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-rw-r--r--timezone/europe163
1 files changed, 148 insertions, 15 deletions
diff --git a/timezone/europe b/timezone/europe
index 43b4af3..b99053d 100644
--- a/timezone/europe
+++ b/timezone/europe
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-# @(#)europe 7.78
+# @(#)europe 7.79
# This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
@@ -41,7 +41,10 @@
# 0:00 GMT BST Greenwich, British Summer
# 0:00 GMT IST Greenwich, Irish Summer
# 0:00 WET WEST Western Europe
+# 0:19:32 AMT NST Amsterdam, Netherlands Summer (1835-1937)*
+# 0:20 NET NEST Netherlands (1937-1940)*
# 1:00 CET CEST Central Europe
+# 1:00:14 SET Swedish (1879-1899)*
# 2:00 EET EEST Eastern Europe
# 3:00 MSK MSD Moscow
#
@@ -1371,22 +1374,59 @@ Zone Europe/Monaco 0:29:32 - LMT 1891 Mar 15
1:00 EU CE%sT
# Netherlands
+
# Howse writes that the Netherlands' railways used GMT between 1892 and 1940,
# but for other purposes the Netherlands used Amsterdam mean time.
-# The data before 1945 is taken from
+
+# However, Robert H. van Gent writes (2001-04-01):
+# Howse's statement is only correct up to 1909. From 1909-05-01 (00:00:00
+# Amsterdam mean time) onwards, the whole of the Netherlands (including
+# the Dutch railways) was required by law to observe Amsterdam mean time
+# (19 minutes 32.13 seconds ahead of GMT). This had already been the
+# common practice (except for the railways) for many decades but it was
+# not until 1909 when the Dutch government finally defined this by law.
+# On 1937-07-01 this was changed to 20 minutes (exactly) ahead of GMT and
+# was generally known as Dutch Time ("Nederlandse Tijd").
+#
+# (2001-04-08):
+# 1892-05-01 was the date when the Dutch railways were by law required to
+# observe GMT while the remainder of the Netherlands adhered to the common
+# practice of following Amsterdam mean time.
+#
+# (2001-04-09):
+# In 1835 the authorities of the province of North Holland requested the
+# municipal authorities of the towns and cities in the province to observe
+# Amsterdam mean time but I do not know in how many cases this request was
+# actually followed.
+#
+# From 1852 onwards the Dutch telegraph offices were by law required to
+# observe Amsterdam mean time. As the time signals from the observatory of
+# Leiden were also distributed by the telegraph system, I assume that most
+# places linked up with the telegraph (and railway) system automatically
+# adopted Amsterdam mean time.
+#
+# Although the early Dutch railway companies initially observed a variety
+# of times, most of them had adopted Amsterdam mean time by 1858 but it
+# was not until 1866 when they were all required by law to observe
+# Amsterdam mean time.
+
+# The data before 1945 are taken from
# <http://www.phys.uu.nl/~vgent/wettijd/wettijd.htm>.
+
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule Neth 1916 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 NST # Netherlands Summer Time
Rule Neth 1916 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 AMT # Amsterdam Mean Time
Rule Neth 1917 only - Apr 16 2:00s 1:00 NST
Rule Neth 1917 only - Sep 17 2:00s 0 AMT
Rule Neth 1918 1921 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00s 1:00 NST
-Rule Neth 1918 1921 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 AMT
+Rule Neth 1918 1921 - Sep lastMon 2:00s 0 AMT
Rule Neth 1922 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 NST
Rule Neth 1922 1936 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 AMT
Rule Neth 1923 only - Jun Fri>=1 2:00s 1:00 NST
Rule Neth 1924 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 NST
Rule Neth 1925 only - Jun Fri>=1 2:00s 1:00 NST
+# From 1926 through 1939 DST began 05-15, except that it was delayed by a week
+# in years when 05-15 fell in the Pentecost weekend.
Rule Neth 1926 1931 - May 15 2:00s 1:00 NST
Rule Neth 1932 only - May 22 2:00s 1:00 NST
Rule Neth 1933 1936 - May 15 2:00s 1:00 NST
@@ -1396,10 +1436,13 @@ Rule Neth 1937 1939 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 -
Rule Neth 1938 1939 - May 15 2:00s 1:00 S
Rule Neth 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S
Rule Neth 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00s 0 -
+#
+# Amsterdam Mean Time was +00:19:32.13 exactly, but the .13 is omitted
+# below because the current format requires GMTOFF to be an integer.
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Europe/Amsterdam 0:19:28 - LMT 1892 May
- 0:19:28 Neth %s 1937 Jul
- 0:20 Neth NE%sT 1940 May 17 0:00
+Zone Europe/Amsterdam 0:19:32 - LMT 1835
+ 0:19:32 Neth %s 1937 Jul 1
+ 0:20 Neth NE%sT 1940 May 17 0:00 # Dutch Time
1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00
1:00 Neth CE%sT 1977
1:00 EU CE%sT
@@ -1417,17 +1460,62 @@ Rule Norway 1959 1964 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 S
Rule Norway 1959 1965 - Sep Sun>=15 2:00s 0 -
Rule Norway 1965 only - Apr 25 2:00s 1:00 S
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Europe/Oslo 0:43:00 - LMT 1895
+Zone Europe/Oslo 0:43:00 - LMT 1895 Jan 1
1:00 Norway CE%sT 1940 Aug 10 23:00
1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00
1:00 Norway CE%sT 1980
1:00 EU CE%sT
# Svalbard & Jan Mayen
+
+# From Steffen Thorsen (2001-05-01):
+# Although I could not find it explicitly, it seems that Jan Mayen and
+# Svalbard have been using the same time as Norway at least since the
+# time they were declared as parts of Norway. Svalbard was declared
+# as a part of Norway by law of 1925-07-17 no 11, section 4 and Jan
+# Mayen by law of 1930-02-27 no 2, section 2. (From
+# http://www.lovdata.no/all/nl-19250717-011.html and
+# http://www.lovdata.no/all/nl-19300227-002.html). The law/regulation
+# for normal/standard time in Norway is from 1894-06-29 no 1 (came
+# into operation on 1895-01-01) and Svalbard/Jan Mayen seem to be a
+# part of this law since 1925/1930. (From
+# http://www.lovdata.no/all/nl-18940629-001.html ) I have not been
+# able to find if Jan Mayen used a different time zone (e.g. -0100)
+# before 1930. Jan Mayen has only been "inhabitated" since 1921 by
+# Norwegian meteorologists and maybe used the same time as Norway ever
+# since 1921. Svalbard (Arctic/Longyearbyen) has been inhabited since
+# before 1895, and therefore probably changed the local time somewhere
+# between 1895 and 1925 (inclusive).
+
+# From Paul Eggert (2001-05-01):
+#
+# Actually, Jan Mayen was never occupied by Germany during World War II,
+# so it must have diverged from Oslo time during the war, as Olso was
+# keeping Berlin time.
+#
+# <http://home.no.net/janmayen/history.htm> says that the meteorologists
+# burned down their station in 1940 and left the island, but returned in
+# 1941 with a small Norwegian garrison and continued operations despite
+# frequent air ttacks from Germans. In 1943 the Americans established a
+# radiolocating station on the island, called "Atlantic City". Possibly
+# the UTC offset changed during the war, but I think it unlikely that
+# Jan Mayen used German daylight-saving rules.
+#
+# Svalbard is more complicated, as it was raided in August 1941 by an
+# Allied party that evacuated the civilian population to England (says
+# <http://www.bartleby.com/65/sv/Svalbard.html>). The Svalbard FAQ
+# <http://www.svalbard.com/SvalbardFAQ.html> says that the Germans were
+# expelled on 1942-05-14. However, small parties of Germans did return,
+# and according to Wilhelm Dege's book "War North of 80" (1954)
+# <http://www.utpress.utoronto.ca/publishing/rights/dege_warnorthof80.htm>
+# the German armed forces at the Svalbard weather station code-named
+# Haudegen did not surrender to the Allies until September 1945.
+#
+# All these events predate our cutoff date of 1970. Unless we can
+# come up with more definitive info about the timekeeping during the
+# war years it's probably best just do do the following for now:
Link Europe/Oslo Arctic/Longyearbyen
-# From Whitman:
-# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Atlantic/Jan_Mayen -1:00 - EGT
+Link Europe/Oslo Atlantic/Jan_Mayen
# Poland
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
@@ -1638,7 +1726,7 @@ Zone Europe/Bucharest 1:44:24 - LMT 1891 Oct
# enforcing curfew at the wrong time.
#
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Europe/Kaliningrad 1:22:00 - LMT 1893 Apr
+Zone Europe/Kaliningrad 1:22:00 - LMT 1893 Apr
1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945
2:00 Poland CE%sT 1946
3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
@@ -1795,11 +1883,56 @@ Zone Atlantic/Canary -1:01:36 - LMT 1922 Mar # Las Palmas de Gran C.
# Ignore this for now, as the Canaries are part of the EU.
# Sweden
+
+# From Ivan Nilsson (2001-04-13), superseding Shanks:
+#
+# The law "Svensk forfattningssamling 1878, no 14" about standard time in 1879:
+# From the beginning of 1879 (that is 01-01 00:00) the time for all
+# places in the country is "the mean solar time for the meridian at
+# three degrees, or twelve minutes of time, to the west of the
+# meridian of the Observatory of Stockholm". The law is dated 1878-05-31.
+#
+# The observatory at that time had the meridian 18 degrees 03' 30"
+# eastern longitude = 01:12:14 in time. Less 12 minutes gives the
+# national standard time as 01:00:14 ahead of GMT....
+#
+# About the beginning of CET in Sweden. The lawtext ("Svensk
+# forfattningssamling 1899, no 44") states, that "from the beginning
+# of 1900... ... the same as the mean solar time for the meridian at
+# the distance of one hour of time from the meridian of the English
+# observatory at Greenwich, or at 12 minutes 14 seconds to the west
+# from the meridian of the Observatory of Stockholm". The law is dated
+# 1899-06-16. In short: At 1900-01-01 00:00:00 the new standard time
+# in Sweden is 01:00:00 ahead of GMT.
+#
+# 1916: The lawtext ("Svensk forfattningssamling 1916, no 124") states
+# that "1916-05-15 is considered to begin one hour earlier". It is
+# pretty obvious that at 05-14 23:00 the clocks are set to 05-15 00:00....
+# Further the law says, that "1916-09-30 is considered to end one hour later".
+#
+# The laws regulating [DST] are available on the site of the Swedish
+# Parliament beginning with 1985 - the laws regulating 1980/1984 are
+# not available on the site (to my knowledge they are only available
+# in Swedish): <http://www.riksdagen.se/english/work/sfst.asp> (type
+# "sommartid" without the quotes in the field "Fritext" and then click
+# the Sok-button).
+#
+# (2001-05-13):
+#
+# I have now found a newspaper stating that at 1916-10-01 01:00
+# summertime the church-clocks etc were set back one hour to show
+# 1916-10-01 00:00 standard time. The article also reports that some
+# people thought the switch to standard time would take place already
+# at 1916-10-01 00:00 summer time, but they had to wait for another
+# hour before the event took place.
+#
+# Source: The newspaper "Dagens Nyheter", 1916-10-01, page 7 upper left.
+
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Europe/Stockholm 1:12:12 - LMT 1878 May 31
- 1:12:12 - SMT 1900 Jan 1 1:00 # Stockholm MT
- 1:00 - CET 1916 Apr 14 23:00s
- 1:00 1:00 CEST 1916 Sep 30 23:00s
+Zone Europe/Stockholm 1:12:12 - LMT 1879 Jan 1
+ 1:00:14 - SET 1900 Jan 1 # Swedish Time
+ 1:00 - CET 1916 May 14 23:00
+ 1:00 1:00 CEST 1916 Oct 1 01:00
1:00 - CET 1980
1:00 EU CE%sT