Merge remote-tracking branch 'remotes/armbru/tags/pull-error-2018-10-22' into staging

Error reporting patches for 2018-10-22

# gpg: Signature made Mon 22 Oct 2018 13:20:23 BST
# gpg:                using RSA key 3870B400EB918653
# gpg: Good signature from "Markus Armbruster <armbru@redhat.com>"
# gpg:                 aka "Markus Armbruster <armbru@pond.sub.org>"
# Primary key fingerprint: 354B C8B3 D7EB 2A6B 6867  4E5F 3870 B400 EB91 8653

* remotes/armbru/tags/pull-error-2018-10-22: (40 commits)
  error: Drop bogus "use error_setg() instead" admonitions
  vpc: Fail open on bad header checksum
  block: Clean up bdrv_img_create()'s error reporting
  vl: Simplify call of parse_name()
  vl: Fix exit status for -drive format=help
  blockdev: Convert drive_new() to Error
  vl: Assert drive_new() does not fail in default_drive()
  fsdev: Clean up error reporting in qemu_fsdev_add()
  spice: Clean up error reporting in add_channel()
  tpm: Clean up error reporting in tpm_init_tpmdev()
  numa: Clean up error reporting in parse_numa()
  vnc: Clean up error reporting in vnc_init_func()
  ui: Convert vnc_display_init(), init_keyboard_layout() to Error
  ui/keymaps: Fix handling of erroneous include files
  vl: Clean up error reporting in device_init_func()
  vl: Clean up error reporting in parse_fw_cfg()
  vl: Clean up error reporting in mon_init_func()
  vl: Clean up error reporting in machine_set_property()
  vl: Clean up error reporting in chardev_init_func()
  qom: Clean up error reporting in user_creatable_add_opts_foreach()
  ...

Signed-off-by: Peter Maydell <peter.maydell@linaro.org>

68 files changed, 414 insertions, 386 deletions

diff --git a/block.c b/block.c
index 7710b39..08d64cd 100644
--- a/block.c
+++ b/block.c
@@ -4697,9 +4697,9 @@ bool bdrv_op_is_blocked(BlockDriverState *bs, BlockOpType op, Error **errp)
     assert((int) op >= 0 && op < BLOCK_OP_TYPE_MAX);
     if (!QLIST_EMPTY(&bs->op_blockers[op])) {
         blocker = QLIST_FIRST(&bs->op_blockers[op]);
-        error_propagate(errp, error_copy(blocker->reason));
-        error_prepend(errp, "Node '%s' is busy: ",
-                      bdrv_get_device_or_node_name(bs));
+        error_propagate_prepend(errp, error_copy(blocker->reason),
+                                "Node '%s' is busy: ",
+                                bdrv_get_device_or_node_name(bs));
         return true;
     }
     return false;
@@ -4803,9 +4803,6 @@ void bdrv_img_create(const char *filename, const char *fmt,
     if (options) {
         qemu_opts_do_parse(opts, options, NULL, &local_err);
         if (local_err) {
-            error_report_err(local_err);
-            local_err = NULL;
-            error_setg(errp, "Invalid options for file format '%s'", fmt);
             goto out;
         }
     }
diff --git a/block/iscsi.c b/block/iscsi.c
index bb69faf..73998c2 100644
--- a/block/iscsi.c
+++ b/block/iscsi.c
@@ -1844,7 +1844,7 @@ static int iscsi_open(BlockDriverState *bs, QDict *options, int flags,
     iscsi_set_timeout(iscsi, timeout);
 #else
     if (timeout) {
-        error_report("iSCSI: ignoring timeout value for libiscsi <1.15.0");
+        warn_report("iSCSI: ignoring timeout value for libiscsi <1.15.0");
     }
 #endif
 
diff --git a/block/qcow2.c b/block/qcow2.c
index 7277fed..4f8d2fa 100644
--- a/block/qcow2.c
+++ b/block/qcow2.c
@@ -2208,8 +2208,8 @@ static void coroutine_fn qcow2_co_invalidate_cache(BlockDriverState *bs,
     qemu_co_mutex_unlock(&s->lock);
     qobject_unref(options);
     if (local_err) {
-        error_propagate(errp, local_err);
-        error_prepend(errp, "Could not reopen qcow2 layer: ");
+        error_propagate_prepend(errp, local_err,
+                                "Could not reopen qcow2 layer: ");
         bs->drv = NULL;
         return;
     } else if (ret < 0) {
diff --git a/block/qed.c b/block/qed.c
index 689ea9d..9377c0b 100644
--- a/block/qed.c
+++ b/block/qed.c
@@ -1606,8 +1606,8 @@ static void coroutine_fn bdrv_qed_co_invalidate_cache(BlockDriverState *bs,
     ret = bdrv_qed_do_open(bs, NULL, bs->open_flags, &local_err);
     qemu_co_mutex_unlock(&s->table_lock);
     if (local_err) {
-        error_propagate(errp, local_err);
-        error_prepend(errp, "Could not reopen qed layer: ");
+        error_propagate_prepend(errp, local_err,
+                                "Could not reopen qed layer: ");
         return;
     } else if (ret < 0) {
         error_setg_errno(errp, -ret, "Could not reopen qed layer");
diff --git a/block/rbd.c b/block/rbd.c
index 014c68d..e5bf5a1 100644
--- a/block/rbd.c
+++ b/block/rbd.c
@@ -750,8 +750,8 @@ static int qemu_rbd_open(BlockDriverState *bs, QDict *options, int flags,
         /* Take care whenever deciding to actually deprecate; once this ability
          * is removed, we will not be able to open any images with legacy-styled
          * backing image strings. */
-        error_report("RBD options encoded in the filename as keyvalue pairs "
-                     "is deprecated");
+        warn_report("RBD options encoded in the filename as keyvalue pairs "
+                    "is deprecated");
     }
 
     /* Remove the processed options from the QDict (the visitor processes
diff --git a/block/sheepdog.c b/block/sheepdog.c
index b229a66..0125df9 100644
--- a/block/sheepdog.c
+++ b/block/sheepdog.c
@@ -572,7 +572,7 @@ static int connect_to_sdog(BDRVSheepdogState *s, Error **errp)
     if (s->addr->type == SOCKET_ADDRESS_TYPE_INET && fd >= 0) {
         int ret = socket_set_nodelay(fd);
         if (ret < 0) {
-            error_report("%s", strerror(errno));
+            warn_report("can't set TCP_NODELAY: %s", strerror(errno));
         }
     }
 
diff --git a/block/vpc.c b/block/vpc.c
index bf294ab..984187c 100644
--- a/block/vpc.c
+++ b/block/vpc.c
@@ -284,9 +284,11 @@ static int vpc_open(BlockDriverState *bs, QDict *options, int flags,
 
     checksum = be32_to_cpu(footer->checksum);
     footer->checksum = 0;
-    if (vpc_checksum(s->footer_buf, HEADER_SIZE) != checksum)
-        fprintf(stderr, "block-vpc: The header checksum of '%s' is "
-            "incorrect.\n", bs->filename);
+    if (vpc_checksum(s->footer_buf, HEADER_SIZE) != checksum) {
+        error_setg(errp, "Incorrect header checksum");
+        ret = -EINVAL;
+        goto fail;
+    }
 
     /* Write 'checksum' back to footer, or else will leave it with zero. */
     footer->checksum = cpu_to_be32(checksum);
diff --git a/blockdev.c b/blockdev.c
index a8755bd..574adbc 100644
--- a/blockdev.c
+++ b/blockdev.c
@@ -759,7 +759,8 @@ QemuOptsList qemu_legacy_drive_opts = {
     },
 };
 
-DriveInfo *drive_new(QemuOpts *all_opts, BlockInterfaceType block_default_type)
+DriveInfo *drive_new(QemuOpts *all_opts, BlockInterfaceType block_default_type,
+                     Error **errp)
 {
     const char *value;
     BlockBackend *blk;
@@ -808,7 +809,7 @@ DriveInfo *drive_new(QemuOpts *all_opts, BlockInterfaceType block_default_type)
         qemu_opt_rename(all_opts, opt_renames[i].from, opt_renames[i].to,
                         &local_err);
         if (local_err) {
-            error_report_err(local_err);
+            error_propagate(errp, local_err);
             return NULL;
         }
     }
@@ -819,7 +820,7 @@ DriveInfo *drive_new(QemuOpts *all_opts, BlockInterfaceType block_default_type)
         bool writethrough;
 
         if (bdrv_parse_cache_mode(value, &flags, &writethrough) != 0) {
-            error_report("invalid cache option");
+            error_setg(errp, "invalid cache option");
             return NULL;
         }
 
@@ -847,7 +848,7 @@ DriveInfo *drive_new(QemuOpts *all_opts, BlockInterfaceType block_default_type)
                                    &error_abort);
     qemu_opts_absorb_qdict(legacy_opts, bs_opts, &local_err);
     if (local_err) {
-        error_report_err(local_err);
+        error_propagate(errp, local_err);
         goto fail;
     }
 
@@ -860,7 +861,7 @@ DriveInfo *drive_new(QemuOpts *all_opts, BlockInterfaceType block_default_type)
             media = MEDIA_CDROM;
             read_only = true;
         } else {
-            error_report("'%s' invalid media", value);
+            error_setg(errp, "'%s' invalid media", value);
             goto fail;
         }
     }
@@ -885,7 +886,7 @@ DriveInfo *drive_new(QemuOpts *all_opts, BlockInterfaceType block_default_type)
              type++) {
         }
         if (type == IF_COUNT) {
-            error_report("unsupported bus type '%s'", value);
+            error_setg(errp, "unsupported bus type '%s'", value);
             goto fail;
         }
     } else {
@@ -902,7 +903,7 @@ DriveInfo *drive_new(QemuOpts *all_opts, BlockInterfaceType block_default_type)
 
     if (index != -1) {
         if (bus_id != 0 || unit_id != -1) {
-            error_report("index cannot be used with bus and unit");
+            error_setg(errp, "index cannot be used with bus and unit");
             goto fail;
         }
         bus_id = drive_index_to_bus_id(type, index);
@@ -921,13 +922,13 @@ DriveInfo *drive_new(QemuOpts *all_opts, BlockInterfaceType block_default_type)
     }
 
     if (max_devs && unit_id >= max_devs) {
-        error_report("unit %d too big (max is %d)", unit_id, max_devs - 1);
+        error_setg(errp, "unit %d too big (max is %d)", unit_id, max_devs - 1);
         goto fail;
     }
 
     if (drive_get(type, bus_id, unit_id) != NULL) {
-        error_report("drive with bus=%d, unit=%d (index=%d) exists",
-                     bus_id, unit_id, index);
+        error_setg(errp, "drive with bus=%d, unit=%d (index=%d) exists",
+                   bus_id, unit_id, index);
         goto fail;
     }
 
@@ -970,7 +971,7 @@ DriveInfo *drive_new(QemuOpts *all_opts, BlockInterfaceType block_default_type)
     if (werror != NULL) {
         if (type != IF_IDE && type != IF_SCSI && type != IF_VIRTIO &&
             type != IF_NONE) {
-            error_report("werror is not supported by this bus type");
+            error_setg(errp, "werror is not supported by this bus type");
             goto fail;
         }
         qdict_put_str(bs_opts, "werror", werror);
@@ -980,7 +981,7 @@ DriveInfo *drive_new(QemuOpts *all_opts, BlockInterfaceType block_default_type)
     if (rerror != NULL) {
         if (type != IF_IDE && type != IF_VIRTIO && type != IF_SCSI &&
             type != IF_NONE) {
-            error_report("rerror is not supported by this bus type");
+            error_setg(errp, "rerror is not supported by this bus type");
             goto fail;
         }
         qdict_put_str(bs_opts, "rerror", rerror);
@@ -991,7 +992,7 @@ DriveInfo *drive_new(QemuOpts *all_opts, BlockInterfaceType block_default_type)
     bs_opts = NULL;
     if (!blk) {
         if (local_err) {
-            error_report_err(local_err);
+            error_propagate(errp, local_err);
         }
         goto fail;
     } else {
diff --git a/chardev/char-pty.c b/chardev/char-pty.c
index e8d9a53..f681d63 100644
--- a/chardev/char-pty.c
+++ b/chardev/char-pty.c
@@ -259,7 +259,7 @@ static void char_pty_open(Chardev *chr,
     qemu_set_nonblock(master_fd);
 
     chr->filename = g_strdup_printf("pty:%s", pty_name);
-    error_report("char device redirected to %s (label %s)",
+    error_printf("char device redirected to %s (label %s)\n",
                  pty_name, chr->label);
 
     s = PTY_CHARDEV(chr);
diff --git a/chardev/char.c b/chardev/char.c
index e115166..7f07a1b 100644
--- a/chardev/char.c
+++ b/chardev/char.c
@@ -634,7 +634,7 @@ Chardev *qemu_chr_new_from_opts(QemuOpts *opts, Error **errp)
 
         chardev_name_foreach(help_string_append, str);
 
-        error_report("Available chardev backend types: %s", str->str);
+        error_printf("Available chardev backend types: %s\n", str->str);
         g_string_free(str, true);
         return NULL;
     }
diff --git a/cpus.c b/cpus.c
index bb2a511..3978f63 100644
--- a/cpus.c
+++ b/cpus.c
@@ -211,12 +211,12 @@ void qemu_tcg_configure(QemuOpts *opts, Error **errp)
                 error_setg(errp, "No MTTCG when icount is enabled");
             } else {
 #ifndef TARGET_SUPPORTS_MTTCG
-                error_report("Guest not yet converted to MTTCG - "
-                             "you may get unexpected results");
+                warn_report("Guest not yet converted to MTTCG - "
+                            "you may get unexpected results");
 #endif
                 if (!check_tcg_memory_orders_compatible()) {
-                    error_report("Guest expects a stronger memory ordering "
-                                 "than the host provides");
+                    warn_report("Guest expects a stronger memory ordering "
+                                "than the host provides");
                     error_printf("This may cause strange/hard to debug errors\n");
                 }
                 mttcg_enabled = true;
diff --git a/device-hotplug.c b/device-hotplug.c
index cd427e2..6090d5f 100644
--- a/device-hotplug.c
+++ b/device-hotplug.c
@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@
 #include "sysemu/block-backend.h"
 #include "sysemu/blockdev.h"
 #include "qapi/qmp/qdict.h"
+#include "qapi/error.h"
 #include "qemu/config-file.h"
 #include "qemu/option.h"
 #include "sysemu/sysemu.h"
@@ -36,6 +37,7 @@
 
 static DriveInfo *add_init_drive(const char *optstr)
 {
+    Error *err = NULL;
     DriveInfo *dinfo;
     QemuOpts *opts;
     MachineClass *mc;
@@ -45,8 +47,9 @@ static DriveInfo *add_init_drive(const char *optstr)
         return NULL;
 
     mc = MACHINE_GET_CLASS(current_machine);
-    dinfo = drive_new(opts, mc->block_default_type);
+    dinfo = drive_new(opts, mc->block_default_type, &err);
     if (!dinfo) {
+        error_report_err(err);
         qemu_opts_del(opts);
         return NULL;
     }
diff --git a/fsdev/qemu-fsdev-dummy.c b/fsdev/qemu-fsdev-dummy.c
index 6dc0fbc..489cd29 100644
--- a/fsdev/qemu-fsdev-dummy.c
+++ b/fsdev/qemu-fsdev-dummy.c
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
 #include "qemu/config-file.h"
 #include "qemu/module.h"
 
-int qemu_fsdev_add(QemuOpts *opts)
+int qemu_fsdev_add(QemuOpts *opts, Error **errp)
 {
     return 0;
 }
diff --git a/fsdev/qemu-fsdev.c b/fsdev/qemu-fsdev.c
index 8a4afbf..7a3b87c 100644
--- a/fsdev/qemu-fsdev.c
+++ b/fsdev/qemu-fsdev.c
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ static FsDriverTable FsDrivers[] = {
     { .name = "proxy", .ops = &proxy_ops},
 };
 
-int qemu_fsdev_add(QemuOpts *opts)
+int qemu_fsdev_add(QemuOpts *opts, Error **errp)
 {
     int i;
     struct FsDriverListEntry *fsle;
@@ -38,10 +38,9 @@ int qemu_fsdev_add(QemuOpts *opts)
     const char *fsdriver = qemu_opt_get(opts, "fsdriver");
     const char *writeout = qemu_opt_get(opts, "writeout");
     bool ro = qemu_opt_get_bool(opts, "readonly", 0);
-    Error *local_err = NULL;
 
     if (!fsdev_id) {
-        error_report("fsdev: No id specified");
+        error_setg(errp, "fsdev: No id specified");
         return -1;
     }
 
@@ -53,11 +52,11 @@ int qemu_fsdev_add(QemuOpts *opts)
         }
 
         if (i == ARRAY_SIZE(FsDrivers)) {
-            error_report("fsdev: fsdriver %s not found", fsdriver);
+            error_setg(errp, "fsdev: fsdriver %s not found", fsdriver);
             return -1;
         }
     } else {
-        error_report("fsdev: No fsdriver specified");
+        error_setg(errp, "fsdev: No fsdriver specified");
         return -1;
     }
 
@@ -76,8 +75,7 @@ int qemu_fsdev_add(QemuOpts *opts)
     }
 
     if (fsle->fse.ops->parse_opts) {
-        if (fsle->fse.ops->parse_opts(opts, &fsle->fse, &local_err)) {
-            error_report_err(local_err);
+        if (fsle->fse.ops->parse_opts(opts, &fsle->fse, errp)) {
             g_free(fsle->fse.fsdev_id);
             g_free(fsle);
             return -1;
diff --git a/fsdev/qemu-fsdev.h b/fsdev/qemu-fsdev.h
index 65e4b1c..d9716b4 100644
--- a/fsdev/qemu-fsdev.h
+++ b/fsdev/qemu-fsdev.h
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ typedef struct FsDriverListEntry {
     QTAILQ_ENTRY(FsDriverListEntry) next;
 } FsDriverListEntry;
 
-int qemu_fsdev_add(QemuOpts *opts);
+int qemu_fsdev_add(QemuOpts *opts, Error **errp);
 FsDriverEntry *get_fsdev_fsentry(char *id);
 extern FileOperations local_ops;
 extern FileOperations handle_ops;
diff --git a/hw/9pfs/9p-handle.c b/hw/9pfs/9p-handle.c
index f3641db..3465b1e 100644
--- a/hw/9pfs/9p-handle.c
+++ b/hw/9pfs/9p-handle.c
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@
 #include <grp.h>
 #include <sys/socket.h>
 #include <sys/un.h>
+#include "qapi/error.h"
 #include "qemu/xattr.h"
 #include "qemu/cutils.h"
 #include "qemu/error-report.h"
@@ -655,12 +656,13 @@ static int handle_parse_opts(QemuOpts *opts, FsDriverEntry *fse, Error **errp)
     warn_report("handle backend is deprecated");
 
     if (sec_model) {
-        error_report("Invalid argument security_model specified with handle fsdriver");
+        error_setg(errp,
+                   "Invalid argument security_model specified with handle fsdriver");
         return -1;
     }
 
     if (!path) {
-        error_report("fsdev: No path specified");
+        error_setg(errp, "fsdev: No path specified");
         return -1;
     }
     fse->path = g_strdup(path);
diff --git a/hw/9pfs/9p-local.c b/hw/9pfs/9p-local.c
index c30f4f2..08e673a 100644
--- a/hw/9pfs/9p-local.c
+++ b/hw/9pfs/9p-local.c
@@ -1509,8 +1509,8 @@ static int local_parse_opts(QemuOpts *opts, FsDriverEntry *fse, Error **errp)
 
     fsdev_throttle_parse_opts(opts, &fse->fst, &local_err);
     if (local_err) {
-        error_propagate(errp, local_err);
-        error_prepend(errp, "invalid throttle configuration: ");
+        error_propagate_prepend(errp, local_err,
+                                "invalid throttle configuration: ");
         return -1;
     }
 
diff --git a/hw/9pfs/xen-9p-backend.c b/hw/9pfs/xen-9p-backend.c
index 6026780..3f54a21 100644
--- a/hw/9pfs/xen-9p-backend.c
+++ b/hw/9pfs/xen-9p-backend.c
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@
 #include "hw/9pfs/9p.h"
 #include "hw/xen/xen_backend.h"
 #include "hw/9pfs/xen-9pfs.h"
+#include "qapi/error.h"
 #include "qemu/config-file.h"
 #include "qemu/option.h"
 #include "fsdev/qemu-fsdev.h"
@@ -355,6 +356,7 @@ static int xen_9pfs_free(struct XenDevice *xendev)
 
 static int xen_9pfs_connect(struct XenDevice *xendev)
 {
+    Error *err = NULL;
     int i;
     Xen9pfsDev *xen_9pdev = container_of(xendev, Xen9pfsDev, xendev);
     V9fsState *s = &xen_9pdev->state;
@@ -452,7 +454,10 @@ static int xen_9pfs_connect(struct XenDevice *xendev)
     qemu_opt_set(fsdev, "path", xen_9pdev->path, NULL);
     qemu_opt_set(fsdev, "security_model", xen_9pdev->security_model, NULL);
     qemu_opts_set_id(fsdev, s->fsconf.fsdev_id);
-    qemu_fsdev_add(fsdev);
+    qemu_fsdev_add(fsdev, &err);
+    if (err) {
+        error_report_err(err);
+    }
     v9fs_device_realize_common(s, &xen_9p_transport, NULL);
 
     return 0;
diff --git a/hw/display/cg3.c b/hw/display/cg3.c
index 1c199ab..e50d97e 100644
--- a/hw/display/cg3.c
+++ b/hw/display/cg3.c
@@ -307,7 +307,7 @@ static void cg3_realizefn(DeviceState *dev, Error **errp)
         ret = load_image_mr(fcode_filename, &s->rom);
         g_free(fcode_filename);
         if (ret < 0 || ret > FCODE_MAX_ROM_SIZE) {
-            error_report("cg3: could not load prom '%s'", CG3_ROM_FILE);
+            warn_report("cg3: could not load prom '%s'", CG3_ROM_FILE);
         }
     }
 
diff --git a/hw/display/tcx.c b/hw/display/tcx.c
index b2786ee..66f2459 100644
--- a/hw/display/tcx.c
+++ b/hw/display/tcx.c
@@ -823,7 +823,7 @@ static void tcx_realizefn(DeviceState *dev, Error **errp)
         ret = load_image_mr(fcode_filename, &s->rom);
         g_free(fcode_filename);
         if (ret < 0 || ret > FCODE_MAX_ROM_SIZE) {
-            error_report("tcx: could not load prom '%s'", TCX_ROM_FILE);
+            warn_report("tcx: could not load prom '%s'", TCX_ROM_FILE);
         }
     }
 
diff --git a/hw/i386/pc.c b/hw/i386/pc.c
index cd5029c..eab8572 100644
--- a/hw/i386/pc.c
+++ b/hw/i386/pc.c
@@ -2209,8 +2209,9 @@ static void pc_machine_set_nvdimm_persistence(Object *obj, const char *value,
     else if (strcmp(value, "mem-ctrl") == 0)
         nvdimm_state->persistence = 2;
     else {
-        error_report("-machine nvdimm-persistence=%s: unsupported option", value);
-        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+        error_setg(errp, "-machine nvdimm-persistence=%s: unsupported option",
+                   value);
+        return;
     }
 
     g_free(nvdimm_state->persistence_string);
diff --git a/hw/intc/ioapic.c b/hw/intc/ioapic.c
index b6896ac..4e52972 100644
--- a/hw/intc/ioapic.c
+++ b/hw/intc/ioapic.c
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@
  */
 
 #include "qemu/osdep.h"
-#include "qemu/error-report.h"
+#include "qapi/error.h"
 #include "monitor/monitor.h"
 #include "hw/hw.h"
 #include "hw/i386/pc.h"
@@ -393,9 +393,9 @@ static void ioapic_realize(DeviceState *dev, Error **errp)
     IOAPICCommonState *s = IOAPIC_COMMON(dev);
 
     if (s->version != 0x11 && s->version != 0x20) {
-        error_report("IOAPIC only supports version 0x11 or 0x20 "
-                     "(default: 0x%x).", IOAPIC_VER_DEF);
-        exit(1);
+        error_setg(errp, "IOAPIC only supports version 0x11 or 0x20 "
+                   "(default: 0x%x).", IOAPIC_VER_DEF);
+        return;
     }
 
     memory_region_init_io(&s->io_memory, OBJECT(s), &ioapic_io_ops, s,
diff --git a/hw/intc/xics.c b/hw/intc/xics.c
index c90c893..406efee 100644
--- a/hw/intc/xics.c
+++ b/hw/intc/xics.c
@@ -320,8 +320,9 @@ static void icp_realize(DeviceState *dev, Error **errp)
 
     obj = object_property_get_link(OBJECT(dev), ICP_PROP_XICS, &err);
     if (!obj) {
-        error_propagate(errp, err);
-        error_prepend(errp, "required link '" ICP_PROP_XICS "' not found: ");
+        error_propagate_prepend(errp, err,
+                                "required link '" ICP_PROP_XICS
+                                "' not found: ");
         return;
     }
 
@@ -329,8 +330,9 @@ static void icp_realize(DeviceState *dev, Error **errp)
 
     obj = object_property_get_link(OBJECT(dev), ICP_PROP_CPU, &err);
     if (!obj) {
-        error_propagate(errp, err);
-        error_prepend(errp, "required link '" ICP_PROP_CPU "' not found: ");
+        error_propagate_prepend(errp, err,
+                                "required link '" ICP_PROP_CPU
+                                "' not found: ");
         return;
     }
 
@@ -624,8 +626,9 @@ static void ics_base_realize(DeviceState *dev, Error **errp)
 
     obj = object_property_get_link(OBJECT(dev), ICS_PROP_XICS, &err);
     if (!obj) {
-        error_propagate(errp, err);
-        error_prepend(errp, "required link '" ICS_PROP_XICS "' not found: ");
+        error_propagate_prepend(errp, err,
+                                "required link '" ICS_PROP_XICS
+                                "' not found: ");
         return;
     }
     ics->xics = XICS_FABRIC(obj);
diff --git a/hw/intc/xics_kvm.c b/hw/intc/xics_kvm.c
index 30c3769..e8fa9a5 100644
--- a/hw/intc/xics_kvm.c
+++ b/hw/intc/xics_kvm.c
@@ -198,17 +198,12 @@ static void ics_get_kvm_state(ICSState *ics)
 {
     uint64_t state;
     int i;
-    Error *local_err = NULL;
 
     for (i = 0; i < ics->nr_irqs; i++) {
         ICSIRQState *irq = &ics->irqs[i];
 
         kvm_device_access(kernel_xics_fd, KVM_DEV_XICS_GRP_SOURCES,
-                          i + ics->offset, &state, false, &local_err);
-        if (local_err) {
-            error_report_err(local_err);
-            exit(1);
-        }
+                          i + ics->offset, &state, false, &error_fatal);
 
         irq->server = state & KVM_XICS_DESTINATION_MASK;
         irq->saved_priority = (state >> KVM_XICS_PRIORITY_SHIFT)
diff --git a/hw/misc/ivshmem.c b/hw/misc/ivshmem.c
index 8cb17b9..f88910e 100644
--- a/hw/misc/ivshmem.c
+++ b/hw/misc/ivshmem.c
@@ -1288,8 +1288,8 @@ static void ivshmem_realize(PCIDevice *dev, Error **errp)
     IVShmemState *s = IVSHMEM_COMMON(dev);
 
     if (!qtest_enabled()) {
-        error_report("ivshmem is deprecated, please use ivshmem-plain"
-                     " or ivshmem-doorbell instead");
+        warn_report("ivshmem is deprecated, please use ivshmem-plain"
+                    " or ivshmem-doorbell instead");
     }
 
     if (qemu_chr_fe_backend_connected(&s->server_chr) + !!s->shmobj != 1) {
diff --git a/hw/net/virtio-net.c b/hw/net/virtio-net.c
index 4bdd5b8..385b1a0 100644
--- a/hw/net/virtio-net.c
+++ b/hw/net/virtio-net.c
@@ -2020,10 +2020,10 @@ static void virtio_net_device_realize(DeviceState *dev, Error **errp)
 
     if (n->net_conf.tx && strcmp(n->net_conf.tx, "timer")
                        && strcmp(n->net_conf.tx, "bh")) {
-        error_report("virtio-net: "
-                     "Unknown option tx=%s, valid options: \"timer\" \"bh\"",
-                     n->net_conf.tx);
-        error_report("Defaulting to \"bh\"");
+        warn_report("virtio-net: "
+                    "Unknown option tx=%s, valid options: \"timer\" \"bh\"",
+                    n->net_conf.tx);
+        error_printf("Defaulting to \"bh\"");
     }
 
     n->net_conf.tx_queue_size = MIN(virtio_net_max_tx_queue_size(n),
diff --git a/hw/ppc/pnv_core.c b/hw/ppc/pnv_core.c
index 9750464..ad1bcc7 100644
--- a/hw/ppc/pnv_core.c
+++ b/hw/ppc/pnv_core.c
@@ -148,8 +148,8 @@ static void pnv_core_realize(DeviceState *dev, Error **errp)
 
     chip = object_property_get_link(OBJECT(dev), "chip", &local_err);
     if (!chip) {
-        error_propagate(errp, local_err);
-        error_prepend(errp, "required link 'chip' not found: ");
+        error_propagate_prepend(errp, local_err,
+                                "required link 'chip' not found: ");
         return;
     }
 
diff --git a/hw/ppc/spapr_pci.c b/hw/ppc/spapr_pci.c
index c2271e6..58afa46 100644
--- a/hw/ppc/spapr_pci.c
+++ b/hw/ppc/spapr_pci.c
@@ -1724,16 +1724,15 @@ static void spapr_phb_realize(DeviceState *dev, Error **errp)
         if (smc->legacy_irq_allocation) {
             irq = spapr_irq_findone(spapr, &local_err);
             if (local_err) {
-                error_propagate(errp, local_err);
-                error_prepend(errp, "can't allocate LSIs: ");
+                error_propagate_prepend(errp, local_err,
+                                        "can't allocate LSIs: ");
                 return;
             }
         }
 
         spapr_irq_claim(spapr, irq, true, &local_err);
         if (local_err) {
-            error_propagate(errp, local_err);
-            error_prepend(errp, "can't allocate LSIs: ");
+            error_propagate_prepend(errp, local_err, "can't allocate LSIs: ");
             return;
         }
 
diff --git a/hw/smbios/smbios.c b/hw/smbios/smbios.c
index a27e54b..9209394 100644
--- a/hw/smbios/smbios.c
+++ b/hw/smbios/smbios.c
@@ -950,6 +950,7 @@ static void save_opt_list(size_t *ndest, const char ***dest,
 
 void smbios_entry_add(QemuOpts *opts, Error **errp)
 {
+    Error *err = NULL;
     const char *val;
 
     assert(!smbios_immutable);
@@ -960,12 +961,16 @@ void smbios_entry_add(QemuOpts *opts, Error **errp)
         int size;
         struct smbios_table *table; /* legacy mode only */
 
-        qemu_opts_validate(opts, qemu_smbios_file_opts, &error_fatal);
+        qemu_opts_validate(opts, qemu_smbios_file_opts, &err);
+        if (err) {
+            error_propagate(errp, err);
+            return;
+        }
 
         size = get_image_size(val);
         if (size == -1 || size < sizeof(struct smbios_structure_header)) {
-            error_report("Cannot read SMBIOS file %s", val);
-            exit(1);
+            error_setg(errp, "Cannot read SMBIOS file %s", val);
+            return;
         }
 
         /*
@@ -978,14 +983,15 @@ void smbios_entry_add(QemuOpts *opts, Error **errp)
                                                     smbios_tables_len);
 
         if (load_image(val, (uint8_t *)header) != size) {
-            error_report("Failed to load SMBIOS file %s", val);
-            exit(1);
+            error_setg(errp, "Failed to load SMBIOS file %s", val);
+            return;
         }
 
         if (test_bit(header->type, have_fields_bitmap)) {
-            error_report("can't load type %d struct, fields already specified!",
-                         header->type);
-            exit(1);
+            error_setg(errp,
+                       "can't load type %d struct, fields already specified!",
+                       header->type);
+            return;
         }
         set_bit(header->type, have_binfile_bitmap);
 
@@ -1030,19 +1036,23 @@ void smbios_entry_add(QemuOpts *opts, Error **errp)
         unsigned long type = strtoul(val, NULL, 0);
 
         if (type > SMBIOS_MAX_TYPE) {
-            error_report("out of range!");
-            exit(1);
+            error_setg(errp, "out of range!");
+            return;
         }
 
         if (test_bit(type, have_binfile_bitmap)) {
-            error_report("can't add fields, binary file already loaded!");
-            exit(1);
+            error_setg(errp, "can't add fields, binary file already loaded!");
+            return;
         }
         set_bit(type, have_fields_bitmap);
 
         switch (type) {
         case 0:
-            qemu_opts_validate(opts, qemu_smbios_type0_opts, &error_fatal);
+            qemu_opts_validate(opts, qemu_smbios_type0_opts, &err);
+            if (err) {
+                error_propagate(errp, err);
+                return;
+            }
             save_opt(&type0.vendor, opts, "vendor");
             save_opt(&type0.version, opts, "version");
             save_opt(&type0.date, opts, "date");
@@ -1051,14 +1061,18 @@ void smbios_entry_add(QemuOpts *opts, Error **errp)
             val = qemu_opt_get(opts, "release");
             if (val) {
                 if (sscanf(val, "%hhu.%hhu", &type0.major, &type0.minor) != 2) {
-                    error_report("Invalid release");
-                    exit(1);
+                    error_setg(errp, "Invalid release");
+                    return;
                 }
                 type0.have_major_minor = true;
             }
             return;
         case 1:
-            qemu_opts_validate(opts, qemu_smbios_type1_opts, &error_fatal);
+            qemu_opts_validate(opts, qemu_smbios_type1_opts, &err);
+            if (err) {
+                error_propagate(errp, err);
+                return;
+            }
             save_opt(&type1.manufacturer, opts, "manufacturer");
             save_opt(&type1.product, opts, "product");
             save_opt(&type1.version, opts, "version");
@@ -1069,14 +1083,18 @@ void smbios_entry_add(QemuOpts *opts, Error **errp)
             val = qemu_opt_get(opts, "uuid");
             if (val) {
                 if (qemu_uuid_parse(val, &qemu_uuid) != 0) {
-                    error_report("Invalid UUID");
-                    exit(1);
+                    error_setg(errp, "Invalid UUID");
+                    return;
                 }
                 qemu_uuid_set = true;
             }
             return;
         case 2:
-            qemu_opts_validate(opts, qemu_smbios_type2_opts, &error_fatal);
+            qemu_opts_validate(opts, qemu_smbios_type2_opts, &err);
+            if (err) {
+                error_propagate(errp, err);
+                return;
+            }
             save_opt(&type2.manufacturer, opts, "manufacturer");
             save_opt(&type2.product, opts, "product");
             save_opt(&type2.version, opts, "version");
@@ -1085,7 +1103,11 @@ void smbios_entry_add(QemuOpts *opts, Error **errp)
             save_opt(&type2.location, opts, "location");
             return;
         case 3:
-            qemu_opts_validate(opts, qemu_smbios_type3_opts, &error_fatal);
+            qemu_opts_validate(opts, qemu_smbios_type3_opts, &err);
+            if (err) {
+                error_propagate(errp, err);
+                return;
+            }
             save_opt(&type3.manufacturer, opts, "manufacturer");
             save_opt(&type3.version, opts, "version");
             save_opt(&type3.serial, opts, "serial");
@@ -1093,7 +1115,11 @@ void smbios_entry_add(QemuOpts *opts, Error **errp)
             save_opt(&type3.sku, opts, "sku");
             return;
         case 4:
-            qemu_opts_validate(opts, qemu_smbios_type4_opts, &error_fatal);
+            qemu_opts_validate(opts, qemu_smbios_type4_opts, &err);
+            if (err) {
+                error_propagate(errp, err);
+                return;
+            }
             save_opt(&type4.sock_pfx, opts, "sock_pfx");
             save_opt(&type4.manufacturer, opts, "manufacturer");
             save_opt(&type4.version, opts, "version");
@@ -1102,11 +1128,19 @@ void smbios_entry_add(QemuOpts *opts, Error **errp)
             save_opt(&type4.part, opts, "part");
             return;
         case 11:
-            qemu_opts_validate(opts, qemu_smbios_type11_opts, &error_fatal);
+            qemu_opts_validate(opts, qemu_smbios_type11_opts, &err);
+            if (err) {
+                error_propagate(errp, err);
+                return;
+            }
             save_opt_list(&type11.nvalues, &type11.values, opts, "value");
             return;
         case 17:
-            qemu_opts_validate(opts, qemu_smbios_type17_opts, &error_fatal);
+            qemu_opts_validate(opts, qemu_smbios_type17_opts, &err);
+            if (err) {
+                error_propagate(errp, err);
+                return;
+            }
             save_opt(&type17.loc_pfx, opts, "loc_pfx");
             save_opt(&type17.bank, opts, "bank");
             save_opt(&type17.manufacturer, opts, "manufacturer");
@@ -1116,12 +1150,12 @@ void smbios_entry_add(QemuOpts *opts, Error **errp)
             type17.speed = qemu_opt_get_number(opts, "speed", 0);
             return;
         default:
-            error_report("Don't know how to build fields for SMBIOS type %ld",
-                         type);
-            exit(1);
+            error_setg(errp,
+                       "Don't know how to build fields for SMBIOS type %ld",
+                       type);
+            return;
         }
     }
 
-    error_report("Must specify type= or file=");
-    exit(1);
+    error_setg(errp, "Must specify type= or file=");
 }
diff --git a/hw/timer/aspeed_timer.c b/hw/timer/aspeed_timer.c
index 54b400b..5c786e5 100644
--- a/hw/timer/aspeed_timer.c
+++ b/hw/timer/aspeed_timer.c
@@ -454,8 +454,7 @@ static void aspeed_timer_realize(DeviceState *dev, Error **errp)
 
     obj = object_property_get_link(OBJECT(dev), "scu", &err);
     if (!obj) {
-        error_propagate(errp, err);
-        error_prepend(errp, "required link 'scu' not found: ");
+        error_propagate_prepend(errp, err, "required link 'scu' not found: ");
         return;
     }
     s->scu = ASPEED_SCU(obj);
diff --git a/hw/usb/bus.c b/hw/usb/bus.c
index 11f7720..bf796d6 100644
--- a/hw/usb/bus.c
+++ b/hw/usb/bus.c
@@ -340,8 +340,9 @@ static USBDevice *usb_try_create_simple(USBBus *bus, const char *name,
     }
     object_property_set_bool(OBJECT(dev), true, "realized", &err);
     if (err) {
-        error_propagate(errp, err);
-        error_prepend(errp, "Failed to initialize USB device '%s': ", name);
+        error_propagate_prepend(errp, err,
+                                "Failed to initialize USB device '%s': ",
+                                name);
         return NULL;
     }
     return dev;
diff --git a/hw/vfio/pci-quirks.c b/hw/vfio/pci-quirks.c
index 481fd08..eae31c7 100644
--- a/hw/vfio/pci-quirks.c
+++ b/hw/vfio/pci-quirks.c
@@ -1670,7 +1670,7 @@ static void vfio_probe_igd_bar4_quirk(VFIOPCIDevice *vdev, int nr)
      * but also no point in us enabling VGA if disabled in hardware.
      */
     if (!(gmch & 0x2) && !vdev->vga && vfio_populate_vga(vdev, &err)) {
-        error_reportf_err(err, ERR_PREFIX, vdev->vbasedev.name);
+        error_reportf_err(err, VFIO_MSG_PREFIX, vdev->vbasedev.name);
         error_report("IGD device %s failed to enable VGA access, "
                      "legacy mode disabled", vdev->vbasedev.name);
         goto out;
@@ -1696,7 +1696,7 @@ static void vfio_probe_igd_bar4_quirk(VFIOPCIDevice *vdev, int nr)
     ret = vfio_pci_igd_opregion_init(vdev, opregion, &err);
     if (ret) {
         error_append_hint(&err, "IGD legacy mode disabled\n");
-        error_reportf_err(err, ERR_PREFIX, vdev->vbasedev.name);
+        error_reportf_err(err, VFIO_MSG_PREFIX, vdev->vbasedev.name);
         goto out;
     }
 
diff --git a/hw/vfio/pci.c b/hw/vfio/pci.c
index 8b73582..5c7bd96 100644
--- a/hw/vfio/pci.c
+++ b/hw/vfio/pci.c
@@ -252,7 +252,7 @@ static void vfio_intx_update(PCIDevice *pdev)
 
     vfio_intx_enable_kvm(vdev, &err);
     if (err) {
-        error_reportf_err(err, WARN_PREFIX, vdev->vbasedev.name);
+        warn_reportf_err(err, VFIO_MSG_PREFIX, vdev->vbasedev.name);
     }
 
     /* Re-enable the interrupt in cased we missed an EOI */
@@ -317,7 +317,7 @@ static int vfio_intx_enable(VFIOPCIDevice *vdev, Error **errp)
 
     vfio_intx_enable_kvm(vdev, &err);
     if (err) {
-        error_reportf_err(err, WARN_PREFIX, vdev->vbasedev.name);
+        warn_reportf_err(err, VFIO_MSG_PREFIX, vdev->vbasedev.name);
     }
 
     vdev->interrupt = VFIO_INT_INTx;
@@ -745,7 +745,7 @@ static void vfio_msi_disable_common(VFIOPCIDevice *vdev)
 
     vfio_intx_enable(vdev, &err);
     if (err) {
-        error_reportf_err(err, ERR_PREFIX, vdev->vbasedev.name);
+        error_reportf_err(err, VFIO_MSG_PREFIX, vdev->vbasedev.name);
     }
 }
 
@@ -1283,8 +1283,7 @@ static int vfio_msi_setup(VFIOPCIDevice *vdev, int pos, Error **errp)
         if (ret == -ENOTSUP) {
             return 0;
         }
-        error_prepend(&err, "msi_init failed: ");
-        error_propagate(errp, err);
+        error_propagate_prepend(errp, err, "msi_init failed: ");
         return ret;
     }
     vdev->msi_cap_size = 0xa + (msi_maskbit ? 0xa : 0) + (msi_64bit ? 0x4 : 0);
@@ -1558,7 +1557,7 @@ static int vfio_msix_setup(VFIOPCIDevice *vdev, int pos, Error **errp)
                     &err);
     if (ret < 0) {
         if (ret == -ENOTSUP) {
-            error_report_err(err);
+            warn_report_err(err);
             return 0;
         }
 
@@ -2197,7 +2196,7 @@ static void vfio_pci_post_reset(VFIOPCIDevice *vdev)
 
     vfio_intx_enable(vdev, &err);
     if (err) {
-        error_reportf_err(err, ERR_PREFIX, vdev->vbasedev.name);
+        error_reportf_err(err, VFIO_MSG_PREFIX, vdev->vbasedev.name);
     }
 
     for (nr = 0; nr < PCI_NUM_REGIONS - 1; ++nr) {
@@ -2591,9 +2590,9 @@ static void vfio_populate_device(VFIOPCIDevice *vdev, Error **errp)
     } else if (irq_info.count == 1) {
         vdev->pci_aer = true;
     } else {
-        error_report(WARN_PREFIX
-                     "Could not enable error recovery for the device",
-                     vbasedev->name);
+        warn_report(VFIO_MSG_PREFIX
+                    "Could not enable error recovery for the device",
+                    vbasedev->name);
     }
 }
 
@@ -2718,7 +2717,7 @@ static void vfio_req_notifier_handler(void *opaque)
 
     qdev_unplug(&vdev->pdev.qdev, &err);
     if (err) {
-        error_reportf_err(err, WARN_PREFIX, vdev->vbasedev.name);
+        warn_reportf_err(err, VFIO_MSG_PREFIX, vdev->vbasedev.name);
     }
 }
 
@@ -2831,7 +2830,7 @@ static void vfio_realize(PCIDevice *pdev, Error **errp)
 
     if (stat(vdev->vbasedev.sysfsdev, &st) < 0) {
         error_setg_errno(errp, errno, "no such host device");
-        error_prepend(errp, ERR_PREFIX, vdev->vbasedev.sysfsdev);
+        error_prepend(errp, VFIO_MSG_PREFIX, vdev->vbasedev.sysfsdev);
         return;
     }
 
@@ -3086,7 +3085,7 @@ out_teardown:
     vfio_teardown_msi(vdev);
     vfio_bars_exit(vdev);
 error:
-    error_prepend(errp, ERR_PREFIX, vdev->vbasedev.name);
+    error_prepend(errp, VFIO_MSG_PREFIX, vdev->vbasedev.name);
 }
 
 static void vfio_instance_finalize(Object *obj)
diff --git a/hw/vfio/platform.c b/hw/vfio/platform.c
index 64c1af6..398db38 100644
--- a/hw/vfio/platform.c
+++ b/hw/vfio/platform.c
@@ -679,8 +679,8 @@ static void vfio_platform_realize(DeviceState *dev, Error **errp)
 
     for (i = 0; i < vbasedev->num_regions; i++) {
         if (vfio_region_mmap(vdev->regions[i])) {
-            error_report("%s mmap unsupported. Performance may be slow",
-                         memory_region_name(vdev->regions[i]->mem));
+            warn_report("%s mmap unsupported, performance may be slow",
+                        memory_region_name(vdev->regions[i]->mem));
         }
         sysbus_init_mmio(sbdev, vdev->regions[i]->mem);
     }
@@ -690,7 +690,7 @@ out:
     }
 
     if (vdev->vbasedev.name) {
-        error_prepend(errp, ERR_PREFIX, vdev->vbasedev.name);
+        error_prepend(errp, VFIO_MSG_PREFIX, vdev->vbasedev.name);
     } else {
         error_prepend(errp, "vfio error: ");
     }
diff --git a/hw/virtio/virtio-pci.c b/hw/virtio/virtio-pci.c
index 3a01fe9..a954799 100644
--- a/hw/virtio/virtio-pci.c
+++ b/hw/virtio/virtio-pci.c
@@ -1683,8 +1683,8 @@ static void virtio_pci_device_plugged(DeviceState *d, Error **errp)
         if (err) {
             /* Notice when a system that supports MSIx can't initialize it */
             if (err != -ENOTSUP) {
-                error_report("unable to init msix vectors to %" PRIu32,
-                             proxy->nvectors);
+                warn_report("unable to init msix vectors to %" PRIu32,
+                            proxy->nvectors);
             }
             proxy->nvectors = 0;
         }
diff --git a/hw/xen/xen_pt.c b/hw/xen/xen_pt.c
index e5a6eff..f1f3a37 100644
--- a/hw/xen/xen_pt.c
+++ b/hw/xen/xen_pt.c
@@ -830,7 +830,7 @@ static void xen_pt_realize(PCIDevice *d, Error **errp)
     xen_pt_config_init(s, &err);
     if (err) {
         error_append_hint(&err, "PCI Config space initialisation failed");
-        error_report_err(err);
+        error_propagate(errp, err);
         rc = -1;
         goto err_out;
     }
diff --git a/include/hw/vfio/vfio-common.h b/include/hw/vfio/vfio-common.h
index e46a289..1b434d0 100644
--- a/include/hw/vfio/vfio-common.h
+++ b/include/hw/vfio/vfio-common.h
@@ -31,8 +31,7 @@
 #include <linux/vfio.h>
 #endif
 
-#define ERR_PREFIX "vfio error: %s: "
-#define WARN_PREFIX "vfio warning: %s: "
+#define VFIO_MSG_PREFIX "vfio %s: "
 
 enum {
     VFIO_DEVICE_TYPE_PCI = 0,
diff --git a/include/qapi/error.h b/include/qapi/error.h
index bcb86a7..51b63dd 100644
--- a/include/qapi/error.h
+++ b/include/qapi/error.h
@@ -52,8 +52,12 @@
  * where Error **errp is a parameter, by convention the last one.
  *
  * Pass an existing error to the caller with the message modified:
+ *     error_propagate_prepend(errp, err);
+ *
+ * Avoid
  *     error_propagate(errp, err);
  *     error_prepend(errp, "Could not frobnicate '%s': ", name);
+ * because this fails to prepend when @errp is &error_fatal.
  *
  * Create a new error and pass it to the caller:
  *     error_setg(errp, "situation normal, all fouled up");
@@ -215,6 +219,16 @@ void error_setg_win32_internal(Error **errp,
  */
 void error_propagate(Error **dst_errp, Error *local_err);
 
+
+/*
+ * Propagate error object (if any) with some text prepended.
+ * Behaves like
+ *     error_prepend(&local_err, fmt, ...);
+ *     error_propagate(dst_errp, local_err);
+ */
+void error_propagate_prepend(Error **dst_errp, Error *local_err,
+                             const char *fmt, ...);
+
 /*
  * Prepend some text to @errp's human-readable error message.
  * The text is made by formatting @fmt, @ap like vprintf().
diff --git a/include/qapi/qmp/qerror.h b/include/qapi/qmp/qerror.h
index 145571f..7c76e24 100644
--- a/include/qapi/qmp/qerror.h
+++ b/include/qapi/qmp/qerror.h
@@ -79,6 +79,9 @@
 #define QERR_QGA_COMMAND_FAILED \
     "Guest agent command failed, error was '%s'"
 
+#define QERR_REPLAY_NOT_SUPPORTED \
+    "Record/replay feature is not supported for '%s'"
+
 #define QERR_SET_PASSWD_FAILED \
     "Could not set password"
 
@@ -88,7 +91,4 @@
 #define QERR_UNSUPPORTED \
     "this feature or command is not currently supported"
 
-#define QERR_REPLAY_NOT_SUPPORTED \
-    "Record/replay feature is not supported for '%s'"
-
 #endif /* QERROR_H */
diff --git a/include/sysemu/blockdev.h b/include/sysemu/blockdev.h
index 24954b9..d34c492 100644
--- a/include/sysemu/blockdev.h
+++ b/include/sysemu/blockdev.h
@@ -54,7 +54,8 @@ DriveInfo *drive_get_next(BlockInterfaceType type);
 QemuOpts *drive_def(const char *optstr);
 QemuOpts *drive_add(BlockInterfaceType type, int index, const char *file,
                     const char *optstr);
-DriveInfo *drive_new(QemuOpts *arg, BlockInterfaceType block_default_type);
+DriveInfo *drive_new(QemuOpts *arg, BlockInterfaceType block_default_type,
+                     Error **errp);
 
 /* device-hotplug */
 
diff --git a/include/sysemu/numa.h b/include/sysemu/numa.h
index 7a0ae75..21713b7 100644
--- a/include/sysemu/numa.h
+++ b/include/sysemu/numa.h
@@ -22,7 +22,6 @@ struct NumaNodeMem {
 };
 
 extern NodeInfo numa_info[MAX_NODES];
-int parse_numa(void *opaque, QemuOpts *opts, Error **errp);
 void parse_numa_opts(MachineState *ms);
 void numa_complete_configuration(MachineState *ms);
 void query_numa_node_mem(NumaNodeMem node_mem[]);
diff --git a/include/sysemu/tpm.h b/include/sysemu/tpm.h
index 9ae1ab6..17a97ed 100644
--- a/include/sysemu/tpm.h
+++ b/include/sysemu/tpm.h
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@
 #include "qom/object.h"
 
 int tpm_config_parse(QemuOptsList *opts_list, const char *optarg);
-int tpm_init(void);
+void tpm_init(void);
 void tpm_cleanup(void);
 
 typedef enum TPMVersion {
diff --git a/include/ui/console.h b/include/ui/console.h
index fb969ca..c17803c 100644
--- a/include/ui/console.h
+++ b/include/ui/console.h
@@ -453,7 +453,7 @@ void qemu_display_early_init(DisplayOptions *opts);
 void qemu_display_init(DisplayState *ds, DisplayOptions *opts);
 
 /* vnc.c */
-void vnc_display_init(const char *id);
+void vnc_display_init(const char *id, Error **errp);
 void vnc_display_open(const char *id, Error **errp);
 void vnc_display_add_client(const char *id, int csock, bool skipauth);
 int vnc_display_password(const char *id, const char *password);
diff --git a/migration/migration.c b/migration/migration.c
index 7696729..8b36e7f 100644
--- a/migration/migration.c
+++ b/migration/migration.c
@@ -1577,9 +1577,9 @@ static GSList *migration_blockers;
 int migrate_add_blocker(Error *reason, Error **errp)
 {
     if (migrate_get_current()->only_migratable) {
-        error_propagate(errp, error_copy(reason));
-        error_prepend(errp, "disallowing migration blocker "
-                          "(--only_migratable) for: ");
+        error_propagate_prepend(errp, error_copy(reason),
+                                "disallowing migration blocker "
+                                "(--only_migratable) for: ");
         return -EACCES;
     }
 
@@ -1588,9 +1588,9 @@ int migrate_add_blocker(Error *reason, Error **errp)
         return 0;
     }
 
-    error_propagate(errp, error_copy(reason));
-    error_prepend(errp, "disallowing migration blocker (migration in "
-                      "progress) for: ");
+    error_propagate_prepend(errp, error_copy(reason),
+                            "disallowing migration blocker "
+                            "(migration in progress) for: ");
     return -EBUSY;
 }
 
diff --git a/migration/savevm.c b/migration/savevm.c
index e4caff9..9992af4 100644
--- a/migration/savevm.c
+++ b/migration/savevm.c
@@ -2453,8 +2453,8 @@ int save_snapshot(const char *name, Error **errp)
     AioContext *aio_context;
 
     if (!replay_can_snapshot()) {
-        error_report("Record/replay does not allow making snapshot "
-                     "right now. Try once more later.");
+        error_setg(errp, "Record/replay does not allow making snapshot "
+                   "right now. Try once more later.");
         return ret;
     }
 
@@ -2650,8 +2650,8 @@ int load_snapshot(const char *name, Error **errp)
     MigrationIncomingState *mis = migration_incoming_get_current();
 
     if (!replay_can_snapshot()) {
-        error_report("Record/replay does not allow loading snapshot "
-                     "right now. Try once more later.");
+        error_setg(errp, "Record/replay does not allow loading snapshot "
+                   "right now. Try once more later.");
         return -EINVAL;
     }
 
diff --git a/net/l2tpv3.c b/net/l2tpv3.c
index 6745b78..81db24d 100644
--- a/net/l2tpv3.c
+++ b/net/l2tpv3.c
@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@
 #include <netdb.h>
 #include "net/net.h"
 #include "clients.h"
+#include "qapi/error.h"
 #include "qemu-common.h"
 #include "qemu/error-report.h"
 #include "qemu/option.h"
@@ -528,7 +529,6 @@ int net_init_l2tpv3(const Netdev *netdev,
                     const char *name,
                     NetClientState *peer, Error **errp)
 {
-    /* FIXME error_setg(errp, ...) on failure */
     const NetdevL2TPv3Options *l2tpv3;
     NetL2TPV3State *s;
     NetClientState *nc;
@@ -555,7 +555,7 @@ int net_init_l2tpv3(const Netdev *netdev,
     }
 
     if ((l2tpv3->has_offset) && (l2tpv3->offset > 256)) {
-        error_report("l2tpv3_open : offset must be less than 256 bytes");
+        error_setg(errp, "offset must be less than 256 bytes");
         goto outerr;
     }
 
@@ -563,6 +563,8 @@ int net_init_l2tpv3(const Netdev *netdev,
         if (l2tpv3->has_rxcookie && l2tpv3->has_txcookie) {
             s->cookie = true;
         } else {
+            error_setg(errp,
+                       "require both 'rxcookie' and 'txcookie' or neither");
             goto outerr;
         }
     } else {
@@ -578,7 +580,7 @@ int net_init_l2tpv3(const Netdev *netdev,
     if (l2tpv3->has_udp && l2tpv3->udp) {
         s->udp = true;
         if (!(l2tpv3->has_srcport && l2tpv3->has_dstport)) {
-            error_report("l2tpv3_open : need both src and dst port for udp");
+            error_setg(errp, "need both src and dst port for udp");
             goto outerr;
         } else {
             srcport = l2tpv3->srcport;
@@ -639,20 +641,19 @@ int net_init_l2tpv3(const Netdev *netdev,
     gairet = getaddrinfo(l2tpv3->src, srcport, &hints, &result);
 
     if ((gairet != 0) || (result == NULL)) {
-        error_report(
-            "l2tpv3_open : could not resolve src, errno = %s",
-            gai_strerror(gairet)
-        );
+        error_setg(errp, "could not resolve src, errno = %s",
+                   gai_strerror(gairet));
         goto outerr;
     }
     fd = socket(result->ai_family, result->ai_socktype, result->ai_protocol);
     if (fd == -1) {
         fd = -errno;
-        error_report("l2tpv3_open : socket creation failed, errno = %d", -fd);
+        error_setg(errp, "socket creation failed, errno = %d",
+                   -fd);
         goto outerr;
     }
     if (bind(fd, (struct sockaddr *) result->ai_addr, result->ai_addrlen)) {
-        error_report("l2tpv3_open :  could not bind socket err=%i", errno);
+        error_setg(errp, "could not bind socket err=%i", errno);
         goto outerr;
     }
     if (result) {
@@ -677,10 +678,8 @@ int net_init_l2tpv3(const Netdev *netdev,
     result = NULL;
     gairet = getaddrinfo(l2tpv3->dst, dstport, &hints, &result);
     if ((gairet != 0) || (result == NULL)) {
-        error_report(
-            "l2tpv3_open : could not resolve dst, error = %s",
-            gai_strerror(gairet)
-        );
+        error_setg(errp, "could not resolve dst, error = %s",
+                   gai_strerror(gairet));
         goto outerr;
     }
 
diff --git a/net/socket.c b/net/socket.c
index 6917fbc..90ef351 100644
--- a/net/socket.c
+++ b/net/socket.c
@@ -453,8 +453,8 @@ static NetSocketState *net_socket_fd_init(NetClientState *peer,
     case SOCK_STREAM:
         return net_socket_fd_init_stream(peer, model, name, fd, is_connected);
     default:
-        error_report("socket type=%d for fd=%d must be either"
-                     " SOCK_DGRAM or SOCK_STREAM", so_type, fd);
+        error_setg(errp, "socket type=%d for fd=%d must be either"
+                   " SOCK_DGRAM or SOCK_STREAM", so_type, fd);
         closesocket(fd);
     }
     return NULL;
diff --git a/numa.c b/numa.c
index 81542d4..50ec016 100644
--- a/numa.c
+++ b/numa.c
@@ -60,6 +60,7 @@ NodeInfo numa_info[MAX_NODES];
 static void parse_numa_node(MachineState *ms, NumaNodeOptions *node,
                             Error **errp)
 {
+    Error *err = NULL;
     uint16_t nodenr;
     uint16List *cpus = NULL;
     MachineClass *mc = MACHINE_GET_CLASS(ms);
@@ -82,8 +83,8 @@ static void parse_numa_node(MachineState *ms, NumaNodeOptions *node,
     }
 
     if (!mc->cpu_index_to_instance_props || !mc->get_default_cpu_node_id) {
-        error_report("NUMA is not supported by this machine-type");
-        exit(1);
+        error_setg(errp, "NUMA is not supported by this machine-type");
+        return;
     }
     for (cpus = node->cpus; cpus; cpus = cpus->next) {
         CpuInstanceProperties props;
@@ -97,7 +98,11 @@ static void parse_numa_node(MachineState *ms, NumaNodeOptions *node,
         props = mc->cpu_index_to_instance_props(ms, cpus->value);
         props.node_id = nodenr;
         props.has_node_id = true;
-        machine_set_cpu_numa_node(ms, &props, &error_fatal);
+        machine_set_cpu_numa_node(ms, &props, &err);
+        if (err) {
+            error_propagate(errp, err);
+            return;
+        }
     }
 
     if (node->has_mem && node->has_memdev) {
@@ -210,7 +215,7 @@ end:
     error_propagate(errp, err);
 }
 
-int parse_numa(void *opaque, QemuOpts *opts, Error **errp)
+static int parse_numa(void *opaque, QemuOpts *opts, Error **errp)
 {
     NumaOptions *object = NULL;
     MachineState *ms = MACHINE(opaque);
@@ -234,7 +239,7 @@ int parse_numa(void *opaque, QemuOpts *opts, Error **errp)
 end:
     qapi_free_NumaOptions(object);
     if (err) {
-        error_report_err(err);
+        error_propagate(errp, err);
         return -1;
     }
 
@@ -367,7 +372,7 @@ void numa_complete_configuration(MachineState *ms)
     if (ms->ram_slots > 0 && nb_numa_nodes == 0 &&
         mc->auto_enable_numa_with_memhp) {
             NumaNodeOptions node = { };
-            parse_numa_node(ms, &node, NULL);
+            parse_numa_node(ms, &node, &error_abort);
     }
 
     assert(max_numa_nodeid <= MAX_NODES);
@@ -439,9 +444,7 @@ void numa_complete_configuration(MachineState *ms)
 
 void parse_numa_opts(MachineState *ms)
 {
-    if (qemu_opts_foreach(qemu_find_opts("numa"), parse_numa, ms, NULL)) {
-        exit(1);
-    }
+    qemu_opts_foreach(qemu_find_opts("numa"), parse_numa, ms, &error_fatal);
 }
 
 void qmp_set_numa_node(NumaOptions *cmd, Error **errp)
diff --git a/qemu-io.c b/qemu-io.c
index 13829f5..6df7731 100644
--- a/qemu-io.c
+++ b/qemu-io.c
@@ -620,11 +620,9 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv)
         exit(1);
     }
 
-    if (qemu_opts_foreach(&qemu_object_opts,
-                          user_creatable_add_opts_foreach,
-                          NULL, NULL)) {
-        exit(1);
-    }
+    qemu_opts_foreach(&qemu_object_opts,
+                      user_creatable_add_opts_foreach,
+                      NULL, &error_fatal);
 
     if (!trace_init_backends()) {
         exit(1);
diff --git a/qemu-nbd.c b/qemu-nbd.c
index e76fe30..ca71096 100644
--- a/qemu-nbd.c
+++ b/qemu-nbd.c
@@ -766,11 +766,9 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv)
         exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
     }
 
-    if (qemu_opts_foreach(&qemu_object_opts,
-                          user_creatable_add_opts_foreach,
-                          NULL, NULL)) {
-        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
-    }
+    qemu_opts_foreach(&qemu_object_opts,
+                      user_creatable_add_opts_foreach,
+                      NULL, &error_fatal);
 
     if (!trace_init_backends()) {
         exit(1);
@@ -1002,11 +1000,7 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv)
     }
 
     exp = nbd_export_new(bs, dev_offset, fd_size, nbdflags, nbd_export_closed,
-                         writethrough, NULL, &local_err);
-    if (!exp) {
-        error_report_err(local_err);
-        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
-    }
+                         writethrough, NULL, &error_fatal);
     nbd_export_set_name(exp, export_name);
     nbd_export_set_description(exp, export_description);
 
diff --git a/qemu-seccomp.c b/qemu-seccomp.c
index 1baa5c6..5c73e6a 100644
--- a/qemu-seccomp.c
+++ b/qemu-seccomp.c
@@ -12,11 +12,12 @@
  * Contributions after 2012-01-13 are licensed under the terms of the
  * GNU GPL, version 2 or (at your option) any later version.
  */
+
 #include "qemu/osdep.h"
+#include "qapi/error.h"
 #include "qemu/config-file.h"
 #include "qemu/option.h"
 #include "qemu/module.h"
-#include "qemu/error-report.h"
 #include <sys/prctl.h>
 #include <seccomp.h>
 #include "sysemu/seccomp.h"
@@ -190,7 +191,7 @@ int parse_sandbox(void *opaque, QemuOpts *opts, Error **errp)
                  * to provide a little bit of consistency for
                  * the command line */
             } else {
-                error_report("invalid argument for obsolete");
+                error_setg(errp, "invalid argument for obsolete");
                 return -1;
             }
         }
@@ -205,14 +206,13 @@ int parse_sandbox(void *opaque, QemuOpts *opts, Error **errp)
                 /* calling prctl directly because we're
                  * not sure if host has CAP_SYS_ADMIN set*/
                 if (prctl(PR_SET_NO_NEW_PRIVS, 1)) {
-                    error_report("failed to set no_new_privs "
-                                 "aborting");
+                    error_setg(errp, "failed to set no_new_privs aborting");
                     return -1;
                 }
             } else if (g_str_equal(value, "allow")) {
                 /* default value */
             } else {
-                error_report("invalid argument for elevateprivileges");
+                error_setg(errp, "invalid argument for elevateprivileges");
                 return -1;
             }
         }
@@ -224,7 +224,7 @@ int parse_sandbox(void *opaque, QemuOpts *opts, Error **errp)
             } else if (g_str_equal(value, "allow")) {
                 /* default value */
             } else {
-                error_report("invalid argument for spawn");
+                error_setg(errp, "invalid argument for spawn");
                 return -1;
             }
         }
@@ -236,14 +236,14 @@ int parse_sandbox(void *opaque, QemuOpts *opts, Error **errp)
             } else if (g_str_equal(value, "allow")) {
                 /* default value */
             } else {
-                error_report("invalid argument for resourcecontrol");
+                error_setg(errp, "invalid argument for resourcecontrol");
                 return -1;
             }
         }
 
         if (seccomp_start(seccomp_opts) < 0) {
-            error_report("failed to install seccomp syscall filter "
-                         "in the kernel");
+            error_setg(errp, "failed to install seccomp syscall filter "
+                       "in the kernel");
             return -1;
         }
     }
diff --git a/qom/object_interfaces.c b/qom/object_interfaces.c
index 941fd63..97b79b4 100644
--- a/qom/object_interfaces.c
+++ b/qom/object_interfaces.c
@@ -143,7 +143,6 @@ int user_creatable_add_opts_foreach(void *opaque, QemuOpts *opts, Error **errp)
 {
     bool (*type_opt_predicate)(const char *, QemuOpts *) = opaque;
     Object *obj = NULL;
-    Error *err = NULL;
     const char *type;
 
     type = qemu_opt_get(opts, "qom-type");
@@ -152,9 +151,8 @@ int user_creatable_add_opts_foreach(void *opaque, QemuOpts *opts, Error **errp)
         return 0;
     }
 
-    obj = user_creatable_add_opts(opts, &err);
+    obj = user_creatable_add_opts(opts, errp);
     if (!obj) {
-        error_report_err(err);
         return -1;
     }
     object_unref(obj);
diff --git a/scripts/check-qerror.sh b/scripts/check-qerror.sh
deleted file mode 100755
index af7fbd5..0000000
--- a/scripts/check-qerror.sh
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,22 +0,0 @@
-#!/bin/sh
-# This script verifies that qerror definitions and table entries are
-# alphabetically ordered.
-
-check_order() {
-  errmsg=$1
-  shift
-
-  # sort -C verifies order but does not print a message.  sort -c does print a
-  # message.  These options are both in POSIX.
-  if ! "$@" | sort -C; then
-    echo "$errmsg"
-    "$@" | sort -c
-    exit 1
-  fi
-  return 0
-}
-
-check_order 'Definitions in qerror.h must be in alphabetical order:' \
-            grep '^#define QERR_' qerror.h
-check_order 'Entries in qerror.c:qerror_table must be in alphabetical order:' \
-            sed -n '/^static.*qerror_table\[\]/,/^};/s/QERR_/&/gp' qerror.c
diff --git a/scripts/coccinelle/use-error_fatal.cocci b/scripts/coccinelle/use-error_fatal.cocci
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..10fff0a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/scripts/coccinelle/use-error_fatal.cocci
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+@@
+type T;
+identifier FUN, RET;
+expression list ARGS;
+expression ERR, EC, FAIL;
+@@
+(
+-    T RET = FUN(ARGS, &ERR);
++    T RET = FUN(ARGS, &error_fatal);
+|
+-    RET = FUN(ARGS, &ERR);
++    RET = FUN(ARGS, &error_fatal);
+|
+-    FUN(ARGS, &ERR);
++    FUN(ARGS, &error_fatal);
+)
+-    if (FAIL) {
+-        error_report_err(ERR);
+-        exit(EC);
+-    }
diff --git a/stubs/tpm.c b/stubs/tpm.c
index 6729bc8..80939cd 100644
--- a/stubs/tpm.c
+++ b/stubs/tpm.c
@@ -9,9 +9,8 @@
 #include "qapi/qapi-commands-tpm.h"
 #include "sysemu/tpm.h"
 
-int tpm_init(void)
+void tpm_init(void)
 {
-    return 0;
 }
 
 void tpm_cleanup(void)
diff --git a/target/i386/cpu.c b/target/i386/cpu.c
index f0d9f7c..1469a1b 100644
--- a/target/i386/cpu.c
+++ b/target/i386/cpu.c
@@ -5123,14 +5123,15 @@ static void x86_cpu_realizefn(DeviceState *dev, Error **errp)
      * NOTE: the following code has to follow qemu_init_vcpu(). Otherwise
      * cs->nr_threads hasn't be populated yet and the checking is incorrect.
      */
-     if (IS_AMD_CPU(env) &&
-         !(env->features[FEAT_8000_0001_ECX] & CPUID_EXT3_TOPOEXT) &&
-         cs->nr_threads > 1 && !ht_warned) {
-            error_report("This family of AMD CPU doesn't support "
-                         "hyperthreading(%d). Please configure -smp "
-                         "options properly or try enabling topoext feature.",
-                         cs->nr_threads);
-        ht_warned = true;
+    if (IS_AMD_CPU(env) &&
+        !(env->features[FEAT_8000_0001_ECX] & CPUID_EXT3_TOPOEXT) &&
+        cs->nr_threads > 1 && !ht_warned) {
+            warn_report("This family of AMD CPU doesn't support "
+                        "hyperthreading(%d)",
+                        cs->nr_threads);
+            error_printf("Please configure -smp options properly"
+                         " or try enabling topoext feature.\n");
+            ht_warned = true;
     }
 
     x86_cpu_apic_realize(cpu, &local_err);
diff --git a/target/ppc/translate_init.inc.c b/target/ppc/translate_init.inc.c
index 263e63c..ee9432e 100644
--- a/target/ppc/translate_init.inc.c
+++ b/target/ppc/translate_init.inc.c
@@ -8381,8 +8381,8 @@ static void getset_compat_deprecated(Object *obj, Visitor *v, const char *name,
     QNull *null = NULL;
 
     if (!qtest_enabled()) {
-        error_report("CPU 'compat' property is deprecated and has no effect; "
-                     "use max-cpu-compat machine property instead");
+        warn_report("CPU 'compat' property is deprecated and has no effect; "
+                    "use max-cpu-compat machine property instead");
     }
     visit_type_null(v, name, &null, NULL);
     qobject_unref(null);
diff --git a/tests/qemu-iotests/049.out b/tests/qemu-iotests/049.out
index 0871bff..6b50540 100644
--- a/tests/qemu-iotests/049.out
+++ b/tests/qemu-iotests/049.out
@@ -95,35 +95,31 @@ qemu-img create -f qcow2 TEST_DIR/t.qcow2 -- -1024
 qemu-img: Image size must be less than 8 EiB!
 
 qemu-img create -f qcow2 -o size=-1024 TEST_DIR/t.qcow2
-qemu-img: Value '-1024' is out of range for parameter 'size'
-qemu-img: TEST_DIR/t.qcow2: Invalid options for file format 'qcow2'
+qemu-img: TEST_DIR/t.qcow2: Value '-1024' is out of range for parameter 'size'
 
 qemu-img create -f qcow2 TEST_DIR/t.qcow2 -- -1k
 qemu-img: Image size must be less than 8 EiB!
 
 qemu-img create -f qcow2 -o size=-1k TEST_DIR/t.qcow2
-qemu-img: Value '-1k' is out of range for parameter 'size'
-qemu-img: TEST_DIR/t.qcow2: Invalid options for file format 'qcow2'
+qemu-img: TEST_DIR/t.qcow2: Value '-1k' is out of range for parameter 'size'
 
 qemu-img create -f qcow2 TEST_DIR/t.qcow2 -- 1kilobyte
 qemu-img: Invalid image size specified! You may use k, M, G, T, P or E suffixes for
 qemu-img: kilobytes, megabytes, gigabytes, terabytes, petabytes and exabytes.
 
 qemu-img create -f qcow2 -o size=1kilobyte TEST_DIR/t.qcow2
-qemu-img: Parameter 'size' expects a non-negative number below 2^64
+qemu-img: TEST_DIR/t.qcow2: Parameter 'size' expects a non-negative number below 2^64
 Optional suffix k, M, G, T, P or E means kilo-, mega-, giga-, tera-, peta-
 and exabytes, respectively.
-qemu-img: TEST_DIR/t.qcow2: Invalid options for file format 'qcow2'
 
 qemu-img create -f qcow2 TEST_DIR/t.qcow2 -- foobar
 qemu-img: Invalid image size specified! You may use k, M, G, T, P or E suffixes for
 qemu-img: kilobytes, megabytes, gigabytes, terabytes, petabytes and exabytes.
 
 qemu-img create -f qcow2 -o size=foobar TEST_DIR/t.qcow2
-qemu-img: Parameter 'size' expects a non-negative number below 2^64
+qemu-img: TEST_DIR/t.qcow2: Parameter 'size' expects a non-negative number below 2^64
 Optional suffix k, M, G, T, P or E means kilo-, mega-, giga-, tera-, peta-
 and exabytes, respectively.
-qemu-img: TEST_DIR/t.qcow2: Invalid options for file format 'qcow2'
 
 == Check correct interpretation of suffixes for cluster size ==
 
diff --git a/tpm.c b/tpm.c
index 9303172..9c9e20b 100644
--- a/tpm.c
+++ b/tpm.c
@@ -89,19 +89,19 @@ static int tpm_init_tpmdev(void *dummy, QemuOpts *opts, Error **errp)
     int i;
 
     if (!QLIST_EMPTY(&tpm_backends)) {
-        error_report("Only one TPM is allowed.");
+        error_setg(errp, "Only one TPM is allowed.");
         return 1;
     }
 
     id = qemu_opts_id(opts);
     if (id == NULL) {
-        error_report(QERR_MISSING_PARAMETER, "id");
+        error_setg(errp, QERR_MISSING_PARAMETER, "id");
         return 1;
     }
 
     value = qemu_opt_get(opts, "type");
     if (!value) {
-        error_report(QERR_MISSING_PARAMETER, "type");
+        error_setg(errp, QERR_MISSING_PARAMETER, "type");
         tpm_display_backend_drivers();
         return 1;
     }
@@ -109,8 +109,8 @@ static int tpm_init_tpmdev(void *dummy, QemuOpts *opts, Error **errp)
     i = qapi_enum_parse(&TpmType_lookup, value, -1, NULL);
     be = i >= 0 ? tpm_be_find_by_type(i) : NULL;
     if (be == NULL) {
-        error_report(QERR_INVALID_PARAMETER_VALUE,
-                     "type", "a TPM backend type");
+        error_setg(errp, QERR_INVALID_PARAMETER_VALUE, "type",
+                   "a TPM backend type");
         tpm_display_backend_drivers();
         return 1;
     }
@@ -118,7 +118,7 @@ static int tpm_init_tpmdev(void *dummy, QemuOpts *opts, Error **errp)
     /* validate backend specific opts */
     qemu_opts_validate(opts, be->opts, &local_err);
     if (local_err) {
-        error_report_err(local_err);
+        error_propagate(errp, local_err);
         return 1;
     }
 
@@ -151,14 +151,10 @@ void tpm_cleanup(void)
  * Initialize the TPM. Process the tpmdev command line options describing the
  * TPM backend.
  */
-int tpm_init(void)
+void tpm_init(void)
 {
-    if (qemu_opts_foreach(qemu_find_opts("tpmdev"),
-                          tpm_init_tpmdev, NULL, NULL)) {
-        return -1;
-    }
-
-    return 0;
+    qemu_opts_foreach(qemu_find_opts("tpmdev"),
+                      tpm_init_tpmdev, NULL, &error_fatal);
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/ui/curses.c b/ui/curses.c
index 59d819f..f4e7a12 100644
--- a/ui/curses.c
+++ b/ui/curses.c
@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@
 #include <termios.h>
 #endif
 
+#include "qapi/error.h"
 #include "qemu-common.h"
 #include "ui/console.h"
 #include "ui/input.h"
@@ -421,9 +422,8 @@ static void curses_keyboard_setup(void)
         keyboard_layout = "en-us";
 #endif
     if(keyboard_layout) {
-        kbd_layout = init_keyboard_layout(name2keysym, keyboard_layout);
-        if (!kbd_layout)
-            exit(1);
+        kbd_layout = init_keyboard_layout(name2keysym, keyboard_layout,
+                                          &error_fatal);
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/ui/keymaps.c b/ui/keymaps.c
index 43fe604..085889b 100644
--- a/ui/keymaps.c
+++ b/ui/keymaps.c
@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@
 #include "sysemu/sysemu.h"
 #include "trace.h"
 #include "qemu/error-report.h"
+#include "qapi/error.h"
 
 struct keysym2code {
     uint32_t count;
@@ -79,10 +80,11 @@ static void add_keysym(char *line, int keysym, int keycode, kbd_layout_t *k)
     trace_keymap_add(keysym, keycode, line);
 }
 
-static kbd_layout_t *parse_keyboard_layout(const name2keysym_t *table,
-                                           const char *language,
-                                           kbd_layout_t *k)
+static int parse_keyboard_layout(kbd_layout_t *k,
+                                 const name2keysym_t *table,
+                                 const char *language, Error **errp)
 {
+    int ret;
     FILE *f;
     char * filename;
     char line[1024];
@@ -94,13 +96,8 @@ static kbd_layout_t *parse_keyboard_layout(const name2keysym_t *table,
     f = filename ? fopen(filename, "r") : NULL;
     g_free(filename);
     if (!f) {
-        fprintf(stderr, "Could not read keymap file: '%s'\n", language);
-        return NULL;
-    }
-
-    if (!k) {
-        k = g_new0(kbd_layout_t, 1);
-        k->hash = g_hash_table_new(NULL, NULL);
+        error_setg(errp, "could not read keymap file: '%s'", language);
+        return -1;
     }
 
     for(;;) {
@@ -118,7 +115,10 @@ static kbd_layout_t *parse_keyboard_layout(const name2keysym_t *table,
             continue;
         }
         if (!strncmp(line, "include ", 8)) {
-            parse_keyboard_layout(table, line + 8, k);
+            if (parse_keyboard_layout(k, table, line + 8, errp) < 0) {
+                ret = -1;
+                goto out;
+            }
         } else {
             int offset = 0;
             while (line[offset] != 0 &&
@@ -164,15 +164,27 @@ static kbd_layout_t *parse_keyboard_layout(const name2keysym_t *table,
             }
         }
     }
+
+    ret = 0;
+out:
     fclose(f);
-    return k;
+    return ret;
 }
 
 
 kbd_layout_t *init_keyboard_layout(const name2keysym_t *table,
-                                   const char *language)
+                                   const char *language, Error **errp)
 {
-    return parse_keyboard_layout(table, language, NULL);
+    kbd_layout_t *k;
+
+    k = g_new0(kbd_layout_t, 1);
+    k->hash = g_hash_table_new(NULL, NULL);
+    if (parse_keyboard_layout(k, table, language, errp) < 0) {
+        g_hash_table_unref(k->hash);
+        g_free(k);
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    return k;
 }
 
 
diff --git a/ui/keymaps.h b/ui/keymaps.h
index 0693588..98213a4 100644
--- a/ui/keymaps.h
+++ b/ui/keymaps.h
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ typedef struct {
 typedef struct kbd_layout_t kbd_layout_t;
 
 kbd_layout_t *init_keyboard_layout(const name2keysym_t *table,
-                                   const char *language);
+                                   const char *language, Error **errp);
 int keysym2scancode(kbd_layout_t *k, int keysym,
                     bool shift, bool altgr, bool ctrl);
 int keycode_is_keypad(kbd_layout_t *k, int keycode);
diff --git a/ui/sdl.c b/ui/sdl.c
index a5fd503..190b16f 100644
--- a/ui/sdl.c
+++ b/ui/sdl.c
@@ -29,6 +29,7 @@
 #include <SDL.h>
 #include <SDL_syswm.h>
 
+#include "qapi/error.h"
 #include "qemu-common.h"
 #include "qemu/cutils.h"
 #include "ui/console.h"
@@ -917,9 +918,8 @@ static void sdl1_display_init(DisplayState *ds, DisplayOptions *o)
         keyboard_layout = "en-us";
 #endif
     if(keyboard_layout) {
-        kbd_layout = init_keyboard_layout(name2keysym, keyboard_layout);
-        if (!kbd_layout)
-            exit(1);
+        kbd_layout = init_keyboard_layout(name2keysym, keyboard_layout,
+                                          &error_fatal);
     }
 
     g_printerr("Running QEMU with SDL 1.2 is deprecated, and will be removed\n"
diff --git a/ui/spice-core.c b/ui/spice-core.c
index a4fbbc3..ebaae24 100644
--- a/ui/spice-core.c
+++ b/ui/spice-core.c
@@ -597,9 +597,9 @@ static int add_channel(void *opaque, const char *name, const char *value,
     if (strcmp(name, "tls-channel") == 0) {
         int *tls_port = opaque;
         if (!*tls_port) {
-            error_report("spice: tried to setup tls-channel"
-                         " without specifying a TLS port");
-            exit(1);
+            error_setg(errp, "spice: tried to setup tls-channel"
+                       " without specifying a TLS port");
+            return -1;
         }
         security = SPICE_CHANNEL_SECURITY_SSL;
     }
@@ -615,8 +615,9 @@ static int add_channel(void *opaque, const char *name, const char *value,
         rc = spice_server_set_channel_security(spice_server, value, security);
     }
     if (rc != 0) {
-        error_report("spice: failed to set channel security for %s", value);
-        exit(1);
+        error_setg(errp, "spice: failed to set channel security for %s",
+                   value);
+        return -1;
     }
     return 0;
 }
@@ -787,7 +788,7 @@ void qemu_spice_init(void)
     spice_server_set_playback_compression
         (spice_server, qemu_opt_get_bool(opts, "playback-compression", 1));
 
-    qemu_opt_foreach(opts, add_channel, &tls_port, NULL);
+    qemu_opt_foreach(opts, add_channel, &tls_port, &error_fatal);
 
     spice_server_set_name(spice_server, qemu_name);
     spice_server_set_uuid(spice_server, (unsigned char *)&qemu_uuid);
diff --git a/ui/vnc.c b/ui/vnc.c
index cf221c8..0c1b477 100644
--- a/ui/vnc.c
+++ b/ui/vnc.c
@@ -3205,7 +3205,7 @@ static const DisplayChangeListenerOps dcl_ops = {
     .dpy_cursor_define    = vnc_dpy_cursor_define,
 };
 
-void vnc_display_init(const char *id)
+void vnc_display_init(const char *id, Error **errp)
 {
     VncDisplay *vd;
 
@@ -3222,13 +3222,14 @@ void vnc_display_init(const char *id)
 
     if (keyboard_layout) {
         trace_vnc_key_map_init(keyboard_layout);
-        vd->kbd_layout = init_keyboard_layout(name2keysym, keyboard_layout);
+        vd->kbd_layout = init_keyboard_layout(name2keysym,
+                                              keyboard_layout, errp);
     } else {
-        vd->kbd_layout = init_keyboard_layout(name2keysym, "en-us");
+        vd->kbd_layout = init_keyboard_layout(name2keysym, "en-us", errp);
     }
 
     if (!vd->kbd_layout) {
-        exit(1);
+        return;
     }
 
     vd->share_policy = VNC_SHARE_POLICY_ALLOW_EXCLUSIVE;
@@ -4079,11 +4080,15 @@ int vnc_init_func(void *opaque, QemuOpts *opts, Error **errp)
     char *id = (char *)qemu_opts_id(opts);
 
     assert(id);
-    vnc_display_init(id);
+    vnc_display_init(id, &local_err);
+    if (local_err) {
+        error_propagate(errp, local_err);
+        return -1;
+    }
     vnc_display_open(id, &local_err);
     if (local_err != NULL) {
-        error_reportf_err(local_err, "Failed to start VNC server: ");
-        exit(1);
+        error_propagate(errp, local_err);
+        return -1;
     }
     return 0;
 }
diff --git a/util/error.c b/util/error.c
index 3efdd69..b5ccbd8 100644
--- a/util/error.c
+++ b/util/error.c
@@ -292,3 +292,16 @@ void error_propagate(Error **dst_errp, Error *local_err)
         error_free(local_err);
     }
 }
+
+void error_propagate_prepend(Error **dst_errp, Error *err,
+                             const char *fmt, ...)
+{
+    va_list ap;
+
+    if (dst_errp && !*dst_errp) {
+        va_start(ap, fmt);
+        error_vprepend(&err, fmt, ap);
+        va_end(ap);
+    } /* else error is being ignored, don't bother with prepending */
+    error_propagate(dst_errp, err);
+}
diff --git a/util/qemu-error.c b/util/qemu-error.c
index 4ab428f..fcbe8a1 100644
--- a/util/qemu-error.c
+++ b/util/qemu-error.c
@@ -194,7 +194,6 @@ bool enable_timestamp_msg;
  * Format arguments like vsprintf().  The resulting message should be
  * a single phrase, with no newline or trailing punctuation.
  * Prepend the current location and append a newline.
- * It's wrong to call this in a QMP monitor.  Use error_setg() there.
  */
 static void vreport(report_type type, const char *fmt, va_list ap)
 {
@@ -242,7 +241,6 @@ void error_vreport(const char *fmt, va_list ap)
  * Format arguments like vsprintf().  The resulting message should be
  * a single phrase, with no newline or trailing punctuation.
  * Prepend the current location and append a newline.
- * It's wrong to call this in a QMP monitor.  Use error_setg() there.
  */
 void warn_vreport(const char *fmt, va_list ap)
 {
@@ -255,7 +253,6 @@ void warn_vreport(const char *fmt, va_list ap)
  * Format arguments like vsprintf().  The resulting message should be
  * a single phrase, with no newline or trailing punctuation.
  * Prepend the current location and append a newline.
- * It's wrong to call this in a QMP monitor.  Use error_setg() there.
  */
 void info_vreport(const char *fmt, va_list ap)
 {
@@ -283,7 +280,6 @@ void error_report(const char *fmt, ...)
  * Format arguments like sprintf(). The resulting message should be a
  * single phrase, with no newline or trailing punctuation.
  * Prepend the current location and append a newline.
- * It's wrong to call this in a QMP monitor.  Use error_setg() there.
  */
 void warn_report(const char *fmt, ...)
 {
@@ -300,7 +296,6 @@ void warn_report(const char *fmt, ...)
  * Format arguments like sprintf(). The resulting message should be a
  * single phrase, with no newline or trailing punctuation.
  * Prepend the current location and append a newline.
- * It's wrong to call this in a QMP monitor.  Use error_setg() there.
  */
 void info_report(const char *fmt, ...)
 {
diff --git a/vl.c b/vl.c
index 9c34522..b2a405f 100644
--- a/vl.c
+++ b/vl.c
@@ -1093,12 +1093,12 @@ static int parse_add_fd(void *opaque, QemuOpts *opts, Error **errp)
     fd_opaque = qemu_opt_get(opts, "opaque");
 
     if (fd < 0) {
-        error_report("fd option is required and must be non-negative");
+        error_setg(errp, "fd option is required and must be non-negative");
         return -1;
     }
 
     if (fd <= STDERR_FILENO) {
-        error_report("fd cannot be a standard I/O stream");
+        error_setg(errp, "fd cannot be a standard I/O stream");
         return -1;
     }
 
@@ -1108,12 +1108,12 @@ static int parse_add_fd(void *opaque, QemuOpts *opts, Error **errp)
      */
     flags = fcntl(fd, F_GETFD);
     if (flags == -1 || (flags & FD_CLOEXEC)) {
-        error_report("fd is not valid or already in use");
+        error_setg(errp, "fd is not valid or already in use");
         return -1;
     }
 
     if (fdset_id < 0) {
-        error_report("set option is required and must be non-negative");
+        error_setg(errp, "set option is required and must be non-negative");
         return -1;
     }
 
@@ -1126,7 +1126,7 @@ static int parse_add_fd(void *opaque, QemuOpts *opts, Error **errp)
     }
 #endif
     if (dupfd == -1) {
-        error_report("error duplicating fd: %s", strerror(errno));
+        error_setg(errp, "error duplicating fd: %s", strerror(errno));
         return -1;
     }
 
@@ -1163,7 +1163,7 @@ static int drive_init_func(void *opaque, QemuOpts *opts, Error **errp)
 {
     BlockInterfaceType *block_default_type = opaque;
 
-    return drive_new(opts, *block_default_type) == NULL;
+    return drive_new(opts, *block_default_type, errp) == NULL;
 }
 
 static int drive_enable_snapshot(void *opaque, QemuOpts *opts, Error **errp)
@@ -1189,10 +1189,7 @@ static void default_drive(int enable, int snapshot, BlockInterfaceType type,
         drive_enable_snapshot(NULL, opts, NULL);
     }
 
-    dinfo = drive_new(opts, type);
-    if (!dinfo) {
-        exit(1);
-    }
+    dinfo = drive_new(opts, type, &error_abort);
     dinfo->is_default = true;
 
 }
@@ -2036,15 +2033,10 @@ static void select_vgahw(const char *p)
 
 static void parse_display_qapi(const char *optarg)
 {
-    Error *err = NULL;
     DisplayOptions *opts;
     Visitor *v;
 
-    v = qobject_input_visitor_new_str(optarg, "type", &err);
-    if (!v) {
-        error_report_err(err);
-        exit(1);
-    }
+    v = qobject_input_visitor_new_str(optarg, "type", &error_fatal);
 
     visit_type_DisplayOptions(v, NULL, &opts, &error_fatal);
     QAPI_CLONE_MEMBERS(DisplayOptions, &dpy, opts);
@@ -2213,7 +2205,7 @@ static int parse_fw_cfg(void *opaque, QemuOpts *opts, Error **errp)
     FWCfgState *fw_cfg = (FWCfgState *) opaque;
 
     if (fw_cfg == NULL) {
-        error_report("fw_cfg device not available");
+        error_setg(errp, "fw_cfg device not available");
         return -1;
     }
     name = qemu_opt_get(opts, "name");
@@ -2222,15 +2214,16 @@ static int parse_fw_cfg(void *opaque, QemuOpts *opts, Error **errp)
 
     /* we need name and either a file or the content string */
     if (!(nonempty_str(name) && (nonempty_str(file) || nonempty_str(str)))) {
-        error_report("invalid argument(s)");
+        error_setg(errp, "invalid argument(s)");
         return -1;
     }
     if (nonempty_str(file) && nonempty_str(str)) {
-        error_report("file and string are mutually exclusive");
+        error_setg(errp, "file and string are mutually exclusive");
         return -1;
     }
     if (strlen(name) > FW_CFG_MAX_FILE_PATH - 1) {
-        error_report("name too long (max. %d char)", FW_CFG_MAX_FILE_PATH - 1);
+        error_setg(errp, "name too long (max. %d char)",
+                   FW_CFG_MAX_FILE_PATH - 1);
         return -1;
     }
     if (strncmp(name, "opt/", 4) != 0) {
@@ -2242,7 +2235,7 @@ static int parse_fw_cfg(void *opaque, QemuOpts *opts, Error **errp)
         buf = g_memdup(str, size);
     } else {
         if (!g_file_get_contents(file, &buf, &size, NULL)) {
-            error_report("can't load %s", file);
+            error_setg(errp, "can't load %s", file);
             return -1;
         }
     }
@@ -2260,12 +2253,10 @@ static int device_help_func(void *opaque, QemuOpts *opts, Error **errp)
 
 static int device_init_func(void *opaque, QemuOpts *opts, Error **errp)
 {
-    Error *err = NULL;
     DeviceState *dev;
 
-    dev = qdev_device_add(opts, &err);
+    dev = qdev_device_add(opts, errp);
     if (!dev) {
-        error_report_err(err);
         return -1;
     }
     object_unref(OBJECT(dev));
@@ -2278,7 +2269,7 @@ static int chardev_init_func(void *opaque, QemuOpts *opts, Error **errp)
 
     if (!qemu_chr_new_from_opts(opts, &local_err)) {
         if (local_err) {
-            error_report_err(local_err);
+            error_propagate(errp, local_err);
             return -1;
         }
         exit(0);
@@ -2289,7 +2280,7 @@ static int chardev_init_func(void *opaque, QemuOpts *opts, Error **errp)
 #ifdef CONFIG_VIRTFS
 static int fsdev_init_func(void *opaque, QemuOpts *opts, Error **errp)
 {
-    return qemu_fsdev_add(opts);
+    return qemu_fsdev_add(opts, errp);
 }
 #endif
 
@@ -2309,8 +2300,8 @@ static int mon_init_func(void *opaque, QemuOpts *opts, Error **errp)
     } else if (strcmp(mode, "control") == 0) {
         flags = MONITOR_USE_CONTROL;
     } else {
-        error_report("unknown monitor mode \"%s\"", mode);
-        exit(1);
+        error_setg(errp, "unknown monitor mode \"%s\"", mode);
+        return -1;
     }
 
     if (qemu_opt_get_bool(opts, "pretty", 0))
@@ -2324,8 +2315,8 @@ static int mon_init_func(void *opaque, QemuOpts *opts, Error **errp)
     chardev = qemu_opt_get(opts, "chardev");
     chr = qemu_chr_find(chardev);
     if (chr == NULL) {
-        error_report("chardev \"%s\" not found", chardev);
-        exit(1);
+        error_setg(errp, "chardev \"%s\" not found", chardev);
+        return -1;
     }
 
     monitor_init(chr, flags);
@@ -2500,6 +2491,7 @@ static int debugcon_parse(const char *devname)
     QemuOpts *opts;
 
     if (!qemu_chr_new_mux_mon("debugcon", devname)) {
+        error_report("invalid character backend '%s'", devname);
         exit(1);
     }
     opts = qemu_opts_create(qemu_find_opts("device"), "debugcon", 1, NULL);
@@ -2715,7 +2707,7 @@ static int machine_set_property(void *opaque,
     g_free(qom_name);
 
     if (local_err) {
-        error_report_err(local_err);
+        error_propagate(errp, local_err);
         return -1;
     }
 
@@ -4011,26 +4003,20 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv, char **envp)
 
 #ifdef CONFIG_SECCOMP
     olist = qemu_find_opts_err("sandbox", NULL);
-    if (olist && qemu_opts_foreach(olist, parse_sandbox, NULL, NULL)) {
-        exit(1);
+    if (olist) {
+        qemu_opts_foreach(olist, parse_sandbox, NULL, &error_fatal);
     }
 #endif
 
-    if (qemu_opts_foreach(qemu_find_opts("name"),
-                          parse_name, NULL, NULL)) {
-        exit(1);
-    }
+    qemu_opts_foreach(qemu_find_opts("name"),
+                      parse_name, NULL, &error_fatal);
 
 #ifndef _WIN32
-    if (qemu_opts_foreach(qemu_find_opts("add-fd"),
-                          parse_add_fd, NULL, NULL)) {
-        exit(1);
-    }
+    qemu_opts_foreach(qemu_find_opts("add-fd"),
+                      parse_add_fd, NULL, &error_fatal);
 
-    if (qemu_opts_foreach(qemu_find_opts("add-fd"),
-                          cleanup_add_fd, NULL, NULL)) {
-        exit(1);
-    }
+    qemu_opts_foreach(qemu_find_opts("add-fd"),
+                      cleanup_add_fd, NULL, &error_fatal);
 #endif
 
     current_machine = MACHINE(object_new(object_class_get_name(
@@ -4271,22 +4257,16 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv, char **envp)
     page_size_init();
     socket_init();
 
-    if (qemu_opts_foreach(qemu_find_opts("object"),
-                          user_creatable_add_opts_foreach,
-                          object_create_initial, NULL)) {
-        exit(1);
-    }
+    qemu_opts_foreach(qemu_find_opts("object"),
+                      user_creatable_add_opts_foreach,
+                      object_create_initial, &error_fatal);
 
-    if (qemu_opts_foreach(qemu_find_opts("chardev"),
-                          chardev_init_func, NULL, NULL)) {
-        exit(1);
-    }
+    qemu_opts_foreach(qemu_find_opts("chardev"),
+                      chardev_init_func, NULL, &error_fatal);
 
 #ifdef CONFIG_VIRTFS
-    if (qemu_opts_foreach(qemu_find_opts("fsdev"),
-                          fsdev_init_func, NULL, NULL)) {
-        exit(1);
-    }
+    qemu_opts_foreach(qemu_find_opts("fsdev"),
+                      fsdev_init_func, NULL, &error_fatal);
 #endif
 
     if (qemu_opts_foreach(qemu_find_opts("device"),
@@ -4295,11 +4275,8 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv, char **envp)
     }
 
     machine_opts = qemu_get_machine_opts();
-    if (qemu_opt_foreach(machine_opts, machine_set_property, current_machine,
-                         NULL)) {
-        object_unref(OBJECT(current_machine));
-        exit(1);
-    }
+    qemu_opt_foreach(machine_opts, machine_set_property, current_machine,
+                     &error_fatal);
 
     configure_accelerator(current_machine);
 
@@ -4404,15 +4381,11 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv, char **envp)
         exit(1);
     }
 
-    if (qemu_opts_foreach(qemu_find_opts("object"),
-                          user_creatable_add_opts_foreach,
-                          object_create_delayed, NULL)) {
-        exit(1);
-    }
+    qemu_opts_foreach(qemu_find_opts("object"),
+                      user_creatable_add_opts_foreach,
+                      object_create_delayed, &error_fatal);
 
-    if (tpm_init() < 0) {
-        exit(1);
-    }
+    tpm_init();
 
     /* init the bluetooth world */
     if (foreach_device_config(DEV_BT, bt_parse))
@@ -4453,8 +4426,9 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv, char **envp)
                           NULL, NULL);
     }
     if (qemu_opts_foreach(qemu_find_opts("drive"), drive_init_func,
-                          &machine_class->block_default_type, NULL)) {
-        exit(1);
+                          &machine_class->block_default_type, &error_fatal)) {
+        /* We printed help */
+        exit(0);
     }
 
     default_drive(default_cdrom, snapshot, machine_class->block_default_type, 2,
@@ -4462,10 +4436,8 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv, char **envp)
     default_drive(default_floppy, snapshot, IF_FLOPPY, 0, FD_OPTS);
     default_drive(default_sdcard, snapshot, IF_SD, 0, SD_OPTS);
 
-    if (qemu_opts_foreach(qemu_find_opts("mon"),
-                          mon_init_func, NULL, NULL)) {
-        exit(1);
-    }
+    qemu_opts_foreach(qemu_find_opts("mon"),
+                      mon_init_func, NULL, &error_fatal);
 
     if (foreach_device_config(DEV_SERIAL, serial_parse) < 0)
         exit(1);
@@ -4528,10 +4500,8 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv, char **envp)
         hax_sync_vcpus();
     }
 
-    if (qemu_opts_foreach(qemu_find_opts("fw_cfg"),
-                          parse_fw_cfg, fw_cfg_find(), NULL) != 0) {
-        exit(1);
-    }
+    qemu_opts_foreach(qemu_find_opts("fw_cfg"),
+                      parse_fw_cfg, fw_cfg_find(), &error_fatal);
 
     /* init USB devices */
     if (machine_usb(current_machine)) {
@@ -4544,10 +4514,8 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv, char **envp)
 
     /* init generic devices */
     rom_set_order_override(FW_CFG_ORDER_OVERRIDE_DEVICE);
-    if (qemu_opts_foreach(qemu_find_opts("device"),
-                          device_init_func, NULL, NULL)) {
-        exit(1);
-    }
+    qemu_opts_foreach(qemu_find_opts("device"),
+                      device_init_func, NULL, &error_fatal);
 
     cpu_synchronize_all_post_init();
 
@@ -4583,7 +4551,7 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv, char **envp)
     /* init remote displays */
 #ifdef CONFIG_VNC
     qemu_opts_foreach(qemu_find_opts("vnc"),
-                      vnc_init_func, NULL, NULL);
+                      vnc_init_func, NULL, &error_fatal);
 #endif
 
     if (using_spice) {