+    int ret;
+} RADOSCB;
+
+#define RBD_FD_READ 0
+#define RBD_FD_WRITE 1
+
+typedef struct BDRVRBDState {
+    int fds[2];
+    rados_pool_t pool;
+    rados_pool_t header_pool;
+    char name[RBD_MAX_OBJ_NAME_SIZE];
+    char block_name[RBD_MAX_BLOCK_NAME_SIZE];
+    uint64_t size;
+    uint64_t objsize;
+    int qemu_aio_count;
+    int event_reader_pos;
+    RADOSCB *event_rcb;
+} BDRVRBDState;
+
+typedef struct rbd_obj_header_ondisk RbdHeader1;
+
+static void rbd_aio_bh_cb(void *opaque);
+
+static int rbd_next_tok(char *dst, int dst_len,
+                        char *src, char delim,
+                        const char *name,
+                        char **p)
+{
+    int l;
+    char *end;
+
+    *p = NULL;
+
+    if (delim != '\0') {
+        end = strchr(src, delim);
+        if (end) {
+            *p = end + 1;
+            *end = '\0';
+        }
+    }
+    l = strlen(src);
+    if (l >= dst_len) {
+        error_report("%s too long", name);
+        return -EINVAL;
+    } else if (l == 0) {
+        error_report("%s too short", name);
+        return -EINVAL;
+    }
+
+    pstrcpy(dst, dst_len, src);
+
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static int rbd_parsename(const char *filename,
+                         char *pool, int pool_len,
+                         char *snap, int snap_len,
+                         char *name, int name_len)
+{
+    const char *start;
+    char *p, *buf;
+    int ret;
+
+    if (!strstart(filename, "rbd:", &start)) {
+        return -EINVAL;
+    }
+
+    buf = qemu_strdup(start);
+    p = buf;
+
+    ret = rbd_next_tok(pool, pool_len, p, '/', "pool name", &p);
+    if (ret < 0 || !p) {
+        ret = -EINVAL;
+        goto done;
+    }
+    ret = rbd_next_tok(name, name_len, p, '@', "object name", &p);
+    if (ret < 0) {
+        goto done;
+    }
+    if (!p) {
+        *snap = '\0';
+        goto done;
+    }
+
+    ret = rbd_next_tok(snap, snap_len, p, '\0', "snap name", &p);
+
+done:
+    qemu_free(buf);
+    return ret;
+}
+
+static int create_tmap_op(uint8_t op, const char *name, char **tmap_desc)
+{
+    uint32_t len = strlen(name);
+    uint32_t len_le = cpu_to_le32(len);
+    /* total_len = encoding op + name + empty buffer */
+    uint32_t total_len = 1 + (sizeof(uint32_t) + len) + sizeof(uint32_t);
+    uint8_t *desc = NULL;
+
+    desc = qemu_malloc(total_len);
+
+    *tmap_desc = (char *)desc;
+
+    *desc = op;
+    desc++;
+    memcpy(desc, &len_le, sizeof(len_le));
+    desc += sizeof(len_le);
+    memcpy(desc, name, len);
+    desc += len;
+    len = 0; /* no need for endian conversion for 0 */
+    memcpy(desc, &len, sizeof(len));
+    desc += sizeof(len);
+
+    return (char *)desc - *tmap_desc;
+}
+
+static void free_tmap_op(char *tmap_desc)
+{
+    qemu_free(tmap_desc);
+}
+
+static int rbd_register_image(rados_pool_t pool, const char *name)
+{
+    char *tmap_desc;
+    const char *dir = RBD_DIRECTORY;
+    int ret;
+
+    ret = create_tmap_op(CEPH_OSD_TMAP_SET, name, &tmap_desc);
+    if (ret < 0) {
+        return ret;
+    }
+
+    ret = rados_tmap_update(pool, dir, tmap_desc, ret);
+    free_tmap_op(tmap_desc);
+
+    return ret;
+}
+
+static int touch_rbd_info(rados_pool_t pool, const char *info_oid)
+{
+    int r = rados_write(pool, info_oid, 0, NULL, 0);
+    if (r < 0) {
+        return r;
+    }
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static int rbd_assign_bid(rados_pool_t pool, uint64_t *id)
+{
+    uint64_t out[1];
+    const char *info_oid = RBD_INFO;
+
+    *id = 0;
+
+    int r = touch_rbd_info(pool, info_oid);
+    if (r < 0) {
+        return r;
+    }
+
+    r = rados_exec(pool, info_oid, "rbd", "assign_bid", NULL,
+                   0, (char *)out, sizeof(out));
+    if (r < 0) {
+        return r;
+    }
+
+    le64_to_cpus(out);
+    *id = out[0];
+
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static int rbd_create(const char *filename, QEMUOptionParameter *options)
+{
+    int64_t bytes = 0;
+    int64_t objsize;
+    uint64_t size;
+    time_t mtime;
+    uint8_t obj_order = RBD_DEFAULT_OBJ_ORDER;
+    char pool[RBD_MAX_SEG_NAME_SIZE];
+    char n[RBD_MAX_SEG_NAME_SIZE];
+    char name[RBD_MAX_OBJ_NAME_SIZE];
+    char snap_buf[RBD_MAX_SEG_NAME_SIZE];
+    char *snap = NULL;
+    RbdHeader1 header;
+    rados_pool_t p;
+    uint64_t bid;
+    uint32_t hi, lo;
+    int ret;
+
+    if (rbd_parsename(filename,
+                      pool, sizeof(pool),
+                      snap_buf, sizeof(snap_buf),
+                      name, sizeof(name)) < 0) {
+        return -EINVAL;
+    }
+    if (snap_buf[0] != '\0') {
+        snap = snap_buf;
+    }
+
+    snprintf(n, sizeof(n), "%s%s", name, RBD_SUFFIX);
+
+    /* Read out options */
+    while (options && options->name) {
+        if (!strcmp(options->name, BLOCK_OPT_SIZE)) {
+            bytes = options->value.n;
+        } else if (!strcmp(options->name, BLOCK_OPT_CLUSTER_SIZE)) {
+            if (options->value.n) {
+                objsize = options->value.n;
+                if ((objsize - 1) & objsize) {    /* not a power of 2? */
+                    error_report("obj size needs to be power of 2");
+                    return -EINVAL;
+                }
+                if (objsize < 4096) {
+                    error_report("obj size too small");
+                    return -EINVAL;
+                }
+		obj_order = ffs(objsize) - 1;
+            }
+        }
+        options++;
+    }
+
+    memset(&header, 0, sizeof(header));
+    pstrcpy(header.text, sizeof(header.text), RBD_HEADER_TEXT);
+    pstrcpy(header.signature, sizeof(header.signature), RBD_HEADER_SIGNATURE);
+    pstrcpy(header.version, sizeof(header.version), RBD_HEADER_VERSION);
+    header.image_size = cpu_to_le64(bytes);
+    header.options.order = obj_order;
+    header.options.crypt_type = RBD_CRYPT_NONE;
+    header.options.comp_type = RBD_COMP_NONE;
+    header.snap_seq = 0;
+    header.snap_count = 0;
+
+    if (rados_initialize(0, NULL) < 0) {
+        error_report("error initializing");
+        return -EIO;
+    }
+
+    if (rados_open_pool(pool, &p)) {
+        error_report("error opening pool %s", pool);
+        rados_deinitialize();
+        return -EIO;
+    }
+
+    /* check for existing rbd header file */
+    ret = rados_stat(p, n, &size, &mtime);
+    if (ret == 0) {
+        ret=-EEXIST;
+        goto done;
+    }
+
+    ret = rbd_assign_bid(p, &bid);
+    if (ret < 0) {
+        error_report("failed assigning block id");
+        rados_deinitialize();
+        return -EIO;
+    }
+    hi = bid >> 32;
+    lo = bid & 0xFFFFFFFF;
+    snprintf(header.block_name, sizeof(header.block_name), "rb.%x.%x", hi, lo);
+
+    /* create header file */
+    ret = rados_write(p, n, 0, (const char *)&header, sizeof(header));
+    if (ret < 0) {
+        goto done;
+    }
+
+    ret = rbd_register_image(p, name);
+done:
+    rados_close_pool(p);
+    rados_deinitialize();
+
+    return ret;
+}
+
+/*
+ * This aio completion is being called from rbd_aio_event_reader() and
+ * runs in qemu context. It schedules a bh, but just in case the aio
+ * was not cancelled before.
+ */
+static void rbd_complete_aio(RADOSCB *rcb)
+{
+    RBDAIOCB *acb = rcb->acb;
+    int64_t r;
+
+    acb->aiocnt--;
+
+    if (acb->cancelled) {
+        if (!acb->aiocnt) {
+            qemu_vfree(acb->bounce);
+            qemu_aio_release(acb);
+        }
+        goto done;
+    }
+
+    r = rcb->ret;
+
+    if (acb->write) {
+        if (r < 0) {
+            acb->ret = r;
+            acb->error = 1;
+        } else if (!acb->error) {
+            acb->ret += rcb->segsize;
+        }
+    } else {
+        if (r == -ENOENT) {
+            memset(rcb->buf, 0, rcb->segsize);
+            if (!acb->error) {
+                acb->ret += rcb->segsize;
+            }
+        } else if (r < 0) {
+	    memset(rcb->buf, 0, rcb->segsize);
+            acb->ret = r;
+            acb->error = 1;
+        } else if (r < rcb->segsize) {
+            memset(rcb->buf + r, 0, rcb->segsize - r);
+            if (!acb->error) {
+                acb->ret += rcb->segsize;
+            }
+        } else if (!acb->error) {
+            acb->ret += r;
+        }
+    }
+    /* Note that acb->bh can be NULL in case where the aio was cancelled */
+    if (!acb->aiocnt) {
+        acb->bh = qemu_bh_new(rbd_aio_bh_cb, acb);
+        qemu_bh_schedule(acb->bh);
+    }
+done:
+    qemu_free(rcb);
+}
+
+/*
+ * aio fd read handler. It runs in the qemu context and calls the
+ * completion handling of completed rados aio operations.
+ */
+static void rbd_aio_event_reader(void *opaque)
+{
+    BDRVRBDState *s = opaque;
+
+    ssize_t ret;
+
+    do {
+        char *p = (char *)&s->event_rcb;
+
+        /* now read the rcb pointer that was sent from a non qemu thread */
+        if ((ret = read(s->fds[RBD_FD_READ], p + s->event_reader_pos,
+                        sizeof(s->event_rcb) - s->event_reader_pos)) > 0) {
+            if (ret > 0) {
+                s->event_reader_pos += ret;
+                if (s->event_reader_pos == sizeof(s->event_rcb)) {
+                    s->event_reader_pos = 0;
+                    rbd_complete_aio(s->event_rcb);
+                    s->qemu_aio_count --;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    } while (ret < 0 && errno == EINTR);
+}
+
+static int rbd_aio_flush_cb(void *opaque)
+{
+    BDRVRBDState *s = opaque;
+
+    return (s->qemu_aio_count > 0);
+}
+
+
+static int rbd_set_snapc(rados_pool_t pool, const char *snap, RbdHeader1 *header)
+{
+    uint32_t snap_count = le32_to_cpu(header->snap_count);
+    rados_snap_t *snaps = NULL;
+    rados_snap_t seq;
+    uint32_t i;
+    uint64_t snap_names_len = le64_to_cpu(header->snap_names_len);
+    int r;
+    rados_snap_t snapid = 0;
+
+    if (snap_count) {
+        const char *header_snap = (const char *)&header->snaps[snap_count];
+        const char *end = header_snap + snap_names_len;
+        snaps = qemu_malloc(sizeof(rados_snap_t) * header->snap_count);
+
+        for (i=0; i < snap_count; i++) {
+            snaps[i] = le64_to_cpu(header->snaps[i].id);
+
+            if (snap && strcmp(snap, header_snap) == 0) {
+                snapid = snaps[i];
+            }
+
+            header_snap += strlen(header_snap) + 1;
+            if (header_snap > end) {
+                error_report("bad header, snapshot list broken");
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (snap && !snapid) {
+        error_report("snapshot not found");
+        qemu_free(snaps);
+        return -ENOENT;
+    }
+    seq = le32_to_cpu(header->snap_seq);
+
+    r = rados_set_snap_context(pool, seq, snaps, snap_count);
+
+    rados_set_snap(pool, snapid);
+
+    qemu_free(snaps);
+
+    return r;
+}
+
+#define BUF_READ_START_LEN    4096
+
+static int rbd_read_header(BDRVRBDState *s, char **hbuf)
+{
+    char *buf = NULL;
+    char n[RBD_MAX_SEG_NAME_SIZE];
+    uint64_t len = BUF_READ_START_LEN;
+    int r;
+
+    snprintf(n, sizeof(n), "%s%s", s->name, RBD_SUFFIX);
+
+    buf = qemu_malloc(len);
+
+    r = rados_read(s->header_pool, n, 0, buf, len);
+    if (r < 0) {
+        goto failed;
+    }
+
+    if (r < len) {
+        goto done;
+    }
+
+    qemu_free(buf);
+    buf = qemu_malloc(len);
+
+    r = rados_stat(s->header_pool, n, &len, NULL);
+    if (r < 0) {
+        goto failed;
+    }
+
+    r = rados_read(s->header_pool, n, 0, buf, len);
+    if (r < 0) {
+        goto failed;
+    }
+
+done:
+    *hbuf = buf;
+    return 0;
+
+failed:
+    qemu_free(buf);
+    return r;
+}
+
+static int rbd_open(BlockDriverState *bs, const char *filename, int flags)
+{
+    BDRVRBDState *s = bs->opaque;
+    RbdHeader1 *header;
+    char pool[RBD_MAX_SEG_NAME_SIZE];
+    char snap_buf[RBD_MAX_SEG_NAME_SIZE];
+    char *snap = NULL;
+    char *hbuf = NULL;
+    int r;
+
+    if (rbd_parsename(filename, pool, sizeof(pool),
+                      snap_buf, sizeof(snap_buf),
+                      s->name, sizeof(s->name)) < 0) {
+        return -EINVAL;
+    }
+    if (snap_buf[0] != '\0') {
+        snap = snap_buf;
+    }
+
+    if ((r = rados_initialize(0, NULL)) < 0) {
+        error_report("error initializing");
+        return r;
+    }
+
+    if ((r = rados_open_pool(pool, &s->pool))) {
+        error_report("error opening pool %s", pool);
+        rados_deinitialize();
+        return r;
+    }
+
+    if ((r = rados_open_pool(pool, &s->header_pool))) {
+        error_report("error opening pool %s", pool);
+        rados_deinitialize();
+        return r;
+    }
+
+    if ((r = rbd_read_header(s, &hbuf)) < 0) {
+        error_report("error reading header from %s", s->name);
+        goto failed;
+    }
+
+    if (memcmp(hbuf + 64, RBD_HEADER_SIGNATURE, 4)) {
+        error_report("Invalid header signature");
+        r = -EMEDIUMTYPE;
+        goto failed;
+    }
+
+    if (memcmp(hbuf + 68, RBD_HEADER_VERSION, 8)) {
+        error_report("Unknown image version");
+        r = -EMEDIUMTYPE;
+        goto failed;
+    }
+
+    header = (RbdHeader1 *) hbuf;
+    s->size = le64_to_cpu(header->image_size);
+    s->objsize = 1ULL << header->options.order;
+    memcpy(s->block_name, header->block_name, sizeof(header->block_name));
+
+    r = rbd_set_snapc(s->pool, snap, header);
+    if (r < 0) {
+        error_report("failed setting snap context: %s", strerror(-r));
+        goto failed;
+    }
+
+    bs->read_only = (snap != NULL);
+
+    s->event_reader_pos = 0;
+    r = qemu_pipe(s->fds);
+    if (r < 0) {
+        error_report("error opening eventfd");
+        goto failed;
+    }
+    fcntl(s->fds[0], F_SETFL, O_NONBLOCK);
+    fcntl(s->fds[1], F_SETFL, O_NONBLOCK);
+    qemu_aio_set_fd_handler(s->fds[RBD_FD_READ], rbd_aio_event_reader, NULL,
+        rbd_aio_flush_cb, NULL, s);
+
+    qemu_free(hbuf);
+
+    return 0;
+
+failed:
+    qemu_free(hbuf);
+
+    rados_close_pool(s->header_pool);
+    rados_close_pool(s->pool);
+    rados_deinitialize();
+    return r;
+}
+
+static void rbd_close(BlockDriverState *bs)
+{
+    BDRVRBDState *s = bs->opaque;
+
+    close(s->fds[0]);
+    close(s->fds[1]);
+    qemu_aio_set_fd_handler(s->fds[RBD_FD_READ], NULL , NULL, NULL, NULL,
+        NULL);
+
+    rados_close_pool(s->header_pool);
+    rados_close_pool(s->pool);
+    rados_deinitialize();
+}
+
+/*
+ * Cancel aio. Since we don't reference acb in a non qemu threads,
+ * it is safe to access it here.
+ */
+static void rbd_aio_cancel(BlockDriverAIOCB *blockacb)
+{
+    RBDAIOCB *acb = (RBDAIOCB *) blockacb;
+    acb->cancelled = 1;
+}
+
+static AIOPool rbd_aio_pool = {
+    .aiocb_size = sizeof(RBDAIOCB),
+    .cancel = rbd_aio_cancel,
+};
+
+/*
+ * This is the callback function for rados_aio_read and _write
+ *
+ * Note: this function is being called from a non qemu thread so
+ * we need to be careful about what we do here. Generally we only
+ * write to the block notification pipe, and do the rest of the
+ * io completion handling from rbd_aio_event_reader() which
+ * runs in a qemu context.
+ */
+static void rbd_finish_aiocb(rados_completion_t c, RADOSCB *rcb)
+{
+    int ret;
+    rcb->ret = rados_aio_get_return_value(c);
+    rados_aio_release(c);
+    while (1) {
+        fd_set wfd;
+        int fd = rcb->s->fds[RBD_FD_WRITE];
+
+        /* send the rcb pointer to the qemu thread that is responsible
+           for the aio completion. Must do it in a qemu thread context */
+        ret = write(fd, (void *)&rcb, sizeof(rcb));
+        if (ret >= 0) {
+            break;
+        }
+        if (errno == EINTR) {
+            continue;
+	}
+        if (errno != EAGAIN) {
+            break;
+	}
+
+        FD_ZERO(&wfd);
+        FD_SET(fd, &wfd);
+        do {
+            ret = select(fd + 1, NULL, &wfd, NULL, NULL);
+        } while (ret < 0 && errno == EINTR);
+    }
+
+    if (ret < 0) {
+        error_report("failed writing to acb->s->fds\n");
+        qemu_free(rcb);
+    }
+}
+
+/* Callback when all queued rados_aio requests are complete */
+
+static void rbd_aio_bh_cb(void *opaque)
+{
+    RBDAIOCB *acb = opaque;
+
+    if (!acb->write) {
+        qemu_iovec_from_buffer(acb->qiov, acb->bounce, acb->qiov->size);
+    }
+    qemu_vfree(acb->bounce);
+    acb->common.cb(acb->common.opaque, (acb->ret > 0 ? 0 : acb->ret));
+    qemu_bh_delete(acb->bh);
+    acb->bh = NULL;
+
+    qemu_aio_release(acb);
+}
+
+static BlockDriverAIOCB *rbd_aio_rw_vector(BlockDriverState *bs,
+                                           int64_t sector_num,
+                                           QEMUIOVector *qiov,
+                                           int nb_sectors,
+                                           BlockDriverCompletionFunc *cb,
+                                           void *opaque, int write)
+{
+    RBDAIOCB *acb;
+    RADOSCB *rcb;
+    rados_completion_t c;
+    char n[RBD_MAX_SEG_NAME_SIZE];
+    int64_t segnr, segoffs, segsize, last_segnr;
+    int64_t off, size;
+    char *buf;
+
+    BDRVRBDState *s = bs->opaque;
+
+    acb = qemu_aio_get(&rbd_aio_pool, bs, cb, opaque);
+    acb->write = write;
+    acb->qiov = qiov;
+    acb->bounce = qemu_blockalign(bs, qiov->size);
+    acb->aiocnt = 0;
+    acb->ret = 0;
+    acb->error = 0;
+    acb->s = s;
+    acb->cancelled = 0;
+    acb->bh = NULL;
+
+    if (write) {
+        qemu_iovec_to_buffer(acb->qiov, acb->bounce);
+    }
+
+    buf = acb->bounce;
+
+    off = sector_num * BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE;
+    size = nb_sectors * BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE;
+    segnr = off / s->objsize;
+    segoffs = off % s->objsize;
+    segsize = s->objsize - segoffs;
+
+    last_segnr = ((off + size - 1) / s->objsize);
+    acb->aiocnt = (last_segnr - segnr) + 1;
+
+    s->qemu_aio_count += acb->aiocnt; /* All the RADOSCB */
+
+    while (size > 0) {
+        if (size < segsize) {
+            segsize = size;
+        }
+
+        snprintf(n, sizeof(n), "%s.%012" PRIx64, s->block_name,
+                 segnr);
+
+        rcb = qemu_malloc(sizeof(RADOSCB));
+        rcb->done = 0;
+        rcb->acb = acb;
+        rcb->segsize = segsize;
+        rcb->buf = buf;
+        rcb->s = acb->s;
+
+        if (write) {
+            rados_aio_create_completion(rcb, NULL,
+                                        (rados_callback_t) rbd_finish_aiocb,
+                                        &c);
+            rados_aio_write(s->pool, n, segoffs, buf, segsize, c);
+        } else {
+            rados_aio_create_completion(rcb,
+                                        (rados_callback_t) rbd_finish_aiocb,
+                                        NULL, &c);
+            rados_aio_read(s->pool, n, segoffs, buf, segsize, c);
+        }
+
+        buf += segsize;
+        size -= segsize;
+        segoffs = 0;
+        segsize = s->objsize;
+        segnr++;
+    }
+
+    return &acb->common;
+}
+
+static BlockDriverAIOCB *rbd_aio_readv(BlockDriverState * bs,
+                                       int64_t sector_num, QEMUIOVector * qiov,
+                                       int nb_sectors,
+                                       BlockDriverCompletionFunc * cb,
+                                       void *opaque)
+{
+    return rbd_aio_rw_vector(bs, sector_num, qiov, nb_sectors, cb, opaque, 0);
+}
+
+static BlockDriverAIOCB *rbd_aio_writev(BlockDriverState * bs,
+                                        int64_t sector_num, QEMUIOVector * qiov,
+                                        int nb_sectors,
+                                        BlockDriverCompletionFunc * cb,
+                                        void *opaque)
+{
+    return rbd_aio_rw_vector(bs, sector_num, qiov, nb_sectors, cb, opaque, 1);
+}
+
+static int rbd_getinfo(BlockDriverState * bs, BlockDriverInfo * bdi)
+{
+    BDRVRBDState *s = bs->opaque;
+    bdi->cluster_size = s->objsize;
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static int64_t rbd_getlength(BlockDriverState * bs)
+{
+    BDRVRBDState *s = bs->opaque;
+
+    return s->size;
+}
+
+static int rbd_snap_create(BlockDriverState *bs, QEMUSnapshotInfo *sn_info)
+{
+    BDRVRBDState *s = bs->opaque;
+    char inbuf[512], outbuf[128];
+    uint64_t snap_id;
+    int r;
+    char *p = inbuf;
+    char *end = inbuf + sizeof(inbuf);
+    char n[RBD_MAX_SEG_NAME_SIZE];
+    char *hbuf = NULL;
+    RbdHeader1 *header;
+
+    if (sn_info->name[0] == '\0') {
+        return -EINVAL; /* we need a name for rbd snapshots */
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * rbd snapshots are using the name as the user controlled unique identifier
+     * we can't use the rbd snapid for that purpose, as it can't be set
+     */
+    if (sn_info->id_str[0] != '\0' &&
+        strcmp(sn_info->id_str, sn_info->name) != 0) {
+        return -EINVAL;
+    }
+
+    if (strlen(sn_info->name) >= sizeof(sn_info->id_str)) {
+        return -ERANGE;
+    }
+
+    r = rados_selfmanaged_snap_create(s->header_pool, &snap_id);
+    if (r < 0) {
+        error_report("failed to create snap id: %s", strerror(-r));
+        return r;
+    }
+
+    *(uint32_t *)p = strlen(sn_info->name);
+    cpu_to_le32s((uint32_t *)p);
+    p += sizeof(uint32_t);
+    strncpy(p, sn_info->name, end - p);
+    p += strlen(p);
+    if (p + sizeof(snap_id) > end) {
+        error_report("invalid input parameter");
+        return -EINVAL;
+    }
+
+    *(uint64_t *)p = snap_id;
+    cpu_to_le64s((uint64_t *)p);
+
+    snprintf(n, sizeof(n), "%s%s", s->name, RBD_SUFFIX);
+
+    r = rados_exec(s->header_pool, n, "rbd", "snap_add", inbuf,
+                   sizeof(inbuf), outbuf, sizeof(outbuf));
+    if (r < 0) {
+        error_report("rbd.snap_add execution failed failed: %s", strerror(-r));
+        return r;
+    }
+
+    sprintf(sn_info->id_str, "%s", sn_info->name);
+
+    r = rbd_read_header(s, &hbuf);
+    if (r < 0) {
+        error_report("failed reading header: %s", strerror(-r));
+        return r;
+    }
+
+    header = (RbdHeader1 *) hbuf;
+    r = rbd_set_snapc(s->pool, sn_info->name, header);
+    if (r < 0) {
+        error_report("failed setting snap context: %s", strerror(-r));
+        goto failed;
+    }
+
+    return 0;
+
+failed:
+    qemu_free(header);
+    return r;
+}
+
+static int decode32(char **p, const char *end, uint32_t *v)
+{
+    if (*p + 4 > end) {
+	return -ERANGE;
+    }
+
+    *v = *(uint32_t *)(*p);
+    le32_to_cpus(v);
+    *p += 4;
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static int decode64(char **p, const char *end, uint64_t *v)
+{
+    if (*p + 8 > end) {
+        return -ERANGE;
+    }
+
+    *v = *(uint64_t *)(*p);
+    le64_to_cpus(v);
+    *p += 8;
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static int decode_str(char **p, const char *end, char **s)
+{
+    uint32_t len;
+    int r;
+
+    if ((r = decode32(p, end, &len)) < 0) {
+        return r;
+    }
+
+    *s = qemu_malloc(len + 1);
+    memcpy(*s, *p, len);
+    *p += len;
+    (*s)[len] = '\0';
+
+    return len;
+}
+
+static int rbd_snap_list(BlockDriverState *bs, QEMUSnapshotInfo **psn_tab)
+{
+    BDRVRBDState *s = bs->opaque;
+    char n[RBD_MAX_SEG_NAME_SIZE];
+    QEMUSnapshotInfo *sn_info, *sn_tab = NULL;
+    RbdHeader1 *header;
+    char *hbuf = NULL;
+    char *outbuf = NULL, *end, *buf;
+    uint64_t len;
+    uint64_t snap_seq;
+    uint32_t snap_count;
+    int r, i;
+
+    /* read header to estimate how much space we need to read the snap
+     * list */
+    if ((r = rbd_read_header(s, &hbuf)) < 0) {
+        goto done_err;
+    }
+    header = (RbdHeader1 *)hbuf;
+    len = le64_to_cpu(header->snap_names_len);
+    len += 1024; /* should have already been enough, but new snapshots might
+                    already been created since we read the header. just allocate
+                    a bit more, so that in most cases it'll suffice anyway */
+    qemu_free(hbuf);
+
+    snprintf(n, sizeof(n), "%s%s", s->name, RBD_SUFFIX);
+    while (1) {
+        qemu_free(outbuf);
+        outbuf = qemu_malloc(len);
+
+        r = rados_exec(s->header_pool, n, "rbd", "snap_list", NULL, 0,
+                       outbuf, len);
+        if (r < 0) {
+            error_report("rbd.snap_list execution failed failed: %s", strerror(-r));
+            goto done_err;
+        }
+        if (r != len) {
+            break;
+	}
+
+        /* if we're here, we probably raced with some snaps creation */
+        len *= 2;
+    }
+    buf = outbuf;
+    end = buf + len;
+
+    if ((r = decode64(&buf, end, &snap_seq)) < 0) {
+        goto done_err;
+    }
+    if ((r = decode32(&buf, end, &snap_count)) < 0) {
+        goto done_err;
+    }
+
+    sn_tab = qemu_mallocz(snap_count * sizeof(QEMUSnapshotInfo));
+    for (i = 0; i < snap_count; i++) {
+        uint64_t id, image_size;
+        char *snap_name;
+
+        if ((r = decode64(&buf, end, &id)) < 0) {
+            goto done_err;
+        }
+        if ((r = decode64(&buf, end, &image_size)) < 0) {
+            goto done_err;
+        }
+        if ((r = decode_str(&buf, end, &snap_name)) < 0) {
+            goto done_err;
+        }
+
+        sn_info = sn_tab + i;
+        pstrcpy(sn_info->id_str, sizeof(sn_info->id_str), snap_name);
+        pstrcpy(sn_info->name, sizeof(sn_info->name), snap_name);
+        qemu_free(snap_name);
+
+        sn_info->vm_state_size = image_size;
+        sn_info->date_sec = 0;
+        sn_info->date_nsec = 0;
+        sn_info->vm_clock_nsec = 0;
+    }
+    *psn_tab = sn_tab;
+    qemu_free(outbuf);
+    return snap_count;
+done_err:
+    qemu_free(sn_tab);
+    qemu_free(outbuf);
+    return r;
+}
+
+static QEMUOptionParameter rbd_create_options[] = {
+    {
+     .name = BLOCK_OPT_SIZE,
+     .type = OPT_SIZE,
+     .help = "Virtual disk size"
+    },
+    {
+     .name = BLOCK_OPT_CLUSTER_SIZE,
+     .type = OPT_SIZE,
+     .help = "RBD object size"
+    },
+    {NULL}
+};
+
+static BlockDriver bdrv_rbd = {
+    .format_name        = "rbd",
+    .instance_size      = sizeof(BDRVRBDState),
+    .bdrv_file_open     = rbd_open,
+    .bdrv_close         = rbd_close,
+    .bdrv_create        = rbd_create,
+    .bdrv_get_info      = rbd_getinfo,
+    .create_options     = rbd_create_options,
+    .bdrv_getlength     = rbd_getlength,
+    .protocol_name      = "rbd",
+
+    .bdrv_aio_readv     = rbd_aio_readv,
+    .bdrv_aio_writev    = rbd_aio_writev,
+
+    .bdrv_snapshot_create = rbd_snap_create,
+    .bdrv_snapshot_list = rbd_snap_list,
+};
+
+static void bdrv_rbd_init(void)
+{
+    bdrv_register(&bdrv_rbd);
+}
+
+block_init(bdrv_rbd_init);