aboutsummaryrefslogtreecommitdiff
path: root/mpw-README
diff options
context:
space:
mode:
Diffstat (limited to 'mpw-README')
-rw-r--r--mpw-README376
1 files changed, 0 insertions, 376 deletions
diff --git a/mpw-README b/mpw-README
deleted file mode 100644
index 767140b..0000000
--- a/mpw-README
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,376 +0,0 @@
-This is basic information about the Macintosh(tm) MPW(tm) port of the
-GNU tools. The information below applies to both native and cross
-compilers.
-
-(Please note that there are two versions of this file; "mpw-README"
-is the source form, and "Read Me for MPW" is the distribution form.
-"Read Me for MPW" has 8-bit chars such as \Option-d embedded in it.)
-
-INSTALLING GNU TOOLS
-
-* System Requirements
-
-To use these tools, you will need a Mac with a 68020 or better or else
-any PowerMac, System 7.1 or later, and MPW 3.3 or 3.4. You will *not*
-need any other MPW compiler unless you want to rebuild from sources,
-nor even any include files, unless you are building actual Mac
-applications. For PowerMac native you will need PPCLink, however;
-also the executables are PowerPC-only.
-
-* Automated Installation
-
-The simplest way to install GNU tools is to run the Install script.
-The script will copy things to where you want to keep them, will build
-a UserStartup file with settings corresponding to where things were
-copied, and offer to put that UserStartup file in your MPW folder.
-
-The Install script does not alter anything in the System Folder, and
-it does not take any action without confirmation.
-
-The Install script will be at the top level of the binary
-distribution, or at the top level of the object directory if
-rebuilding from source. (The sources include a file called
-"mpw-install" at the top level, but it is the source to the Install
-script and cannot be run directly.)
-
-* Manual Installation
-
-If you don't want to run the Install script, you can do installation
-manually; this section describes the steps involved.
-
-The GNU tools can go in any directory that is in your {Commands} list.
-We generally put all the tools somewhere like {Boot}Cygnus:latest:bin,
-and then add to a UserStartup file:
-
- set Commands "{Boot}Cygnus:latest:bin:,{Commands}"
-
-However, the cpp and cc1 programs of GCC are not normally stored here.
-Instead, they will be in a "lib" directory that is alongside "bin",
-and organized by target and version underneath, with names like
-
- :lib:gcc-lib:<target>:cygnus-<version>:
-
-If you build and install everything yourself according to the build
-instructions below, then you will not have any problems. However, you
-may discover that GCC seems unable to find the right cpp and cc1;
-usually this will be because directory names have changed. (Even
-renaming your hard disk will make this happen.) In such cases, you
-have several choices. One is just to add this directory to
-{Commands}, but then you will not be able to get any other cpp or cc1,
-such as those used by a different target or version. Another way is
-to rename your disk and directories to match the prefix used when the
-tools were compiled. Finally, you can set the variable
-GCC_EXEC_PREFIX to point to the library directory:
-
- set GCC_EXEC_PREFIX MyDisk:Stuff:lib:gcc-lib:
- export GCC_EXEC_PREFIX
-
-You may also want to edit MPW's HEXA 128 resource. When GCC is built
-using a native GCC, it is compiled to use a special stack allocator
-function alloca(). While this is very efficient, it means that GCC
-will need considerable stack space to run, especially when compiling
-large programs with optimization turned on. You give MPW more stack
-by editing the HEXA 128 resource of the MPW Shell. A value of "0008
-0000" gives 512K of stack size, which is usually sufficient.
-
-USING GNU TOOLS
-
-* Using Native PowerMac GCC
-
-Using a native PowerMac GCC to produce MPW tools or MacOS applications
-is more complicated than just "gC foo.c", although no more complicated
-than with other Mac compilers.
-
-To build a native PowerMac MPW tool, use this sequence, where hello.c
-is the usual "hello world" program, and genericcfrg.r is the Rez file
-with the code fragment resource:
-
-gC -I{CIncludes} -fno-builtin -Dpascal= -c -g hello.c
-PPCLink hello.o -o hello \Option-d
- "{PPCLibraries}"StdCRuntime.o \Option-d
- "{SharedLibraries}"InterfaceLib \Option-d
- "{SharedLibraries}"StdCLib \Option-d
- "{PPCLibraries}"PPCToolLibs.o \Option-d
- "{PPCLibraries}"PPCCRuntime.o \Option-d
- "{GCCPPCLibraries}"libgcc.xcoff
-rez -d APPNAME='"'hello'"' GenericCFRG.r -o hello
-setfile -t 'MPST' -c 'MPS ' hello
-
-The same sequence works to build a MacOS application, but you set the file
-type to 'APPL' and don't link in PPCToolLibs.o. For further details on
-using MPW to build Mac applications, see the general MPW documentation.
-
-Recent versions of PPCLink have an option to generate the code
-fragment resource and automatically set creator and file type;
-here is what GenericCFRG.r should look like if you have an older
-PPCLink or are using GNU ld:
-
-#include "CodeFragmentTypes.r"
-
-resource 'cfrg' (0) {
- {
- kPowerPC,
- kFullLib,
- kNoVersionNum,kNoVersionNum,
- 0,0,
- kIsApp,kOnDiskFlat,kZeroOffset,kWholeFork,
- APPNAME // must be defined on Rez command line with -d option
- }
-};
-
-In general this port of GCC supports the same option syntax and
-behavior as its Unix counterpart. It also has similar compilation
-rules, so it will run the assembler on .s files and so forth.
-
-The GCC manual includes full information on the available options.
-One option that may be especially useful is "-v", which shows you what
-tools and options are being used; unlike most Mac C compilers, GCC
-directs assembly and linking in addition to compilation.
-
-MPW GCC does feature two extensions to the option syntax; '-d macro=name'
-works just as '-Dmacro=name' does in Unix, and '-i directory' works the
-same as '-Idirectory'.
-
-MPW GCC supports the usual Pascal-style strings and alignment pragmas.
-
-To find standard include files you can set the variable GCCIncludes:
-
- set GCCIncludes MyDisk:MyIncludes:
- export GCCIncludes
-
-GCCIncludes is similar to MPW's CIncludes or CW's MWCIncludes. In
-order to use MPW's usual include files, just say:
-
- set GCCIncludes "{CIncludes}"
- export GCCIncludes
-
-* Using GCC as a Cross-Compiler
-
-If you have a cross-compiler, and you have all of the correct
-target-side crt0 and libraries available, then to compile and link a
-file "foo.c", you can say just
-
- gC foo.c
-
-The output file will be an MPW binary file named "a.out"; the format
-of the contents will depend on which target is in use, so for instance
-a MIPS-targeting GCC will produce ECOFF or ELF executables.
-
-Note that using MPW include files with a cross-compiler is somewhat
-dangerous.
-
-* Using the Assembler and Friends
-
-The assembler ("as") and linker ("ld") are faithful ports of their
-Unix counterparts. Similarly, the binutils "ar", "cplusfilt", "nm",
-"objcopy", "objdump", "ranlib", "size", "strings", and "strip" are all
-like they are under Unix. (Note that "cplusfilt" is usually called
-"c++filt" under Unix.)
-
-* Using GDB
-
-There are two flavors of GDB. "gdb" is an MPW tool that works very
-much like it does in Unix; put a command into the MPW worksheet and
-type the <enter> key to send it to GDB. While "gdb" is running, you
-cannot do anything else in MPW, although you can switch to other
-Mac applications and use them.
-
-"SiowGDB" is also a Mac application, but it is GDB using the SIOW
-package to provide console emulation. Commands are exactly as for the
-MPW tool, but since this is its own application, you can switch
-between it and MPW.
-
-BUILDING GNU TOOLS
-
-This port of the GNU tools uses a configure script similar to
-that used for GNU tools under Unix, but rewritten for MPW. As with
-Unix configuration, there is an "object" directory that may be
-different from the "source" directory. In the example commands below,
-we will assume that we are currently in the object directory, and that
-the source directory is "{Boot}Cygnus:src:".
-
-* Requirements for Building
-
-In addition to the sources, you will need a set of tools that the
-configure and build scripts assume to be available. These tools
-(and their versions, if relevant) are as follows:
-
- byacc tool
- flex (2.3.7) tool (and Flex.skel file)
- forward-include script
- MoveIfChange script
- mpw-touch script
- mpw-true script
- NewFolderRecursive script
- null-command script
- open-brace script
- sed (1.13) tool
- tr-7to8 script
- true script
-
-The scripts are in the sources, under utils:mpw:. You must arrange to
-get the other tools yourself (they are readily available from the
-"usual" net sites, and are also on many CDROMS). In addition, there
-will usually be a set of these available at ftp.cygnus.com, in pub/mac.
-
-You may put the build tools in your usual Tools or Scripts
-directories, or keep them in a separate directories. We prefer to
-make a directory called "buildtools" and we put this in one of our
-UserStartup files:
-
- set Commands "{Boot}Cygnus:buildtools:,{Commands}"
-
-Flex uses an environment variable FLEX_SKELETON to locate its skeleton
-file, so you need to do something like this, preferably in a UserStartup:
-
- Set FLEX_SKELETON "{Boot}"Cygnus:buildtools:Flex.skel
- Export FLEX_SKELETON
-
-* Configuring
-
-Before you can build anything, you must configure. You do this by
-creating an directory where object files will be stored, setdirectory
-to that directory and do a configure command:
-
- {Boot}Cygnus:src:mpw-configure --target <name> --cc <compiler> --srcdir {Boot}Cygnus:src: --prefix <whatever>
-
-If the source directory is not in your {Commands} list, then you must
-supply a full pathname to mpw-configure, since mpw-configure invokes
-itself after switching into each subdirectory. Using a relative
-pathname, even something like ':mpw-configure', will therefore not work.
-
-<name> must be a known target. Valid ones include "m68k-apple-macos",
-"powerpc-apple-macos", "i386-unknown-go32", "mips-idt-ecoff", and
-"sh-hitachi-hms". Not all target types are accepted for all of the
-tools yet.
-
-<compiler> must be the name of the compiler to use. It defaults to "mpwc".
-
- (m68k)
- mpwc MPW C
- sc68k Symantec C
- mwc68k Metrowerks C (Codewarrior)
- gcc68k GCC
-
- (powerpc)
- ppcc PPCC
- mrc Macintosh on RisC (Mister C, aka(?) Frankenstein)
- scppc Symantec C
- mwcppc Metrowerks C (Codewarrior)
- gccppc GCC
-
-Not all compilers will compile all tools equally well! For m68k Macs,
-MPW C has the best record so far (it has problems, but they can be
-worked around), while for PowerMacs, CodeWarrior is the only compiler
-that has successfully compiled everything into running code.
-
-<prefix> is the path that "gcc" will prepend when looking for tools
-to execute. GCC_EXEC_PREFIX overrides this value, so you need not
-include it if you plan to use GCC_EXEC_PREFIX.
-
-As an example, here is the configure line that you could use to build
-native PowerMac GCC:
-
-"{Boot}"Cygnus:src:mpw-configure --cc mwcppc --target powerpc-apple-macos --srcdir "{Boot}"Cygnus:src: --prefix "{Boot}"GNUTools:
-
-* Building
-
-If you use CodeWarrior, you *must* first set MWCIncludes to
-{CIncludes}. This is because you will be building MPW tools, and
-their standard I/O works by making references to data that is part of
-the MPW Shell, which means that the code must be compiled and linked
-with macros that refer to that data, and those macros are in
-{CIncludes}, not the default {MWCIncludes}. Without this change, you
-will encounter problems compiling libiberty/mpw.c, but tweaking that
-file only masks the real problem, and does not fix it.
-
-The command
-
- mpw-build
-
-will build everything. Building will take over an hour on a Quadra 800
-or PowerMac 8100/110, longer if the sources are on a shared volume.
-
-You may see some warnings; these are mostly likely benign, typically
-disagreements about declarations of library and system functions.
-
-* Installing
-
-To install the just-built tools, use the command
-
- mpw-build install
-
-This part of the installation procedure just copies files to the
-location specified at configure time by <prefix>, and, in some cases,
-renames them from temporary internal names to their usual names. This
-install process is *not* the same as what the Install script does;
-Install can copy tools from the installation location chosen at
-configuration time to a user-chosen place, and sets up a UserStartup
-file. Note that while the Install script is optional, the install
-build action performs some tasks would be very hard to replicate
-manually, so you should always do it before using the tools.
-
-* Known Problems With Using Various Compilers to Build
-
-Most versions of MPW C have problems with compiling GNU software.
-
-MPW C 3.2.x has preprocessing bugs that render it incapable of
-compiling the BFD library, so it can't be used at all for building BFD.
-
-MPW C 3.3, 3.3.1, and 3.3.2 will spontaneously claim to have found
-errors in the source code, but in fact the code is perfectly fine. If
-this happens, just set the working directory back to the top-level
-objdir (where the configure command above was performed), and type
-"mpw-build all" again. If it goes on through the supposed error, then
-you got one of the spurious errors. A full build may require a number
-of these restarts.
-
-MPW C 3.3.3 seems to work OK, at least with the aid of a number of
-workarounds that are in the sources (look for #ifdef MPW_C).
-
-Versions of MPW Make earlier than 4.0d2 have exhibited bizarre behavior,
-failure to substitute variables and the like.
-
-Metrowerks CW6 PPC linker (MWLinkPPC) seems to do bad things with memory
-if the "Modern Memory Manager" is turned on (in the Memory control panel),
-but works OK if it is turned off.
-
-Metrowerks CW6 loses bigtime compiling opcodes:ppc-opc.c, which has
-some deeply nested macros. (CW7 is OK.) There is a way to patch the
-file, by substituting constant values. If you need to do this,
-contact shebs@cygnus.com for details.
-
-<Gestalt.h> is missing from {CIncludes} in the MPW version that comes
-with CW7. You can just copy the one in CW7's {MWCIncludes}.
-
-CW8 and later have changes to headers and such that will require changes
-to the source in order to be able to use them to rebuild.
-
-KNOWN BUGS
-
-The declarations for memcpy and memcmp in some versions of header files
-may conflict with GCC's builtin definition. Either use -fno-builtin
-or ignore the warnings.
-
-This is not a bug, but - watch out for cr/nl translation! For instance,
-if config/mpw-mh-mpw is not properly translated because it has been
-copied or updated separately, then everything will almost build, but
-you will get puzzling error messages from make or the compiler.
-
-'/' or ' ' embedded in any device, directory, or file name may or may
-not work.
-
-objcopy -O srec foo.o makes random output filenames.
-
-Mac-x-mips requires -mgas but Unix hosts don't.
-
-GDB will frequently require a '/' on the front of a device name in order
-to recognize it as an absolute rather than a relative pathname.
-
-GDB doesn't seem to use the printer port correctly, although it tries.
-
-The cursor doesn't always spin as much as it should. To get elaborate
-statistics and warnings about spin rates, add this to UserStartup:
-
- set MEASURE_SPIN all
- export MEASURE_SPIN