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+# @(#)southamerica	7.6
+
+# This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
+# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
+# tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov for general use in the future).
+
+# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (November 18, 1993):
+# A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is
+# Thomas G. Shanks, The International Atlas (3rd edition),
+# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (1991).
+# Except where otherwise noted, it is the source for the data below.
+#
+# I invented the abbreviations marked `*' in the following table;
+# the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources.
+# Some of these are just plausible excuses for common English abbreviations.
+# Corrections are welcome!
+#		std dst
+#		LMT	Local Mean Time
+#	-2:00	FST FDT	Fernando de Noronha
+#	-3:00	EST EDT	Eastern South America (conflicts with -5:00)
+#	-4:00	AST ADT	Andes*, Antilles*, Asuncion*, Atlantic
+#	-4:00	CST CDT	Chile (conflicts with -6:00)
+#	-4:00	WST WDT	Western Brazil
+#	-5:00	AST ADT	Acre (conflicts with -4:00)
+#	-5:00	EST EDT	Eastern, Ecuador*
+#	-6:00	CST CDT	Archipelago of Columbus*, Central
+#	-7:00	MST MDT	Mataveri*, Mountain
+#
+# See the `africa' file for Zone naming conventions.
+
+# From Guy Harris:
+# From Official Airline Guide - Worldwide Edition (1987).  Countries not
+# listed here do not observe DST, according to the OAG.  Time zone names
+# are pure inventions, and none are supplied for countries not observing
+# DST; updates from natives would be appreciated.  The times that DST
+# starts and ends are based on the assumption that they switch a 2AM just
+# as everybody else does.
+
+###############################################################################
+
+###############################################################################
+
+# Argentina
+
+# From Bob Devine (January 28, 1988):
+# Argentina: first Sunday in October to first Sunday in April since 1976.
+# Double Summer time from 1969 to 1974.  Switches at midnight.
+
+# From U. S. Naval Observatory (January 19, 19889):
+# ARGENTINA           3 H BEHIND   UTC
+
+# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
+Rule	Arg	1930	only	-	Dec	 1	0:00	1:00	D
+Rule	Arg	1931	only	-	Apr	 1	0:00	0	S
+Rule	Arg	1931	only	-	Oct	15	0:00	1:00	D
+Rule	Arg	1932	1940	-	Mar	 1	0:00	0	S
+Rule	Arg	1932	1939	-	Nov	 1	0:00	1:00	D
+Rule	Arg	1940	only	-	Jul	 1	0:00	1:00	D
+Rule	Arg	1941	only	-	Jun	15	0:00	0	S
+Rule	Arg	1941	only	-	Oct	15	0:00	1:00	D
+Rule	Arg	1943	only	-	Aug	 1	0:00	0	S
+Rule	Arg	1943	only	-	Oct	15	0:00	1:00	D
+Rule	Arg	1946	only	-	Mar	 1	0:00	0	S
+Rule	Arg	1946	only	-	Oct	 1	0:00	1:00	D
+Rule	Arg	1963	only	-	Oct	 1	0:00	0	S
+Rule	Arg	1963	only	-	Dec	15	0:00	1:00	D
+Rule	Arg	1964	1966	-	Mar	 1	0:00	0	S
+Rule	Arg	1964	1966	-	Oct	15	0:00	1:00	D
+Rule	Arg	1967	only	-	Apr	 1	0:00	0	S
+Rule	Arg	1967	1968	-	Oct	Sun<=7	0:00	1:00	D
+Rule	Arg	1968	1969	-	Apr	Sun<=7	0:00	0	S
+Rule	Arg	1974	only	-	Jan	23	0:00	1:00	D
+Rule	Arg	1974	only	-	May	 1	0:00	0	S
+Rule	Arg	1974	1976	-	Oct	Sun<=7	0:00	1:00	D
+Rule	Arg	1975	1977	-	Apr	Sun<=7	0:00	0	S
+Rule	Arg	1985	only	-	Nov	 2	0:00	1:00	D
+Rule	Arg	1986	only	-	Mar	14	0:00	0	S
+Rule	Arg	1986	1987	-	Oct	25	0:00	1:00	D
+Rule	Arg	1987	only	-	Feb	13	0:00	0	S
+Rule	Arg	1988	only	-	Feb	 7	0:00	0	S
+Rule	Arg	1988	only	-	Dec	 1	0:00	1:00	D
+Rule	Arg	1989	only	-	Mar	16	0:00	0	S
+Rule	Arg	1989	only	-	Oct	15	0:00	1:00	D
+Rule	Arg	1990	only	-	Mar	 4	0:00	0	S
+# _The Economist_ (8 Jan 1994, p 42) reports that Argentina
+# had DST in 1991-2 and 1992-3, but not in 1990-1 or in 1993-4.
+# It has something to do with electricity companies meeting demand in summer.
+# We don't know the 1991-3 transition times, unfortunately.
+# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
+Zone America/Buenos_Aires -3:53:48 -	LMT	1894 Nov
+			-4:17	-	CMT	1920 May    # Cordoba Mean Time
+			-4:00	-	AST	1930 Dec
+			-4:00	Arg	A%sT	1969 Oct 5
+			-3:00	Arg	E%sT
+
+# Bolivia
+# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
+Zone	America/La_Paz	-4:32:36 -	LMT	1890
+			-4:33	-	LPMT	1931 Oct 15 # La Paz Mean Time
+			-4:33	1:00	LPDT	1932 Mar 21
+			-4:00	-	AST
+
+# Brazil
+
+# From Guy Harris:
+# The OAG lists October 25, 1987 and February 12, 1988 as the starting and
+# ending dates, giving them as "estimated date(s) based on previous year".  We
+# infer a rule here from one example, always a dangerous practice....  Yes,
+# they really do switch on Saturday, according to the OAG.
+# "Brazil/Acre" is for the Territory of Acre; "Brazil/DeNoronha" is for
+# Fernando De Noronha.
+
+# From Bob Devine (January 28, 1988):
+# The only information I found is that there was no DST up to 1985.
+# But there was some before 1952!
+
+# From U. S. Naval Observatory (January 16, 1989):
+# BRAZIL     WEST     5 H  BEHIND UTC    TERRITORY OF ACRE
+# BRAZIL     WEST     4 H  BEHIND UTC    ACRE OCT 23, '88-FEB 11,
+# BRAZIL                                 '89 (ESTIMATED)
+# BRAZIL     CENTRAL  4 H  BEHIND UTC    MANAUS
+# BRAZIL     CENTRAL  3 H  BEHIND UTC    MANAUS OCT 23, '88-FEB 11,
+# BRAZIL     CENTRAL                     '89 (ESTIMATED)
+# BRAZIL     EAST     3 H  BEHIND UTC    COASTAL STATES, RIO, SAO
+# BRAZIL     EAST                        PAULO, BRASILIA
+# BRAZIL     EAST     2 H  BEHIND UTC    COASTAL STATES, RIO, SAO
+# BRAZIL                                 PAULO, BRASILIA OCT 23,
+# BRAZIL                                 '88-FEB 11, '89
+# BRAZIL                                 (ESTIMATED)
+# BRAZIL              2 H  BEHIND UTC    ATLANTIC ISLANDS, FERNANDO
+# BRAZIL                                 DE NORONHA
+# BRAZIL              1 H  BEHIND UTC    OCT 23, '88-FEB 11, '89
+# BRAZIL                                 (ESTIMATED)
+# BRAZIL              3 H  BEHIND UTC    FOR MOST MAJOR AIRPORTS.
+
+# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (November 18, 1993):
+# The mayor of Rio recently attempted to change the time zone rules
+# just in his city, in order to leave more summer time for the tourist trade.
+# The rule change lasted only part of the day;
+# the federal government refused to follow the city's rules, and business
+# was in a chaos, so the mayor backed down that afternoon.
+# Shanks claims Acre stopped observing DST after 1988 Feb 7, but it
+# could just be that his table ran out of room.  We're extrapolating
+# about time zone changes after 1990 Feb 11.
+
+# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
+Rule	Brazil	1914	only	-	Jan	 1	 0:00	0	S
+Rule	Brazil	1931	only	-	Oct	 3	11:00	1	D
+Rule	Brazil	1932	1933	-	Apr	 1	 0:00	0	S
+Rule	Brazil	1932	only	-	Oct	 3	 0:00	1	D
+Rule	Brazil	1949	1952	-	Dec	 1	 0:00	1	D
+Rule	Brazil	1950	only	-	Apr	16	 0:00	0	S
+Rule	Brazil	1951	1953	-	Apr	 1	 0:00	0	S
+Rule	Brazil	1963	only	-	Dec	 9	 0:00	1	D
+Rule	Brazil	1964	only	-	Mar	 1	 0:00	0	S
+Rule	Brazil	1965	only	-	Jan	31	 0:00	1	D
+Rule	Brazil	1965	only	-	Apr	 1	 0:00	0	S
+Rule	Brazil	1965	only	-	Dec	 1	 0:00	1	D
+Rule	Brazil	1966	1968	-	Mar	 1	 0:00	0	S
+Rule	Brazil	1966	1967	-	Nov	 1	 0:00	1	D
+Rule	Brazil	1985	only	-	Nov	 2	 0:00	1	D
+Rule	Brazil	1986	only	-	Mar	15	 0:00	0	S
+Rule	Brazil	1986	1987	-	Oct	Sat<=28	 0:00	1	D
+Rule	Brazil	1987	only	-	Feb	14	 0:00	0	S
+Rule	Brazil	1988	only	-	Feb	 7	 0:00	0	S
+Rule	Brazil	1989	only	-	Jan	22	 0:00	0	S
+Rule	Brazil	1988	max	-	Oct	Sun>=15	 0:00	1	D
+Rule	Brazil	1990	max	-	Feb	Sun>=8	 0:00	0	S
+# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
+Zone America/Noronha	-2:09:40 -	LMT	1914
+			-2:00	-	FST	1963 Dec 9
+			-2:00	Brazil	F%sT
+Zone America/Sao_Paulo	-3:06:28 -	LMT	1914
+			-3:00	Brazil	E%sT
+Zone America/Manaus	-4:00:04 -	LMT	1914
+			-4:00	-	WST	1963 Dec 9
+			-4:00	Brazil	W%sT
+# Rio_Branco is too ambiguous, since there's a Rio Branco in Uruguay too.
+Zone America/Porto_Acre	-4:31:12 -	LMT	1914
+			-5:00	-	AST	1963 Dec 9
+			-5:00	Brazil	A%sT
+#
+# Martin Vaz and Trinidade are like America/Noronha.
+
+
+# Chile
+
+# From Guy Harris:
+# The OAG lists October 11, 1987 and March 12, 1988 as the starting and
+# ending dates, giving them as "estimated date(s) based on previous year."
+
+# From Bob Devine (January 28, 1988):
+# Chile has had 2nd Sunday in October to 2nd Sunday in March DST since 1977.
+# Switch is at midnight. OAG is right.
+
+# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
+Rule	Chile	1918	only	-	Sep	1	0:00	1:00	D
+Rule	Chile	1919	only	-	Jul	2	0:00	0	S
+Rule	Chile	1927	1931	-	Sep	1	0:00	1:00	D
+Rule	Chile	1928	1932	-	Apr	1	0:00	0	S
+Rule	Chile	1969	max	-	Oct	Sun>=8	0:00	1:00	D
+Rule	Chile	1970	max	-	Mar	Sun>=8	0:00	0	S
+# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
+Zone America/Santiago	-4:42:40 -	LMT	1890
+			-4:43	-	SMT	1910	    # Santiago Mean Time
+			-5:00	Chile	C%sT	1932 Sep
+			-4:00	Chile	C%sT
+Zone Pacific/Easter	-7:17:28 -	LMT	1890	    # Mataveri
+			-7:17	-	MMT	1932 Sep    # Mataveri Mean Time
+			-7:00	Chile	M%sT	1982 Mar 14
+			-6:00	Chile	C%sT
+#
+# Whitman says Juan Fernandez Is are like America/Santiago.
+# San Ambrosio, San Felix
+# no information; probably like America/Santiago
+
+
+# Colombia
+# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
+Zone	America/Bogota	-4:56:20 -	LMT	1884 Mar 13
+			-4:56	-	BMT	1914 Nov 23 # Bogota Mean Time
+			-5:00	-	EST
+# Malpelo, Providencia, San Andres
+# no information; probably like America/Bogota
+
+# Curacao
+# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
+Zone	America/Curacao	-4:35:44 -	LMT	1912 Feb 12	# Willemstad
+			-4:30	-	NAST	1965	# Netherlands Antilles
+			-4:00	-	AST
+
+# Ecuador
+# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
+Zone America/Guayaquil	-5:19:20 -	LMT	1890
+			-5:14	-	QMT	1931 # Quito Mean Time
+			-5:00	-	EST
+Zone Pacific/Galapagos	-5:58:24 -	LMT	1931 # Puerto Baquerizo Moreno
+			-5:00	-	EST	1986
+			-6:00	-	CST
+
+# Falklands
+# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
+Rule	Falk	1912	only	-	Mar	12	0:00	0	S
+Rule	Falk	1937	1938	-	Sep	lastSun	0:00	1:00	D
+Rule	Falk	1938	1942	-	Mar	Sun>=19	0:00	0	S
+Rule	Falk	1939	only	-	Oct	1	0:00	1:00	D
+Rule	Falk	1940	1942	-	Sep	lastSun	0:00	1:00	D
+Rule	Falk	1943	only	-	Jan	1	0:00	0	S
+Rule	Falk	1983	only	-	Sep	lastSun	0:00	1:00	D
+Rule	Falk	1984	1985	-	Apr	lastSun	0:00	0	S
+Rule	Falk	1984	only	-	Sep	16	0:00	1:00	D
+Rule	Falk	1985	max	-	Sep	Sun>=9	0:00	1:00	D
+Rule	Falk	1986	max	-	Apr	Sun>=16	0:00	0	S
+# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
+Zone Atlantic/Stanley	-3:51:24 -	LMT	1890
+			-3:51	-	SMT	1912 Mar 12  # Stanley Mean Time
+			-4:00	Falk	A%sT	1983 May
+			-3:00	Falk	E%sT	1985 Sep 15
+			-4:00	Falk	A%sT
+
+# French Guiana
+# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
+Zone America/Cayenne	-3:29:20 -	LMT	1911 Jul
+			-4:00	-	AST	1967 Oct
+			-3:00	-	EST
+
+# Guyana
+# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
+Zone	America/Guyana	-3:52:40 -	LMT	1915 Mar	# Georgetown
+			-3:45	-	BGST	1975 Jul 31  # British Guiana ST
+			-3:00	-	EST
+
+
+# Paraguay
+
+# From Bob Devine (January 28, 1988):
+# Paraguay: First day in October to last in March.  Midnight switch??
+# Since 1980.
+
+# From U. S. Naval Observatory (January 19, 1989):
+# PARAGUAY            4 H  BEHIND UTC
+# PARAGUAY            3 H  BEHIND UTC    OCT 1, '88-MAR 31, '89
+
+# From Shanks (1991):
+# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
+Rule	Para	1974	only	-	Apr	 1	0:00	0	S
+Rule	Para	1975	1978	-	Oct	 1	0:00	1:00	D
+Rule	Para	1975	1978	-	Mar	 1	0:00	0	S
+# Shanks says 1979 was all DST.
+Rule	Para	1980	max	-	Apr	 1	0:00	0	S
+Rule	Para	1980	1988	-	Oct	 1	0:00	1:00	D
+Rule	Para	1989	only	-	Oct	22	0:00	1:00	D
+Rule	Para	1990	max	-	Oct	 1	0:00	1:00	D
+# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
+Zone America/Asuncion	-3:50:40 -	LMT	1890
+			-3:51	-	AMT	1931 Oct 10 # Asuncion Mean Time
+			-4:00	-	AST	1972 Oct
+			-3:00	-	EST	1974 Apr
+			-4:00	Para	A%sT
+
+# Peru
+# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
+Rule	Peru	1908	only	-	Jul	28	0:00	0	S
+Rule	Peru	1938	only	-	Jan	 1	0:00	1:00	D
+Rule	Peru	1938	only	-	Apr	 1	0:00	0	S
+Rule	Peru	1938	1939	-	Sep	lastSun	0:00	1:00	D
+Rule	Peru	1939	1940	-	Mar	Sun>=24	0:00	0	S
+Rule	Peru	1987	only	-	Jan	 1	0:00	1:00	D
+Rule	Peru	1987	only	-	Apr	 1	0:00	0	S
+Rule	Peru	1990	only	-	Jan	 1	0:00	1:00	D
+Rule	Peru	1990	only	-	Apr	 1	0:00	0	S
+# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
+Zone	America/Lima	-5:08:12 -	LMT	1890
+			-5:09	-	LMT	1908 Jul 28
+			-5:00	Peru	E%sT
+
+# South Georgia
+# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
+Zone Atlantic/South_Georgia -2:26:08 -	LMT	1890		# Grytviken
+			-2:00	-	FST
+
+# South Sandwich Is
+# no information
+
+# Suriname
+# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
+Zone America/Paramaribo	-3:40:40 -	LMT	1911
+			-3:40:52 -	PMT	1935     # Paramaribo Mean Time
+			-3:40:36 -	PMT	1945 Oct # The capital moved?
+			-3:30	-	DGST	1984 Oct # Dutch Guiana Std Time
+			-3:00	-	EST
+
+# Trinidad and Tobago
+# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
+Zone America/Port_of_Spain -4:06:04 -	LMT	1912 Mar 2
+			-4:00	-	AST
+
+# Uruguay
+# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (November 18, 1993):
+# Uruguay wins the prize for the strangest peacetime manipulation of the rules.
+# Your guess is as good as mine for what happened after 1989.
+# From Shanks (1991):
+# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
+Rule	Uruguay	1920	only	-	May	 1	 0:00	0	S
+# Whitman gives 1923 Oct 1; go with Shanks.
+Rule	Uruguay	1923	only	-	Oct	 2	 0:00	0:30	HD
+Rule	Uruguay	1924	1926	-	Apr	 1	 0:00	0	S
+Rule	Uruguay	1924	1925	-	Oct	 1	 0:00	0:30	HD
+Rule	Uruguay	1933	1935	-	Oct	lastSun	 0:00	0:30	HD
+# Shanks gives 1935 Apr 1 0:00 and 1936 Mar 30 0:00; go with Whitman.
+Rule	Uruguay	1934	1936	-	Mar	Sat>=25	23:30s	0	S
+Rule	Uruguay	1936	only	-	Nov	 1	 0:00	0:30	HD
+Rule	Uruguay	1937	1941	-	Mar	lastSun	 0:00	0	S
+# Whitman gives 1937 Oct 3; go with Shanks.
+Rule	Uruguay	1937	1940	-	Oct	lastSun	 0:00	0:30	HD
+# Whitman gives 1941 Oct 24 - 1942 Mar 27, 1942 Dec 14 - 1943 Apr 13,
+# and 1943 Apr 13 ``to present time''; go with Shanks.
+Rule	Uruguay	1941	only	-	Aug	 1	 0:00	0	S
+Rule	Uruguay	1942	only	-	Jan	 1	 0:00	0:30	HD
+Rule	Uruguay	1942	only	-	Dec	14	 0:00	1:00	D
+Rule	Uruguay	1943	only	-	Mar	14	 0:00	0	S
+Rule	Uruguay	1959	only	-	May	24	 0:00	1:00	D
+Rule	Uruguay	1959	only	-	Nov	15	 0:00	0	S
+Rule	Uruguay	1960	only	-	Jan	17	 0:00	1:00	D
+Rule	Uruguay	1960	only	-	Mar	 6	 0:00	0	S
+Rule	Uruguay	1965	1967	-	Apr	Sun>=1	 0:00	1:00	D
+Rule	Uruguay	1965	only	-	Sep	26	 0:00	0	S
+Rule	Uruguay	1966	1967	-	Oct	31	 0:00	0	S
+Rule	Uruguay	1968	1970	-	May	27	 0:00	0:30	HD
+Rule	Uruguay	1968	1970	-	Dec	 2	 0:00	0	S
+Rule	Uruguay	1972	only	-	Apr	24	 0:00	1:00	D
+Rule	Uruguay	1972	only	-	Aug	15	 0:00	0	S
+Rule	Uruguay	1974	only	-	Mar	10	 0:00	0:30	HD
+Rule	Uruguay	1974	only	-	Dec	22	 0:00	1:00	D
+Rule	Uruguay	1976	only	-	Oct	 1	 0:00	0	S
+Rule	Uruguay	1977	only	-	Dec	 4	 0:00	1:00	D
+Rule	Uruguay	1978	only	-	Apr	 1	 0:00	0	S
+Rule	Uruguay	1979	only	-	Oct	 1	 0:00	1:00	D
+Rule	Uruguay	1980	only	-	May	 1	 0:00	0	S
+Rule	Uruguay	1987	only	-	Dec	14	 0:00	1:00	D
+Rule	Uruguay	1988	only	-	Mar	14	 0:00	0	S
+Rule	Uruguay	1988	only	-	Dec	11	 0:00	1:00	D
+Rule	Uruguay	1989	only	-	Mar	12	 0:00	0	S
+Rule	Uruguay	1989	only	-	Oct	29	 0:00	1:00	D
+Rule	Uruguay	1990	only	-	Mar	 4	 0:00	0	S
+# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
+Zone America/Montevideo	-3:44:44 -	LMT	1898 Jun 28
+			-3:45	-	MMT	1920 May  1	# Montevideo MT
+			-3:30	Uruguay	U%sT	1942 Dec 14	# Uruguay ST
+			-3:00	Uruguay	E%sT
+
+# Venezuela
+# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
+Zone	America/Caracas	-4:27:44 -	LMT	1890
+			-4:28	-	CMT	1912 Feb 12  # Caracas Mean Time
+			-4:30	-	VZT	1965		# Venezuela Time
+			-4:00	-	AST