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diff --git a/winsup/doc/how-using.texinfo b/winsup/doc/how-using.texinfo deleted file mode 100644 index b04bbc1..0000000 --- a/winsup/doc/how-using.texinfo +++ /dev/null @@ -1,813 +0,0 @@ -@section Using Cygwin - -@subsection Why can't my application locate cygncurses5.dll? or cygintl.dll? or cygreadline5.dll? or ...? - -If you upgraded recently, and suddenly vim (or some other Cygwin -application) cannot find @code{cygncurses5.dll}, it means that you did -not follow these instructions properly: -@file{http://cygwin.com/ml/cygwin-announce/2001/msg00124.html}. To -repair the damage, you must run Cygwin Setup again, and re-install the -@samp{libncurses5} package. - -Note that Cygwin Setup won't show this option by default. In the -``Select packages to install'' dialog, click on the @samp{Full/Part} -button. This lists all packages, even those that are already -installed. Scroll down to locate the @samp{libncurses5} package. -Click on the ``cycle'' glyph until it says ``Reinstall''. Continue -with the installation. - -Similarly, if something cannot find @code{cygintl.dll}, then run -Cygwin Setup and re-install the @samp{libintl} and @samp{libintl1} -packages. - -For a detailed explanation of the general problem, and how to extend -it to other missing DLLs (like cygreadline5.dll) and identify their -containing packages, see -@file{http://cygwin.com/ml/cygwin/2002-01/msg01619.html}. - -@subsection Why is Cygwin suddenly @emph{so} slow? - -If you recently upgraded and suddenly @emph{every} command takes a -@emph{very} long time, then something is probably attempting to -access a network share. You may have the obsolete @code{//c} -notation in your PATH or startup files. This now means the -@emph{network share} @code{c}, which will slow things down -tremendously if it does not exist. - -Using //c (for C:) doesn't work anymore. (Similarly for any drive -letter, e.g. @code{//z} for @code{Z:}) This ``feature'' has long been -deprecated, and no longer works at all in the latest release. As of -release 1.3.3, @code{//c} now means the @emph{network share} @code{c}. -For a detailed discussion of why this change was made, and how deal -with it now, refer to -@file{http://sources.redhat.com/ml/cygwin/2001-09/msg00014.html}. - -@subsection Why don't my services work (or access network shares)? - -Most Windows services run as a special user called @samp{SYSTEM}. If you -installed Cygwin for "Just Me", the @samp{SYSTEM} user won't see your -Cygwin mount table. You need to re-mount all of your mounts as -"system" for services to work. You can re-run @samp{setup.exe} and -select "Install for All Users", or this script will do the trick: - -@example -eval "`mount -m | sed -e 's/ -u / -s /g' -e 's/$/;/'`" -@end example - -The @samp{SYSTEM} user cannot access network shares that require -authentication. For more information, see -@file{http://cygwin.com/cygwin-ug-net/ntsec.html}. - -Workarounds include using public network share that does not require -authentication (for non-critical files), or running the service as -your own user with @samp{cygrunsrv -u} (see -@samp{/usr/share/doc/Cygwin/cygrunsrv.README} for more information). - -@subsection How should I set my PATH? - -This is done for you in the file /etc/profile, which is sourced by bash -when you start it from the Desktop or Start Menu shortcut, created by -@code{setup.exe}. The line is - -@example - PATH="/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin:$PATH" -@end example - -Effectively, this @strong{prepends} /usr/local/bin and /usr/bin to your -Windows system path. If you choose to reset your PATH, say in -$HOME/.bashrc, or by editing etc/profile directly, then you should -follow this rule. You @strong{must} have @code{/usr/bin} in your PATH -@strong{before} any Windows system directories. (And you must not omit -the Windows system directories!) Otherwise you will likely encounter -all sorts of problems running Cygwin applications. - -@subsection Bash says "command not found", but it's right there! - -If you compile a program, you might find that you can't run it: - -@example - bash$ gcc -o hello hello.c - bash$ hello - bash: hello: command not found -@end example - -Unlike Windows, bash does not look for programs in @samp{.} (the current -directory) by default. You can add @samp{.} to your PATH (see above), -but this is not recommended (at least on UNIX) for security reasons. -Just tell bash where to find it, when you type it on the command line: - -@example - bash$ gcc -o hello hello.c - bash$ ./hello - Hello World! -@end example - -@subsection How do I convert between Windows and UNIX paths? - -Use the 'cygpath' utility. Type '@code{cygpath --help}' for -information. For example (on my installation): -@example - bash$ cygpath --windows ~/.bashrc - D:\starksb\.bashrc - bash$ cygpath --unix C:/cygwin/bin/cygwin.bat - /usr/bin/cygwin.bat - bash$ cygpath --unix C:\\cygwin\\bin\\cygwin.bat - /usr/bin/cygwin.bat -@end example -Note that bash interprets the backslash '\' as an escape character, so -you must type it twice in the bash shell if you want it to be recognized -as such. - -@subsection Why doesn't bash read my .bashrc file on startup? - -Your .bashrc is read from your home directory specified by the HOME -environment variable. It uses /.bashrc if HOME is not set. So you need -to set HOME correctly, or move your .bashrc to the top of the drive -mounted as / in Cygwin. - -@subsection How can I get bash filename completion to be case insensitive? - -Add the following to your @code{~/.bashrc} file: - -@example - shopt -s nocaseglob -@end example - -and add the following to your @code{~/.inputrc} file: - -@example - set completion-ignore-case on -@end example - -@subsection Can I use paths/filenames containing spaces in them? - -Cygwin does support spaces in filenames and paths. That said, some -utilities that use the library may not, since files don't typically -contain spaces in Unix. If you stumble into problems with this, you -will need to either fix the utilities or stop using spaces in filenames -used by Cygwin tools. - -In particular, bash interprets space as a word separator. You would have -to quote a filename containing spaces, or escape the space character. -For example: -@example - bash-2.03$ cd '/cygdrive/c/Program Files' -@end example -or -@example - bash-2.03$ cd /cygdrive/c/Program\ Files -@end example - -@subsection Why can't I cd into a shortcut to a directory? - -Cygwin versions < 1.3.0 do not follow MS Windows Explorer Shortcuts -(*.lnk files). It sees a shortcut as a regular file and this you -cannot "cd" into it. - -Since version 1.3.0, Cygwin uses shortcuts as symlinks by default. - -Cygwin shortcuts are different from shortcuts created by native Windows -applications. Windows applications can usually make use of Cygwin -shortcuts but not vice versa. This is by choice. The reason is that -Windows shortcuts may contain a bunch of extra information which would -get lost, if, for example, Cygwin tar archives and extracts them as -symlinks. - -Changing a Cygwin shortcut in Windows Explorer usually changes a Cygwin -shortcut into a Windows native shortcut. Afterwards, Cygwin will not -recognize it as symlink anymore. - -@subsection I'm having basic problems with find. Why? - -Make sure you are using the find that came with Cygwin and that you -aren't picking up the Win32 find command instead. You can verify that -you are getting the right one by doing a "type find" in bash. - -If the path argument to find, including current directory (default), is -itself a symbolic link, then find will not traverse it unless you -specify the @samp{-follow} option. This behavior is different than most -other UNIX implementations, but is not likely to change. - -If find does not seem to be producing enough results, or seems to be -missing out some directories, you may be experiencing a problem with one -of find's optimisations. The absence of @samp{.} and @samp{..} -directories on some filesystems, such as DVD-R UDF, can confuse find. -See the documentation for the option @samp{-noleaf} in the man page. - -@subsection Why doesn't @samp{su} work? - -The @samp{su} command has been in and out of Cygwin distributions, but -it has not been ported to Cygwin and has never worked. It is -currently installed as part of the sh-utils, but again, it does not work. - -You may be able to use @samp{login} instead, but you should read -@file{http://www.cygwin.com/ml/cygwin/2001-03/msg00337.html} first. - -For some technical background into why @samp{su} doesn't work, read -@file{http://www.cygwin.com/ml/cygwin/2003-06/msg00897.html} and -related messages. - -@subsection Why doesn't man (or apropos) work? - -Even after installing the @samp{man} package, you get an error like this: - -@example - bash-2.04$ man man - Error executing formatting or display command. - System command (cd /usr/man ; (echo -e ".pl 1100i"; cat /usr/man/man1/man.1; echo ".pl \n(nlu+10") | /usr/bin/tbl | /usr/bin/groff -Tascii -mandoc | less -is) exited with status 32512. - No manual entry for man -@end example - -You also need /bin/sh, which is found in the @samp{ash} package. -You must install this too. - -In addition, before you can use @samp{man -k} or @samp{apropos}, you -must create the whatis database. Just run the command - -@example - /usr/sbin/makewhatis -@end example - -(it may take a minute to complete). - -@subsection Why doesn't chmod work? - -@samp{ntsec} will allow UNIX permissions in Windows NT on NTFS file -systems. This is on by default (a recent change). - -@samp{ntea} works on NTFS @emph{and} FAT but it creates a huge, -@strong{undeletable} file on FAT filesystems. - -(The @samp{ntsec} and @samp{ntea} settings are values for the -@samp{CYGWIN} environment variable. See the Cygwin User's Guide at -@file{http://cygwin.com/cygwin-ug-net/cygwin-ug-net.html} for more -information on this variable and its settings.) - -There is no solution at all for Windows 9x. - -If you have an application that requires a certain permission mode on a -file, you may be able to work around this requirement by modifying the -application's source code. For a hint, based on work done by Corinna -Vinschen for OpenSSH, see this message from the cygwin mailing list: -@file{http://cygwin.com/ml/cygwin/2000-11/msg01176.html}. - -@subsection Why doesn't @samp{mkdir -p} work on a network share? - -Starting with @samp{coreutils-5.3.0-6} and @samp{cygwin-1.5.17}, you can -do something like this: - -@example -bash$ mkdir -p //MACHINE/Share/path/to/new/dir -@end example - -However, coreutils expects Unix path names, so something like -@samp{mkdir -p \\\\machine\\share\\path} will fail. - -@subsection Why doesn't my shell script work? - -There are two basic problems you might run into. One is the fact that -/bin/sh is really ash, and is missing some features you might expect -in /bin/sh, particularly if you are used to /bin/sh actually being -bash (Linux) or ksh (Tru64). For example: - -@itemize bullet -@item No `~' expansion (use $HOME instead) -@item No job control -@item No getopts -@item No let -@item No functions exported -@item Must use `.' instead of `source' (true of sh and ksh too, not just ash) -@end itemize - -Or, it could be a permission problem, and Cygwin doesn't understand that -your script is executable. Because @samp{chmod} may not work (see FAQ -entry above), Cygwin must read the contents of files to determine if -they are executable. If your script does not start with - -@example - #! /bin/sh -@end example - -(or any path to a script interpreter, it does not have to be /bin/sh) -then Cygwin will not know it is an executable script. The Bourne shell -idiom - -@example - : - # This is the 2nd line, assume processing by /bin/sh -@end example - -also works. - -Note that you can use @samp{mount -x} to force Cygwin to treat all files -under the mount point as executable. This can be used for individual -files as well as directories. Then Cygwin will not bother to read files -to determine whether they are executable. - -@subsection How do I print under Cygwin? - -There is no working lp or lpr system as you would find on UNIX. - -Jason Tishler has written a couple of messages that explain how to use -a2ps (for nicely formatted text in PostScript) and ghostscript (to print -PostScript files on non-PostScript Windows printers). Start at -@file{http://cygwin.com/ml/cygwin/2001-04/msg00657.html}. Note that the -@samp{file} command is now available as part of Cygwin setup. - -Alternatively, on NT, you can use the Windows @samp{print} command. (It -does not seem to be available on Win9x.) Type - -@example - bash$ print /\? -@end example - -for usage instructions (note the @samp{?} must be escaped from the -shell). - -Finally, you can simply @samp{cat} the file to the printer's share name: - -@example - bash$ cat myfile > //host/printer -@end example - -You may need to press the formfeed button on your printer or append the -formfeed character to your file. - -@subsection Why don't international (Unicode) characters work? - -Internationalization is a complex issue. The short answer is that -Cygwin is not Unicode-aware, so things that might work in Linux will -not necessarily work on Cygwin. However, some things do work. To type -international characters (£هنِ) in @code{bash}, add the following -lines to your @code{~/.inputrc} file and restart @code{bash}: - -@example - set meta-flag on - set convert-meta off - set output-meta on - set input-meta on - set kanji-code sjis - set meta-flag on -@end example - -These are options to the @code{readline} library, which you can read -about in the @code{bash(1)} and @code{readline(3)} man pages. Other -tools that do not use @code{readline} for display, such as @code{less} -and @code{ls}, require additional settings, which could be put in your -@code{~/.bashrc}: -@example -alias less='/bin/less -r' -alias ls='/bin/ls -F --color=tty --show-control-chars' -export LANG="ja_JP.SJIS" -export OUTPUT_CHARSET="sjis" -@end example -These examples use the Japanese Shift-JIS character set, obviously -you will want to change them for your own locale. - - -@subsection Why don't cursor keys work under Win95/Win98? - -@strong{(Please note: This section has not yet been updated for the latest -net release.)} - -Careful examination shows that they not just non-functional, but -rather behave strangely, for example, with NumLock off, keys on numeric -keyboard work, until you press usual cursor keys, when even numeric -stop working, but they start working again after hitting alphanumeric -key, etc. This reported to happen on localized versions of Win98 and -Win95, and not specific to Cygwin; there are known cases of Alt+Enter -(fullscreen/windowed toggle) not working and shifts sticking with -other programs. The cause of this problem is Microsoft keyboard -localizer which by default installed in 'autoexec.bat'. Corresponding -line looks like: - -@example -keyb ru,,C:\WINDOWS\COMMAND\keybrd3.sys -@end example - -(That's for russian locale.) You should comment that line if you want -your keys working properly. Of course, this will deprive you of your -local alphabet keyboard support, so you should think about -another localizer. ex-USSR users are of course knowledgeable of Keyrus -localizer, and it might work for other locales too, since it has keyboard -layout editor. But it has russian messages and documentation ;-( -Reference URL is http://www.hnet.ru/software/contrib/Utils/KeyRus/ -(note the you may need to turn off Windows logo for Keyrus to operate -properly). - -@subsection Is it OK to have multiple copies of the DLL? - -You should only have one copy of the Cygwin DLL on your system. If you -have multiple versions, they will conflict and cause problems. - -If you get the error "shared region is corrupted" or "shared region -version mismatch" it means you have multiple versions of cygwin1.dll -running at the same time. This could happen, for example, if you update -cygwin1.dll without exiting @emph{all} Cygwin apps (including inetd) -beforehand. - -The only DLL that is sanctioned by the Cygwin project is the one that -you get by running @file{http://cygwin.com/setup.exe}, installed in the -directory controlled by this program. If you have other versions on -your system and desire help from the cygwin project, you should delete -or rename all DLLs that are not installed by @file{setup.exe}. - -If you're trying to find multiple versions of the DLL that are causing -this problem, reboot first, in case DLLs still loaded in memory are the -cause. Then use the Windows System find utility to search your whole -machine, not just components in your PATH (as 'type' would do) or -cygwin-mounted filesystems (as Cygwin 'find' would do). - -@subsection Why isn't package XYZ available in Cygwin? - -Probably because there is nobody willing or able to maintain it. It -takes time, and the priority for the Cygwin Team is the Cygwin package. -The rest is a volunteer effort. Want to contribute? See -@file{http://cygwin.com/setup.html}. - -@subsection Why is the Cygwin package of XYZ so out of date? - -(Also: Why is the version of package XYZ older than the version that I -can download from the XYZ web site? Why is the version of package XYZ -older than the version that I installed on my linux system? Is there -something special about Cygwin which requires that only an older version -of package XYZ will work on it?) - -Every package in the Cygwin distribution has a maintainer who is -responsible for sending out updates of the package. This person is a -volunteer who is rarely the same person as the official developer of the -package. If you notice that a version of a package seems to be out of -date, the reason is usually pretty simple -- the person who is -maintaining the package hasn't gotten around to updating it yet. Rarely, -the newer package actually requires complex changes that the maintainer -is working out. - -If you urgently need an update, sending a polite message to the cygwin -mailing list pinging the maintainer is perfectly acceptable. There are -no guarantees that the maintainer will have time to update the package -or that you'll receive a response to your request, however. - -Remeber that the operative term here is "volunteer". - -@subsection How can I access other drives? - -You have some flexibility here. - -Cygwin has a builtin "cygdrive prefix" for drives that are not mounted. -You can access any drive, say Z:, as '/cygdrive/z/'. - -In some applications (notably bash), you can use the familiar windows -<drive>:/path/, using posix forward-slashes ('/') instead of Windows -backward-slashes ('\'). (But see the warning below!) This maps in the -obvious way to the Windows path, but will be converted internally to use -the Cygwin path, following mounts (default or explicit). For example: -@example - bash$ cd C:/Windows - bash$ pwd - /cygdrive/c/Windows -@end example -and -@example - bash$ cd C:/cygwin - bash$ pwd - / -@end example -for a default setup. You could also use backward-slashes in the -Windows path, but these would have to be escaped from the shell. - -@strong{Warning:} There is some ambiguity in going from a Windows path -to the posix path, because different posix paths, through different -mount points, could map to the same Windows directory. This matters -because different mount points may be binmode or textmode, so the -behavior of Cygwin apps will vary depending on the posix path used to -get there. - -You can avoid the ambiguity of Windows paths, and avoid typing -"/cygdrive", by explicitly mounting drives to posix paths. For example: -@example - bash$ mkdir /c - bash$ mount c:/ /c - bash$ ls /c -@end example -Then @samp{/cygdrive/c/Windows} becomes @samp{/c/Windows} which is a -little less typing. - -Note that you only need to mount drives once. The mapping is kept -in the registry so mounts stay valid pretty much indefinitely. -You can only get rid of them with umount, or the registry editor. - -The '-b' option to mount mounts the mountpoint in binary mode -("binmode") where text and binary files are treated equivalently. This -should only be necessary for badly ported Unix programs where binary -flags are missing from open calls. It is also the setting for /, -/usr/bin and /usr/lib in a default Cygwin installation. The default for -new mounts is text mode ("textmode"), which is also the mode for all -"cygdrive" mounts. - -You can change the default @samp{cygdrive} prefix and whether it is -binmode or textmode using the @code{mount} command. For example, -@example - bash$ mount -b --change-cygdrive-prefix cygdrive -@end example -will change all @code{/cygdrive/...} mounts to binmode. - -@subsection How can I copy and paste into Cygwin console windows? - -First, consider using rxvt instead of the standard console window. In -rxvt, selecting with the left-mouse also copies, and middle-mouse -pastes. It couldn't be easier! - -Under Windows NT, open the properties dialog of the console window. -The options contain a toggle button, named "Quick edit mode". It must -be ON. Save the properties. - -Under Windows 9x, open the properties dialog of the console window. -Select the Misc tab. Uncheck Fast Pasting. Check QuickEdit. - -You can also bind the insert key to paste from the clipboard by adding -the following line to your .inputrc file: -@example - "\e[2~": paste-from-clipboard -@end example - -@subsection What firewall should I use with Cygwin? - -We have had good reports about Kerio Personal Firewall, ZoneLabs -Integrity Desktop, and the built-in firewall in Windows XP. Other -well-known products including ZoneAlarm and Norton Internet Security have -caused problems for some users but work fine for others. At last report, -Agnitum Outpost did not work with Cygwin. If you are having strange -connection-related problems, disabling the firewall is a good -troubleshooting step (as is closing or disabling all other running -applications, especially resource-intensive processes such as indexed -search). - -On the whole, Cygwin doesn't care which firewall is used. The few rare -exceptions have to do with socket code. -Cygwin uses sockets to implement many of its functions, such as IPC. -Some overzealous firewalls install themselves deeply into the winsock -stack (with the 'layered service provider' API) and install hooks -throughout. Sadly the mailing list archives are littered with examples -of poorly written firewall-type software that causes things to break. -Note that with many of these products, simply disabling the firewall -does not remove these changes; it must be completely uninstalled. - -@subsection How can I share files between Unix and Windows? - -During development, we have both Linux boxes running Samba and Windows -machines. We often build with cross-compilers under Linux and copy -binaries and source to the Windows system or just toy with them -directly off the Samba-mounted partition. On dual-boot NT/Windows 9x -machines, we usually use the FAT filesystem so we can also access the -files under Windows 9x. - -@subsection Is Cygwin case-sensitive? What are managed mounts? - -Several Unix programs expect to be able to use to filenames -spelled the same way, but with different case. A prime example -of this is perl's configuration script, which wants @code{Makefile} and -@code{makefile}. WIN32 can't tell the difference between files with -just different case, so the configuration fails. - -To help with this problem, starting in @samp{cygwin-1.5.0} it is -possible to have a case sensitive Cygwin managed mount. This is an -experimental feature and should be used with caution. You should only -use it for directories that are initially unpopulated and are due to -be completely managed by cygwin (hence the name). So, the best use -would be to create an empty directory, mount it, and then add files to -it: - -@example -mkdir /managed-dir -mount -o managed c:/cygwin/managed-dir /managed-dir -cd /managed-dir/ -touch makefile -touch Makefile -@end example - -@subsection What about DOS special filenames? - -Files cannot be named com1, lpt1, or aux (to name a few); either as -the root filename or as the extension part. If you do, you'll have -trouble. Unix programs don't avoid these names which can make things -interesting. E.g., the perl distribution has a file called -@code{aux.sh}. The perl configuration tries to make sure that -@code{aux.sh} is there, but an operation on a file with the magic -letters 'aux' in it will hang. - -@subsection When it hangs, how do I get it back? - -If something goes wrong and the tools hang on you for some reason (easy -to do if you try and read a file called aux.sh), first try hitting ^C to -return to bash or the cmd prompt. - -If you start up another shell, and applications don't run, it's a good -bet that the hung process is still running somewhere. Use the Task -Manager, pview, or a similar utility to kill the process. - -And, if all else fails, there's always the reset button/power switch. -This should never be necessary under Windows NT. - -@subsection Why the weird directory structure? - -Why do /lib and /usr/lib (and /bin, /usr/bin) point to the same thing? - -Why use mounts instead of symbolic links? - -Can I use a disk root (e.g., C:\) as Cygwin root? Why is this discouraged? - -After a new installation in the default location, your mount points will -look something like this: - -@example - bash$ mount - C:\cygwin\bin on /usr/bin type system (binmode) - C:\cygwin\lib on /usr/lib type system (binmode) - C:\cygwin on / type system (binmode) -@end example - -(Exactly what you see depends on what options you gave to @code{setup.exe}.) - -Note that /bin and /usr/bin point to the same location, as do /lib and -/usr/lib. This is intentional, and you should not undo these mounts -unless you @emph{really} know what you are doing. - -Various applications and packages may expect to be installed in /lib or -/usr/lib (similarly /bin or /usr/bin). Rather than distinguish between -them and try to keep track of them (possibly requiring the occasional -duplication or symbolic link), it was decided to maintain only one -actual directory, with equivalent ways to access it. - -Symbolic links had been considered for this purpose, but were dismissed -because they do not always work on Samba drives. Also, mounts are -faster to process because no disk access is required to resolve them. - -Note that non-cygwin applications will not observe Cygwin mounts (or -symlinks for that matter). For example, if you use WinZip to unpack the -tar distribution of a Cygwin package, it may not get installed to the -correct Cygwin path. @emph{So don't do this!} - -It is strongly recommended not to make the Cygwin root directory the -same as your drive's root directory, unless you know what you are doing -and are prepared to deal with the consequences. It is generally easier -to maintain the Cygwin hierarchy if it is isolated from, say, C:\. For -one thing, you avoid possible collisions with other (non-cygwin) -applications that may create (for example) \bin and \lib directories. -(Maybe you have nothing like that installed now, but who knows about -things you might add in the future?) - -@subsection How do anti-virus programs like Cygwin? - -Users have reported that NAI (formerly McAfee) VirusScan for NT (and -others?) is incompatible with Cygwin. This is because it tries to scan -the newly loaded shared memory in cygwin1.dll, which can cause fork() to -fail, wreaking havoc on many of the tools. (It is not confirmed that -this is still a problem, however.) - -There have been several reports of NAI VirusScan causing the system to -hang when unpacking tar.gz archives. This is surely a bug in VirusScan, -and should be reported to NAI. The only workaround is to disable -VirusScan when accessing these files. This can be an issue during -setup, and is discussed in that FAQ entry. - -Some users report a significant performance hit using Cygwin when their -anti-virus software is enabled. Rather than disable the anti-virus -software completely, it may be possible to specify directories whose -contents are exempt from scanning. In a default installation, this -would be @samp{@code{C:\cygwin\bin}}. Obviously, this could be -exploited by a hostile non-Cygwin program, so do this at your own risk. - -@subsection Is there a Cygwin port of GNU Emacs? - -Yes! It uses the X11 (@file{http://cygwin.com/xfree/}) Windows -interface. From a remote login shell, this ``emacs -nw'' works fine. -There is also a non-X11 version which just provides the text-only -terminal interface. Use Cygwin Setup to install either one (or both). - -@subsection What about NT Emacs? - -If you want GNU Emacs with a native Microsoft Windows interface, but -without X, then you must use the native Windows port, commonly known -as ``NT Emacs''. You get NT Emacs from any GNU mirror. It is not -available from Cygwin Setup. - -NT Emacs uses the Windows command shell by default. Since it is not a -Cygwin application, it has no knowledge of Cygwin mounts. With those -points in mind, you need to add the following code to your ~/.emacs -(or ~/_emacs) file in order to use Cygwin bash. This is particularly useful -for the JDEE package (@file{http://jdee.sunsite.dk/}). The following -settings are for Emacs 21.1: - -@example - ;; This assumes that Cygwin is installed in C:\cygwin (the - ;; default) and that C:\cygwin\bin is not already in your - ;; Windows Path (it generally should not be). - ;; - (setq exec-path (cons "C:/cygwin/bin" exec-path)) - (setenv "PATH" (concat "C:\\cygwin\\bin;" (getenv "PATH"))) - ;; - ;; NT-emacs assumes a Windows command shell, which you change - ;; here. - ;; - (setq process-coding-system-alist '(("bash" . undecided-unix))) - (setq shell-file-name "bash") - (setenv "SHELL" shell-file-name) - (setq explicit-shell-file-name shell-file-name) - ;; - ;; This removes unsightly ^M characters that would otherwise - ;; appear in the output of java applications. - ;; - (add-hook 'comint-output-filter-functions - 'comint-strip-ctrl-m) -@end example - -If you want NT Emacs to understand Cygwin paths, get -cygwin-mount.el from @file{http://www.emacswiki.org/elisp/index.html}. - -Note that all of this ``just works'' if you use the Cygwin port of -Emacs from Cygwin Setup. - -@subsection What about XEmacs? - -For a concise description of the current situation with XEmacs, see -this message from the Cygwin mailing list: -@file{http://cygwin.com/ml/cygwin/2002-11/msg00609.html}. - -@subsection Is there a better alternative to the standard console window? - -Yes! Use rxvt instead. It's an optional package in Cygwin Setup. -You can use it with or without X11. You can resize it easily by -dragging an edge or corner. Copy and paste is easy with the left and -middle mouse buttons, respectively. It will honor settings in your -~/.Xdefaults file, even without X. - -Don't invoke as simply ``rxvt'' because that will run /bin/sh (really -ash) which is not a good interactive shell. For details see -@code{/usr/doc/Cygwin/rxvt-<ver>.README}. - -@subsection info error "dir: No such file or directory" - -Cygwin packages install their info documentation in the -@code{/usr/share/info} directory. But you need to create a @code{dir} -file there before the standalone info program (probably -@code{/usr/bin/info}) can be used to read those info files. This is how -you do it: -@example - bash$ cd /usr/share/info - bash$ for f in *.info ; do install-info $f dir ; done -@end example -This may generate warnings: -@example - install-info: warning: no info dir entry in `gzip.info' - install-info: warning: no info dir entry in `time.info' -@end example -The @code{install-info} command cannot parse these files, so you will -have to add their entries to @code{/usr/share/info/dir} by hand. - -Even if the dir file already exists, you may have to update it when -you install new Cygwin packages. Some packages update the dir file -for you, but many don't. - -@subsection Why do I get a message saying Out of Queue slots? - -"Out of queue slots!" generally occurs when you're trying to remove -many files that you do not have permission to remove (either because -you don't have permission, they are opened exclusively, etc). What -happens is Cygwin queues up these files with the supposition that it -will be possible to delete these files in the future. Assuming that -the permission of an affected file does change later on, the file will -be deleted as requested. However, if too many requests come in to -delete inaccessible files, the queue overflows and you get the message -you're asking about. Usually you can remedy this with a quick chmod, -close of a file, or other such thing. (Thanks to Larry Hall for -this explanation). - -@subsection Why don't symlinks work on samba-mounted filesystems? - -Symlinks are marked with "system" file attribute. Samba does not -enable this attribute by default. To enable it, consult your Samba -documentation and then add these lines to your samba configuration -file: - -@smallexample - map system = yes - create mask = 0775 -@end smallexample - -Note that the 0775 can be anything as long as the 0010 bit is set. - -@subsection Why does df report sizes incorrectly. - -There is a bug in the Win32 API function GetFreeDiskSpace that -makes it return incorrect values for disks larger than 2 GB in size. -Perhaps that may be your problem? - -@subsection Why doesn't Cygwin tcl/tk understand Cygwin paths? - -The versions of Tcl/Tk distributed with Cygwin (e.g. cygtclsh80.exe, -cygwish80.exe) are not actually "Cygwin versions" of those tools. -They are built with the @samp{-mno-cygwin} option to @code{gcc}, which -means they do not understand Cygwin mounts or symbolic links. - -See the entry "How do I convert between Windows and UNIX paths?" -elsewhere in this FAQ. |