Update.

1998-07-17  Ulrich Drepper  <drepper@cygnus.com>

	* debug/catchsegv.sh: Fix several stupid bugs.

	* shlib-versions: Define version for libSegFault.
	* debug/Makefile: Replace shared lib version number while rewriting.

1998-07-17  Mark Kettenis  <kettenis@phys.uva.nl>

	* sysdeps/mach/hurd/dl-sysdep.c (__mmap): Add sanity check.
	Suggested by Roland McGrath.

1998-07-15  Andreas Jaeger  <aj@arthur.rhein-neckar.de>

	* timezone/Makefile: Remove '-L (leapseconds)' for testdata
	generation to control environment.

1998-07-17 09:21  Ulrich Drepper  <drepper@cygnus.com>

	* sysdeps/unix/sysv/sysv4/solaris2/bits/signum.h: Define SIG_HOLD.
	Patch by John Tobey <jtobey@banta-im.com>.

	* manual/llio.texi: Document readv/writev and mmap functions.
	Patch by Michael Deutschmann <michael@talamasca.wkpowerlink.com>.

1998-07-16  Andreas Schwab  <schwab@issan.informatik.uni-dortmund.de>

	* manual/Makefile (texis): Depend on texis.awk.
	(nonexamples): Filter out add-on chapters.
	(chapters.% top-menu.%): Depend on libc-texinfo.sh.
	(stamp-summary): Depend on $(texis) except summary.texi.
	($(inst_infodir)/libc.info): Simplify command.
	* manual/libc-texinfo.sh: Cleaned up to use less temporary files.
	Fix the generation of the detailed node listing to make it
	complete again.
	* manual/math.texi: Fix signature of lgamma_r.

6 files changed, 1164 insertions, 126 deletions

diff --git a/manual/.cvsignore b/manual/.cvsignore
index 01f8968..1d23d99 100644
--- a/manual/.cvsignore
+++ b/manual/.cvsignore
@@ -8,5 +8,5 @@ glibc-*
 *.toc *.aux *.log *.tmp
 *.cp *.cps *.fn *.fns *.vr *.vrs *.tp *.tps *.ky *.kys *.pg *.pgs
 
-chapters chapters-incl1 chapters-incl2 summary.texi stamp-*
+texis top-menu.texi chapters.texi summary.texi stamp-*
 distinfo dir-add.texinfo
diff --git a/manual/Makefile b/manual/Makefile
index 8af1d6c..47656c6 100644
--- a/manual/Makefile
+++ b/manual/Makefile
@@ -48,35 +48,32 @@ endif
 mkinstalldirs = $(..)scripts/mkinstalldirs
 
 chapters = $(addsuffix .texi, \
-	   intro errno memory ctype string mbyte locale message search	\
-	   pattern io stdio llio filesys pipe socket terminal math	\
-	   arith time setjmp signal startup process job nss users	\
-	   sysinfo conf)
-add-chapters = $(wildcard $(patsubst %, ../%.texi, \
-		 $(join $(add-ons:=/),$(add-ons))))
+		       intro errno memory ctype string mbyte locale	\
+		       message search pattern io stdio llio filesys	\
+		       pipe socket terminal math arith time setjmp	\
+		       signal startup process job nss users sysinfo conf)
+add-chapters = $(wildcard $(foreach d, $(add-ons), ../$d/$d.texi))
 appendices = lang.texi header.texi install.texi maint.texi contrib.texi
 
 -include texis
-texis: $(chapters) $(add-chapters) $(appendices) lgpl.texinfo
-	$(AWK) -f texis.awk $^ > $@.T
+texis: texis.awk $(chapters) $(add-chapters) $(appendices) lgpl.texinfo
+	$(AWK) -f $^ > $@.T
 	mv -f $@.T $@
 
-nonexamples = $(filter-out %.c.texi, $(texis))
+nonexamples = $(filter-out $(add-chapters) %.c.texi, $(texis))
 examples = $(filter %.c.texi, $(texis))
 
 # Kludge: implicit rule so Make knows the one command does it all.
-chapters.% top-menu.%: $(texis)
-	AWK=$(AWK) $(SHELL) libc-texinfo.sh \
-	'$(chapters)' '$(add-chapters)' '$(appendices)'
+chapters.% top-menu.%: libc-texinfo.sh $(texis)
+	AWK=$(AWK) $(SHELL) $< '$(chapters)' '$(add-chapters)' '$(appendices)'
 
 libc.dvi libc.info: chapters.texi top-menu.texi
 libc.dvi: texinfo.tex
 
 # Generate the summary from the Texinfo source files for each chapter.
 summary.texi: stamp-summary ;
-stamp-summary: summary.awk $(chapters) $(chapters-incl)
-	$(AWK) -f $^ \
-	| sort -df +1 -2 | tr '\014' '\012' > summary-tmp
+stamp-summary: summary.awk $(filter-out summary.texi, $(texis))
+	$(AWK) -f $^ | sort -df +1 -2 | tr '\014' '\012' > summary-tmp
 	$(move-if-change) summary-tmp summary.texi
 	touch $@
 
@@ -106,8 +103,8 @@ dir-add.texinfo: xtract-typefun.awk $(texis)
 	$(TEXI2DVI) $<
 
 # Distribution.
-minimal-dist =  summary.awk texis.awk libc-texinfo.sh libc.texinfo	\
-		$(filter-out summary.texi, $(nonexamples))		\
+minimal-dist = summary.awk texis.awk libc-texinfo.sh libc.texinfo	\
+	       $(filter-out summary.texi, $(nonexamples))		\
 	       $(patsubst %.c.texi,examples/%.c, $(examples))
 
 doc-only-dist = Makefile COPYING.LIB
@@ -170,9 +167,7 @@ install-%: ;
 
 $(inst_infodir)/libc.info: libc.info installdirs
 	for file in $<*; do \
-	  name=`basename $$file`; \
-	  $(INSTALL_DATA) $$file \
-	    `echo $@ | sed "s,$<\$$,$$name,"`; \
+	  $(INSTALL_DATA) $$file $(@D)/$$file; \
 	done
 
 installdirs:
diff --git a/manual/libc-texinfo.sh b/manual/libc-texinfo.sh
index 88733cb..7f26f8e 100644
--- a/manual/libc-texinfo.sh
+++ b/manual/libc-texinfo.sh
@@ -2,98 +2,71 @@
 
 # Create libc.texinfo from the chapter files.
 
-grep '^@node.*Top' $1 | cut -d, -f-2 |
-    sed 's/, /:/; s/:@node /:/; s/ /_/g; s/:/ /g' >cnodes.$$
-
-$AWK '{ file[$2] = $1; nnode[$2] = $3 }
-END  { for(x in file)
-	if(file[x] != "")
-	    print file[x] ":" x, file[nnode[x]] ":" nnode[x] }' \
-    cnodes.$$ | tsort | sed 's/_/ /g; $d' >corder.$$
-
-[ -z "$2" ] || grep '^@node.*Top' `echo $2 /dev/null | tr ' ' '\n' | sort` |
-    cut -d, -f1 | sed 's/@node //' >xorder.$$
-
-grep '^@node.*Top' $3 | cut -d, -f-2 |
-    sed 's/, /:/; s/:@node /:/; s/ /_/g; s/:/ /g' >anodes.$$
-
-$AWK '{ file[$2] = $1; nnode[$2] = $3 }
-END  { for(x in file)
-	if(file[x] != "")
-	    print file[x] ":" x, file[nnode[x]] ":" nnode[x] }' \
-    anodes.$$ | tsort | sed 's/_/ /g; $d' >aorder.$$
-
-IFS=:
-
->incl.$$
->smenu.$$
->lmenu.$$
-
-while read file node; do
-    echo "@include $file" >>incl.$$
-    echo "* $node:: `sed -n 's/^@c %MENU% //p' $file`" >>smenu.$$
-    lmenu=`sed -n '/^@menu/,/^@end menu/p; /^@end menu/q' $file |
-	sed '/^@menu/d; /^@end menu/d'`
-    [ -z "$lmenu" ] || (
-	echo; echo "$node"; echo
-	echo "$lmenu"
-    ) >>lmenu.$$
-done <corder.$$
-
-if [ -f xorder.$$ ]; then
-
-    (echo; echo 'Add-ons'; echo) >>smenu.$$
-
-    while read file node; do
-	echo "@include $file" >>incl.$$
-	echo "* $node:: `sed -n 's/^@c %MENU% //p' $file`" >>smenu.$$
-	lmenu=`sed -n '/^@menu/,/^@end menu/p; /^@end menu/q' $file |
-	    sed '/^@menu/d; /^@end menu/d'`
-	[ -z "$lmenu" ] || (
-	    echo; echo "$node"; echo
-	    echo "$lmenu"
-	) >>lmenu.$$
-    done <xorder.$$
-fi
+trap "rm -f *.$$; exit 1" 1 2 15
+
+exec 3>incl.$$ 4>smenu.$$ 5>lmenu.$$
+
+build_menu () {
+  while IFS=: read file node; do
+    echo "@include $file" >&3
+    echo "* $node:: `sed -n 's/^@c %MENU% //p' $file`" >&4
+    $AWK 'BEGIN { do_menu = 0 }
+	  /^@node / { sub(/^@node /, ""); sub(/,.*$/, ""); node = $0 }
+	  /^@menu/ { printf "\n%s\n\n", node; do_menu = 1; next }
+	  /^@end menu/ { do_menu = 0 }
+	  do_menu { print }' $file >&5
+  done
+}
 
-(echo; echo 'Appendices'; echo) >>smenu.$$
-
-while read file node; do
-    echo "@include $file" >>incl.$$
-    echo "* $node:: `sed -n 's/^@c %MENU% //p' $file`" >>smenu.$$
-    lmenu=`sed -n '/^@menu/,/^@end menu/p; /^@end menu/q' $file |
-	sed '/^@menu/d; /^@end menu/d'`
-    [ -z "$lmenu" ] || (
-	echo; echo "$node"; echo
-	echo "$lmenu"
-    ) >>lmenu.$$
-done <aorder.$$
-
-$AWK '
-BEGIN { FS=":" }
-
-/^\*/ {
-  printf("%-32s", $1 "::");
-  x = split($3, word, " ");
-  hpos = 34;
-  for(i = 1; i <= x; i++) {
-    hpos += length(word[i]) + 1;
-    if(hpos > 78) {
-      printf("\n%34s", "");
-      hpos = 35 + length(word[i]);
-    }
-    printf(" %s", word[i]);
-  }
-  print ".";
+collect_nodes () {
+  grep '^@node.*Top' "$@" /dev/null | cut -d, -f-2 |
+  sed 's/, /:/; s/:@node /:/; s/ /_/g; s/:/ /g' |
+  $AWK '{ file[$2] = $1; nnode[$2] = $3 }
+	END  { for (x in file)
+		 if (file[x] != "")
+		   print file[x] ":" x, file[nnode[x]] ":" nnode[x] }' |
+  tsort | sed 's/_/ /g; $d'
 }
 
-!/^\*/ { print; }
-' smenu.$$ >smenux.$$
+collect_nodes $1 | build_menu
+
+if [ -n "$2" ]; then
+
+  { echo; echo 'Add-ons'; echo; } >&4
+
+  grep '^@node.*Top' `echo $2 /dev/null | tr ' ' '\n' | sort` |
+  cut -d, -f1 | sed 's/@node //' | build_menu
+
+fi
+
+{ echo; echo 'Appendices'; echo; } >&4
+
+collect_nodes $3 | build_menu
+
+exec 3>&- 4>&- 5>&-
 
 mv -f incl.$$ chapters.texi
 
-(echo '@menu'
- cat smenux.$$
+{
+ echo '@menu'
+ $AWK -F: '
+  /^\*/ {
+    printf("%-32s", $1 "::");
+    x = split($3, word, " ");
+    hpos = 34;
+    for (i = 1; i <= x; i++) {
+      hpos += length(word[i]) + 1;
+      if (hpos > 78) {
+	printf("\n%34s", "");
+	hpos = 35 + length(word[i]);
+      }
+      printf(" %s", word[i]);
+    }
+    print ".";
+  }
+
+  !/^\*/ { print; }
+ ' smenu.$$
  cat <<EOF
 * Copying::                      The GNU Library General Public License says
                                   how you can copy and share the GNU C Library.
@@ -109,7 +82,7 @@ Indices
  --- The Detailed Node Listing ---
 EOF
  cat lmenu.$$
- echo '@end menu' ) >top-menu.texi.$$
+ echo '@end menu'; } >top-menu.texi.$$
 mv -f top-menu.texi.$$ top-menu.texi
 
 rm -f *.$$
diff --git a/manual/llio.texi b/manual/llio.texi
index 459032e..cf3e1a7 100644
--- a/manual/llio.texi
+++ b/manual/llio.texi
@@ -41,6 +41,8 @@ directly.)
                                          or vice-versa.
 * Stream/Descriptor Precautions::       Precautions needed if you use both
                                          descriptors and streams.
+* Scatter-Gather::                      Fast I/O to discontinous buffers.
+* Memory-mapped I/O::                   Using files like memory.
 * Waiting for I/O::                     How to check for input or output
 					 on multiple file descriptors.
 * Synchronizing I/O::                   Making sure all I/O actions completed.
@@ -58,6 +60,7 @@ directly.)
                                          file locking.
 * Interrupt Input::                     Getting an asynchronous signal when
                                          input arrives.
+* IOCTLs::                              Generic I/O Control operations.
 @end menu
 
 
@@ -88,7 +91,7 @@ parameters (using the @samp{|} operator in C).
 @xref{File Status Flags}, for the parameters available.
 
 The normal return value from @code{open} is a non-negative integer file
-descriptor.  In the case of an error, a value of @code{-1} is returned
+descriptor.  In the case of an error, a value of @math{-1} is returned
 instead.  In addition to the usual file name errors (@pxref{File
 Name Errors}), the following @code{errno} error conditions are defined
 for this function:
@@ -240,7 +243,7 @@ until the program ends.  To avoid this calls to @code{close} should be
 protected using cancelation handlers.
 @c ref pthread_cleanup_push / pthread_cleanup_pop
 
-The normal return value from @code{close} is @code{0}; a value of @code{-1}
+The normal return value from @code{close} is @math{0}; a value of @math{-1}
 is returned in case of failure.  The following @code{errno} error
 conditions are defined for this function:
 
@@ -422,7 +425,7 @@ If @code{read} returns at least one character, there is no way you can
 tell whether end-of-file was reached.  But if you did reach the end, the
 next read will return zero.
 
-In case of an error, @code{read} returns @code{-1}.  The following
+In case of an error, @code{read} returns @math{-1}.  The following
 @code{errno} error conditions are defined for this function:
 
 @table @code
@@ -564,7 +567,7 @@ is therefore faster.
 You can use the @code{O_FSYNC} open mode to make @code{write} always
 store the data to disk before returning; @pxref{Operating Modes}.
 
-In the case of an error, @code{write} returns @code{-1}.  The following
+In the case of an error, @code{write} returns @math{-1}.  The following
 @code{errno} error conditions are defined for this function:
 
 @table @code
@@ -761,7 +764,7 @@ file takes up less space than it appears so; it is then called a
 @cindex holes in files
 
 If the file position cannot be changed, or the operation is in some way
-invalid, @code{lseek} returns a value of @code{-1}.  The following
+invalid, @code{lseek} returns a value of @math{-1}.  The following
 @code{errno} error conditions are defined for this function:
 
 @table @code
@@ -944,7 +947,7 @@ see @ref{Creating a Pipe}.
 This function returns the file descriptor associated with the stream
 @var{stream}.  If an error is detected (for example, if the @var{stream}
 is not valid) or if @var{stream} does not do I/O to a file,
-@code{fileno} returns @code{-1}.
+@code{fileno} returns @math{-1}.
 @end deftypefun
 
 @cindex standard file descriptors
@@ -1122,6 +1125,341 @@ terminal settings that were in effect at the time, flush the output
 streams for that terminal before setting the modes.  @xref{Terminal
 Modes}.
 
+@node Scatter-Gather
+@section Fast Scatter-Gather I/O
+@cindex scatter-gather
+
+Some applications may need to read or write data to multiple buffers,
+which are seperated in memory.  Although this can be done easily enough
+with multiple calls to @code{read} and @code{write}, it is inefficent
+because there is overhead associated with each kernel call.
+
+Instead, many platforms provide special high-speed primitives to perform
+these @dfn{scatter-gather} operations in a single kernel call.  The GNU C
+library will provide an emulation on any system that lacks these
+primitives, so they are not a portability threat.  They are defined in
+@code{sys/uio.h}.
+
+These functions are controlled with arrays of @code{iovec} structures,
+which describe the location and size of each buffer.
+
+@deftp {Data Type} {struct iovec}
+
+The @code{iovec} structure describes a buffer. It contains two fields:
+
+@table @code
+
+@item void *iov_base
+Contains the address of a buffer.
+
+@item size_t iov_len
+Contains the length of the buffer.
+
+@end table
+@end deftp
+
+@deftypefun ssize_t readv (int @var{filedes}, const struct iovec *@var{vector}, int @var{count})
+
+The @code{readv} function reads data from @var{filedes} and scatters it
+into the buffers described in @var{vector}, which is taken to be
+@var{count} structures long.  As each buffer is filled, data is sent to the
+next.
+
+Note that @code{readv} is not guaranteed to fill all the buffers.
+It may stop at any point, for the same reasons @code{read} would.
+
+The return value is a count of bytes (@emph{not} buffers) read, @math{0}
+indicating end-of-file, or @math{-1} indicating an error.  The possible
+errors are the same as in @code{read}.
+
+@end deftypefun
+
+@deftypefun ssize_t writev (int @var{filedes}, const struct iovec *@var{vector}, int @var{count})
+
+The @code{writev} function gathers data from the buffers described in
+@var{vector}, which is taken to be @var{count} structures long, and writes
+them to @code{filedes}.  As each buffer is written, it moves on to the
+next.
+
+Like @code{readv}, @code{writev} may stop midstream under the same
+conditions @code{write} would.
+
+The return value is a count of bytes written, or @math{-1} indicating an
+error.  The possible errors are the same as in @code{write}.
+
+@end deftypefun
+
+@c Note - I haven't read this anywhere. I surmised it from my knowledge
+@c of computer science. Thus, there could be subtleties I'm missing.
+
+Note that if the buffers are small (under about 1kB), high-level streams
+may be easier to use than these functions.  However, @code{readv} and
+@code{writev} are more efficient when the individual buffers themselves
+(as opposed to the total output), are large.  In that case, a high-level
+stream would not be able to cache the data effectively.
+
+@node Memory-mapped I/O
+@section Memory-mapped I/O
+
+On modern operating systems, it is possible to @dfn{mmap} (pronounced
+``em-map'') a file to a region of memory.  When this is done, the file can
+be accessed just like an array in the program.
+
+This is more efficent than @code{read} or @code{write}, as only regions
+of the file a program actually accesses are loaded.  Accesses to
+not-yet-loaded parts of the mmapped region are handled in the same way as
+swapped out pages.
+
+Since mmapped pages can be stored back to their file when physical memory
+is low, it is possible to mmap files orders of magnitude larger than both
+the physical memory @emph{and} swap space.  The only limit is address
+space.  The theoretical limit is 4GB on a 32-bit machine - however, the
+actual limit will be smaller since some areas will be reserved for other
+purposes.
+
+Memory mapping only works on entire pages of memory.  Thus, addresses
+for mapping must be page-aligned, and length values will be rounded up.
+To determine the size of a page the machine uses one should use
+
+@smallexample
+size_t page_size = (size_t) sysconf (_SC_PAGESIZE);
+@end smallexample
+
+These functions are declared in @file{sys/mman.h}.
+
+@deftypefun {void *} mmap (void *@var{address}, size_t @var{length},int @var{protect}, int @var{flags}, int @var{filedes}, off_t @var{offset})
+
+The @code{mmap} function creates a new mapping, connected to bytes
+(@var{offset}) to (@var{offset} + @var{length}) in the file open on
+@var{filedes}.
+
+@var{address} gives a preferred starting address for the mapping.
+@code{NULL} expresses no preference. Any previous mapping at that
+address is automatically removed. The address you give may still be
+changed, unless you use the @code{MAP_FIXED} flag.
+
+@vindex PROT_READ
+@vindex PROT_WRITE
+@vindex PROT_EXEC
+@var{protect} contains flags that control what kind of access is
+permitted.  They include @code{PROT_READ}, @code{PROT_WRITE}, and
+@code{PROT_EXEC}, which permit reading, writing, and execution,
+respectively.  Inappropriate access will cause a segfault (@pxref{Program
+Error Signals}).
+
+Note that most hardware designs cannot support write permission without
+read permission, and many do not distinguish read and execute permission.
+Thus, you may recieve wider permissions than you ask for, and mappings of
+write-only files may be denied even if you do not use @code{PROT_READ}.
+
+@var{flags} contains flags that control the nature of the map.
+One of @code{MAP_SHARED} or @code{MAP_PRIVATE} must be specified.
+
+They include:
+
+@vtable @code
+@item MAP_PRIVATE
+This specifies that writes to the region should never be written back
+to the attached file.  Instead, a copy is made for the process, and the
+region will be swapped normally if memory runs low.  No other process will
+see the changes.
+
+Since private mappings effectively revert to ordinary memory
+when written to, you must have enough virtual memory for a copy of
+the entire mmapped region if you use this mode with @code{PROT_WRITE}.
+
+@item MAP_SHARED
+This specifies that writes to the region will be written back to the
+file.  Changes made will be shared immediately with other processes
+mmaping the same file.
+
+Note that actual writing may take place at any time.  You need to use
+@code{msync}, described below, if it is important that other processes
+using conventional I/O get a consistent view of the file.
+
+@item MAP_FIXED
+This forces the system to use the exact mapping address specified in
+@var{address} and fail if it can't.
+
+@c One of these is official - the other is obviously an obsolete synonym
+@c Which is which?
+@item MAP_ANONYMOUS
+@itemx MAP_ANON
+This flag tells the system to create an anonymous mapping, not connected
+to a file.  @var{filedes} and @var{off} are ignored, and the region is
+initialized with zeros.
+
+Anonymous maps are used as the basic primitive to extend the heap on some
+systems.  They are also useful to share data between multiple tasks
+without creating a file.
+
+On some systems using private anonymous mmaps is more efficent than using
+@code{malloc} for large blocks.  This is not an issue with the GNU C library,
+as the included @code{malloc} automatically uses @code{mmap} where appropriate.
+
+@c Linux has some other MAP_ options, which I have not discussed here.
+@c MAP_DENYWRITE, MAP_EXECUTABLE and MAP_GROWSDOWN don't seem applicable to
+@c user programs (and I don't understand the last two). MAP_LOCKED does
+@c not appear to be implemented.
+
+@end vtable
+
+@code{mmap} returns the address of the new mapping, or @math{-1} for an
+error.
+
+Possible errors include:
+
+@table @code
+
+@item EINVAL
+
+Either @var{address} was unusable, or inconsistent @var{flags} were
+given.
+
+@item EACCES
+
+@var{filedes} was not open for the type of access specified in @var{protect}.
+
+@item ENOMEM
+
+Either there is not enough memory for the operation, or the process is
+out of address space.
+
+@item ENODEV
+
+This file is of a type that doesn't support mapping.
+
+@item ENOEXEC
+
+The file is on a filesystem that doesn't support mapping.
+
+@c On Linux, EAGAIN will appear if the file has a conflicting mandatory lock.
+@c However mandatory locks are not discussed in this manual.
+@c
+@c Similarly, ETXTBSY will occur if the MAP_DENYWRITE flag (not documented
+@c here) is used and the file is already open for writing.
+
+@end table
+
+@end deftypefun
+
+@deftypefun int munmap (void *@var{addr}, size_t @var{length})
+
+@code{munmap} removes any memory maps from (@var{addr}) to (@var{addr} +
+@var{length}).  @var{length} should be the length of the mapping.
+
+It is safe to un-map multiple mappings in one command, or include unmapped
+space in the range.  It is also possible to unmap only part of an existing
+mapping, however only entire pages can be removed.  If @var{length} is not
+an even number of pages, it will be rounded up.
+
+It returns @math{0} for success and @math{-1} for an error.
+
+One error is possible:
+
+@table @code
+
+@item EINVAL
+The memory range given was outside the user mmap range, or wasn't page
+aligned.
+
+@end table
+
+@end deftypefun
+
+@deftypefun int msync (void *@var{address}, size_t @var{length}, int @var{flags})
+
+When using shared mappings, the kernel can write the file at any time
+before the mapping is removed.  To be certain data has actually been
+written to the file and will be accessable to non-memory-mapped I/O, it
+is neccessary to use this function.
+
+It operates on the region @var{address} to (@var{address} + @var{length}).
+It may be used on part of a mapping or multiple mappings, however the
+region given should not contain any unmapped space.
+
+@var{flags} can contain some options:
+
+@vtable @code
+
+@item MS_SYNC
+
+This flag makes sure the data is actually written @emph{to disk}.
+Normally @code{msync} only makes sure that accesses to a file with
+conventional I/O reflect the recent changes.
+
+@item MS_ASYNC
+
+This tells @code{msync} to begin the synchronization, but not to wait for
+it to complete.
+
+@c Linux also has MS_INVALIDATE, which I don't understand.
+
+@end vtable
+
+@code{msync} returns @math{0} for success and @math{-1} for
+error.  Errors include:
+
+@table @code
+
+@item EINVAL
+An invalid region was given, or the @var{flags} were invalid.
+
+@item EFAULT
+There is no existing mapping in at least part of the given region.
+
+@end table
+
+@end deftypefun
+
+@deftypefun {void *} mremap (void *@var{address}, size_t @var{length}, size_t @var{new_length}, int @var{flag})
+
+This function can be used to change the size of an existing memory
+area. @var{address} and @var{length} must cover a region entirely mapped
+in the same @code{mmap} statement. A new mapping with the same
+characteristics will be returned, but a with the length @var{new_length}
+instead.
+
+One option is possible, @code{MREMAP_MAYMOVE}. If it is given in
+@var{flags}, the system may remove the existing mapping and create a new
+one of the desired length in another location.
+
+The address of the resulting mapping is returned, or @math{-1}. Possible
+error codes include:
+
+This function is only available on a few systems.  Except for performing
+optional optimizations one should not rely on this function.
+@table @code
+
+@item EFAULT
+There is no existing mapping in at least part of the original region, or
+the region covers two or more distinct mappings.
+
+@item EINVAL
+The address given is misaligned or inappropriate.
+
+@item EAGAIN
+The region has pages locked, and if extended it would exceed the
+process's resource limit for locked pages.  @xref{Limits on Resources}.
+
+@item ENOMEM
+The region is private writable, and insufficent virtual memory is
+available to extend it.  Also, this error will occur if
+@code{MREMAP_MAYMOVE} is not given and the extension would collide with
+another mapped region.
+
+@end table
+@end deftypefun
+
+Not all file descriptors may be mapped.  Sockets, pipes, and most devices
+only allow sequential access and do not fit into the mapping abstraction.
+In addition, some regular files may not be mmapable, and older kernels may
+not support mapping at all.  Thus, programs using @code{mmap} should
+have a fallback method to use should it fail. @xref{Mmap,,,standards,GNU
+Coding Standards}.
+
+@c XXX madvice documentation missing
+
 @node Waiting for I/O
 @section Waiting for Input or Output
 @cindex waiting for input or output
@@ -2336,7 +2674,7 @@ the file descriptor returned should be the next available one greater
 than or equal to this value.
 
 The return value from @code{fcntl} with this command is normally the value
-of the new file descriptor.  A return value of @code{-1} indicates an
+of the new file descriptor.  A return value of @math{-1} indicates an
 error.  The following @code{errno} error conditions are defined for
 this command:
 
@@ -2420,7 +2758,7 @@ The normal return value from @code{fcntl} with this command is a
 nonnegative number which can be interpreted as the bitwise OR of the
 individual flags (except that currently there is only one flag to use).
 
-In case of an error, @code{fcntl} returns @code{-1}.  The following
+In case of an error, @code{fcntl} returns @math{-1}.  The following
 @code{errno} error conditions are defined for this command:
 
 @table @code
@@ -2443,7 +2781,7 @@ fcntl (@var{filedes}, F_SETFD, @var{new-flags})
 @end smallexample
 
 The normal return value from @code{fcntl} with this command is an
-unspecified value other than @code{-1}, which indicates an error.
+unspecified value other than @math{-1}, which indicates an error.
 The flags and error conditions are the same as for the @code{F_GETFD}
 command.
 @end deftypevr
@@ -2848,7 +3186,7 @@ individual flags.  Since the file access modes are not single-bit values,
 you can mask off other bits in the returned flags with @code{O_ACCMODE}
 to compare them.
 
-In case of an error, @code{fcntl} returns @code{-1}.  The following
+In case of an error, @code{fcntl} returns @math{-1}.  The following
 @code{errno} error conditions are defined for this command:
 
 @table @code
@@ -2873,7 +3211,7 @@ You can't change the access mode for the file in this way; that is,
 whether the file descriptor was opened for reading or writing.
 
 The normal return value from @code{fcntl} with this command is an
-unspecified value other than @code{-1}, which indicates an error.  The
+unspecified value other than @math{-1}, which indicates an error.  The
 error conditions are the same as for the @code{F_GETFL} command.
 @end deftypevr
 
@@ -3012,7 +3350,7 @@ If no lock applies, the only change to the @var{lockp} structure is to
 update the @code{l_type} to a value of @code{F_UNLCK}.
 
 The normal return value from @code{fcntl} with this command is an
-unspecified value other than @code{-1}, which is reserved to indicate an
+unspecified value other than @math{-1}, which is reserved to indicate an
 error.  The following @code{errno} error conditions are defined for
 this command:
 
@@ -3043,9 +3381,9 @@ on that part is replaced with the new lock.  You can remove a lock
 by specifying a lock type of @code{F_UNLCK}.
 
 If the lock cannot be set, @code{fcntl} returns immediately with a value
-of @code{-1}.  This function does not block waiting for other processes
+of @math{-1}.  This function does not block waiting for other processes
 to release locks.  If @code{fcntl} succeeds, it return a value other
-than @code{-1}.
+than @math{-1}.
 
 The following @code{errno} error conditions are defined for this
 function:
@@ -3213,7 +3551,7 @@ fcntl (@var{filedes}, F_SETOWN, @var{pid})
 The @var{pid} argument should be a process ID.  You can also pass a
 negative number whose absolute value is a process group ID.
 
-The return value from @code{fcntl} with this command is @code{-1}
+The return value from @code{fcntl} with this command is @math{-1}
 in case of error and some other value if successful.  The following
 @code{errno} error conditions are defined for this command:
 
@@ -3227,3 +3565,64 @@ There is no process or process group corresponding to @var{pid}.
 @end deftypevr
 
 @c ??? This section could use an example program.
+
+@node IOCTLs
+@section Generic I/O Control operations
+@cindex generic i/o control operations
+@cindex IOCTLs
+
+The GNU system can handle most input/output operations on many different
+devices and objects in terms of a few file primitives - @code{read},
+@code{write} and @code{lseek}.  However, most devices also have a few
+peculiar operations which do not fit into this model. Such as:
+
+@itemize @bullet
+
+@item
+Changing the character font used on a terminal.
+
+@item
+Telling a magnetic tape system to rewind or fast forward.  (Since they
+cannot move in byte increments, @code{lseek} is inapplicable).
+
+@item
+Ejecting a disk from a drive.
+
+@item
+Playing an audio track from a CD-ROM drive.
+
+@item
+Maintaining routing tables for a network.
+
+@end itemize
+
+Although some such objects such as sockets and terminals
+@footnote{Actually, the terminal-specific functions are implemented with
+IOCTLs on many platforms.} have special functions of their own, it would
+not be practical to create functions for all these cases.
+
+Instead these minor operations, known as @dfn{IOCTL}s, are assigned code
+numbers and multiplexed through the @code{ioctl} function, defined in
+@code{sys/ioctl.h}.  The code numbers themselves are defined in many
+different headers.
+
+@deftypefun int ioctl (int @var{filedes}, int @var{command}, @dots{})
+
+The @code{ioctl} function performs the generic I/O operation
+@var{command} on @var{filedes}.
+
+A third argument is usually present, either a single number or a pointer
+to a structure.  The meaning of this argument, the returned value, and
+any error codes depends upon the command used.  Often @math{-1} is
+returned for a failure.
+
+@end deftypefun
+
+On some systems, IOCTLs used by different devices share the same numbers.
+Thus, although use of an inappropriate IOCTL @emph{usually} only produces
+an error, you should not attempt to use device-specific IOCTLs on an
+unknown device.
+
+Most IOCTLs are OS-specific and/or only used in special system utilities,
+and are thus beyond the scope of this document.  For an example of the use
+of an IOCTL, @xref{Out-of-Band Data}.
diff --git a/manual/math.texi b/manual/math.texi
index 10b3262..4386c2f 100644
--- a/manual/math.texi
+++ b/manual/math.texi
@@ -870,9 +870,9 @@ singularity.
 
 @comment math.h
 @comment XPG
-@deftypefun double lgamma_r (double @var{x})
-@deftypefunx float lgammaf_r (float @var{x})
-@deftypefunx {long double} lgammal_r (long double @var{x})
+@deftypefun double lgamma_r (double @var{x}, int *@var{signp})
+@deftypefunx float lgammaf_r (float @var{x}, int *@var{signp})
+@deftypefunx {long double} lgammal_r (long double @var{x}, int *@var{signp})
 @code{lgamma_r} is just like @code{lgamma}, but it stores the sign of
 the intermediate result in the variable pointed to by @var{signp}
 instead of in the @var{signgam} global.
diff --git a/manual/top-menu.texi b/manual/top-menu.texi
index 2ad64ae..6ff8bd6 100644
--- a/manual/top-menu.texi
+++ b/manual/top-menu.texi
@@ -77,6 +77,26 @@ Introduction
 * Roadmap to the Manual::       Overview of the remaining chapters in
                                  this manual.
 
+Standards and Portability
+
+* ISO C::                       The international standard for the C
+                                 programming language.
+* POSIX::                       The ISO/IEC 9945 (aka IEEE 1003) standards
+                                 for operating systems.
+* Berkeley Unix::               BSD and SunOS.
+* SVID::                        The System V Interface Description.
+* XPG::                         The X/Open Portability Guide.
+
+Using the Library
+
+* Header Files::                How to include the header files in your
+                                 programs.
+* Macro Definitions::           Some functions in the library may really
+                                 be implemented as macros.
+* Reserved Names::              The C standard reserves some names for
+                                 the library, and some for users.
+* Feature Test Macros::         How to control what names are defined.
+
 Error Reporting
 
 * Checking for Errors::         How errors are reported by library functions.
@@ -99,6 +119,68 @@ Memory Allocation
 * Relocating Allocator::        Waste less memory, if you can tolerate
 				 automatic relocation of the blocks you get.
 
+Unconstrained Allocation
+
+* Basic Allocation::            Simple use of @code{malloc}.
+* Malloc Examples::             Examples of @code{malloc}.  @code{xmalloc}.
+* Freeing after Malloc::        Use @code{free} to free a block you
+				 got with @code{malloc}.
+* Changing Block Size::         Use @code{realloc} to make a block
+				 bigger or smaller.
+* Allocating Cleared Space::    Use @code{calloc} to allocate a
+				 block and clear it.
+* Efficiency and Malloc::       Efficiency considerations in use of
+				 these functions.
+* Aligned Memory Blocks::       Allocating specially aligned memory:
+				 @code{memalign} and @code{valloc}.
+* Malloc Tunable Parameters::   Use @code{mallopt} to adjust allocation
+                                 parameters.
+* Heap Consistency Checking::   Automatic checking for errors.
+* Hooks for Malloc::            You can use these hooks for debugging
+				 programs that use @code{malloc}.
+* Statistics of Malloc::        Getting information about how much
+				 memory your program is using.
+* Summary of Malloc::           Summary of @code{malloc} and related functions.
+
+Allocation Debugging
+
+* Tracing malloc::               How to install the tracing functionality.
+* Using the Memory Debugger::    Example programs excerpts.
+* Tips for the Memory Debugger:: Some more or less clever ideas.
+* Interpreting the traces::      What do all these lines mean?
+
+Obstacks
+
+* Creating Obstacks::		How to declare an obstack in your program.
+* Preparing for Obstacks::	Preparations needed before you can
+				 use obstacks.
+* Allocation in an Obstack::    Allocating objects in an obstack.
+* Freeing Obstack Objects::     Freeing objects in an obstack.
+* Obstack Functions::		The obstack functions are both
+				 functions and macros.
+* Growing Objects::             Making an object bigger by stages.
+* Extra Fast Growing::		Extra-high-efficiency (though more
+				 complicated) growing objects.
+* Status of an Obstack::        Inquiries about the status of an obstack.
+* Obstacks Data Alignment::     Controlling alignment of objects in obstacks.
+* Obstack Chunks::              How obstacks obtain and release chunks;
+				 efficiency considerations.
+* Summary of Obstacks::
+
+Variable Size Automatic
+
+* Alloca Example::              Example of using @code{alloca}.
+* Advantages of Alloca::        Reasons to use @code{alloca}.
+* Disadvantages of Alloca::     Reasons to avoid @code{alloca}.
+* GNU C Variable-Size Arrays::  Only in GNU C, here is an alternative
+				 method of allocating dynamically and
+				 freeing automatically.
+
+Relocating Allocator
+
+* Relocator Concepts::		How to understand relocating allocation.
+* Using Relocator::		Functions for relocating allocation.
+
 Character Handling
 
 * Classification of Characters::   Testing whether characters are
@@ -123,6 +205,11 @@ String and Array Utilities
 * Encode Binary Data::          Encoding and Decoding of Binary Data.
 * Argz and Envz Vectors::       Null-separated string vectors.
 
+Argz and Envz Vectors
+
+* Argz Functions::              Operations on argz vectors.
+* Envz Functions::              Additional operations on environment vectors.
+
 Extended Characters
 
 * Extended Char Intro::         Multibyte codes versus wide characters.
@@ -150,11 +237,41 @@ Locales
 * Numeric Formatting::          How to format numbers according to the
                                  chosen locale.
 
+Numeric Formatting
+
+* General Numeric::             Parameters for formatting numbers and
+                                 currency amounts.
+* Currency Symbol::             How to print the symbol that identifies an
+                                 amount of money (e.g. @samp{$}).
+* Sign of Money Amount::        How to print the (positive or negative) sign
+                                 for a monetary amount, if one exists.
+
 Message Translation
 
 * Message catalogs a la X/Open::  The @code{catgets} family of functions.
 * The Uniforum approach::         The @code{gettext} family of functions.
 
+Message catalogs a la X/Open
+
+* The catgets Functions::      The @code{catgets} function family.
+* The message catalog files::  Format of the message catalog files.
+* The gencat program::         How to generate message catalogs files which
+                                can be used by the functions.
+* Common Usage::               How to use the @code{catgets} interface.
+
+The Uniforum approach
+
+* Message catalogs with gettext::  The @code{gettext} family of functions.
+* Helper programs for gettext::    Programs to handle message catalogs
+                                    for @code{gettext}.
+
+Message catalogs with gettext
+
+* Translation with gettext::    What has to be done to translate a message.
+* Locating gettext catalog::    How to determine which catalog to be used.
+* Using gettextized software::  The possibilities of the user to influence
+                                 the way @code{gettext} works.
+
 Searching and Sorting
 
 * Comparison Functions::        Defining how to compare two objects.
@@ -176,11 +293,48 @@ Pattern Matching
 			    arithmetic, and wildcards.
 			    This is what the shell does with shell commands.
 
+Globbing
+
+* Calling Glob::             Basic use of @code{glob}.
+* Flags for Globbing::       Flags that enable various options in @code{glob}.
+* More Flags for Globbing::  GNU specific extensions to @code{glob}.
+
+Regular Expressions
+
+* POSIX Regexp Compilation::    Using @code{regcomp} to prepare to match.
+* Flags for POSIX Regexps::     Syntax variations for @code{regcomp}.
+* Matching POSIX Regexps::      Using @code{regexec} to match the compiled
+				   pattern that you get from @code{regcomp}.
+* Regexp Subexpressions::       Finding which parts of the string were matched.
+* Subexpression Complications:: Find points of which parts were matched.
+* Regexp Cleanup::		Freeing storage; reporting errors.
+
+Word Expansion
+
+* Expansion Stages::	What word expansion does to a string.
+* Calling Wordexp::	How to call @code{wordexp}.
+* Flags for Wordexp::   Options you can enable in @code{wordexp}.
+* Wordexp Example::	A sample program that does word expansion.
+
 I/O Overview
 
 * I/O Concepts::       Some basic information and terminology.
 * File Names::         How to refer to a file.
 
+I/O Concepts
+
+* Streams and File Descriptors::    The GNU Library provides two ways
+			             to access the contents of files.
+* File Position::                   The number of bytes from the
+                                     beginning of the file.
+
+File Names
+
+* Directories::                 Directories contain entries for files.
+* File Name Resolution::        A file name specifies how to look up a file.
+* File Name Errors::            Error conditions relating to file names.
+* File Name Portability::       File name portability and syntax issues.
+
 I/O on Streams
 
 * Streams::                     About the data type representing a stream.
@@ -207,6 +361,83 @@ I/O on Streams
                                  to an open file.
 * Formatted Messages::          Print strictly formatted messages.
 
+Unreading
+
+* Unreading Idea::              An explanation of unreading with pictures.
+* How Unread::                  How to call @code{ungetc} to do unreading.
+
+Formatted Output
+
+* Formatted Output Basics::     Some examples to get you started.
+* Output Conversion Syntax::    General syntax of conversion
+                                 specifications.
+* Table of Output Conversions:: Summary of output conversions and
+                                 what they do.
+* Integer Conversions::         Details about formatting of integers.
+* Floating-Point Conversions::  Details about formatting of
+                                 floating-point numbers.
+* Other Output Conversions::    Details about formatting of strings,
+                                 characters, pointers, and the like.
+* Formatted Output Functions::  Descriptions of the actual functions.
+* Dynamic Output::		Functions that allocate memory for the output.
+* Variable Arguments Output::   @code{vprintf} and friends.
+* Parsing a Template String::   What kinds of args does a given template
+                                 call for?
+* Example of Parsing::          Sample program using @code{parse_printf_format}.
+
+Customizing Printf
+
+* Registering New Conversions::         Using @code{register_printf_function}
+                                         to register a new output conversion.
+* Conversion Specifier Options::        The handler must be able to get
+                                         the options specified in the
+                                         template when it is called.
+* Defining the Output Handler::         Defining the handler and arginfo
+                                         functions that are passed as arguments
+                                         to @code{register_printf_function}.
+* Printf Extension Example::            How to define a @code{printf}
+                                         handler function.
+* Predefined Printf Handlers::          Predefined @code{printf} handlers.
+
+Formatted Input
+
+* Formatted Input Basics::      Some basics to get you started.
+* Input Conversion Syntax::     Syntax of conversion specifications.
+* Table of Input Conversions::  Summary of input conversions and what they do.
+* Numeric Input Conversions::   Details of conversions for reading numbers.
+* String Input Conversions::    Details of conversions for reading strings.
+* Dynamic String Input::	String conversions that @code{malloc} the buffer.
+* Other Input Conversions::     Details of miscellaneous other conversions.
+* Formatted Input Functions::   Descriptions of the actual functions.
+* Variable Arguments Input::    @code{vscanf} and friends.
+
+Stream Buffering
+
+* Buffering Concepts::          Terminology is defined here.
+* Flushing Buffers::            How to ensure that output buffers are flushed.
+* Controlling Buffering::       How to specify what kind of buffering to use.
+
+Other Kinds of Streams
+
+* String Streams::              Streams that get data from or put data in
+                                 a string or memory buffer.
+* Obstack Streams::		Streams that store data in an obstack.
+* Custom Streams::              Defining your own streams with an arbitrary
+                                 input data source and/or output data sink.
+
+Custom Streams
+
+* Streams and Cookies::         The @dfn{cookie} records where to fetch or
+                                 store data that is read or written.
+* Hook Functions::              How you should define the four @dfn{hook
+                                 functions} that a custom stream needs.
+
+Formatted Messages
+
+* Printing Formatted Messages::   The @code{fmtmsg} function.
+* Adding Severity Classes::       Add more severity classes.
+* Example::                       How to use @code{fmtmsg} and @code{addseverity}.
+
 Low-Level I/O
 
 * Opening and Closing Files::           How to open and close file
@@ -219,6 +450,8 @@ Low-Level I/O
                                          or vice-versa.
 * Stream/Descriptor Precautions::       Precautions needed if you use both
                                          descriptors and streams.
+* Scatter-Gather::                      Fast I/O to discontinous buffers.
+* Memory-mapped I/O::                   Using files like memory.
 * Waiting for I/O::                     How to check for input or output
 					 on multiple file descriptors.
 * Synchronizing I/O::                   Making sure all I/O actions completed.
@@ -236,6 +469,29 @@ Low-Level I/O
                                          file locking.
 * Interrupt Input::                     Getting an asynchronous signal when
                                          input arrives.
+* IOCTLs::                              Generic I/O Control operations.
+
+Stream/Descriptor Precautions
+
+* Linked Channels::	   Dealing with channels sharing a file position.
+* Independent Channels::   Dealing with separately opened, unlinked channels.
+* Cleaning Streams::	   Cleaning a stream makes it safe to use
+                            another channel.
+
+Asynchronous I/O
+
+* Asynchronous Reads/Writes::    Asynchronous Read and Write Operations.
+* Status of AIO Operations::     Getting the Status of AIO Operations.
+* Synchronizing AIO Operations:: Getting into a consistent state.
+* Cancel AIO Operations::        Cancelation of AIO Operations.
+* Configuration of AIO::         How to optimize the AIO implementation.
+
+File Status Flags
+
+* Access Modes::                Whether the descriptor can read or write.
+* Open-time Flags::             Details of @code{open}.
+* Operating Modes::             Special modes to control I/O operations.
+* Getting File Status Flags::   Fetching and changing these flags.
 
 File System Interface
 
@@ -254,6 +510,36 @@ File System Interface
 * Making Special Files::        How to create special files.
 * Temporary Files::             Naming and creating temporary files.
 
+Accessing Directories
+
+* Directory Entries::           Format of one directory entry.
+* Opening a Directory::         How to open a directory stream.
+* Reading/Closing Directory::   How to read directory entries from the stream.
+* Simple Directory Lister::     A very simple directory listing program.
+* Random Access Directory::     Rereading part of the directory
+                                 already read with the same stream.
+* Scanning Directory Content::  Get entries for user selected subset of
+                                 contents in given directory.
+* Simple Directory Lister Mark II::  Revised version of the program.
+
+File Attributes
+
+* Attribute Meanings::          The names of the file attributes,
+                                 and what their values mean.
+* Reading Attributes::          How to read the attributes of a file.
+* Testing File Type::           Distinguishing ordinary files,
+                                 directories, links...
+* File Owner::                  How ownership for new files is determined,
+			         and how to change it.
+* Permission Bits::             How information about a file's access
+                                 mode is stored.
+* Access Permission::           How the system decides who can access a file.
+* Setting Permissions::         How permissions for new files are assigned,
+			         and how to change them.
+* Testing File Access::         How to find out if your process can
+                                 access a file.
+* File Times::                  About the time attributes of a file.
+
 Pipes and FIFOs
 
 * Creating a Pipe::             Making a pipe with the @code{pipe} function.
@@ -280,6 +566,82 @@ Sockets
 * Socket Options::	Miscellaneous low-level socket options.
 * Networks Database::   Accessing the database of network names.
 
+Socket Addresses
+
+* Address Formats::		About @code{struct sockaddr}.
+* Setting Address::		Binding an address to a socket.
+* Reading Address::		Reading the address of a socket.
+
+Local Namespace
+
+* Concepts: Local Namespace Concepts. What you need to understand.
+* Details: Local Namespace Details.   Address format, symbolic names, etc.
+* Example: Local Socket Example.      Example of creating a socket.
+
+Internet Namespace
+
+* Internet Address Formats::    How socket addresses are specified in the
+                                 Internet namespace.
+* Host Addresses::	        All about host addresses of internet host.
+* Protocols Database::		Referring to protocols by name.
+* Ports::			Internet port numbers.
+* Services Database::           Ports may have symbolic names.
+* Byte Order::		        Different hosts may use different byte
+                                 ordering conventions; you need to
+                                 canonicalize host address and port number.
+* Inet Example::	        Putting it all together.
+
+Host Addresses
+
+* Abstract Host Addresses::	What a host number consists of.
+* Data type: Host Address Data Type.	Data type for a host number.
+* Functions: Host Address Functions.	Functions to operate on them.
+* Names: Host Names.		Translating host names to host numbers.
+
+Open/Close Sockets
+
+* Creating a Socket::           How to open a socket.
+* Closing a Socket::            How to close a socket.
+* Socket Pairs::                These are created like pipes.
+
+Connections
+
+* Connecting::    	     What the client program must do.
+* Listening::		     How a server program waits for requests.
+* Accepting Connections::    What the server does when it gets a request.
+* Who is Connected::	     Getting the address of the
+				other side of a connection.
+* Transferring Data::        How to send and receive data.
+* Byte Stream Example::	     An example program: a client for communicating
+			      over a byte stream socket in the Internet namespace.
+* Server Example::	     A corresponding server program.
+* Out-of-Band Data::         This is an advanced feature.
+
+Transferring Data
+
+* Sending Data::		Sending data with @code{send}.
+* Receiving Data::		Reading data with @code{recv}.
+* Socket Data Options::		Using @code{send} and @code{recv}.
+
+Datagrams
+
+* Sending Datagrams::    Sending packets on a datagram socket.
+* Receiving Datagrams::  Receiving packets on a datagram socket.
+* Datagram Example::     An example program: packets sent over a
+                           datagram socket in the local namespace.
+* Example Receiver::	 Another program, that receives those packets.
+
+Inetd
+
+* Inetd Servers::
+* Configuring Inetd::
+
+Socket Options
+
+* Socket Option Functions::     The basic functions for setting and getting
+                                 socket options.
+* Socket-Level Options::        Details of the options at the socket level.
+
 Low-Level Terminal Interface
 
 * Is It a Terminal::            How to determine if a file is a terminal
@@ -294,6 +656,40 @@ Low-Level Terminal Interface
 * Noncanon Example::            How to read single characters without echo.
 * Pseudo-Terminals::            How to open a pseudo-terminal.
 
+Terminal Modes
+
+* Mode Data Types::             The data type @code{struct termios} and
+                                 related types.
+* Mode Functions::              Functions to read and set the terminal
+                                 attributes.
+* Setting Modes::               The right way to set terminal attributes
+                                 reliably.
+* Input Modes::                 Flags controlling low-level input handling.
+* Output Modes::                Flags controlling low-level output handling.
+* Control Modes::               Flags controlling serial port behavior.
+* Local Modes::                 Flags controlling high-level input handling.
+* Line Speed::                  How to read and set the terminal line speed.
+* Special Characters::          Characters that have special effects,
+			         and how to change them.
+* Noncanonical Input::          Controlling how long to wait for input.
+
+Special Characters
+
+* Editing Characters::          Special characters that terminate lines and
+                                  delete text, and other editing functions.
+* Signal Characters::           Special characters that send or raise signals
+                                  to or for certain classes of processes.
+* Start/Stop Characters::       Special characters that suspend or resume
+                                  suspended output.
+* Other Special::		Other special characters for BSD systems:
+				  they can discard output, and print status.
+
+Pseudo-Terminals
+
+* Allocation::             Allocating a pseudo terminal.
+* Pseudo-Terminal Pairs::  How to open both sides of a
+                            pseudo-terminal in a single operation.
+
 Mathematics
 
 * Mathematical Constants::      Precise numeric values for often-used
@@ -307,6 +703,12 @@ Mathematics
 				 numbers.
 * FP Function Optimizations::   Fast code or small code.
 
+Pseudo-Random Numbers
+
+* ISO Random::                  @code{rand} and friends.
+* BSD Random::                  @code{random} and friends.
+* SVID Random::                 @code{drand48} and friends.
+
 Arithmetic
 
 * Floating Point Numbers::      Basic concepts.  IEEE 754.
@@ -321,6 +723,29 @@ Arithmetic
 * Parsing of Numbers::          Converting strings to numbers.
 * System V Number Conversion::  An archaic way to convert numbers to strings.
 
+Floating Point Errors
+
+* FP Exceptions::               IEEE 754 math exceptions and how to detect them.
+* Infinity and NaN::            Special values returned by calculations.
+* Status bit operations::       Checking for exceptions after the fact.
+* Math Error Reporting::        How the math functions report errors.
+
+Arithmetic Functions
+
+* Absolute Value::              Absolute values of integers and floats.
+* Normalization Functions::     Extracting exponents and putting them back.
+* Rounding Functions::          Rounding floats to integers.
+* Remainder Functions::         Remainders on division, precisely defined.
+* FP Bit Twiddling::            Sign bit adjustment.  Adding epsilon.
+* FP Comparison Functions::     Comparisons without risk of exceptions.
+* Misc FP Arithmetic::          Max, min, positive difference, multiply-add.
+
+Parsing of Numbers
+
+* Parsing of Integers::         Functions for conversion of integer values.
+* Parsing of Floats::           Functions for conversion of floating-point
+				 values.
+
 Date and Time
 
 * Processor Time::              Measures processor time used by a program.
@@ -331,6 +756,22 @@ Date and Time
 * Limits on Resources::		Specifying limits on resource usage.
 * Priority::			Reading or setting process run priority.
 
+Processor Time
+
+* Basic CPU Time::              The @code{clock} function.
+* Detailed CPU Time::           The @code{times} function.
+
+Calendar Time
+
+* Simple Calendar Time::        Facilities for manipulating calendar time.
+* High-Resolution Calendar::    A time representation with greater precision.
+* Broken-down Time::            Facilities for manipulating local time.
+* Formatting Date and Time::    Converting times to strings.
+* TZ Variable::                 How users specify the time zone.
+* Time Zone Functions::         Functions to examine or specify the time zone.
+* Time Functions Example::      An example program showing use of some of
+				 the time functions.
+
 Non-Local Exits
 
 * Intro: Non-Local Intro.        When and how to use these facilities.
@@ -355,6 +796,91 @@ Signal Handling
 * BSD Signal Handling::         Additional functions for backward
 			         compatibility with BSD.
 
+Concepts of Signals
+
+* Kinds of Signals::            Some examples of what can cause a signal.
+* Signal Generation::           Concepts of why and how signals occur.
+* Delivery of Signal::          Concepts of what a signal does to the
+                                 process.
+
+Standard Signals
+
+* Program Error Signals::       Used to report serious program errors.
+* Termination Signals::         Used to interrupt and/or terminate the
+                                 program.
+* Alarm Signals::               Used to indicate expiration of timers.
+* Asynchronous I/O Signals::    Used to indicate input is available.
+* Job Control Signals::         Signals used to support job control.
+* Operation Error Signals::     Used to report operational system errors.
+* Miscellaneous Signals::       Miscellaneous Signals.
+* Signal Messages::             Printing a message describing a signal.
+
+Signal Actions
+
+* Basic Signal Handling::       The simple @code{signal} function.
+* Advanced Signal Handling::    The more powerful @code{sigaction} function.
+* Signal and Sigaction::        How those two functions interact.
+* Sigaction Function Example::  An example of using the sigaction function.
+* Flags for Sigaction::         Specifying options for signal handling.
+* Initial Signal Actions::      How programs inherit signal actions.
+
+Defining Handlers
+
+* Handler Returns::             Handlers that return normally, and what
+                                 this means.
+* Termination in Handler::      How handler functions terminate a program.
+* Longjmp in Handler::          Nonlocal transfer of control out of a
+                                 signal handler.
+* Signals in Handler::          What happens when signals arrive while
+                                 the handler is already occupied.
+* Merged Signals::		When a second signal arrives before the
+				 first is handled.
+* Nonreentrancy::               Do not call any functions unless you know they
+                                 are reentrant with respect to signals.
+* Atomic Data Access::          A single handler can run in the middle of
+                                 reading or writing a single object.
+
+Atomic Data Access
+
+* Non-atomic Example::		A program illustrating interrupted access.
+* Types: Atomic Types.		Data types that guarantee no interruption.
+* Usage: Atomic Usage.		Proving that interruption is harmless.
+
+Generating Signals
+
+* Signaling Yourself::          A process can send a signal to itself.
+* Signaling Another Process::   Send a signal to another process.
+* Permission for kill::         Permission for using @code{kill}.
+* Kill Example::                Using @code{kill} for Communication.
+
+Blocking Signals
+
+* Why Block::                           The purpose of blocking signals.
+* Signal Sets::                         How to specify which signals to
+                                         block.
+* Process Signal Mask::                 Blocking delivery of signals to your
+				         process during normal execution.
+* Testing for Delivery::                Blocking to Test for Delivery of
+                                         a Signal.
+* Blocking for Handler::                Blocking additional signals while a
+				         handler is being run.
+* Checking for Pending Signals::        Checking for Pending Signals
+* Remembering a Signal::                How you can get almost the same
+                                         effect as blocking a signal, by
+                                         handling it and setting a flag
+                                         to be tested later.
+
+Waiting for a Signal
+
+* Using Pause::                 The simple way, using @code{pause}.
+* Pause Problems::              Why the simple way is often not very good.
+* Sigsuspend::                  Reliably waiting for a specific signal.
+
+BSD Signal Handling
+
+* BSD Handler::                 BSD Function to Establish a Handler.
+* Blocking in BSD::             BSD Functions for Blocking Signals.
+
 Process Startup
 
 * Program Arguments::           Parsing your program's command-line arguments.
@@ -363,6 +889,37 @@ Process Startup
 * Program Termination::         How to cause a process to terminate and
 				 return status information to its parent.
 
+Program Arguments
+
+* Argument Syntax::             By convention, options start with a hyphen.
+* Parsing Program Arguments::   Ways to parse program options and arguments.
+
+Parsing Program Arguments
+
+* Getopt::                      Parsing program options using @code{getopt}.
+* Argp::                        Parsing program options using @code{argp_parse}.
+* Suboptions::                  Some programs need more detailed options.
+* Suboptions Example::          This shows how it could be done for @code{mount}.
+
+Environment Variables
+
+* Environment Access::          How to get and set the values of
+				 environment variables.
+* Standard Environment::        These environment variables have
+                		 standard interpretations.
+
+Program Termination
+
+* Normal Termination::          If a program calls @code{exit}, a
+                                 process terminates normally.
+* Exit Status::                 The @code{exit status} provides information
+                                 about why the process terminated.
+* Cleanups on Exit::            A process can run its own cleanup
+                                 functions upon normal termination.
+* Aborting a Program::          The @code{abort} function causes
+                                 abnormal program termination.
+* Termination Internals::       What happens when a process terminates.
+
 Processes
 
 * Running a Command::           The easy way to run another program.
@@ -386,6 +943,24 @@ Job Control
 * Implementing a Shell::        What a shell must do to implement job control.
 * Functions for Job Control::   Functions to control process groups.
 
+Implementing a Shell
+
+* Data Structures::             Introduction to the sample shell.
+* Initializing the Shell::      What the shell must do to take
+				 responsibility for job control.
+* Launching Jobs::              Creating jobs to execute commands.
+* Foreground and Background::   Putting a job in foreground of background.
+* Stopped and Terminated Jobs::  Reporting job status.
+* Continuing Stopped Jobs::     How to continue a stopped job in
+				 the foreground or background.
+* Missing Pieces::              Other parts of the shell.
+
+Functions for Job Control
+
+* Identifying the Terminal::    Determining the controlling terminal's name.
+* Process Group Functions::     Functions for manipulating process groups.
+* Terminal Access Functions::   Functions for controlling terminal access.
+
 Name Service Switch
 
 * NSS Basics::                  What is this NSS good for.
@@ -393,6 +968,26 @@ Name Service Switch
 * NSS Module Internals::        How does it work internally.
 * Extending NSS::               What to do to add services or databases.
 
+NSS Configuration File
+
+* Services in the NSS configuration::  Service names in the NSS configuration.
+* Actions in the NSS configuration::  React appropriately to the lookup result.
+* Notes on NSS Configuration File::  Things to take care about while
+                                     configuring NSS.
+
+NSS Module Internals
+
+* NSS Module Names::            Construction of the interface function of
+                                the NSS modules.
+* NSS Modules Interface::       Programming interface in the NSS module
+                                functions.
+
+Extending NSS
+
+* Adding another Service to NSS::  What is to do to add a new service.
+* NSS Module Function Internals::  Guidelines for writing new NSS
+                                        service functions.
+
 Users and Groups
 
 * User and Group IDs::          Each user has a unique numeric ID;
@@ -424,6 +1019,34 @@ Users and Groups
 				 inquiry functions.
 * Netgroup Database::           Functions for accessing the netgroup database.
 
+User Accounting Database
+
+* Manipulating the Database::   Scanning and modifying the user
+                                 accounting database.
+* XPG Functions::               A standardized way for doing the same thing.
+* Logging In and Out::          Functions from BSD that modify the user
+                                 accounting database.
+
+User Database
+
+* User Data Structure::         What each user record contains.
+* Lookup User::                 How to look for a particular user.
+* Scanning All Users::          Scanning the list of all users, one by one.
+* Writing a User Entry::        How a program can rewrite a user's record.
+
+Group Database
+
+* Group Data Structure::        What each group record contains.
+* Lookup Group::                How to look for a particular group.
+* Scanning All Groups::         Scanning the list of all groups.
+
+Netgroup Database
+
+* Netgroup Data::                  Data in the Netgroup database and where
+                                   it comes from.
+* Lookup Netgroup::                How to look for a particular netgroup.
+* Netgroup Membership::            How to test for netgroup membership.
+
 System Information
 
 * Host Identification::         Determining the name of the machine.
@@ -455,6 +1078,13 @@ System Configuration
 
 * String Parameters::        Getting the default search path.
 
+Sysconf
+
+* Sysconf Definition::        Detailed specifications of @code{sysconf}.
+* Constants for Sysconf::     The list of parameters @code{sysconf} can read.
+* Examples of Sysconf::       How to use @code{sysconf} and the parameter
+				 macros properly together.
+
 POSIX Threads
 
 * Basic Thread Operations::     Creating, terminating, and waiting for threads.
@@ -481,6 +1111,41 @@ Language Features
 * Important Data Types::        Data types for object sizes.
 * Data Type Measurements::      Parameters of data type representations.
 
+Variadic Functions
+
+* Why Variadic::                Reasons for making functions take
+                                 variable arguments.
+* How Variadic::                How to define and call variadic functions.
+* Variadic Example::            A complete example.
+
+How Variadic
+
+* Variadic Prototypes::  How to make a prototype for a function
+			  with variable arguments.
+* Receiving Arguments::  Steps you must follow to access the
+			  optional argument values.
+* How Many Arguments::   How to decide whether there are more arguments.
+* Calling Variadics::    Things you need to know about calling
+			  variable arguments functions.
+* Argument Macros::      Detailed specification of the macros
+        		  for accessing variable arguments.
+* Old Varargs::		 The pre-ISO way of defining variadic functions.
+
+Data Type Measurements
+
+* Width of Type::           How many bits does an integer type hold?
+* Range of Type::           What are the largest and smallest values
+			     that an integer type can hold?
+* Floating Type Macros::    Parameters that measure the floating point types.
+* Structure Measurement::   Getting measurements on structure types.
+
+Floating Type Macros
+
+* Floating Point Concepts::     Definitions of terminology.
+* Floating Point Parameters::   Details of specific macros.
+* IEEE Floating Point::         The measurements for one common
+                                 representation.
+
 Installation
 
 * Tools for Installation::      We recommend using these tools to build.
@@ -496,4 +1161,10 @@ Maintenance
                              to the GNU C library.
 * Porting::               How to port the GNU C library to
                              a new machine or operating system.
+
+Porting
+
+* Hierarchy Conventions::       The layout of the @file{sysdeps} hierarchy.
+* Porting to Unix::             Porting the library to an average
+                                   Unix-like system.
 @end menu