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+# @(#)africa	7.6
+
+# This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
+# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
+# tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov for general use in the future).
+
+# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (November 18, 1993):
+#
+# A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is
+# Thomas G. Shanks, The International Atlas (3rd edition),
+# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (1991).
+# Except where otherwise noted, it is the source for the data below.
+#
+# Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences,
+# Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which
+# I found in the UCLA library.
+#
+# I added so many Zone names that the old, mostly flat name space was unwieldy.
+# So I renamed the Zones to have the form AREA/LOCATION, where
+# AREA is the name of a continent or ocean, and
+# LOCATION is the name of a specific location within that region.
+# For example, the old zone name `Egypt' is now `Africa/Cairo'.
+#
+# Here are the general rules I used for choosing location names,
+# in decreasing order of importance:
+#
+#	Use only valid Posix file names.  Use only Ascii letters, digits, `.',
+#		`-' and `_'.  Do not exceed 14 characters or start with `-'.
+#		E.g. prefer `Brunei' to `Bandar_Seri_Begawan'.
+#	Include at least one location per time zone rule set per country.
+#		One such location is enough.
+#	If a name is ambiguous, use a less ambiguous alternative;
+#		e.g. many cities are named San Jose and Georgetown, so
+#		prefer `Costa_Rica' to `San_Jose' and `Guyana' to `Georgetown'.
+#	Keep locations compact.  Use cities or small islands, not countries
+#		or regions, so that any future time zone changes do not split
+#		locations into different time zones.  E.g. prefer `Paris'
+#		to `France', since France has had multiple time zones.
+#	Use traditional English spelling, e.g. prefer `Rome' to `Roma', and
+#		prefer `Athens' to the true name (which uses Greek letters).
+#		The Posix file name restrictions encourage this rule.
+#	Use the most populous among locations in a country's time zone,
+#		e.g. prefer `Shanghai' to `Beijing'.  Among locations with
+#		similar populations, pick the best-known location,
+#		e.g. prefer `Rome' to `Milan'.
+#	Use the singular form, e.g. prefer `Canary' to `Canaries'.
+#	Omit common suffixes like `_Islands' and `_City', unless that
+#		would lead to ambiguity.  E.g. prefer `Cayman' to
+#		`Cayman_Islands' and `Guatemala' to `Guatemala_City',
+#		but prefer `Mexico_City' to `Mexico' because the country
+#		of Mexico has several time zones.
+#	Use `_' to represent a space.
+#	Omit `.' from abbreviations in names, e.g. prefer `St_Helena'
+#		to `St._Helena'.
+#
+# We typically use traditional English time zone abbreviations,
+# and assume that applications translate them to other languages
+# as part of the normal localization process.
+#
+# I made up the following time zone abbreviations; corrections are welcome!
+#		LMT	Local Mean Time
+#	-2:00	CVT	Cape Verde Time (no longer used)
+#	-1:00	AAT	Atlantic Africa Time
+#	 0:00	WAT	West Africa Time
+#	 1:00	CAT	Central Africa Time
+#	 2:00	SAT	South Africa Time
+#	 3:00	EAT	East Africa Time
+#	 4:00	SMT	Seychelles and Mascarene Time
+# The final `T' is replaced by `ST' for summer time, e.g. `SAST'.
+# BEAT is British East Africa Time, which was 2:30 before 1948 and 2:45 after.
+
+
+# Algeria
+# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
+Rule	Algeria	1911	only	-	Jan	 1	 0:00s	0	-
+Rule	Algeria	1916	only	-	Jun	14	23:00s	1:00	" DST"
+Rule	Algeria	1916	1919	-	Oct	Sun<=7	23:00s	0	-
+Rule	Algeria	1917	only	-	Mar	24	23:00s	1:00	" DST"
+Rule	Algeria	1918	only	-	Mar	 9	23:00s	1:00	" DST"
+Rule	Algeria	1919	only	-	Mar	 1	23:00s	1:00	" DST"
+Rule	Algeria	1920	only	-	Feb	14	23:00s	1:00	" DST"
+Rule	Algeria	1920	only	-	Oct	23	23:00s	0	-
+Rule	Algeria	1921	only	-	Mar	14	23:00s	1:00	" DST"
+Rule	Algeria	1921	only	-	Jun	21	23:00s	0	-
+Rule	Algeria	1939	only	-	Sep	11	23:00s	1:00	" DST"
+Rule	Algeria	1939	only	-	Nov	19	 1:00	0	-
+Rule	Algeria	1944	1945	-	Apr	Mon<=7	 2:00	1:00	" DST"
+Rule	Algeria	1944	only	-	Oct	 8	 2:00	0	-
+Rule	Algeria	1945	only	-	Sep	16	 1:00	0	-
+Rule	Algeria	1971	only	-	Apr	25	23:00s	1:00	" DST"
+Rule	Algeria	1971	only	-	Sep	26	23:00s	0	-
+Rule	Algeria	1977	only	-	May	 6	 0:00	1:00	" DST"
+Rule	Algeria	1977	only	-	Oct	21	 0:00	0	-
+Rule	Algeria	1978	only	-	Mar	24	 1:00	1:00	" DST"
+Rule	Algeria	1978	only	-	Sep	22	 3:00	0	-
+Rule	Algeria	1980	only	-	Apr	25	 0:00	1:00	" DST"
+Rule	Algeria	1980	only	-	Oct	31	 2:00	0	-
+# Shanks gives 0:09 for Paris Mean Time; go with Whitman's more precise 0:09:05.
+# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
+Zone	Africa/Algiers	0:12:12 -	LMT	1891 Mar 15 0:01
+			0:09:05	-	PMT	1911 Mar 11    # Paris Mean Time
+			0:00	Algeria	WET%s	1940 Feb 25 2:00
+			1:00	Algeria	MET%s	1946 Oct  7
+			0:00	-	WET	1956 Jan 29
+			1:00	-	MET	1963 Apr 14
+			0:00	Algeria	WET%s	1977 Oct 21
+			1:00	Algeria	MET%s	1979 Oct 26
+			0:00	Algeria	WET%s	1981 May
+			1:00	-	MET
+
+# Angola
+# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
+Zone	Africa/Luanda	0:52:56	-	LMT	1892
+			0:52	-	LMT	1911 May 26 # Luanda Mean Time
+			1:00	-	CAT
+
+# Benin
+# Whitman says they switched to 1:00 in 1946, not 1934; go with Shanks.
+# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
+Zone Africa/Porto-Novo	0:10:28	-	LMT	1912
+			0:00	-	WAT	1934 Feb 26
+			1:00	-	CAT
+
+# Botswana
+# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
+Zone	Africa/Gaborone	1:43:40 -	LMT	1885
+			2:00	-	SAT	1943 Sep 19 2:00
+			2:00	1:00	SAST	1944 Mar 19 2:00
+			2:00	-	SAT
+
+# Burkina Faso
+# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
+Zone Africa/Ouagadougou	-0:06:04 -	LMT	1912
+			 0:00	-	WAT
+
+# Burundi
+# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
+Zone Africa/Bujumbura	1:57:28	-	LMT	1890
+			2:00	-	SAT
+
+# Cameroon
+# Whitman says they switched to 1:00 in 1920; go with Shanks.
+# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
+Zone	Africa/Douala	0:38:48	-	LMT	1912
+			1:00	-	CAT
+
+# Cape Verde
+# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
+Zone Atlantic/Cape_Verde -1:34:04 -	LMT	1907			# Praia
+			-2:00	-	CVT	1942 Sep
+			-2:00	1:00	CVST	1945 Oct 15
+			-2:00	-	CVT	1975 Nov 25 2:00
+			-1:00	-	AAT
+
+# Central African Republic
+# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
+Zone	Africa/Bangui	1:14:20	-	LMT	1912
+			1:00	-	CAT
+
+# Chad
+# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
+Zone	Africa/Ndjamena	1:00:12 -	LMT	1912
+			1:00	-	CAT	1979 Oct 14
+			1:00	1:00	CAST	1980 Mar  8
+			1:00	-	CAT
+
+# Comoros
+# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
+Zone	Indian/Comoro	2:53:04 -	LMT	1911 Jul   # Moroni, Gran Comoro
+			3:00	-	EAT
+
+# Congo
+# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
+Zone Africa/Brazzaville	1:01:08 -	LMT	1912
+			1:00	-	CAT
+
+# Cote D'Ivoire
+# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
+Zone	Africa/Abidjan	-0:16:08 -	LMT	1912
+			 0:00	-	WAT
+
+# Djibouti
+# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
+Zone	Africa/Djibouti	2:52:36 -	LMT	1911 Jul
+			3:00	-	EAT
+
+###############################################################################
+
+# Egypt
+
+# From Bob Devine (January 28, 1988):
+# Egypt: DST from first day of May to first of October (ending may
+# also be on Sept 30th not 31st -- you might want to ask one of the
+# soc.* groups, you might hit someone who could ask an embassy).
+# DST since 1960 except for 1981-82.
+
+# From U. S. Naval Observatory (January 19, 1989):
+# EGYPT               2 H  AHEAD OF UTC
+# EGYPT               3 H  AHEAD OF UTC  MAY 17 - SEP 30 (AFTER
+# EGYPT                                  RAMADAN)
+
+# From Shanks (1991):
+# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
+Rule	Egypt	1900	only	-	Oct	 1	0:00	0	-
+Rule	Egypt	1940	only	-	Jul	15	0:00	1:00	" DST"
+Rule	Egypt	1940	only	-	Oct	 1	0:00	0	-
+Rule	Egypt	1941	only	-	Apr	15	0:00	1:00	" DST"
+Rule	Egypt	1941	only	-	Sep	16	0:00	0	-
+Rule	Egypt	1942	1944	-	Apr	 1	0:00	1:00	" DST"
+Rule	Egypt	1942	only	-	Oct	27	0:00	0	-
+Rule	Egypt	1943	1945	-	Nov	 1	0:00	0	-
+Rule	Egypt	1945	only	-	Apr	16	0:00	1:00	" DST"
+Rule	Egypt	1957	only	-	May	10	0:00	1:00	" DST"
+Rule	Egypt	1957	1958	-	Oct	 1	0:00	0	-
+Rule	Egypt	1958	only	-	May	 1	0:00	1:00	" DST"
+Rule	Egypt	1959	1981	-	May	 1	1:00	1:00	" DST"
+Rule	Egypt	1959	1965	-	Sep	30	3:00	0	-
+Rule	Egypt	1966	max	-	Oct	 1	3:00	0	-
+Rule	Egypt	1982	only	-	Jul	25	1:00	1:00	" DST"
+Rule	Egypt	1983	only	-	Jul	12	1:00	1:00	" DST"
+Rule	Egypt	1984	1988	-	May	 1	1:00	1:00	" DST"
+Rule	Egypt	1989	only	-	May	 6	1:00	1:00	" DST"
+Rule	Egypt	1990	max	-	May	 1	1:00	1:00	" DST"
+# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
+Zone	Africa/Cairo	2:05:00 -	LMT	1900 Oct
+			2:00	Egypt	EET%s
+
+# Equatorial Guinea
+# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
+Zone	Africa/Malabo	0:35:08 -	LMT	1912
+			0:00	-	WAT	1963 Dec 15
+			1:00	-	CAT
+
+# Eritrea
+# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
+Zone	Africa/Asmera	2:35:32 -	LMT	1870
+			2:36	-	AMT	1890	      # Asmera Mean Time
+			2:35	-	AAMT	1936 May 5    # Addis Ababa MT
+			3:00	-	EAT
+
+# Ethiopia
+# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
+Zone Africa/Addis_Ababa	2:34:48 -	LMT	1870
+			2:35	-	AAMT	1936 May 5    # Addis Ababa MT
+			3:00	-	EAT
+
+# Gabon
+# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
+Zone Africa/Libreville	0:37:48 -	LMT	1912
+			1:00	-	CAT
+
+# Gambia
+# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
+Zone	Africa/Banjul	-1:06:36 -	LMT	1912
+			-1:07	-	BMT	1935	# Banjul Mean Time
+			-1:00	-	AAT	1964
+			 0:00	-	WAT
+
+# Ghana
+# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (November 18, 1993):
+# WATDT is my invention for ``West Africa one-Third Daylight Time''.
+# From Shanks (1991):
+# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
+Rule	Ghana	1918	only	-	Jan	 1	0:00	0	WAT
+# Whitman says DST was observed from 1931 to ``the present''; go with Shanks.
+Rule	Ghana	1936	1942	-	Sep	 1	0:00	0:20	WATDT
+Rule	Ghana	1936	1942	-	Dec	31	0:00	0	WAT
+# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
+Zone	Africa/Accra	-0:00:52 -	LMT	1918
+			 0:00	Ghana	%s
+
+# Guinea
+# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
+Zone	Africa/Conakry	-0:54:52 -	LMT	1912
+			 0:00	-	WAT	1934 Feb 26
+			 1:00	-	CAT	1960
+			 0:00	-	WAT
+
+# Guinea-Bissau
+# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
+Zone	Africa/Bissau	-1:02:20 -	LMT	1911 May 26
+			 1:00	-	CAT	1975
+			 0:00	-	WAT
+
+# Kenya
+# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (November 18, 1993):
+# Shanks says the transition to 2:45 was in 1940, but it must have been 1948.
+# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
+Zone	Africa/Nairobi	2:27:16	-	LMT	1928 Jul
+			3:00	-	EAT	1930
+			2:30	-	BEAT	1948
+			2:45	-	BEAT	1960
+			3:00	-	EAT
+
+# Lesotho
+# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
+Zone	Africa/Maseru	1:50:00 -	LMT	1903 Mar
+			2:00	-	SAT	1943 Sep 19 2:00
+			2:00	1:00	SAST	1944 Mar 19 2:00
+			2:00	-	SAT
+
+# Liberia
+# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (November 18, 1993):
+# In 1972 Liberia was the last country to switch
+# from a GMT offset that was not a multiple of 15 minutes.
+# Time magazine reported that it was in honor of their leader's birthday.
+# For Liberia before 1972, Shanks reports -0:44, and Whitman reports -0:44:30;
+# go with Whitman.
+#
+# From Shanks (1991), as corrected by Whitman:
+# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
+Zone	Africa/Monrovia	-0:43:08 -	LMT	1882
+			-0:43:08 -	MMT	1919 Mar # Monrovia Mean Time
+			-0:44:30 -	LST	1972 May # Liberia Standard Time
+			 0:00	-	WAT
+
+###############################################################################
+
+# Libya
+
+# From Bob Devine (January 28 1988):
+# Libya: Since 1982 April 1st to September 30th (?)
+
+# From U. S. Naval Observatory (January 19, 1989):
+# LIBYAN ARAB         1 H  AHEAD OF UTC  JAMAHIRIYA/LIBYA
+# LIBYAN ARAB         2 H  AHEAD OF UTC  APR 1 - SEP 30 JAMAHIRIYA/LIBYA
+
+# From Shanks (1991):
+# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
+Rule	Libya	1920	only	-	Jan	 1	0:00	0	-
+Rule	Libya	1951	only	-	Oct	14	2:00	1:00	" DST"
+Rule	Libya	1952	only	-	Jan	 1	0:00	0	-
+Rule	Libya	1953	only	-	Oct	 9	2:00	1:00	" DST"
+Rule	Libya	1954	only	-	Jan	 1	0:00	0	-
+Rule	Libya	1955	only	-	Sep	30	0:00	1:00	" DST"
+Rule	Libya	1956	only	-	Jan	 1	0:00	0	-
+Rule	Libya	1982	1984	-	Apr	 1	0:00	1:00	" DST"
+Rule	Libya	1982	1985	-	Oct	 1	0:00	0	-
+Rule	Libya	1985	only	-	Apr	 6	0:00	1:00	" DST"
+Rule	Libya	1986	only	-	Apr	 4	0:00	1:00	" DST"
+Rule	Libya	1986	only	-	Oct	 3	0:00	0	-
+Rule	Libya	1987	1989	-	Apr	 1	0:00	1:00	" DST"
+Rule	Libya	1987	1990	-	Oct	 1	0:00	0	-
+Rule	Libya	1990	only	-	May	 4	0:00	1:00	" DST"
+# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (November 18, 1993):
+# Here's a guess for years starting with 1991.
+Rule	Libya	1991	max	-	Apr	 1	0:00	1:00	" DST"
+Rule	Libya	1991	max	-	Oct	 1	0:00	0	-
+
+# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
+Zone	Africa/Tripoli	0:52:44 -	LMT	1920
+			1:00	Libya	MET%s	1959
+			2:00	-	EET	1982
+			1:00	Libya	MET%s
+
+# Madagascar
+# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
+Zone Indian/Antananarivo 3:10:04 -	LMT	1911 Jul
+			3:00	-	EAT	1954 Feb 27 23:00s
+			3:00	1:00	EAST	1954 May 29 23:00s
+			3:00	-	EAT
+
+# Malawi
+# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
+Zone	Africa/Blantyre	2:20:00 -	LMT	1903 Mar
+			2:00	-	SAT
+
+# Mali
+# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
+Zone	Africa/Bamako	-0:32:00 -	LMT	1912
+			 0:00	-	WAT	1934 Feb 26
+			-1:00	-	AAT	1960 Jun 20
+			 0:00	-	WAT
+# no longer different from Bamako, but too famous to omit
+Zone	Africa/Timbuktu	-0:12:04 -	LMT	1912
+			 0:00	-	WAT
+
+# Mauritania
+# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
+Zone Africa/Nouakchott	-1:03:48 -	LMT	1912
+			 0:00	-	WAT	1934 Feb 26
+			-1:00	-	AAT	1960 Jun 20
+			 0:00	-	WAT
+
+# Mauritius
+# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
+Zone Indian/Mauritius	3:50:00 -	LMT	1907		# Port Louis
+			4:00	-	SMT
+# Agalega Is, Rodriguez
+# no information; probably like Indian/Mauritius
+
+# Mayotte
+# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
+Zone	Indian/Mayotte	3:01:08 -	LMT	1911 Jul	# Dzaoudzi
+			3:00	-	EAT
+
+# Morocco
+# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
+Rule	Morocco	1913	only	-	Oct	26	 0:00	0	-
+Rule	Morocco	1939	only	-	Sep	12	 0:00	1:00	" DST"
+Rule	Morocco	1939	only	-	Nov	19	 0:00	0	-
+Rule	Morocco	1940	only	-	Feb	25	 0:00	1:00	" DST"
+Rule	Morocco	1945	only	-	Nov	18	 0:00	0	-
+Rule	Morocco	1950	only	-	Jun	11	 0:00	1:00	" DST"
+Rule	Morocco	1950	only	-	Oct	29	 0:00	0	-
+Rule	Morocco	1967	only	-	Jun	 3	12:00	1:00	" DST"
+Rule	Morocco	1967	only	-	Oct	 1	 0:00	0	-
+Rule	Morocco	1974	only	-	Jun	24	 0:00	1:00	" DST"
+Rule	Morocco	1974	only	-	Sep	 1	 0:00	0	-
+Rule	Morocco	1976	1977	-	May	 1	 0:00	1:00	" DST"
+Rule	Morocco	1976	only	-	Aug	 1	 0:00	0	-
+Rule	Morocco	1977	only	-	Sep	28	 0:00	0	-
+Rule	Morocco	1978	only	-	Jun	 1	 0:00	1:00	" DST"
+Rule	Morocco	1978	only	-	Aug	 4	 0:00	0	-
+# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
+Zone Africa/Casablanca	-0:30:20 -	LMT	1913 Oct 26
+			 0:00	Morocco	WET%s	1984 Mar 16
+			 1:00	-	MET	1986
+			 0:00	-	WET
+# The following are controlled by Spain, and are like Europe/Madrid:
+# Alboran, Alhucemas Is, Ceuta, Chafarinas Is, Mellila.
+
+# Mozambique
+# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
+Zone	Africa/Maputo	2:10:20 -	LMT	1903 Mar
+			2:00	-	SAT
+
+# Namibia
+# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
+Zone	Africa/Windhoek	1:08:24 -	LMT	1892 Feb 8
+			1:30	-	SWAT	1903 Mar	# SW Africa Time
+			2:00	-	SAT	1942 Sep 20 2:00
+			2:00	1:00	SAST	1943 Mar 21 2:00
+			2:00	-	SAT
+
+# Niger
+# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
+Zone	Africa/Niamey	0:08:28 -	LMT	1912
+			1:00	-	CAT	1934 Feb 26
+			0:00	-	WAT	1960
+			1:00	-	CAT
+
+# Nigeria
+# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
+Zone	Africa/Lagos	0:13:36 -	LMT	1919 Sep
+			1:00	-	CAT
+
+# Reunion
+# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
+Zone	Indian/Reunion	3:41:52 -	LMT	1911 Jun	# St Denis
+			4:00	-	SMT
+
+# Rwanda
+# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
+Zone	Africa/Kigali	2:00:16 -	LMT	1935 Jun
+			2:00	-	SAT
+
+# St Helena
+# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
+Zone Atlantic/St_Helena	-0:22:48 -	LMT	1890		# Jamestown
+			-0:06	-	?MT	1951	# a typo in Shanks?
+			 0:00	-	GMT
+# Whitman says Tristan da Cunha is on GMT, like Atlantic/St_Helena.
+#
+# Ascension, Gough, Inaccessible, Nightingale
+# no information; probably like Atlantic/St_Helena
+
+# Sao Tome and Principe
+# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
+Zone	Africa/Sao_Tome	 0:26:56 -	LMT	1884
+			-0:37	-	?MT	1912	# a typo in Shanks?
+			 0:00	-	WAT
+
+# Senegal
+# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
+Zone	Africa/Dakar	-1:09:44 -	LMT	1912
+			-1:00	-	AAT	1941 Jun
+			 0:00	-	WAT
+
+# Seychelles
+# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
+Zone	Indian/Mahe	3:41:48 -	LMT	1906 Jun	# Victoria
+			4:00	-	SMT
+
+# Sierra Leone
+# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
+Rule	SL	1913	only	-	Oct	26	0:00	0	-
+# Whitman gives Mar 31 - Aug 31 for 1931 on; go with Shanks.
+Rule	SL	1935	1942	-	Jun	 1	0:00	1:00	S
+Rule	SL	1935	1942	-	Oct	 1	0:00	0	-
+Rule	SL	1957	1962	-	Jun	 1	0:00	1:00	S
+Rule	SL	1957	1962	-	Sep	 1	0:00	0	-
+# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
+Zone	Africa/Freetown	-0:53:00 -	LMT	1882
+			-0:53	-	FMT	1913 Jun
+			-1:00	SL	AA%sT	1957
+			 0:00	SL	WA%sT
+
+# Somalia
+# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (November 18, 1993):
+# Shanks omits the 1948 transition to 2:45; this is probably a typo.
+# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
+Zone Africa/Mogadishu	3:01:28 -	LMT	1893 Nov
+			3:00	-	EAT	1931
+			2:30	-	BEAT	1948
+			2:45	-	BEAT	1957	# not in Shanks
+			3:00	-	EAT
+
+# South Africa
+# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
+Rule	SA	1892	only	-	Feb	8	0:00	0	-
+Rule	SA	1942	1943	-	Sep	Sun>=15	2:00	1:00	S
+Rule	SA	1943	1944	-	Mar	Sun>=15	2:00	0	-
+# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
+Zone Africa/Johannesburg 1:52:00 -	LMT	1892 Feb 8
+			1:30	-	SAT	1903 Mar
+			2:00	SA	SA%sT
+# Prince Edward Is
+# no information
+
+# Sudan
+# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
+Rule	Sudan	1931	only	-	Feb	 8	0:00	0	-
+Rule	Sudan	1970	only	-	May	 1	0:00	1:00	" DST"
+Rule	Sudan	1970	max	-	Oct	15	0:00	0	-
+Rule	Sudan	1971	only	-	Apr	30	0:00	1:00	" DST"
+Rule	Sudan	1972	max	-	Apr	lastSun	0:00	1:00	" DST"
+# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
+Zone	Africa/Khartoum	2:10:08 -	LMT	1931
+			2:00	Sudan	EET%s
+
+# Swaziland
+# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
+Zone	Africa/Mbabane	2:04:24 -	LMT	1903 Mar
+			2:00	-	SAT
+
+# Tanzania
+# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
+Zone Africa/Dar_es_Salaam 2:37:08 -	LMT	1931
+			3:00	-	EAT	1948
+			2:45	-	BEAT	1961
+			3:00	-	EAT
+
+# Togo
+# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
+Zone	Africa/Lome	0:04:52 -	LMT	1893
+			0:00	-	WAT
+
+# Tunisia
+# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
+Rule	Tunisia	1911	only	-	Mar	 9	 0:00	0	-
+Rule	Tunisia	1939	only	-	Apr	15	23:00s	1:00	" DST"
+Rule	Tunisia	1939	only	-	Nov	18	23:00s	0	-
+Rule	Tunisia	1940	only	-	Feb	25	23:00s	1:00	" DST"
+Rule	Tunisia	1941	only	-	Oct	 6	 0:00	0	-
+Rule	Tunisia	1942	only	-	Mar	 9	 0:00	1:00	" DST"
+Rule	Tunisia	1942	only	-	Nov	 2	 3:00	0	-
+Rule	Tunisia	1943	only	-	Mar	29	 2:00	1:00	" DST"
+Rule	Tunisia	1943	only	-	Apr	17	 2:00	0	-
+Rule	Tunisia	1943	only	-	Apr	25	 2:00	1:00	" DST"
+Rule	Tunisia	1943	only	-	Oct	 4	 2:00	0	-
+Rule	Tunisia	1944	1945	-	Apr	Mon>=1	 2:00	1:00	" DST"
+Rule	Tunisia	1944	only	-	Oct	 8	 0:00	0	-
+Rule	Tunisia	1945	only	-	Sep	16	 0:00	0	-
+Rule	Tunisia	1977	only	-	Apr	30	 0:00s	1:00	" DST"
+Rule	Tunisia	1977	only	-	Sep	24	 0:00s	0	-
+Rule	Tunisia	1978	only	-	May	 1	 0:00s	1:00	" DST"
+Rule	Tunisia	1978	only	-	Oct	 1	 0:00s	0	-
+Rule	Tunisia	1988	only	-	Jun	 1	 0:00s	1:00	" DST"
+Rule	Tunisia	1988	max	-	Sep	lastSun	 0:00s	0	-
+Rule	Tunisia	1989	only	-	Mar	26	 0:00s	1:00	" DST"
+Rule	Tunisia	1990	only	-	May	 1	 0:00s	1:00	" DST"
+Rule	Tunisia	1991	max	-	Mar	lastSun	 0:00s	1:00	" DST"
+# Shanks gives 0:09 for Paris Mean Time; go with Whitman's more precise 0:09:05.
+# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
+Zone	Africa/Tunis	0:40:44 -	LMT	1881 May 12
+			0:09:05	-	PMT	1911 Mar  9    # Paris Mean Time
+			1:00	Tunisia	MET%s
+
+# Uganda
+# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
+Zone	Africa/Kampala	2:09:40 -	LMT	1928 Jul
+			3:00	-	EAT	1930
+			2:30	-	BEAT	1948
+			2:45	-	BEAT	1957
+			3:00	-	EAT
+
+# Zaire
+# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
+Zone Africa/Kinshasa	1:01:12 -	LMT	1897 Nov 9
+			1:00	-	CAT
+Zone Africa/Lumumbashi	1:49:52 -	LMT	1897 Nov 9
+			2:00	-	SAT
+
+# Zambia
+# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
+Zone	Africa/Lusaka	1:53:08 -	LMT	1903 Mar
+			2:00	-	SAT
+
+# Zimbabwe
+# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
+Zone	Africa/Harare	2:04:12 -	LMT	1903 Mar
+			2:00	-	SAT