path: root/winsup/utils/passwd.c

/* passwd.c: Changing passwords and managing account information

   Written by Corinna Vinschen <corinna.vinschen@cityweb.de>

This file is part of Cygwin.

This software is a copyrighted work licensed under the terms of the
Cygwin license.  Please consult the file "CYGWIN_LICENSE" for
details. */

#include <windows.h>
#include <wininet.h>
#include <lmaccess.h>
#include <lmerr.h>
#include <lmcons.h>
#include <lmapibuf.h>
#include <dsgetdc.h>

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <inttypes.h>
#include <getopt.h>
#include <pwd.h>
#include <sys/cygwin.h>
#include <cygwin/version.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <time.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <locale.h>
#include <wchar.h>

#define USER_PRIV_ADMIN		 2

static char *prog_name;

static struct option longopts[] =
{
  {"cannot-change", no_argument, NULL, 'c'},
  {"can-change", no_argument, NULL, 'C'},
  {"logonserver", required_argument, NULL, 'd'},
  {"never-expires", no_argument, NULL, 'e'},
  {"expires", no_argument, NULL, 'E'},
  {"help", no_argument, NULL, 'h' },
  {"inactive", required_argument, NULL, 'i'},
  {"lock", no_argument, NULL, 'l'},
  {"minage", required_argument, NULL, 'n'},
  {"pwd-not-required", no_argument, NULL, 'p'},
  {"pwd-required", no_argument, NULL, 'P'},
  {"unlock", no_argument, NULL, 'u'},
  {"version", no_argument, NULL, 'V'},
  {"maxage", required_argument, NULL, 'x'},
  {"length", required_argument, NULL, 'L'},
  {"status", no_argument, NULL, 'S'},
  { "reg-store-pwd", no_argument, NULL, 'R'},
  {NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
};

static char opts[] = "cCd:eEhi:ln:pPuvVx:L:SR";

int
eprint (int with_name, const char *fmt, ...)
{
  va_list ap;

  if (with_name)
    fprintf(stderr, "%s: ", prog_name);
  va_start (ap, fmt);
  vfprintf (stderr, fmt, ap);
  va_end (ap);
  fprintf(stderr, "\n");
  return 1;
}

int
EvalRet (int ret, const char *user)
{
  switch (ret)
    {
    case NERR_Success:
      return 0;

    case ERROR_ACCESS_DENIED:
      if (!user)
	eprint (0, "You may not change password expiry information.");
      else
	eprint (0, "You may not change the password for %s.", user);
      break;

      eprint (0, "Bad password: Invalid.");
      break;

    case NERR_PasswordTooShort:
      eprint (0, "Bad password: Too short.");
      break;

    case NERR_UserNotFound:
      eprint (1, "unknown user %s", user);
      break;

    case ERROR_INVALID_PASSWORD:
    case NERR_BadPassword:
      eprint (0, "Incorrect password for %s.", user);
      eprint (0, "The password for %s is unchanged.", user);
      break;

    default:
      eprint (1, "unrecoverable error %d", ret);
      break;
    }
  return 1;
}

PUSER_INFO_3
GetPW (char *user, int print_win_name, LPWSTR *server)
{
  char usr_buf[UNLEN + 1];
  WCHAR name[UNLEN + 1];
  DWORD ret;
  PUSER_INFO_3 ui;
  struct passwd *pw;
  char *domain = (char *) alloca (INTERNET_MAX_HOST_NAME_LENGTH + 1);

  /* Get the Win32 username and a suitable server. */
  if ((pw = getpwnam (user)))
    {
      cygwin_internal (CW_EXTRACT_DOMAIN_AND_USER, pw, domain, usr_buf);
      if (strcasecmp (pw->pw_name, usr_buf))
	{
	  /* Hack to avoid problem with LookupAccountSid after impersonation */
	  if (strcasecmp (usr_buf, "SYSTEM"))
	    {
	      user = usr_buf;
	      if (print_win_name)
		printf ("Windows username : %s\n", user);
	    }
	}
      if (!*server)
	{
	  PDOMAIN_CONTROLLER_INFOW dci;
	  char machine[INTERNET_MAX_HOST_NAME_LENGTH + 1];
	  DWORD mlen = sizeof machine;
	  WCHAR wdom[INTERNET_MAX_HOST_NAME_LENGTH + 1];

	  /* If we can't fetch the local machine name, or if the machine name
	     is not the same as the user's domain name, try to fetch the DC via
	     DsGetDcName.  Otherwise, just stick to a NULL servername, since
	     that's the same as using the local machine. */
	  if (!GetComputerNameExA (ComputerNameNetBIOS, machine, &mlen)
	      || strcasecmp (domain, machine) != 0)
	    {
	      mbstowcs (wdom, domain, INTERNET_MAX_HOST_NAME_LENGTH + 1);
	      if (!DsGetDcNameW (NULL, wdom, NULL, NULL, DS_IS_FLAT_NAME, &dci))
		*server = dci->DomainControllerName;
	    }
	}
    }
  mbstowcs (name, user, UNLEN + 1);
  ret = NetUserGetInfo (*server, name, 3, (void *) &ui);
  return EvalRet (ret, user) ? NULL : ui;
}

int
ChangePW (const char *user, PCWSTR name, const char *oldpwd, const char *pwd,
	  int justcheck, LPCWSTR server)
{
  WCHAR oldpass[512], pass[512];
  DWORD ret;

  mbstowcs (pass, pwd, 512);
  if (!oldpwd)
    {
      USER_INFO_1003 ui;

      ui.usri1003_password = pass;
      ret = NetUserSetInfo (server, name, 1003, (LPBYTE) &ui, NULL);
    }
  else
    {
      mbstowcs (oldpass, oldpwd, 512);
      ret = NetUserChangePassword (server, name, oldpass, pass);
    }
  if (justcheck && ret != ERROR_INVALID_PASSWORD)
    return 0;
  if (!EvalRet (ret, user) && !justcheck)
    eprint (0, "Password changed.");
  return ret;
}

void
PrintPW (PUSER_INFO_3 ui, LPCWSTR server)
{
  time_t t = time (NULL) - ui->usri3_password_age;
  int ret;
  PUSER_MODALS_INFO_0 mi;

  printf ("Account disabled           : %s",
	(ui->usri3_flags & UF_ACCOUNTDISABLE) ? "yes\n" : "no\n");
  printf ("Password not required      : %s",
	(ui->usri3_flags & UF_PASSWD_NOTREQD) ? "yes\n" : "no\n");
  printf ("User can't change password : %s",
	(ui->usri3_flags & UF_PASSWD_CANT_CHANGE) ? "yes\n" : "no\n");
  printf ("Password never expires     : %s",
	(ui->usri3_flags & UF_DONT_EXPIRE_PASSWD) ? "yes\n" : "no\n");
  printf ("Password expired           : %s",
	(ui->usri3_password_expired) ? "yes\n" : "no\n");
  printf ("Latest password change     : %s", ctime(&t));
  ret = NetUserModalsGet (server, 0, (void *) &mi);
  if (!ret)
    {
      if (mi->usrmod0_max_passwd_age == TIMEQ_FOREVER)
	mi->usrmod0_max_passwd_age = 0;
      if (mi->usrmod0_min_passwd_age == TIMEQ_FOREVER)
	mi->usrmod0_min_passwd_age = 0;
      if (mi->usrmod0_force_logoff == TIMEQ_FOREVER)
	mi->usrmod0_force_logoff = 0;
      if (ui->usri3_priv == USER_PRIV_ADMIN)
	mi->usrmod0_min_passwd_len = 0;
      printf ("\nSystem password settings:\n");
      printf ("Max. password age %" PRIu32 " days\n",
	      (unsigned int) (mi->usrmod0_max_passwd_age / ONE_DAY));
      printf ("Min. password age %" PRIu32 " days\n",
	      (unsigned int) (mi->usrmod0_min_passwd_age / ONE_DAY));
      printf ("Force logout after %" PRIu32 " days\n",
	      (unsigned int) (mi->usrmod0_force_logoff / ONE_DAY));
      printf ("Min. password length: %" PRIu32 "\n",
	      (unsigned int) mi->usrmod0_min_passwd_len);
    }
}

int
SetModals (int xarg, int narg, int iarg, int Larg, LPCWSTR server)
{
  int ret;
  PUSER_MODALS_INFO_0 mi;

  ret = NetUserModalsGet (server, 0, (void *) &mi);
  if (!ret)
    {
      if (xarg == 0)
	mi->usrmod0_max_passwd_age = TIMEQ_FOREVER;
      else if (xarg > 0)
	mi->usrmod0_max_passwd_age = xarg * ONE_DAY;

      if (narg == 0)
	{
	  mi->usrmod0_min_passwd_age = TIMEQ_FOREVER;
	  mi->usrmod0_password_hist_len = 0;
	}
      else if (narg > 0)
	mi->usrmod0_min_passwd_age = narg * ONE_DAY;

      if (iarg == 0)
	mi->usrmod0_force_logoff = TIMEQ_FOREVER;
      else if (iarg > 0)
	mi->usrmod0_force_logoff = iarg * ONE_DAY;

      if (Larg >= 0)
	mi->usrmod0_min_passwd_len = Larg;

      ret = NetUserModalsSet (server, 0, (LPBYTE) mi, NULL);
      NetApiBufferFree (mi);
    }
  return EvalRet (ret, NULL);
}

static void usage (FILE * stream, int status) __attribute__ ((noreturn));
static void
usage (FILE * stream, int status)
{
  fprintf (stream, ""
  "Usage: %s [OPTION] [USER]\n"
  "\n"
  "Change USER's password or password attributes.\n"
  "\n"
  "User operations:\n"
  "  -l, --lock               lock USER's account.\n"
  "  -u, --unlock             unlock USER's account.\n"
  "  -c, --cannot-change      USER can't change password.\n"
  "  -C, --can-change         USER can change password.\n"
  "  -e, --never-expires      USER's password never expires.\n"
  "  -E, --expires            USER's password expires according to system's\n"
  "                           password aging rule.\n"
  "  -p, --pwd-not-required   no password required for USER.\n"
  "  -P, --pwd-required       password is required for USER.\n"
  "  -R, --reg-store-pwd      enter password to store it in the registry for\n"
  "                           later usage by services to be able to switch\n"
  "                           to this user context with network credentials.\n"
  "\n"
  "System operations:\n"
  "  -i, --inactive NUM       set NUM of days before inactive accounts are disabled\n"
  "                           (inactive accounts are those with expired passwords).\n"
  "  -n, --minage MINDAYS     set system minimum password age to MINDAYS days.\n"
  "  -x, --maxage MAXDAYS     set system maximum password age to MAXDAYS days.\n"
  "  -L, --length LEN         set system minimum password length to LEN.\n"
  "\n"
  "Other options:\n"
  "  -d, --logonserver SERVER connect to SERVER (e.g. domain controller).\n"
  "                           Usually not required.\n"
  "  -S, --status             display password status for USER (locked, expired,\n"
  "                           etc.) plus global system password settings.\n"
  "  -h, --help               output usage information and exit.\n"
  "  -V, --version            output version information and exit.\n"
  "\n"
  "If no option is given, change USER's password.  If no user name is given,\n"
  "operate on current user.  System operations must not be mixed with user\n"
  "operations.  Don't specify a USER when triggering a system operation.\n"
  "\n"
  "Don't specify a user or any other option together with the -R option.\n"
  "Non-Admin users can only store their password if cygserver is running\n"
  "as service under the SYSTEM account.\n"
  "Note that storing even obfuscated passwords in the registry is not overly\n"
  "secure.  Use this feature only if the machine is adequately locked down.\n"
  "Don't use this feature if you don't need network access within a remote\n"
  "session.  You can delete your stored password by using `passwd -R' and\n"
  "specifying an empty password.\n\n", prog_name);
  exit (status);
}

static int
caller_is_admin ()
{
  static int is_admin = -1;
  HANDLE token;
  DWORD size;
  PTOKEN_GROUPS grps;
  SID_IDENTIFIER_AUTHORITY nt_auth = {SECURITY_NT_AUTHORITY};
  PSID admin_grp;
  DWORD i;

  if (is_admin == -1)
    {
      is_admin = 0;
      if (OpenProcessToken (GetCurrentProcess (), TOKEN_READ, &token))
	{
	  GetTokenInformation (token, TokenGroups, NULL, 0, &size);
	  grps = (PTOKEN_GROUPS) alloca (size);
	  if (!GetTokenInformation(token, TokenGroups, grps, size, &size)
	      || !AllocateAndInitializeSid (&nt_auth, 2,
					    SECURITY_BUILTIN_DOMAIN_RID,
					    DOMAIN_ALIAS_RID_ADMINS,
					    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, &admin_grp))
	    is_admin = 0;
	  else
	    {
	      for (i = 0; i < grps->GroupCount; ++i)
		if (EqualSid (admin_grp, grps->Groups[i].Sid)
		    && (grps->Groups[i].Attributes
			& (SE_GROUP_ENABLED | SE_GROUP_USE_FOR_DENY_ONLY))
		       == SE_GROUP_ENABLED)
		  {
		    is_admin = 1;
		    break;
		  }
	      FreeSid (admin_grp);
	    }
	  CloseHandle (token);
	}
    }
  return is_admin;
}

static void
print_version ()
{
  printf ("passwd (cygwin) %d.%d.%d\n"
	  "Password Utility\n"
	  "Copyright (C) 1999 - %s Cygwin Authors\n"
	  "This is free software; see the source for copying conditions.  There is NO\n"
	  "warranty; not even for MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.\n",
	  CYGWIN_VERSION_DLL_MAJOR / 1000,
	  CYGWIN_VERSION_DLL_MAJOR % 1000,
	  CYGWIN_VERSION_DLL_MINOR,
	  strrchr (__DATE__, ' ') + 1);
}

int
main (int argc, char **argv)
{
  char *logonserver;
  char user[UNLEN + 1], oldpwd[_PASSWORD_LEN + 1], newpwd[_PASSWORD_LEN + 1];
  int ret = 0;
  int cnt = 0;
  int opt;
  int Larg = -1;
  int xarg = -1;
  int narg = -1;
  int iarg = -1;
  int lopt = 0;
  int uopt = 0;
  int copt = 0;
  int Copt = 0;
  int eopt = 0;
  int Eopt = 0;
  int popt = 0;
  int Popt = 0;
  int Sopt = 0;
  int Ropt = 0;
  PUSER_INFO_3 ui;
  int myself = 0;
  LPWSTR server = NULL;

  prog_name = program_invocation_short_name;

  /* Use locale from environment.  If not set or set to "C", use UTF-8. */
  setlocale (LC_CTYPE, "");
  if (!strcmp (setlocale (LC_CTYPE, NULL), "C"))
    setlocale (LC_CTYPE, "en_US.UTF-8");
  while ((opt = getopt_long (argc, argv, opts, longopts, NULL)) != EOF)
    switch (opt)
      {
      case 'h':
	usage (stdout, 0);
	break;

      case 'i':
	if (lopt || uopt || copt || Copt || eopt || Eopt || popt || Popt || Sopt || Ropt)
	  usage (stderr, 1);
	if ((iarg = atoi (optarg)) < 0 || iarg > 999)
	  return eprint (1, "Force logout time must be between 0 and 999.");
	break;

      case 'l':
	if (xarg >= 0 || narg >= 0 || iarg >= 0 || Larg >= 0 || uopt || Sopt || Ropt)
	  usage (stderr, 1);
	lopt = 1;
	break;

      case 'n':
	if (lopt || uopt || copt || Copt || eopt || Eopt || popt || Popt || Sopt || Ropt)
	  usage (stderr, 1);
	if ((narg = atoi (optarg)) < 0 || narg > 999)
	  return eprint (1, "Minimum password age must be between 0 and 999.");
	if (xarg >= 0 && narg > xarg)
	  return eprint (1, "Minimum password age must be less than "
			    "maximum password age.");
	break;

      case 'u':
	if (xarg >= 0 || narg >= 0 || iarg >= 0 || Larg >= 0 || lopt || Sopt || Ropt)
	  usage (stderr, 1);
	uopt = 1;
	break;

      case 'c':
	if (xarg >= 0 || narg >= 0 || iarg >= 0 || Larg >= 0 || Sopt || Ropt)
	  usage (stderr, 1);
	copt = 1;
	break;

      case 'C':
	if (xarg >= 0 || narg >= 0 || iarg >= 0 || Larg >= 0 || Sopt || Ropt)
	  usage (stderr, 1);
	Copt = 1;
	break;

      case 'd':
	{
	  if (Ropt)
	    usage (stderr, 1);
	  char *tmpbuf = alloca (strlen (optarg) + 3);
	  tmpbuf[0] = '\0';
	  if (*optarg != '\\')
	    strcpy (tmpbuf, "\\\\");
	  strcat (tmpbuf, optarg);
	  size_t len = mbstowcs (NULL, tmpbuf, 0);
	  if (len > 0 && len != (size_t) -1)
	    mbstowcs (server = alloca ((len + 1) * sizeof (wchar_t)),
		      tmpbuf, len + 1);
	}
	break;

      case 'e':
	if (xarg >= 0 || narg >= 0 || iarg >= 0 || Larg >= 0 || Sopt || Ropt)
	  usage (stderr, 1);
	eopt = 1;
	break;

      case 'E':
	if (xarg >= 0 || narg >= 0 || iarg >= 0 || Larg >= 0 || Sopt || Ropt)
	  usage (stderr, 1);
	Eopt = 1;
	break;

      case 'p':
	if (xarg >= 0 || narg >= 0 || iarg >= 0 || Larg >= 0 || Sopt || Ropt)
	  usage (stderr, 1);
	popt = 1;
	break;

      case 'P':
	if (xarg >= 0 || narg >= 0 || iarg >= 0 || Larg >= 0 || Sopt || Ropt)
	  usage (stderr, 1);
	Popt = 1;
	break;

      case 'V':
      case 'v':		/* Keep this option for historical reasons,
			   but don't advertize it. */
	print_version ();
	exit (0);
	break;

      case 'x':
	if (lopt || uopt || copt || Copt || eopt || Eopt || popt || Popt || Sopt || Ropt)
	  usage (stderr, 1);
	if ((xarg = atoi (optarg)) < 0 || xarg > 999)
	  return eprint (1, "Maximum password age must be between 0 and 999.");
	if (narg >= 0 && xarg < narg)
	  return eprint (1, "Maximum password age must be greater than "
			    "minimum password age.");
	break;

      case 'L':
	if (lopt || uopt || copt || Copt || eopt || Eopt || popt || Popt || Sopt || Ropt)
	  usage (stderr, 1);
	if ((Larg = atoi (optarg)) < 0 || Larg > LM20_PWLEN)
	  return eprint (1, "Minimum password length must be between "
			    "0 and %d.", LM20_PWLEN);
	break;

      case 'S':
	if (xarg >= 0 || narg >= 0 || iarg >= 0 || Larg >= 0 || lopt || uopt
	    || copt || Copt || eopt || Eopt || popt || Popt || Ropt)
	  usage (stderr, 1);
	Sopt = 1;
	break;

      case 'R':
	if (xarg >= 0 || narg >= 0 || iarg >= 0 || Larg >= 0 || lopt || uopt
	    || copt || Copt || eopt || Eopt || popt || Popt || Sopt
	    || server)
	  usage (stderr, 1);
	Ropt = 1;
	break;

      default:
	fprintf (stderr, "Try `%s --help' for more information.\n", prog_name);
	return 1;
      }

  if (Ropt)
    {
      const char *username = NULL;
      if (optind < argc)
	{
	  username = argv[optind++];
	  if (!strcmp (username, getlogin ()))
	    username = NULL;
	  else if (!caller_is_admin ())
	    return eprint (0, "You may not change the password for %s.",
			   username);

	  if (optind < argc)
	    usage (stderr, 1);
	}
      char *text1 = (char *) alloca ((username ? strlen (username) + 2 : 4)
				     + sizeof ("Enter  current password: "));
      char *text2 = (char *) alloca ((username ? strlen (username) + 2 : 4)
				     + sizeof ("Re-enter  current password: "));
      sprintf (text1, "Enter %s%s current password: ",
	       username ?: "your", username ? "'s" : "");
      sprintf (text2, "Re-enter %s%s current password: ",
	       username ?: "your", username ? "'s" : "");
      printf (
"This functionality stores a password in the registry for usage by services\n"
"which need to change the user context and require network access.  Typical\n"
"applications are interactive remote logons using sshd, cron task, etc.\n"
"This password will always tried first when any privileged application is\n"
"about to switch the user context.\n\n"
"Note that storing even obfuscated passwords in the registry is not overly\n"
"secure.  Use this feature only if the machine is adequately locked down.\n"
"Don't use this feature if you don't need network access within a remote\n"
"session.\n\n"
"You can delete the stored password by specifying an empty password.\n\n");
      strcpy (newpwd, getpass (text1));
      if (strcmp (newpwd, getpass (text2)))
	eprint (0, "Password is not identical.");
      else if (cygwin_internal (CW_SET_PRIV_KEY, newpwd, username))
	return eprint (0, "Storing password failed: %s", strerror (errno));
      return 0;
    }

  if (Larg >= 0 || xarg >= 0 || narg >= 0 || iarg >= 0)
    {
      if (optind < argc)
	usage (stderr, 1);
      return SetModals (xarg, narg, iarg, Larg, server);
    }

  strcpy (user, optind >= argc ? getlogin () : argv[optind]);

  /* Changing password for calling user?  Use logonserver for user as well. */
  if (!server && optind >= argc)
    {
      myself = 1;
      if ((logonserver = getenv ("LOGONSERVER")))
	{
	  size_t len = mbstowcs (NULL, logonserver, 0);
	  if (len > 0 && len != (size_t) -1)
	    mbstowcs (server = alloca ((len + 1) * sizeof (wchar_t)),
		      logonserver, len + 1);
	}
    }

  ui = GetPW (user, 1, &server);
  if (!ui)
    return 1;

  if (lopt || uopt || copt || Copt || eopt || Eopt || popt || Popt || Sopt)
    {
      USER_INFO_1008 uif;

      uif.usri1008_flags = ui->usri3_flags;
      if (lopt)
	{
	  if (ui->usri3_priv == USER_PRIV_ADMIN)
	    return eprint (0, "Locking an admin account is disallowed.");
	  uif.usri1008_flags |= UF_ACCOUNTDISABLE;
	}
      if (uopt)
	uif.usri1008_flags &= ~UF_ACCOUNTDISABLE;
      if (copt)
	uif.usri1008_flags |= UF_PASSWD_CANT_CHANGE;
      if (Copt)
	uif.usri1008_flags &= ~UF_PASSWD_CANT_CHANGE;
      if (eopt)
	uif.usri1008_flags |= UF_DONT_EXPIRE_PASSWD;
      if (Eopt)
	uif.usri1008_flags &= ~UF_DONT_EXPIRE_PASSWD;
      if (popt)
	uif.usri1008_flags |= UF_PASSWD_NOTREQD;
      if (Popt)
	uif.usri1008_flags &= ~UF_PASSWD_NOTREQD;

      if (lopt || uopt || copt || Copt || eopt || Eopt || popt || Popt)
	{
	  ret = NetUserSetInfo (server, ui->usri3_name, 1008, (LPBYTE) &uif,
				NULL);
	  return EvalRet (ret, NULL);
	}
      // Sopt
      PrintPW (ui, server);
      return 0;
    }

  if (!caller_is_admin () && !myself)
    return eprint (0, "You may not change the password for %s.", user);

  oldpwd[0] = '\0';
  if (!caller_is_admin ())
    {
      strcpy (oldpwd, getpass ("Old password: "));
      if (ChangePW (user, ui->usri3_name, oldpwd, oldpwd, 1, server))
	return 1;
    }

  do
    {
      strcpy (newpwd, getpass ("New password: "));
      if (strcmp (newpwd, getpass ("Re-enter new password: ")))
	eprint (0, "Password is not identical.");
      else if (!ChangePW (user, ui->usri3_name, *oldpwd ? oldpwd : NULL,
      			  newpwd, 0, server))
	ret = 1;
      if (!ret && cnt < 2)
	eprint (0, "Try again.");
    }
  while (!ret && ++cnt < 3);
  return !ret;
}