/* as.c - GAS main program.
Copyright (C) 1987, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 1996
Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This file is part of GAS, the GNU Assembler.
GAS is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
the Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option)
any later version.
GAS is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
GNU General Public License for more details.
You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
along with GAS; see the file COPYING. If not, write to the Free
Software Foundation, 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA
02111-1307, USA. */
/*
* Main program for AS; a 32-bit assembler of GNU.
* Understands command arguments.
* Has a few routines that don't fit in other modules because they
* are shared.
*
*
* bugs
*
* : initialisers
* Since no-one else says they will support them in future: I
* don't support them now.
*
*/
#include "ansidecl.h"
#include "libiberty.h"
#define COMMON
#include "as.h"
#include "subsegs.h"
#include "output-file.h"
#include "sb.h"
#include "macro.h"
#ifdef HAVE_SBRK
#ifdef NEED_DECLARATION_SBRK
extern PTR sbrk ();
#endif
#endif
static void perform_an_assembly_pass PARAMS ((int argc, char **argv));
static int macro_expr PARAMS ((const char *, int, sb *, int *));
int listing; /* true if a listing is wanted */
static char *listing_filename = NULL; /* Name of listing file. */
/* Maximum level of macro nesting. */
int max_macro_nest = 100;
char *myname; /* argv[0] */
#ifdef BFD_ASSEMBLER
segT reg_section, expr_section;
segT text_section, data_section, bss_section;
#endif
int chunksize = 5000;
/* To monitor memory allocation more effectively, make this non-zero.
Then the chunk sizes for gas and bfd will be reduced. */
int debug_memory = 0;
/* We build a list of defsyms as we read the options, and then define
them after we have initialized everything. */
struct defsym_list
{
struct defsym_list *next;
char *name;
valueT value;
};
static struct defsym_list *defsyms;
void
print_version_id ()
{
static int printed;
if (printed)
return;
printed = 1;
fprintf (stderr, "GNU assembler version %s (%s)", GAS_VERSION, TARGET_ALIAS);
#ifdef BFD_ASSEMBLER
fprintf (stderr, ", using BFD version %s", BFD_VERSION);
#endif
fprintf (stderr, "\n");
}
void
show_usage (stream)
FILE *stream;
{
fprintf (stream, "Usage: %s [option...] [asmfile...]\n", myname);
fprintf (stream, "\
Options:\n\
-a[sub-option...] turn on listings\n\
Sub-options [default hls]:\n\
d omit debugging directives\n\
h include high-level source\n\
l include assembly\n\
n omit forms processing\n\
s include symbols\n\
=file set listing file name (must be last sub-option)\n");
fprintf (stream, "\
-D produce assembler debugging messages\n\
--defsym SYM=VAL define symbol SYM to given value\n\
-f skip whitespace and comment preprocessing\n\
--help show this message and exit\n\
-I DIR add DIR to search list for .include directives\n\
-J don't warn about signed overflow\n\
-K warn when differences altered for long displacements\n\
-L keep local symbols (starting with `L')\n");
fprintf (stream, "\
-M,--mri assemble in MRI compatibility mode\n\
-nocpp ignored\n\
-o OBJFILE name the object-file output OBJFILE (default a.out)\n\
-R fold data section into text section\n\
--statistics print various measured statistics from execution\n\
--version print assembler version number and exit\n\
-W suppress warnings\n\
-w ignored\n\
-X ignored\n\
-Z generate object file even after errors\n");
md_show_usage (stream);
fprintf (stream, "\nReport bugs to bug-gnu-utils@prep.ai.mit.edu\n");
}
#ifdef USE_EMULATIONS
#define EMULATION_ENVIRON "AS_EMULATION"
extern struct emulation mipsbelf, mipslelf, mipself;
extern struct emulation mipsbecoff, mipslecoff, mipsecoff;
static struct emulation *const emulations[] = { EMULATIONS };
static const int n_emulations = sizeof (emulations) / sizeof (emulations[0]);
static void
select_emulation_mode (argc, argv)
int argc;
char **argv;
{
int i;
char *p, *em = 0;
for (i = 1; i < argc; i++)
if (!strncmp ("--em", argv[i], 4))
break;
if (i == argc)
goto do_default;
p = strchr (argv[i], '=');
if (p)
p++;
else
p = argv[i+1];
if (!p || !*p)
as_fatal ("missing emulation mode name");
em = p;
do_default:
if (em == 0)
em = getenv (EMULATION_ENVIRON);
if (em == 0)
em = DEFAULT_EMULATION;
if (em)
{
for (i = 0; i < n_emulations; i++)
if (!strcmp (emulations[i]->name, em))
break;
if (i == n_emulations)
as_fatal ("unrecognized emulation name `%s'", em);
this_emulation = emulations[i];
}
else
this_emulation = emulations[0];
this_emulation->init ();
}
const char *
default_emul_bfd_name ()
{
abort ();
return NULL;
}
void
common_emul_init ()
{
this_format = this_emulation->format;
if (this_emulation->leading_underscore == 2)
this_emulation->leading_underscore = this_format->dfl_leading_underscore;
if (this_emulation->default_endian != 2)
target_big_endian = this_emulation->default_endian;
if (this_emulation->fake_label_name == 0)
{
if (this_emulation->leading_underscore)
this_emulation->fake_label_name = "L0\001";
else
/* What other parameters should we test? */
this_emulation->fake_label_name = ".L0\001";
}
}
#endif
/*
* Since it is easy to do here we interpret the special arg "-"
* to mean "use stdin" and we set that argv[] pointing to "".
* After we have munged argv[], the only things left are source file
* name(s) and ""(s) denoting stdin. These file names are used
* (perhaps more than once) later.
*
* check for new machine-dep cmdline options in
* md_parse_option definitions in config/tc-*.c
*/
void
parse_args (pargc, pargv)
int *pargc;
char ***pargv;
{
int old_argc, new_argc;
char **old_argv, **new_argv;
/* Starting the short option string with '-' is for programs that
expect options and other ARGV-elements in any order and that care about
the ordering of the two. We describe each non-option ARGV-element
as if it were the argument of an option with character code 1. */
char *shortopts;
extern CONST char *md_shortopts;
static const char std_shortopts[] =
{
'-', 'J',
#ifndef WORKING_DOT_WORD
/* -K is not meaningful if .word is not being hacked. */
'K',
#endif
'L', 'M', 'R', 'W', 'Z', 'f', 'a', ':', ':', 'D', 'I', ':', 'o', ':',
#ifndef VMS
/* -v takes an argument on VMS, so we don't make it a generic
option. */
'v',
#endif
'w', 'X',
'\0'
};
struct option *longopts;
extern struct option md_longopts[];
extern size_t md_longopts_size;
static const struct option std_longopts[] = {
#define OPTION_HELP (OPTION_STD_BASE)
{"help", no_argument, NULL, OPTION_HELP},
{"mri", no_argument, NULL, 'M'},
#define OPTION_NOCPP (OPTION_STD_BASE + 1)
{"nocpp", no_argument, NULL, OPTION_NOCPP},
#define OPTION_STATISTICS (OPTION_STD_BASE + 2)
{"statistics", no_argument, NULL, OPTION_STATISTICS},
#define OPTION_VERSION (OPTION_STD_BASE + 3)
{"version", no_argument, NULL, OPTION_VERSION},
#define OPTION_DUMPCONFIG (OPTION_STD_BASE + 4)
{"dump-config", no_argument, NULL, OPTION_DUMPCONFIG},
#define OPTION_VERBOSE (OPTION_STD_BASE + 5)
{"verbose", no_argument, NULL, OPTION_VERBOSE},
#define OPTION_EMULATION (OPTION_STD_BASE + 6)
{"emulation", required_argument, NULL, OPTION_EMULATION},
#define OPTION_DEFSYM (OPTION_STD_BASE + 7)
{"defsym", required_argument, NULL, OPTION_DEFSYM}
};
/* Construct the option lists from the standard list and the
target dependent list. */
shortopts = concat (std_shortopts, md_shortopts, (char *) NULL);
longopts = (struct option *) xmalloc (sizeof (std_longopts) + md_longopts_size);
memcpy (longopts, std_longopts, sizeof (std_longopts));
memcpy ((char *) longopts + sizeof (std_longopts),
md_longopts, md_longopts_size);
/* Make a local copy of the old argv. */
old_argc = *pargc;
old_argv = *pargv;
/* Initialize a new argv that contains no options. */
new_argv = (char **) xmalloc (sizeof (char *) * (old_argc + 1));
new_argv[0] = old_argv[0];
new_argc = 1;
new_argv[new_argc] = NULL;
while (1)
{
/* getopt_long_only is like getopt_long, but '-' as well as '--' can
indicate a long option. */
int longind;
int optc = getopt_long_only (old_argc, old_argv, shortopts, longopts,
&longind);
if (optc == -1)
break;
switch (optc)
{
default:
/* md_parse_option should return 1 if it recognizes optc,
0 if not. */
if (md_parse_option (optc, optarg) != 0)
break;
/* `-v' isn't included in the general short_opts list, so check for
it explicity here before deciding we've gotten a bad argument. */
if (optc == 'v')
{
#ifdef VMS
/* Telling getopt to treat -v's value as optional can result
in it picking up a following filename argument here. The
VMS code in md_parse_option can return 0 in that case,
but it has no way of pushing the filename argument back. */
if (optarg && *optarg)
new_argv[new_argc++] = optarg, new_argv[new_argc] = NULL;
else
#else
case 'v':
#endif
case OPTION_VERBOSE:
print_version_id ();
break;
}
/*FALLTHRU*/
case '?':
exit (EXIT_FAILURE);
case 1: /* File name. */
if (!strcmp (optarg, "-"))
optarg = "";
new_argv[new_argc++] = optarg;
new_argv[new_argc] = NULL;
break;
case OPTION_HELP:
show_usage (stdout);
exit (EXIT_SUCCESS);
case OPTION_NOCPP:
break;
case OPTION_STATISTICS:
flag_print_statistics = 1;
break;
case OPTION_VERSION:
/* This output is intended to follow the GNU standards document. */
printf ("GNU assembler %s\n", GAS_VERSION);
printf ("Copyright 1996 Free Software Foundation, Inc.\n");
printf ("\
This program is free software; you may redistribute it under the terms of\n\
the GNU General Public License. This program has absolutely no warranty.\n");
printf ("This assembler was configured for a target of `%s'.\n",
TARGET_ALIAS);
exit (EXIT_SUCCESS);
case OPTION_EMULATION:
#ifdef USE_EMULATIONS
if (strcmp (optarg, this_emulation->name))
as_fatal ("multiple emulation names specified");
#else
as_fatal ("emulations not handled in this configuration");
#endif
break;
case OPTION_DUMPCONFIG:
fprintf (stderr, "alias = %s\n", TARGET_ALIAS);
fprintf (stderr, "canonical = %s\n", TARGET_CANONICAL);
fprintf (stderr, "cpu-type = %s\n", TARGET_CPU);
#ifdef TARGET_OBJ_FORMAT
fprintf (stderr, "format = %s\n", TARGET_OBJ_FORMAT);
#endif
#ifdef TARGET_FORMAT
fprintf (stderr, "bfd-target = %s\n", TARGET_FORMAT);
#endif
exit (EXIT_SUCCESS);
case OPTION_DEFSYM:
{
char *s;
long i;
struct defsym_list *n;
for (s = optarg; *s != '\0' && *s != '='; s++)
;
if (*s == '\0')
as_fatal ("bad defsym; format is --defsym name=value");
*s++ = '\0';
i = strtol (s, (char **) NULL, 0);
n = (struct defsym_list *) xmalloc (sizeof *n);
n->next = defsyms;
n->name = optarg;
n->value = i;
defsyms = n;
}
break;
case 'J':
flag_signed_overflow_ok = 1;
break;
#ifndef WORKING_DOT_WORD
case 'K':
flag_warn_displacement = 1;
break;
#endif
case 'L':
flag_keep_locals = 1;
break;
case 'M':
flag_mri = 1;
#ifdef TC_M68K
flag_m68k_mri = 1;
#endif
break;
case 'R':
flag_readonly_data_in_text = 1;
break;
case 'W':
flag_no_warnings = 1;
break;
case 'Z':
flag_always_generate_output = 1;
break;
case 'a':
if (optarg)
{
while (*optarg)
{
switch (*optarg)
{
case 'd':
listing |= LISTING_NODEBUG;
break;
case 'h':
listing |= LISTING_HLL;
break;
case 'l':
listing |= LISTING_LISTING;
break;
case 'n':
listing |= LISTING_NOFORM;
break;
case 's':
listing |= LISTING_SYMBOLS;
break;
case '=':
listing_filename = xstrdup (optarg + 1);
optarg += strlen (listing_filename);
break;
default:
as_fatal ("invalid listing option `%c'", *optarg);
break;
}
optarg++;
}
}
if (!listing)
listing = LISTING_DEFAULT;
break;
case 'D':
/* DEBUG is implemented: it debugs different */
/* things from other people's assemblers. */
flag_debug = 1;
break;
case 'f':
flag_no_comments = 1;
break;
case 'I':
{ /* Include file directory */
char *temp = xstrdup (optarg);
add_include_dir (temp);
break;
}
case 'o':
out_file_name = xstrdup (optarg);
break;
case 'w':
break;
case 'X':
/* -X means treat warnings as errors */
break;
}
}
free (shortopts);
free (longopts);
*pargc = new_argc;
*pargv = new_argv;
}
static void dump_statistics ();
static long start_time;
int
main (argc, argv)
int argc;
char **argv;
{
int macro_alternate;
int macro_strip_at;
int keep_it;
start_time = get_run_time ();
if (debug_memory)
{
#ifdef BFD_ASSEMBLER
extern long _bfd_chunksize;
_bfd_chunksize = 64;
#endif
chunksize = 64;
}
#ifdef HOST_SPECIAL_INIT
HOST_SPECIAL_INIT (argc, argv);
#endif
myname = argv[0];
xmalloc_set_program_name (myname);
START_PROGRESS (myname, 0);
#ifndef OBJ_DEFAULT_OUTPUT_FILE_NAME
#define OBJ_DEFAULT_OUTPUT_FILE_NAME "a.out"
#endif
out_file_name = OBJ_DEFAULT_OUTPUT_FILE_NAME;
hex_init ();
#ifdef BFD_ASSEMBLER
bfd_init ();
bfd_set_error_program_name (myname);
#endif
#ifdef USE_EMULATIONS
select_emulation_mode (argc, argv);
#endif
PROGRESS (1);
symbol_begin ();
frag_init ();
subsegs_begin ();
parse_args (&argc, &argv);
read_begin ();
input_scrub_begin ();
expr_begin ();
if (flag_print_statistics)
xatexit (dump_statistics);
macro_alternate = 0;
macro_strip_at = 0;
#ifdef TC_I960
macro_strip_at = flag_mri;
#endif
#ifdef TC_A29K
/* For compatibility with the AMD 29K family macro assembler
specification. */
macro_alternate = 1;
macro_strip_at = 1;
#endif
macro_init (macro_alternate, flag_mri, macro_strip_at, macro_expr);
PROGRESS (1);
#ifdef BFD_ASSEMBLER
output_file_create (out_file_name);
assert (stdoutput != 0);
#endif
#ifdef tc_init_after_args
tc_init_after_args ();
#endif
/* Now that we have fully initialized, and have created the output
file, define any symbols requested by --defsym command line
arguments. */
while (defsyms != NULL)
{
symbolS *sym;
struct defsym_list *next;
sym = symbol_new (defsyms->name, absolute_section, defsyms->value,
&zero_address_frag);
symbol_table_insert (sym);
next = defsyms->next;
free (defsyms);
defsyms = next;
}
PROGRESS (1);
perform_an_assembly_pass (argc, argv); /* Assemble it. */
#ifdef md_end
md_end ();
#endif
if (seen_at_least_1_file ()
&& !((had_warnings () && flag_always_generate_output)
|| had_errors () > 0))
keep_it = 1;
else
keep_it = 0;
if (keep_it)
write_object_file ();
#ifndef NO_LISTING
listing_print (listing_filename);
#endif
#ifndef OBJ_VMS /* does its own file handling */
#ifndef BFD_ASSEMBLER
if (keep_it)
#endif
output_file_close (out_file_name);
#endif
if (!keep_it)
unlink (out_file_name);
input_scrub_end ();
END_PROGRESS (myname);
/* Use xexit instead of return, because under VMS environments they
may not place the same interpretation on the value given. */
if ((had_warnings () && flag_always_generate_output)
|| had_errors () > 0)
xexit (EXIT_FAILURE);
xexit (EXIT_SUCCESS);
}
static void
dump_statistics ()
{
extern char **environ;
#ifdef HAVE_SBRK
char *lim = (char *) sbrk (0);
#endif
long run_time = get_run_time () - start_time;
fprintf (stderr, "%s: total time in assembly: %ld.%06ld\n",
myname, run_time / 1000000, run_time % 1000000);
#ifdef HAVE_SBRK
fprintf (stderr, "%s: data size %ld\n",
myname, (long) (lim - (char *) &environ));
#endif
subsegs_print_statistics (stderr);
write_print_statistics (stderr);
symbol_print_statistics (stderr);
read_print_statistics (stderr);
#ifdef tc_print_statistics
tc_print_statistics (stderr);
#endif
#ifdef obj_print_statistics
obj_print_statistics (stderr);
#endif
}
/* perform_an_assembly_pass()
*
* Here to attempt 1 pass over each input file.
* We scan argv[*] looking for filenames or exactly "" which is
* shorthand for stdin. Any argv that is NULL is not a file-name.
* We set need_pass_2 TRUE if, after this, we still have unresolved
* expressions of the form (unknown value)+-(unknown value).
*
* Note the un*x semantics: there is only 1 logical input file, but it
* may be a catenation of many 'physical' input files.
*/
static void
perform_an_assembly_pass (argc, argv)
int argc;
char **argv;
{
int saw_a_file = 0;
#ifdef BFD_ASSEMBLER
flagword applicable;
#endif
need_pass_2 = 0;
#ifndef BFD_ASSEMBLER
#ifdef MANY_SEGMENTS
{
unsigned int i;
for (i = SEG_E0; i < SEG_UNKNOWN; i++)
segment_info[i].fix_root = 0;
}
/* Create the three fixed ones */
{
segT seg;
#ifdef TE_APOLLO
seg = subseg_new (".wtext", 0);
#else
seg = subseg_new (".text", 0);
#endif
assert (seg == SEG_E0);
seg = subseg_new (".data", 0);
assert (seg == SEG_E1);
seg = subseg_new (".bss", 0);
assert (seg == SEG_E2);
#ifdef TE_APOLLO
create_target_segments ();
#endif
}
#else /* not MANY_SEGMENTS */
text_fix_root = NULL;
data_fix_root = NULL;
bss_fix_root = NULL;
#endif /* not MANY_SEGMENTS */
#else /* BFD_ASSEMBLER */
/* Create the standard sections, and those the assembler uses
internally. */
text_section = subseg_new (".text", 0);
data_section = subseg_new (".data", 0);
bss_section = subseg_new (".bss", 0);
/* @@ FIXME -- we're setting the RELOC flag so that sections are assumed
to have relocs, otherwise we don't find out in time. */
applicable = bfd_applicable_section_flags (stdoutput);
bfd_set_section_flags (stdoutput, text_section,
applicable & (SEC_ALLOC | SEC_LOAD | SEC_RELOC
| SEC_CODE | SEC_READONLY));
/* @@ FIXME -- SEC_CODE seems to mean code only, rather than code possibly.*/
bfd_set_section_flags (stdoutput, data_section,
applicable & (SEC_ALLOC | SEC_LOAD | SEC_RELOC));
bfd_set_section_flags (stdoutput, bss_section, applicable & SEC_ALLOC);
seg_info (bss_section)->bss = 1;
subseg_new (BFD_ABS_SECTION_NAME, 0);
subseg_new (BFD_UND_SECTION_NAME, 0);
reg_section = subseg_new ("*GAS `reg' section*", 0);
expr_section = subseg_new ("*GAS `expr' section*", 0);
#endif /* BFD_ASSEMBLER */
subseg_set (text_section, 0);
/* This may add symbol table entries, which requires having an open BFD,
and sections already created, in BFD_ASSEMBLER mode. */
md_begin ();
#ifdef obj_begin
obj_begin ();
#endif
argv++; /* skip argv[0] */
argc--; /* skip argv[0] */
while (argc--)
{
if (*argv)
{ /* Is it a file-name argument? */
PROGRESS (1);
saw_a_file++;
/* argv->"" if stdin desired, else->filename */
read_a_source_file (*argv);
}
argv++; /* completed that argv */
}
if (!saw_a_file)
read_a_source_file ("");
} /* perform_an_assembly_pass() */
/* The interface between the macro code and gas expression handling. */
static int
macro_expr (emsg, idx, in, val)
const char *emsg;
int idx;
sb *in;
int *val;
{
char *hold;
expressionS ex;
sb_terminate (in);
hold = input_line_pointer;
input_line_pointer = in->ptr + idx;
expression (&ex);
idx = input_line_pointer - in->ptr;
input_line_pointer = hold;
if (ex.X_op != O_constant)
as_bad ("%s", emsg);
*val = (int) ex.X_add_number;
return idx;
}
/* end of as.c */