@c Copyright (C) 1991-2021 Free Software Foundation, Inc. @c This is part of the GAS manual. @c For copying conditions, see the file as.texinfo. @ifset GENERIC @page @node Z8000-Dependent @chapter Z8000 Dependent Features @end ifset @ifclear GENERIC @node Machine Dependencies @chapter Z8000 Dependent Features @end ifclear @cindex Z8000 support The Z8000 @value{AS} supports both members of the Z8000 family: the unsegmented Z8002, with 16 bit addresses, and the segmented Z8001 with 24 bit addresses. When the assembler is in unsegmented mode (specified with the @code{unsegm} directive), an address takes up one word (16 bit) sized register. When the assembler is in segmented mode (specified with the @code{segm} directive), a 24-bit address takes up a long (32 bit) register. @xref{Z8000 Directives,,Assembler Directives for the Z8000}, for a list of other Z8000 specific assembler directives. @menu * Z8000 Options:: Command-line options for the Z8000 * Z8000 Syntax:: Assembler syntax for the Z8000 * Z8000 Directives:: Special directives for the Z8000 * Z8000 Opcodes:: Opcodes @end menu @node Z8000 Options @section Options @cindex Z8000 options @cindex options, Z8000 @table @option @cindex @code{-z8001} command-line option, Z8000 @item -z8001 Generate segmented code by default. @cindex @code{-z8002} command-line option, Z8000 @item -z8002 Generate unsegmented code by default. @end table @node Z8000 Syntax @section Syntax @menu * Z8000-Chars:: Special Characters * Z8000-Regs:: Register Names * Z8000-Addressing:: Addressing Modes @end menu @node Z8000-Chars @subsection Special Characters @cindex line comment character, Z8000 @cindex Z8000 line comment character @samp{!} is the line comment character. If a @samp{#} appears as the first character of a line then the whole line is treated as a comment, but in this case the line could also be a logical line number directive (@pxref{Comments}) or a preprocessor control command (@pxref{Preprocessing}). @cindex line separator, Z8000 @cindex statement separator, Z8000 @cindex Z8000 line separator You can use @samp{;} instead of a newline to separate statements. @node Z8000-Regs @subsection Register Names @cindex Z8000 registers @cindex registers, Z8000 The Z8000 has sixteen 16 bit registers, numbered 0 to 15. You can refer to different sized groups of registers by register number, with the prefix @samp{r} for 16 bit registers, @samp{rr} for 32 bit registers and @samp{rq} for 64 bit registers. You can also refer to the contents of the first eight (of the sixteen 16 bit registers) by bytes. They are named @samp{rl@var{n}} and @samp{rh@var{n}}. @smallexample @exdent @emph{byte registers} rl0 rh0 rl1 rh1 rl2 rh2 rl3 rh3 rl4 rh4 rl5 rh5 rl6 rh6 rl7 rh7 @exdent @emph{word registers} r0 r1 r2 r3 r4 r5 r6 r7 r8 r9 r10 r11 r12 r13 r14 r15 @exdent @emph{long word registers} rr0 rr2 rr4 rr6 rr8 rr10 rr12 rr14 @exdent @emph{quad word registers} rq0 rq4 rq8 rq12 @end smallexample @node Z8000-Addressing @subsection Addressing Modes @cindex addressing modes, Z8000 @cindex Z800 addressing modes @value{AS} understands the following addressing modes for the Z8000: @table @code @item rl@var{n} @itemx rh@var{n} @itemx r@var{n} @itemx rr@var{n} @itemx rq@var{n} Register direct: 8bit, 16bit, 32bit, and 64bit registers. @item @@r@var{n} @itemx @@rr@var{n} Indirect register: @@rr@var{n} in segmented mode, @@r@var{n} in unsegmented mode. @item @var{addr} Direct: the 16 bit or 24 bit address (depending on whether the assembler is in segmented or unsegmented mode) of the operand is in the instruction. @item address(r@var{n}) Indexed: the 16 or 24 bit address is added to the 16 bit register to produce the final address in memory of the operand. @item r@var{n}(#@var{imm}) @itemx rr@var{n}(#@var{imm}) Base Address: the 16 or 24 bit register is added to the 16 bit sign extended immediate displacement to produce the final address in memory of the operand. @item r@var{n}(r@var{m}) @itemx rr@var{n}(r@var{m}) Base Index: the 16 or 24 bit register r@var{n} or rr@var{n} is added to the sign extended 16 bit index register r@var{m} to produce the final address in memory of the operand. @item #@var{xx} Immediate data @var{xx}. @end table @node Z8000 Directives @section Assembler Directives for the Z8000 @cindex Z8000 directives @cindex directives, Z8000 The Z8000 port of @value{AS} includes additional assembler directives, for compatibility with other Z8000 assemblers. These do not begin with @samp{.} (unlike the ordinary @value{AS} directives). @table @code @kindex segm @item segm @kindex .z8001 @itemx .z8001 Generate code for the segmented Z8001. @kindex unsegm @item unsegm @kindex .z8002 @itemx .z8002 Generate code for the unsegmented Z8002. @kindex name @item name Synonym for @code{.file} @kindex global @item global Synonym for @code{.global} @kindex wval @item wval Synonym for @code{.word} @kindex lval @item lval Synonym for @code{.long} @kindex bval @item bval Synonym for @code{.byte} @kindex sval @item sval Assemble a string. @code{sval} expects one string literal, delimited by single quotes. It assembles each byte of the string into consecutive addresses. You can use the escape sequence @samp{%@var{xx}} (where @var{xx} represents a two-digit hexadecimal number) to represent the character whose @sc{ascii} value is @var{xx}. Use this feature to describe single quote and other characters that may not appear in string literals as themselves. For example, the C statement @w{@samp{char *a = "he said \"it's 50% off\"";}} is represented in Z8000 assembly language (shown with the assembler output in hex at the left) as @iftex @begingroup @let@nonarrowing=@comment @end iftex @smallexample 68652073 sval 'he said %22it%27s 50%25 off%22%00' 61696420 22697427 73203530 25206F66 662200 @end smallexample @iftex @endgroup @end iftex @kindex rsect @item rsect synonym for @code{.section} @kindex block @item block synonym for @code{.space} @kindex even @item even special case of @code{.align}; aligns output to even byte boundary. @end table @node Z8000 Opcodes @section Opcodes @cindex Z8000 opcode summary @cindex opcode summary, Z8000 @cindex mnemonics, Z8000 @cindex instruction summary, Z8000 For detailed information on the Z8000 machine instruction set, see @cite{Z8000 Technical Manual}. @ifset SMALL @c this table, due to the multi-col faking and hardcoded order, looks silly @c except in smallbook. See comments below "@set SMALL" near top of this file. The following table summarizes the opcodes and their arguments: @iftex @begingroup @let@nonarrowing=@comment @end iftex @smallexample rs @r{16 bit source register} rd @r{16 bit destination register} rbs @r{8 bit source register} rbd @r{8 bit destination register} rrs @r{32 bit source register} rrd @r{32 bit destination register} rqs @r{64 bit source register} rqd @r{64 bit destination register} addr @r{16/24 bit address} imm @r{immediate data} adc rd,rs clrb addr cpsir @@rd,@@rs,rr,cc adcb rbd,rbs clrb addr(rd) cpsirb @@rd,@@rs,rr,cc add rd,@@rs clrb rbd dab rbd add rd,addr com @@rd dbjnz rbd,disp7 add rd,addr(rs) com addr dec @@rd,imm4m1 add rd,imm16 com addr(rd) dec addr(rd),imm4m1 add rd,rs com rd dec addr,imm4m1 addb rbd,@@rs comb @@rd dec rd,imm4m1 addb rbd,addr comb addr decb @@rd,imm4m1 addb rbd,addr(rs) comb addr(rd) decb addr(rd),imm4m1 addb rbd,imm8 comb rbd decb addr,imm4m1 addb rbd,rbs comflg flags decb rbd,imm4m1 addl rrd,@@rs cp @@rd,imm16 di i2 addl rrd,addr cp addr(rd),imm16 div rrd,@@rs addl rrd,addr(rs) cp addr,imm16 div rrd,addr addl rrd,imm32 cp rd,@@rs div rrd,addr(rs) addl rrd,rrs cp rd,addr div rrd,imm16 and rd,@@rs cp rd,addr(rs) div rrd,rs and rd,addr cp rd,imm16 divl rqd,@@rs and rd,addr(rs) cp rd,rs divl rqd,addr and rd,imm16 cpb @@rd,imm8 divl rqd,addr(rs) and rd,rs cpb addr(rd),imm8 divl rqd,imm32 andb rbd,@@rs cpb addr,imm8 divl rqd,rrs andb rbd,addr cpb rbd,@@rs djnz rd,disp7 andb rbd,addr(rs) cpb rbd,addr ei i2 andb rbd,imm8 cpb rbd,addr(rs) ex rd,@@rs andb rbd,rbs cpb rbd,imm8 ex rd,addr bit @@rd,imm4 cpb rbd,rbs ex rd,addr(rs) bit addr(rd),imm4 cpd rd,@@rs,rr,cc ex rd,rs bit addr,imm4 cpdb rbd,@@rs,rr,cc exb rbd,@@rs bit rd,imm4 cpdr rd,@@rs,rr,cc exb rbd,addr bit rd,rs cpdrb rbd,@@rs,rr,cc exb rbd,addr(rs) bitb @@rd,imm4 cpi rd,@@rs,rr,cc exb rbd,rbs bitb addr(rd),imm4 cpib rbd,@@rs,rr,cc ext0e imm8 bitb addr,imm4 cpir rd,@@rs,rr,cc ext0f imm8 bitb rbd,imm4 cpirb rbd,@@rs,rr,cc ext8e imm8 bitb rbd,rs cpl rrd,@@rs ext8f imm8 bpt cpl rrd,addr exts rrd call @@rd cpl rrd,addr(rs) extsb rd call addr cpl rrd,imm32 extsl rqd call addr(rd) cpl rrd,rrs halt calr disp12 cpsd @@rd,@@rs,rr,cc in rd,@@rs clr @@rd cpsdb @@rd,@@rs,rr,cc in rd,imm16 clr addr cpsdr @@rd,@@rs,rr,cc inb rbd,@@rs clr addr(rd) cpsdrb @@rd,@@rs,rr,cc inb rbd,imm16 clr rd cpsi @@rd,@@rs,rr,cc inc @@rd,imm4m1 clrb @@rd cpsib @@rd,@@rs,rr,cc inc addr(rd),imm4m1 inc addr,imm4m1 ldb rbd,rs(rx) mult rrd,addr(rs) inc rd,imm4m1 ldb rd(imm16),rbs mult rrd,imm16 incb @@rd,imm4m1 ldb rd(rx),rbs mult rrd,rs incb addr(rd),imm4m1 ldctl ctrl,rs multl rqd,@@rs incb addr,imm4m1 ldctl rd,ctrl multl rqd,addr incb rbd,imm4m1 ldd @@rs,@@rd,rr multl rqd,addr(rs) ind @@rd,@@rs,ra lddb @@rs,@@rd,rr multl rqd,imm32 indb @@rd,@@rs,rba lddr @@rs,@@rd,rr multl rqd,rrs inib @@rd,@@rs,ra lddrb @@rs,@@rd,rr neg @@rd inibr @@rd,@@rs,ra ldi @@rd,@@rs,rr neg addr iret ldib @@rd,@@rs,rr neg addr(rd) jp cc,@@rd ldir @@rd,@@rs,rr neg rd jp cc,addr ldirb @@rd,@@rs,rr negb @@rd jp cc,addr(rd) ldk rd,imm4 negb addr jr cc,disp8 ldl @@rd,rrs negb addr(rd) ld @@rd,imm16 ldl addr(rd),rrs negb rbd ld @@rd,rs ldl addr,rrs nop ld addr(rd),imm16 ldl rd(imm16),rrs or rd,@@rs ld addr(rd),rs ldl rd(rx),rrs or rd,addr ld addr,imm16 ldl rrd,@@rs or rd,addr(rs) ld addr,rs ldl rrd,addr or rd,imm16 ld rd(imm16),rs ldl rrd,addr(rs) or rd,rs ld rd(rx),rs ldl rrd,imm32 orb rbd,@@rs ld rd,@@rs ldl rrd,rrs orb rbd,addr ld rd,addr ldl rrd,rs(imm16) orb rbd,addr(rs) ld rd,addr(rs) ldl rrd,rs(rx) orb rbd,imm8 ld rd,imm16 ldm @@rd,rs,n orb rbd,rbs ld rd,rs ldm addr(rd),rs,n out @@rd,rs ld rd,rs(imm16) ldm addr,rs,n out imm16,rs ld rd,rs(rx) ldm rd,@@rs,n outb @@rd,rbs lda rd,addr ldm rd,addr(rs),n outb imm16,rbs lda rd,addr(rs) ldm rd,addr,n outd @@rd,@@rs,ra lda rd,rs(imm16) ldps @@rs outdb @@rd,@@rs,rba lda rd,rs(rx) ldps addr outib @@rd,@@rs,ra ldar rd,disp16 ldps addr(rs) outibr @@rd,@@rs,ra ldb @@rd,imm8 ldr disp16,rs pop @@rd,@@rs ldb @@rd,rbs ldr rd,disp16 pop addr(rd),@@rs ldb addr(rd),imm8 ldrb disp16,rbs pop addr,@@rs ldb addr(rd),rbs ldrb rbd,disp16 pop rd,@@rs ldb addr,imm8 ldrl disp16,rrs popl @@rd,@@rs ldb addr,rbs ldrl rrd,disp16 popl addr(rd),@@rs ldb rbd,@@rs mbit popl addr,@@rs ldb rbd,addr mreq rd popl rrd,@@rs ldb rbd,addr(rs) mres push @@rd,@@rs ldb rbd,imm8 mset push @@rd,addr ldb rbd,rbs mult rrd,@@rs push @@rd,addr(rs) ldb rbd,rs(imm16) mult rrd,addr push @@rd,imm16 push @@rd,rs set addr,imm4 subl rrd,imm32 pushl @@rd,@@rs set rd,imm4 subl rrd,rrs pushl @@rd,addr set rd,rs tcc cc,rd pushl @@rd,addr(rs) setb @@rd,imm4 tccb cc,rbd pushl @@rd,rrs setb addr(rd),imm4 test @@rd res @@rd,imm4 setb addr,imm4 test addr res addr(rd),imm4 setb rbd,imm4 test addr(rd) res addr,imm4 setb rbd,rs test rd res rd,imm4 setflg imm4 testb @@rd res rd,rs sinb rbd,imm16 testb addr resb @@rd,imm4 sinb rd,imm16 testb addr(rd) resb addr(rd),imm4 sind @@rd,@@rs,ra testb rbd resb addr,imm4 sindb @@rd,@@rs,rba testl @@rd resb rbd,imm4 sinib @@rd,@@rs,ra testl addr resb rbd,rs sinibr @@rd,@@rs,ra testl addr(rd) resflg imm4 sla rd,imm8 testl rrd ret cc slab rbd,imm8 trdb @@rd,@@rs,rba rl rd,imm1or2 slal rrd,imm8 trdrb @@rd,@@rs,rba rlb rbd,imm1or2 sll rd,imm8 trib @@rd,@@rs,rbr rlc rd,imm1or2 sllb rbd,imm8 trirb @@rd,@@rs,rbr rlcb rbd,imm1or2 slll rrd,imm8 trtdrb @@ra,@@rb,rbr rldb rbb,rba sout imm16,rs trtib @@ra,@@rb,rr rr rd,imm1or2 soutb imm16,rbs trtirb @@ra,@@rb,rbr rrb rbd,imm1or2 soutd @@rd,@@rs,ra trtrb @@ra,@@rb,rbr rrc rd,imm1or2 soutdb @@rd,@@rs,rba tset @@rd rrcb rbd,imm1or2 soutib @@rd,@@rs,ra tset addr rrdb rbb,rba soutibr @@rd,@@rs,ra tset addr(rd) rsvd36 sra rd,imm8 tset rd rsvd38 srab rbd,imm8 tsetb @@rd rsvd78 sral rrd,imm8 tsetb addr rsvd7e srl rd,imm8 tsetb addr(rd) rsvd9d srlb rbd,imm8 tsetb rbd rsvd9f srll rrd,imm8 xor rd,@@rs rsvdb9 sub rd,@@rs xor rd,addr rsvdbf sub rd,addr xor rd,addr(rs) sbc rd,rs sub rd,addr(rs) xor rd,imm16 sbcb rbd,rbs sub rd,imm16 xor rd,rs sc imm8 sub rd,rs xorb rbd,@@rs sda rd,rs subb rbd,@@rs xorb rbd,addr sdab rbd,rs subb rbd,addr xorb rbd,addr(rs) sdal rrd,rs subb rbd,addr(rs) xorb rbd,imm8 sdl rd,rs subb rbd,imm8 xorb rbd,rbs sdlb rbd,rs subb rbd,rbs xorb rbd,rbs sdll rrd,rs subl rrd,@@rs set @@rd,imm4 subl rrd,addr set addr(rd),imm4 subl rrd,addr(rs) @end smallexample @iftex @endgroup @end iftex @end ifset