/* BFD back-end for s-record objects. Copyright 1990, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994 Free Software Foundation, Inc. Written by Steve Chamberlain of Cygnus Support . This file is part of BFD, the Binary File Descriptor library. This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later version. This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details. You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. */ /* SUBSECTION S-Record handling DESCRIPTION Ordinary S-Records cannot hold anything but addresses and data, so that's all that we implement. The only interesting thing is that S-Records may come out of order and there is no header, so an initial scan is required to discover the minimum and maximum addresses used to create the vma and size of the only section we create. We arbitrarily call this section ".text". When bfd_get_section_contents is called the file is read again, and this time the data is placed into a bfd_alloc'd area. Any number of sections may be created for output, we save them up and output them when it's time to close the bfd. An s record looks like: EXAMPLE S
DESCRIPTION Where o length is the number of bytes following upto the checksum. Note that this is not the number of chars following, since it takes two chars to represent a byte. o type is one of: 0) header record 1) two byte address data record 2) three byte address data record 3) four byte address data record 7) four byte address termination record 8) three byte address termination record 9) two byte address termination record o address is the start address of the data following, or in the case of a termination record, the start address of the image o data is the data. o checksum is the sum of all the raw byte data in the record, from the length upwards, modulo 256 and subtracted from 255. SUBSECTION Symbol S-Record handling DESCRIPTION Some ICE equipment understands an addition to the standard S-Record format; symbols and their addresses can be sent before the data. The format of this is: ($$ (
)*) $$ so a short symbol table could look like: EXAMPLE $$ flash.x $$ flash.c _port6 $0 _delay $4 _start $14 _etext $8036 _edata $8036 _end $8036 $$ DESCRIPTION We allow symbols to be anywhere in the data stream - the module names are always ignored. */ #include "bfd.h" #include "sysdep.h" #include "libbfd.h" static boolean srec_write_record PARAMS ((bfd *, int, bfd_vma, const unsigned char *, const unsigned char *)); static boolean srec_write_header PARAMS ((bfd *)); static boolean srec_write_symbols PARAMS ((bfd *)); /* Macros for converting between hex and binary. */ static CONST char digs[] = "0123456789ABCDEF"; /* Table that gets filled in with numbers corresponding to hex chars. */ static char hex_value[256]; #define NOT_HEX 20 #define NIBBLE(x) hex_value[(unsigned char)(x)] #define HEX(buffer) ((NIBBLE((buffer)[0])<<4) + NIBBLE((buffer)[1])) #define TOHEX(d, x, ch) \ d[1] = digs[(x) & 0xf]; \ d[0] = digs[((x)>>4)&0xf]; \ ch += ((x) & 0xff); #define ISHEX(x) (hex_value[(unsigned char)(x)] != NOT_HEX) /* Initialize by filling in the hex conversion array. */ static void srec_init () { unsigned int i; static boolean inited = false; if (inited == false) { inited = true; for (i = 0; i < sizeof (hex_value); i++) { hex_value[i] = NOT_HEX; } for (i = 0; i < 10; i++) { hex_value[i + '0'] = i; } for (i = 0; i < 6; i++) { hex_value[i + 'a'] = i + 10; hex_value[i + 'A'] = i + 10; } } } /* The maximum number of bytes on a line is FF */ #define MAXCHUNK 0xff /* The number of bytes we fit onto a line on output */ #define CHUNK 21 /* We cannot output our srecords as we see them, we have to glue them together, this is done in this structure : */ struct srec_data_list_struct { unsigned char *data; bfd_vma where; bfd_size_type size; struct srec_data_list_struct *next; }; typedef struct srec_data_list_struct srec_data_list_type; typedef struct srec_data_struct { srec_data_list_type *head; unsigned int type; int done_symbol_read; int count; asymbol *symbols; char *strings; int symbol_idx; int string_size; int string_idx; } tdata_type; static boolean srec_write_section PARAMS ((bfd *, tdata_type *, srec_data_list_type *)); static boolean srec_write_terminator PARAMS ((bfd *, tdata_type *)); /* called once per input S-Record, used to work out vma and size of data. */ static bfd_vma low, high; /*ARGSUSED*/ static void size_symbols (abfd, buf, len, val) bfd *abfd; char *buf; int len; int val; { abfd->symcount++; abfd->tdata.srec_data->string_size += len + 1; } static void fillup_symbols (abfd, buf, len, val) bfd *abfd; char *buf; int len; int val; { if (!abfd->tdata.srec_data->done_symbol_read) { asymbol *p; if (abfd->tdata.srec_data->symbols == 0) { abfd->tdata.srec_data->symbols = (asymbol *) bfd_alloc (abfd, abfd->symcount * sizeof (asymbol)); abfd->tdata.srec_data->strings = (char *) bfd_alloc (abfd, abfd->tdata.srec_data->string_size); if (!abfd->tdata.srec_data->symbols || !abfd->tdata.srec_data->strings) { bfd_set_error (bfd_error_no_memory); abort (); /* FIXME */ } abfd->tdata.srec_data->symbol_idx = 0; abfd->tdata.srec_data->string_idx = 0; } p = abfd->tdata.srec_data->symbols + abfd->tdata.srec_data->symbol_idx++; p->the_bfd = abfd; p->name = abfd->tdata.srec_data->strings + abfd->tdata.srec_data->string_idx; memcpy ((char *) (p->name), buf, len + 1); abfd->tdata.srec_data->string_idx += len + 1; p->value = val; p->flags = BSF_EXPORT | BSF_GLOBAL; p->section = &bfd_abs_section; p->udata = 0; } } /*ARGSUSED*/ static void size_srec (abfd, section, address, raw, length) bfd *abfd; asection *section; bfd_vma address; bfd_byte *raw; unsigned int length; { if (address < low) low = address; if (address + length > high) high = address + length - 1; } /* called once per input S-Record, copies data from input into bfd_alloc'd area */ /*ARGSUSED*/ static void fillup (abfd, section, address, raw, length) bfd *abfd; asection *section; bfd_vma address; bfd_byte *raw; unsigned int length; { unsigned int i; bfd_byte *dst = (bfd_byte *) (section->used_by_bfd) + address - section->vma; /* length -1 because we don't read in the checksum */ for (i = 0; i < length - 1; i++) { *dst = HEX (raw); dst++; raw += 2; } } /* Pass over an S-Record file, calling one of the above functions on each record. */ static int white (x) char x; { return (x == ' ' || x == '\t' || x == '\n' || x == '\r'); } static int skipwhite (src, abfd) char *src; bfd *abfd; { int eof = 0; while (white (*src) && !eof) { eof = (boolean) (bfd_read (src, 1, 1, abfd) != 1); } return eof; } static boolean srec_mkobject (abfd) bfd *abfd; { if (abfd->tdata.srec_data == 0) { tdata_type *tdata = (tdata_type *) bfd_alloc (abfd, sizeof (tdata_type)); if (!tdata) { bfd_set_error (bfd_error_no_memory); return false; } abfd->tdata.srec_data = tdata; tdata->type = 1; tdata->head = (srec_data_list_type *) NULL; } return true; } static void pass_over (abfd, func, symbolfunc, section) bfd *abfd; void (*func) (); void (*symbolfunc) (); asection *section; { unsigned int bytes_on_line; boolean eof = false; srec_mkobject (abfd); /* To the front of the file */ if (bfd_seek (abfd, (file_ptr) 0, SEEK_SET) != 0) abort (); while (eof == false) { char buffer[MAXCHUNK]; char *src = buffer; char type; bfd_vma address = 0; /* Find first 'S' or $ */ eof = (boolean) (bfd_read (src, 1, 1, abfd) != 1); switch (*src) { default: if (eof) return; break; case '$': /* Inside a symbol definition - just ignore the module name */ while (*src != '\n' && !eof) { eof = (boolean) (bfd_read (src, 1, 1, abfd) != 1); } break; case ' ': /* spaces - maybe just before a symbol */ while (*src != '\n' && *src != '\r' && white (*src)) { eof = skipwhite (src, abfd); { int val = 0; int slen = 0; char symbol[MAXCHUNK]; /* get the symbol part */ while (!eof && !white (*src) && slen < MAXCHUNK) { symbol[slen++] = *src; eof = (boolean) (bfd_read (src, 1, 1, abfd) != 1); } symbol[slen] = 0; eof = skipwhite (src, abfd); /* skip the $ for the hex value */ if (*src == '$') { eof = (boolean) (bfd_read (src, 1, 1, abfd) != 1); } /* Scan off the hex number */ while (isxdigit (*src)) { val *= 16; if (isdigit (*src)) val += *src - '0'; else if (isupper (*src)) { val += *src - 'A' + 10; } else { val += *src - 'a' + 10; } eof = (boolean) (bfd_read (src, 1, 1, abfd) != 1); } symbolfunc (abfd, symbol, slen, val); } } break; case 'S': src++; /* Fetch the type and the length */ if (bfd_read (src, 1, 3, abfd) != 3) abort (); /* FIXME */ type = *src++; if (!ISHEX (src[0]) || !ISHEX (src[1])) break; bytes_on_line = HEX (src); if (bytes_on_line > MAXCHUNK / 2) break; src += 2; if (bfd_read (src, 1, bytes_on_line * 2, abfd) != bytes_on_line * 2) abort (); /* FIXME */ switch (type) { case '0': case '5': /* Prologue - ignore */ break; case '3': address = HEX (src); src += 2; bytes_on_line--; case '2': address = HEX (src) | (address << 8); src += 2; bytes_on_line--; case '1': address = HEX (src) | (address << 8); src += 2; address = HEX (src) | (address << 8); src += 2; bytes_on_line -= 2; func (abfd, section, address, src, bytes_on_line); break; default: return; } } } } static bfd_target * object_p (abfd) bfd *abfd; { asection *section; /* We create one section called .text for all the contents, and allocate enough room for the entire file. */ section = bfd_make_section (abfd, ".text"); section->_raw_size = 0; section->vma = 0xffffffff; low = 0xffffffff; high = 0; pass_over (abfd, size_srec, size_symbols, section); section->_raw_size = high - low; section->vma = low; section->flags = SEC_HAS_CONTENTS | SEC_LOAD | SEC_ALLOC; if (abfd->symcount) abfd->flags |= HAS_SYMS; return abfd->xvec; } static bfd_target * srec_object_p (abfd) bfd *abfd; { char b[4]; srec_init (); if (bfd_seek (abfd, (file_ptr) 0, SEEK_SET) != 0 || bfd_read (b, 1, 4, abfd) != 4) return NULL; if (b[0] != 'S' || !ISHEX (b[1]) || !ISHEX (b[2]) || !ISHEX (b[3])) return (bfd_target *) NULL; /* We create one section called .text for all the contents, and allocate enough room for the entire file. */ return object_p (abfd); } static bfd_target * symbolsrec_object_p (abfd) bfd *abfd; { char b[4]; srec_init (); if (bfd_seek (abfd, (file_ptr) 0, SEEK_SET) != 0 || bfd_read (b, 1, 4, abfd) != 4) return NULL; if (b[0] != '$' || b[1] != '$') return (bfd_target *) NULL; return object_p (abfd); } static boolean srec_get_section_contents (abfd, section, location, offset, count) bfd *abfd; asection *section; PTR location; file_ptr offset; bfd_size_type count; { if (section->used_by_bfd == (PTR) NULL) { section->used_by_bfd = (PTR) bfd_alloc (abfd, section->_raw_size); if (!section->used_by_bfd) { bfd_set_error (bfd_error_no_memory); return false; } pass_over (abfd, fillup, fillup_symbols, section); } memcpy ((PTR) location, (PTR) ((char *) (section->used_by_bfd) + offset), count); return true; } boolean srec_set_arch_mach (abfd, arch, machine) bfd *abfd; enum bfd_architecture arch; unsigned long machine; { return bfd_default_set_arch_mach (abfd, arch, machine); } /* we have to save up all the Srecords for a splurge before output, also remember */ static boolean srec_set_section_contents (abfd, section, location, offset, bytes_to_do) bfd *abfd; sec_ptr section; PTR location; file_ptr offset; bfd_size_type bytes_to_do; { tdata_type *tdata = abfd->tdata.srec_data; srec_data_list_type *entry = (srec_data_list_type *) bfd_alloc (abfd, sizeof (srec_data_list_type)); if (!entry) { bfd_set_error (bfd_error_no_memory); return false; } if ((section->flags & SEC_ALLOC) && (section->flags & SEC_LOAD)) { unsigned char *data = (unsigned char *) bfd_alloc (abfd, bytes_to_do); if (!data) { bfd_set_error (bfd_error_no_memory); return false; } memcpy ((PTR) data, location, bytes_to_do); if ((section->lma + offset + bytes_to_do) <= 0xffff) { } else if ((section->lma + offset + bytes_to_do) <= 0xffffff && tdata->type < 2) { tdata->type = 2; } else { tdata->type = 3; } entry->data = data; entry->where = section->lma + offset; entry->size = bytes_to_do; entry->next = tdata->head; tdata->head = entry; } return true; } /* Write a record of type, of the supplied number of bytes. The supplied bytes and length don't have a checksum. That's worked out here */ static boolean srec_write_record (abfd, type, address, data, end) bfd *abfd; int type; bfd_vma address; const unsigned char *data; const unsigned char *end; { char buffer[MAXCHUNK]; unsigned int check_sum = 0; CONST unsigned char *src = data; char *dst = buffer; char *length; *dst++ = 'S'; *dst++ = '0' + type; length = dst; dst += 2; /* leave room for dst*/ switch (type) { case 3: case 7: TOHEX (dst, (address >> 24), check_sum); dst += 2; case 8: case 2: TOHEX (dst, (address >> 16), check_sum); dst += 2; case 9: case 1: case 0: TOHEX (dst, (address >> 8), check_sum); dst += 2; TOHEX (dst, (address), check_sum); dst += 2; break; } for (src = data; src < end; src++) { TOHEX (dst, *src, check_sum); dst += 2; } /* Fill in the length */ TOHEX (length, (dst - length) / 2, check_sum); check_sum &= 0xff; check_sum = 255 - check_sum; TOHEX (dst, check_sum, check_sum); dst += 2; *dst++ = '\r'; *dst++ = '\n'; if (bfd_write ((PTR) buffer, 1, dst - buffer, abfd) != dst - buffer) return false; return true; } static boolean srec_write_header (abfd) bfd *abfd; { unsigned char buffer[MAXCHUNK]; unsigned char *dst = buffer; unsigned int i; /* I'll put an arbitary 40 char limit on header size */ for (i = 0; i < 40 && abfd->filename[i]; i++) { *dst++ = abfd->filename[i]; } return srec_write_record (abfd, 0, 0, buffer, dst); } static boolean srec_write_section (abfd, tdata, list) bfd *abfd; tdata_type *tdata; srec_data_list_type *list; { unsigned int bytes_written = 0; unsigned char *location = list->data; while (bytes_written < list->size) { bfd_vma address; unsigned int bytes_this_chunk = list->size - bytes_written; if (bytes_this_chunk > CHUNK) { bytes_this_chunk = CHUNK; } address = list->where + bytes_written; if (! srec_write_record (abfd, tdata->type, address, location, location + bytes_this_chunk)) return false; bytes_written += bytes_this_chunk; location += bytes_this_chunk; } return true; } static boolean srec_write_terminator (abfd, tdata) bfd *abfd; tdata_type *tdata; { unsigned char buffer[2]; return srec_write_record (abfd, 10 - tdata->type, abfd->start_address, buffer, buffer); } static boolean srec_write_symbols (abfd) bfd *abfd; { char buffer[MAXCHUNK]; /* Dump out the symbols of a bfd */ int i; int len = bfd_get_symcount (abfd); if (len) { size_t len; asymbol **table = bfd_get_outsymbols (abfd); sprintf (buffer, "$$ %s\r\n", abfd->filename); len = strlen (buffer) + 1; if (bfd_write (buffer, len, 1, abfd) != len) return false; for (i = 0; i < len; i++) { asymbol *s = table[i]; #if 0 int len = strlen (s->name); /* If this symbol has a .[ocs] in it, it's probably a file name and we'll output that as the module name */ if (len > 3 && s->name[len - 2] == '.') { int l; sprintf (buffer, "$$ %s\r\n", s->name); l = strlen (buffer); if (bfd_write (buffer, l, 1, abfd) != l) return false; } else #endif if (s->flags & (BSF_GLOBAL | BSF_LOCAL) && (s->flags & BSF_DEBUGGING) == 0 && s->name[0] != '.' && s->name[0] != 't') { /* Just dump out non debug symbols */ int l; char buf2[40], *p; sprintf_vma (buf2, s->value + s->section->output_section->lma + s->section->output_offset); p = buf2; while (p[0] == '0' && p[1] != 0) p++; sprintf (buffer, " %s $%s\r\n", s->name, p); l = strlen (buffer); if (bfd_write (buffer, l, 1, abfd) != l) return false; } } sprintf (buffer, "$$ \r\n"); len = strlen (buffer) + 1; if (bfd_write (buffer, len, 1, abfd) != len) return false; } return true; } static boolean internal_srec_write_object_contents (abfd, symbols) bfd *abfd; int symbols; { tdata_type *tdata = abfd->tdata.srec_data; srec_data_list_type *list; if (symbols) { if (! srec_write_symbols (abfd)) return false; } if (! srec_write_header (abfd)) return false; /* Now wander though all the sections provided and output them */ list = tdata->head; while (list != (srec_data_list_type *) NULL) { if (! srec_write_section (abfd, tdata, list)) return false; list = list->next; } return srec_write_terminator (abfd, tdata); } static boolean srec_write_object_contents (abfd) bfd *abfd; { return internal_srec_write_object_contents (abfd, 0); } static boolean symbolsrec_write_object_contents (abfd) bfd *abfd; { return internal_srec_write_object_contents (abfd, 1); } /*ARGSUSED*/ static int srec_sizeof_headers (abfd, exec) bfd *abfd; boolean exec; { return 0; } static asymbol * srec_make_empty_symbol (abfd) bfd *abfd; { asymbol *new = (asymbol *) bfd_zalloc (abfd, sizeof (asymbol)); if (new) new->the_bfd = abfd; return new; } static long srec_get_symtab_upper_bound (abfd) bfd *abfd; { /* Read in all the info */ if (! srec_get_section_contents (abfd, abfd->sections, 0, 0, 0)) return -1; return (bfd_get_symcount (abfd) + 1) * (sizeof (asymbol *)); } static long srec_get_symtab (abfd, alocation) bfd *abfd; asymbol **alocation; { int lim = abfd->symcount; int i; for (i = 0; i < lim; i++) { alocation[i] = abfd->tdata.srec_data->symbols + i; } alocation[i] = 0; return lim; } /*ARGSUSED*/ void srec_get_symbol_info (ignore_abfd, symbol, ret) bfd *ignore_abfd; asymbol *symbol; symbol_info *ret; { bfd_symbol_info (symbol, ret); } /*ARGSUSED*/ void srec_print_symbol (ignore_abfd, afile, symbol, how) bfd *ignore_abfd; PTR afile; asymbol *symbol; bfd_print_symbol_type how; { FILE *file = (FILE *) afile; switch (how) { case bfd_print_symbol_name: fprintf (file, "%s", symbol->name); break; default: bfd_print_symbol_vandf ((PTR) file, symbol); fprintf (file, " %-5s %s", symbol->section->name, symbol->name); } } #define srec_close_and_cleanup _bfd_generic_close_and_cleanup #define srec_bfd_free_cached_info _bfd_generic_bfd_free_cached_info #define srec_new_section_hook _bfd_generic_new_section_hook #define srec_bfd_is_local_label bfd_generic_is_local_label #define srec_get_lineno _bfd_nosymbols_get_lineno #define srec_find_nearest_line _bfd_nosymbols_find_nearest_line #define srec_bfd_make_debug_symbol _bfd_nosymbols_bfd_make_debug_symbol #define srec_bfd_get_relocated_section_contents \ bfd_generic_get_relocated_section_contents #define srec_bfd_relax_section bfd_generic_relax_section #define srec_bfd_link_hash_table_create _bfd_generic_link_hash_table_create #define srec_bfd_link_add_symbols _bfd_generic_link_add_symbols #define srec_bfd_final_link _bfd_generic_final_link bfd_target srec_vec = { "srec", /* name */ bfd_target_srec_flavour, true, /* target byte order */ true, /* target headers byte order */ (HAS_RELOC | EXEC_P | /* object flags */ HAS_LINENO | HAS_DEBUG | HAS_SYMS | HAS_LOCALS | WP_TEXT | D_PAGED), (SEC_CODE | SEC_DATA | SEC_ROM | SEC_HAS_CONTENTS | SEC_ALLOC | SEC_LOAD | SEC_RELOC), /* section flags */ 0, /* leading underscore */ ' ', /* ar_pad_char */ 16, /* ar_max_namelen */ 1, /* minimum alignment */ bfd_getb64, bfd_getb_signed_64, bfd_putb64, bfd_getb32, bfd_getb_signed_32, bfd_putb32, bfd_getb16, bfd_getb_signed_16, bfd_putb16, /* data */ bfd_getb64, bfd_getb_signed_64, bfd_putb64, bfd_getb32, bfd_getb_signed_32, bfd_putb32, bfd_getb16, bfd_getb_signed_16, bfd_putb16, /* hdrs */ { _bfd_dummy_target, srec_object_p, /* bfd_check_format */ (struct bfd_target * (*)()) bfd_nullvoidptr, (struct bfd_target * (*)()) bfd_nullvoidptr, }, { bfd_false, srec_mkobject, _bfd_generic_mkarchive, bfd_false, }, { /* bfd_write_contents */ bfd_false, srec_write_object_contents, _bfd_write_archive_contents, bfd_false, }, BFD_JUMP_TABLE_GENERIC (srec), BFD_JUMP_TABLE_COPY (_bfd_generic), BFD_JUMP_TABLE_CORE (_bfd_nocore), BFD_JUMP_TABLE_ARCHIVE (_bfd_noarchive), BFD_JUMP_TABLE_SYMBOLS (srec), BFD_JUMP_TABLE_RELOCS (_bfd_norelocs), BFD_JUMP_TABLE_WRITE (srec), BFD_JUMP_TABLE_LINK (srec), BFD_JUMP_TABLE_DYNAMIC (_bfd_nodynamic), (PTR) 0 }; bfd_target symbolsrec_vec = { "symbolsrec", /* name */ bfd_target_srec_flavour, true, /* target byte order */ true, /* target headers byte order */ (HAS_RELOC | EXEC_P | /* object flags */ HAS_LINENO | HAS_DEBUG | HAS_SYMS | HAS_LOCALS | WP_TEXT | D_PAGED), (SEC_CODE | SEC_DATA | SEC_ROM | SEC_HAS_CONTENTS | SEC_ALLOC | SEC_LOAD | SEC_RELOC), /* section flags */ 0, /* leading underscore */ ' ', /* ar_pad_char */ 16, /* ar_max_namelen */ 1, /* minimum alignment */ bfd_getb64, bfd_getb_signed_64, bfd_putb64, bfd_getb32, bfd_getb_signed_32, bfd_putb32, bfd_getb16, bfd_getb_signed_16, bfd_putb16, /* data */ bfd_getb64, bfd_getb_signed_64, bfd_putb64, bfd_getb32, bfd_getb_signed_32, bfd_putb32, bfd_getb16, bfd_getb_signed_16, bfd_putb16, /* hdrs */ { _bfd_dummy_target, symbolsrec_object_p, /* bfd_check_format */ (struct bfd_target * (*)()) bfd_nullvoidptr, (struct bfd_target * (*)()) bfd_nullvoidptr, }, { bfd_false, srec_mkobject, _bfd_generic_mkarchive, bfd_false, }, { /* bfd_write_contents */ bfd_false, symbolsrec_write_object_contents, _bfd_write_archive_contents, bfd_false, }, BFD_JUMP_TABLE_GENERIC (srec), BFD_JUMP_TABLE_COPY (_bfd_generic), BFD_JUMP_TABLE_CORE (_bfd_nocore), BFD_JUMP_TABLE_ARCHIVE (_bfd_noarchive), BFD_JUMP_TABLE_SYMBOLS (srec), BFD_JUMP_TABLE_RELOCS (_bfd_norelocs), BFD_JUMP_TABLE_WRITE (srec), BFD_JUMP_TABLE_LINK (srec), BFD_JUMP_TABLE_DYNAMIC (_bfd_nodynamic), (PTR) 0 };