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diff --git a/sim/ppc/RUN b/sim/ppc/RUN deleted file mode 100644 index eaf4918..0000000 --- a/sim/ppc/RUN +++ /dev/null @@ -1,888 +0,0 @@ - - PSIM - model the PowerPC environment - - Copyright (C) 1994-1996, Andrew Cagney <cagney@highland.com.au>. - - ---------------------------------------------------------------------- - - Running PSIM - - This file describes how to run the program PSIM. - - o Walk through a number of examples from the - pre-built tar archive psim-test. - - o Looks at the device tree used by PSIM. - - o Notes on building a programmer environment to - use with PSIM (BSD/UEA and BUG/OEA) - - - ---------------------------------------------------------------------- - - -RUNNING PSIM: - - -The compressed tar archive psim-test available from: - - ftp://ftp.ci.com.au/pub/psim/psim-test-1.0.tar.gz -or ftp://cambridge.cygnus.com/pub/psim/psim-test-1.0.tar.gz - -contains a number of pre-built programs for running under PSIM. Each -pre-built binary is built both big and little endian. The suffixes -.be/.le (executables) .bo/.lo (object files) and .ba/.la (libraries) -are used. - - -To run one of these programs, use: - - powerpc-unknown-eabi-run <image> - -vis - - powerpc-unknown-eabi-run psim-test/uea/envp - -(The program envp prints out your shells environment - very useful -:-). More generally psim is run as (this is part of the output from -the -h option): - - psim [ <psim-option> ... ] <image> [ <image-arg> ... ] - -Where - - <image> Name of the PowerPC program to run. - This can either be a PowerPC binary or - a text file containing a device tree - specification. - PSIM will attempt to determine from the - specified <image> the intended emulation - environment. - If PSIM gets it wrong, the emulation - environment can be specified using the - `-e' option (described below). - - <image-arg> Argument to be passed to <image> - These arguments will be passed to - <image> (as standard C argv, argc) - when <image> is started. - - <psim-option> See below - -The following are valid <psim-option>s: - - -m <model> Specify the processor to model (604) - Selects the processor to use when - modeling execution units. Includes: - 604, 603 and 603e - - -e <os-emul> specify an OS or platform to model - Can be any of the following: - bug - OEA + MOTO BUG ROM calls - netbsd - UEA + NetBSD system calls - chirp - OEA + a few OpenBoot calls - - -i Print instruction counting statistics - - -I Print execution unit statistics - - -r <size> Set RAM size in bytes (OEA environments) - - -t [!]<trace> Enable (disable) <trace> option - - -o <spec> add device <spec> to the device tree - - -h -? -H give more detailed usage - - -The `-H' option gives a long usage output. This includes a complete -list of all the pre-configured devices. - - - ---------------------------------------------------------------------- - - -RUNNING GDB: - - -If you built PSIM with gdb then the following is a quick start -tutorial. - -At present GDB, if configured big-endian (say) unlike PSIM, does not -support the debugging of little endian binaries. If you find that -your program won't run at all, make certain that GDB and your -program's endianness match. - - -The most important thing is that before you can run the simulator you -must enable it. For the simulator, gdb is started like any program: - - $ powerpc-unknown-eabi-gdb psim-test/uea/envp.be - -Next the simulator is enabled. The command `target sim' accepts the -same options as can be specified on the PSIM command line. - - (gdb) target sim - -To trace the communication between psim and gdb specify `target sim -t -gdb'. Once enabled, the binary needs to be loaded, any breakpoints of -interest set, and the program run: - - (gdb) load - (gdb) break main - (gdb) run - . - . - . - -In addition, if you are wanting to run a program described by a device -tree you can `attach' to the simulation using (I assume that you have -applied the attach patch): - - $ cd psim-test/tree - $ powerpc-unknown-eabi-gdb - (gdb) target sim - (gdb) attach device-tree - (gdb) run - -Here GDB takes the programs initial state from the attached -device-tree instead of forcing initialisation. - - - ---------------------------------------------------------------------- - - -PROFILING: - - -PSIM includes a number of performance monitoring (profiling) -facilities: - - o instruction frequency counting - - o execution unit modeling (records - effective usage of units). - - o instruction cache performance - -As discussed in the file INSTALL, each can be configured to individual -requirements. - - - -i Enable instruction counting. - - The frequency of all instructions is tabulated. In - addition (f configured) the hit/miss rate of the - instruction cache is output. - - - -I Enable execution unit analysis. - - In addition to counting basic instructions also model - the performance of the processors execution units - - - -m <processor> - - Select the processor to be modelled. - - For execution unit analysis specify the processor that - is to be analysed. By default the 604 is modelled - however, support for other processors such as the - 603 and 603e is included. - -The output from a performance run (on a P90) for the program -psim-test/profile/bench is below. In this run psim was fairly -agressively configured (see the file INSTALL for compile time -configuration). - - CPU #1 executed 41,994 AND instructions. - CPU #1 executed 519,785 AND Immediate instructions. - CPU #1 executed 680,058 Add instructions. - CPU #1 executed 41,994 Add Extended instructions. - CPU #1 executed 921,916 Add Immediate instructions. - CPU #1 executed 221,199 Add Immediate Carrying instructions. - CPU #1 executed 943,823 Add Immediate Shifted instructions. - CPU #1 executed 471,909 Add to Zero Extended instructions. - CPU #1 executed 571,915 Branch instructions. - CPU #1 executed 1,992,403 Branch Conditional instructions. - CPU #1 executed 571,910 Branch Conditional to Link Register instructions. - CPU #1 executed 320,431 Compare instructions. - CPU #1 executed 471,911 Compare Immediate instructions. - CPU #1 executed 145,867 Compare Logical instructions. - CPU #1 executed 442,414 Compare Logical Immediate instructions. - CPU #1 executed 1 Condition Register XOR instruction. - CPU #1 executed 103,873 Divide Word instructions. - CPU #1 executed 104,275 Divide Word Unsigned instructions. - CPU #1 executed 132,510 Extend Sign Byte instructions. - CPU #1 executed 178,895 Extend Sign Half Word instructions. - CPU #1 executed 871,920 Load Word and Zero instructions. - CPU #1 executed 41,994 Move From Condition Register instructions. - CPU #1 executed 100,005 Move from Special Purpose Register instructions. - CPU #1 executed 100,002 Move to Special Purpose Register instructions. - CPU #1 executed 804,619 Multiply Low Word instructions. - CPU #1 executed 421,201 OR instructions. - CPU #1 executed 471,910 OR Immediate instructions. - CPU #1 executed 1,292,020 Rotate Left Word Immediate then AND with Mask instructions. - CPU #1 executed 663,613 Shift Left Word instructions. - CPU #1 executed 1,151,564 Shift Right Algebraic Word Immediate instructions. - CPU #1 executed 871,922 Store Word instructions. - CPU #1 executed 100,004 Store Word with Update instructions. - CPU #1 executed 887,804 Subtract From instructions. - CPU #1 executed 83,988 Subtract From Immediate Carrying instructions. - CPU #1 executed 1 System Call instruction. - CPU #1 executed 207,746 XOR instructions. - - CPU #1 executed 23,740,856 cycles. - CPU #1 executed 10,242,780 stalls waiting for data. - CPU #1 executed 1 stall waiting for a function unit. - CPU #1 executed 1 stall waiting for serialization. - CPU #1 executed 1,757,900 times a write-back slot was unavailable. - CPU #1 executed 1,088,135 branches. - CPU #1 executed 2,048,093 conditional branches fell through. - CPU #1 executed 1,088,135 successful branch predictions. - CPU #1 executed 904,268 unsuccessful branch predictions. - CPU #1 executed 742,557 branch if the condition is FALSE conditional branches. - CPU #1 executed 1,249,846 branch if the condition is TRUE conditional branches. - CPU #1 executed 571,910 branch always conditional branches. - CPU #1 executed 9,493,653 1st single cycle integer functional unit instructions. - CPU #1 executed 1,220,900 2nd single cycle integer functional unit instructions. - CPU #1 executed 1,254,768 multiple cycle integer functional unit instructions. - CPU #1 executed 1,843,846 load/store functional unit instructions. - CPU #1 executed 3,136,229 branch functional unit instructions. - CPU #1 executed 16,949,396 instructions that were accounted for in timing info. - CPU #1 executed 871,920 data reads. - CPU #1 executed 971,926 data writes. - CPU #1 executed 221 icache misses. - CPU #1 executed 16,949,396 instructions in total. - - Simulator speed was 250,731 instructions/second - - - ---------------------------------------------------------------------- - - -PSIM CONFIGURATION - THE DEVICE TREE - - -Internally PSIM's configuration is controlled by a tree data -structure. This structure, created at run-time, intentionally -resembles the device tree used by OpenBoot firmware to describe a -machines hardware configuration. - -PSIM can either create its device tree using a builtin emulation or -from one read in from a file. - -During startup, the device tree is created using the following steps: - - o Initial empty tree is created - - o Any tree entry options specified on the - command line are merged in (the -o <entry> - option is used). - - It should be pointed out that most of the - command line options (eg -r, -e, -m, -t - are all just short hand for corresponding - -o options). - - o If the specified program is a device tree spec, that - is loaded. - - If the specified program is a text file it is assumed - that that file contains a further specification of the - simulators device tree. That tree is loaded and - merged with the current tree options. - - o The selected emulation fills out any remaining details. - - By this stage the emulation environment that the program - needs will either be specified in the device tree - (through the -e option) or determined from the - characteristics of the binary. - - The selected emulation will then fill out any missing - nodes in the device tree. - -Most importantly earlier additions to the tree are not overridden by -later additions. Thus, command line options override information -found in the program file and both override any emulation entries. - -The following is a summary of the most useful runtime configuration -options: - - -e <os-emul> - -o '/openprom/options/os-emul <os-emul>' - - Run program using the <emulation> run-time - environment. - - -r <ram-size> - -o '/openprom/options/oea-memory-size <ram-size>' - - Set the size of the first bank of memory - (RAM from address 0 up). - - -t print-device-tree - -o '/openprom/trace/print-device-tree 1' - - -t dump-device-tree - -o '/openprom/trace/dump-device-tree 1' - - Print out the device tree once it has been fully - populated. For dump-device-tree, exit simulator after - dumping the tree. - - PSIM is able to reload the dumped device tree. - - The format of the dumped tree is under development. - - -o '/openprom/options/smp <N>' - - Enable <N> processors for the simulation run. - See the directory psim-test/oea for an example. - - -o '/openprom/options/alignment <N>' - - Where <N> is 1 - nonstrict or 2 - strict. - Specify if the missaligned access are allowed - (non-strict) or result in an alignment exception - (strict). - -Devices (if included in the file device_table.c) can also be specified -in a similar way. For instance, to add a second serial port, a -command like: - - -o '/iobus@0x400000/console@0x000010' - -would create a `console' device at offset 0x10 within the `iobus' at -memory address 0x400000. - -For more detailed information on device specifiers see the notes on -the function dump_device_tree in the file device.c (found in the -source code). - - - ---------------------------------------------------------------------- - - -BUILDING A BUG/OEA DEVELOPMENT ENVIRONMENT - - -Background: - - -Included in many PowerPC systems is Motorola's BUG monitor. This -monitor includes, for client programs, a set of services that allow -that program to interact with hardware devices such as the console using -a simple system call interface. - -PSIM is able to emulate a number of the services (including the -console IO calls). If additional services are needed they can easily -be added. - -Cygnus support's newlib library includes includes an interface to the -MOTO BUG services. The notes below discuss how I both built and run -programs compiled using this library on PSIM. - -The only confusing part about building a development environment based -around newlib/binutils/gcc is a chicken/egg problem with include -files: - - For GCC to build, a fairly complete set of include - files must be installed but newlib won't install its - include files until it has been built with gcc ... - -I get around this by installing the problematic include files by hand. - - -Preparation: - - -The following files are needed: - -From your favorite FTP site, the sources to gas/ld and gcc - mine -happens to be archie.au : - - ftp://archie.au/gnu/binutils-2.6.tar.gz - ftp://archie.au/gnu/gcc-2.6.2.tar.gz - -From ftp://ftp.cygnus.com/pub/newlib the source code to a library: - - ftp://ftp.cygnus.com/pub/newlib/newlib-1.7.0.tar.gz - -From ftp://ftp.ci.com.au/pub/psim some minor patches and updates to -the above library: - - ftp://ftp.ci.com.au/pub/psim/newlib-1.7.0+float+ppc-asm.tar.gz - ftp://ftp.ci.com.au/pub/psim/newlib-1.7.0+ppc-fix.diff.gz - ftp://ftp.ci.com.au/pub/psim/binutils-2.6+note.diff.gz - -In addition you'll need to decide where you will be installing the -development environment. You will notice that in the below I install -things well away /usr/local instead installing everything under its -own directory in /applications. - - -Method: - - -These notes are based on an installation performed on a Sun-OS-4/SPARC -host. For other hosts and other configurations, the below should be -considered as a guideline only. - - - o Sanity check - - $ cd .../scratch # your scratch directory - $ ls -1 - binutils-2.6.tar.gz - binutils-2.6+note.diff.gz - gcc-2.7.2,tar.gz - newlib-1.7.0+float+ppc-asm.tar.gz - newlib-1.7.0+ppc-fix.diff.gz - newlib-1.7.0.tar.gz - - - o Unpack/build/install binutils - - This is done first so that there is a gas/ld ready - for the building of GCC and NEWLIB. - - $ cd .../scratch - $ gunzip < binutils-2.6.tar.gz | tar xf - - $ cd binutils-2.6 - - Optionally apply the note patch - - $ gunzip ../binutils-2.6+note.diff.gz | patch - - Then continue with the build - - $ ./configure --target=powerpc-unknown-eabi \ - --prefix=/applications/psim - $ make - $ make install - $ cd .. - $ rm -rf binutils-2.6 - - This also creates much of the installation directory - tree. - - - o Unpack newlib, install the include files so that they - are ready for GCC's build. - - $ cd .../scratch - $ gunzip < newlib-1.7.0.tar.gz | tar xf - - - New lib-1.7.0 had a few minor bugs (fixed in current): - the header files float.h and ppc-asm.h were missing; - the configure and Makefile's for the rs6000 (ppc) directory - contained typos: - - $ cd .../scratch - $ cd newlib-1.7.0 - $ gunzip < ../newlib-1.7.0+float+ppc-asm.tar.gz | tar xvf - - $ gunzip < ../newlib-1.7.0+ppc-fix.diff.gz | patch -p1 - - Finally copy the include files to where GCC will see them: - - $ cd .../scratch - $ cd newlib-1.7.0/newlib/libc - $ tar cf - include | \ - ( cd /applications/psim/powerpc-unknown-eabi && tar xf - ) - - - o Unpack/build gcc - - $ cd .../scratch - $ gunzip < gcc-2.7.2,tar.gz | tar xf - - $ cd gcc-2.7.2 - $ ./configure --target=powerpc-unknown-eabi \ - --prefix=/applications/psim - $ make - $ make install - $ cd .. - $ rm -rf gcc-2.7.2 - - Gcc likes to install its own dummy version of float that - just returns an error. - - $ more /applications/psim/lib/gcc-lib/powerpc-unknown-eabi/2.7.2/include/float.h - $ rm /applications/psim/lib/gcc-lib/powerpc-unknown-eabi/2.7.2/include/float.h - - - o Finish building/installing newlib - - $ cd .../scratch - $ cd newlib-1.7.0 - $ ./configure --target=powerpc-unknown-eabi \ - --prefix=/applications/psim - - Your path will need to include the recently installed - gas/gcc when building. Either add it to your path or - use: - - $ PATH=/applications/psim/bin:$PATH make - $ PATH=/applications/psim/bin:$PATH make install - - - o Finally, test out the build - - $ cat hello.c - main() - { - printf("hello world\n"); - } - - The binary is linked with an entry point less than 0x100000 - (1mb) so that psim will recognize the binary as needing - the BUG/OEA instead of the BSD/UEA runtime environment. - - $ powerpc-unknown-eabi-gcc -v -o hello \ - -Wl,-Ttext,0x4000,-Tdata,0x10000 \ - /applications/psim/powerpc-unknown-eabi/lib/mvme-crt0.o \ - hello.c \ - -lc -lmvme - $ powerpc-unknown-eabi-objdump -h hello - $ powerpc-unknown-eabi-run hello - - It is also possible to force psim to use a specific - run-time environment using the -e option vis: - - $ powerpc-unknown-eabi-run -e bug hello - - - - - ---------------------------------------------------------------------- - - -BUILDING A BSD/UEA DEVELOPMENT ENVIRONMENT - - -Background: - - -For a UEA to be useful it needs a supporting run-time environment. -PSIM implements a runtime environment based on the NetBSD system call -interface. - -More than any thing, this user level emulation was the first -implemented because I happened to have the NetBSD source code lying -lying around. - - -Preparation: - - -This requires the NetBSD-1.1 source tree online. It can either be -obtained vi ftp: - - try http://www.netbsd.org or ftp://ftp.netbsd.org - -Alternatively obtain one of the NetBSD cdrom's. Patches to this source -tree that fill out much of the PowerPC code are available in: - - ftp://ftp.ci.com.au/pub/clayton - -Fetch everything in that directory - diffs, tar archives and scripts. -In addition a patch to binutils is in: - - ftp://ftp.ci.com.au/pub/psim/binutils-2.6+note.diff.gz - -Finally you'll require a compiler and assembler/linker: - - gcc-2.7.2.tar.gz - binutils-2.6.tar.gz - - - - -Method: - - -These notes are based on an installation performed on a Solaris2/x86 -host. For other hosts and other configurations, the below should be -considered as a guideline only. - - - o Sanity check - - I assume that you have already obtained the NetBSD-1.1 source - code and unpacked it into the directory bsd-src. While the - full NetBSD source tree may not be needed, things are easier - if it is all online. - - $ cd .../scratch - $ ls -1 - binutils-2.6.tar.gz - binutils-2.6.tar.gz - clayton-include-960203.diff.gz - clayton-lib-960203.diff.gz - clayton-lib-960203.tar.gz - clayton-sys-960203.diff.gz - clayton-sys-960203.tar.gz - clayton-utils-960203.tar.gz - clayton.chown.sh - clayton.install.sh - clayton.lorder.sh - clayton.make.sh - clayton.usr.bin.make.diff - gcc-2.7.2.tar.gz - gcc-2.7.2+sys-types.diff.gz - - - o Unpack the bsd source code (if you haven't already) - - $ cd .../scratch - $ mkdir bsd-src - $ cd bsd-src - $ for d in /cdrom/bsdisc_12_95_disc2/NetBSD-1.1/source/*11 - do - echo $d - cat $d/*.?? | gunzip | tar xf - - done - - Flatten the directory structure a little. - - $ mv usr/src/* . - $ rmdir usr/src usr - $ cd .. - - - o Unpack/build/install binutils - - $ cd .../scratch - $ gunzip < binutils-2.6.tar.gz | tar xf - - $ cd binutils-2.6 - - Optionally apply the note patch - - $ gunzip ../binutils-2.6+note.diff.gz | patch - - Then continue with the build - - $ ./configure --target=powerpc-unknown-eabi \ - --prefix=/applications/psim - $ make - $ make install - $ cd .. - $ rm -rf binutils-2.6 - - This has the intended side effect of partially populating - the psim directory tree which makes follow on steps easier. - - - o Fill out the install directory with a few additions (if - install -d works, this can be simplified). - - $ mkdir \ - /applications/psim/bsd-root \ - /applications/psim/bsd-root/usr \ - /applications/psim/bsd-root/usr/share \ - /applications/psim/bsd-root/usr/share/doc \ - /applications/psim/bsd-root/usr/share/doc/psd \ - /applications/psim/bsd-root/usr/share/doc/psd/19.curses \ - /applications/psim/bsd-root/usr/include \ - /applications/psim/bsd-root/usr/lib \ - - - o Make the bsd and gnu include directories point to the same - location. - - GCC expects include files to be in one location while the - bsd install expects them in a second. The link is in - the direction below because bsd's install also insists on - a directory (not a link) for its install destination. - - $ ln -s ../bsd-root/usr/include \ - /applications/psim/powerpc-unknown-eabi/include - - - - o Build/install Berkeley make - - In building Berkeley make from the NetBSD-1.1 source tree - a number of problems may be encountered. - - These problems have been fixed in NetBSD-current (after - 4/2/96 (ie start Feb)) you should probably obtain that - version of make. Alternatively, you can try following the - notes below that got make working on a Solaris-2.5/x86 - host. - - $ cd .../scratch - $ cd bsd-src/usr.bin/make - $ pwd - .../scratch/bsd-src/usr.bin/make - - Copy/stub some additional include files that your host may not - have. - - $ cp ../../include/ranlib.h ranlib.h - $ mkdir sys - $ cp ../../sys/sys/cdefs.h sys/cdefs.h - $ mkdir machine - $ touch machine/cdefs.h - - Edit/fix some of the BSDisms. The patch file indicated - contains fixes I found when compiling on my host, your - host will probably differ. - - $ gunzip < ../../../clayton.usr.bin.make.diff.gz | patch - - Build it with some extra flags (again your flags will differ): - - $ make -f Makefile.boot CC='gcc -g -DPOSIX' - - With bmake built, install it into the target specific bin - directory: - - $ cp bmake /applications/psim/powerpc-unknown-eabi/bin/make - $ cd ../../.. - - - o Patch/install Berkeley make's include (mk) files. - - $ cd .../share - $ cd bsd-src/share - $ tar cf - mk | ( cd /applications/psim/bsd-root/usr/share \ - && tar xf - ) - $ cd ../.. - - - o Set up a number of wrapper scripts for bmake so that it works. - - In addition to needing BSD make the build process assumes - a number of BSD specific commands. To get around this - several wrapper scripts are available. - - powerpc-unknown-eabi-make (clayton.make) - - Front end to Berkeley make setting it up for a - cross compilation - - /applications/psim/bin/powerpc-unknown-eabi-make - - chown (clayton.chown) - - Wrapper that does not do any thing. - Avoids the need to be root when installing. - - /applications/psim/powerpc-unknown-eabi/bin - - install (clayton.install) - - Wrapper to strip away a number of bsd specific install - arguments. - - /applications/psim/powerpc-unknown-eabi/bin/install - - lorder (clayton.lorder) - - Tweaked lorder script that will use nm etc from - binutils. - - /applications/psim/powerpc-unknown-eabi/bin/lorder - - - o Apply the remaining patches for the BSD source tree - - $ cd .../scratch - $ cd bsd-src - - Diffs are applied using something like: - - $ gunzip < ../clayton-include-960203.diff.gz | more - ... - - The patch to sys/dev/pci/ncr.c.rej might fail. - - The tar archives have a different problem, you need - to remove the `src' prefix. I used - - $ ln -s . src - $ gunzip < ../clayton-lib-960203.tar.gz | tar xtf - - ... - - So that src/xxx unpacked into ./xxx - - - $ cd .. - - - - o Install the include files - - $ cd .../scratch - $ cd bsd-src/include - $ powerpc-unknown-eabi-make install - $ cd ../.. - - - o Install a few other include files. - - As with building libnew, the bsd build process has - several include file problems. - - $ cd .../scratch - $ cd bsd-src - $ cp gnu/lib/libg++/g++-include/values.h \ - /applications/psim/powerpc-unknown-eabi/include - $ cp lib/libcurses/curses.h \ - /applications/psim/powerpc-unknown-eabi/include - - $ cd .. - - - - o Build/install gcc - - $ cd .../scratch - $ gunzip < gcc-2.7.2,tar.gz | tar xf - - $ cd gcc-2.7.2 - - GCC and BSD (for PowerPC) have a conflicting type - declaration. The patch below gets around this - problem: - - $ gunzip < ../gcc-2.7.2+sys-types.diff.gz | patch - - Other than that, assuming the include files installed - okay, the rest should be fine .... - - $ ./configure --target=powerpc-unknown-eabi \ - --prefix=/applications/psim - $ make CC=gcc - $ make CC=gcc install - $ cd .. - $ rm -rf gcc-2.7.2 - - - o Build/install the Berkeley library: - - $ cd .../scratch - $ cd bsd-src/lib - $ powerpc-unknown-eabi-make - $ powerpc-unknown-eabi-make install - $ cd ../.. - - If you encounter problems try the following: an include - file not yet installed; a directory not yet created; - running the hosts version of a program instead of a - bsd version. - - o Build/run a simple BSD program - - $ cd .../scratch - $ cd bsd-src/usr.bin/printenv - $ powerpc-unknown-eabi-make - $ powerpc-unknown-eabi-run printenv - . - . - . - - - ---------------------------------------------------------------------- |