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-rw-r--r--gdb/doc/.Sanitize105
-rw-r--r--gdb/doc/ChangeLog1479
-rw-r--r--gdb/doc/HPPA-cfg.texi114
-rw-r--r--gdb/doc/LRS197
-rwxr-xr-xgdb/doc/Makefile0
-rw-r--r--gdb/doc/Makefile.in355
-rw-r--r--gdb/doc/a4rc.sed11
-rw-r--r--gdb/doc/all-cfg.texi112
-rw-r--r--gdb/doc/all-config.texi0
-rw-r--r--gdb/doc/annotate.texi717
-rwxr-xr-xgdb/doc/configure862
-rw-r--r--gdb/doc/configure.in4
-rwxr-xr-xgdb/doc/gdb-all.texi0
-rw-r--r--gdb/doc/gdb-config.texi0
-rwxr-xr-xgdb/doc/gdb.alter-m40
-rwxr-xr-xgdb/doc/gdb.bugs-m40
-rwxr-xr-xgdb/doc/gdb.canned-m40
-rwxr-xr-xgdb/doc/gdb.cmds-m40
-rwxr-xr-xgdb/doc/gdb.ctl-m40
-rwxr-xr-xgdb/doc/gdb.data-m40
-rwxr-xr-xgdb/doc/gdb.emacs-m40
-rwxr-xr-xgdb/doc/gdb.files-m40
-rwxr-xr-xgdb/doc/gdb.gpl-m40
-rwxr-xr-xgdb/doc/gdb.install-m40
-rwxr-xr-xgdb/doc/gdb.invoc-m40
-rwxr-xr-xgdb/doc/gdb.rdln-m40
-rwxr-xr-xgdb/doc/gdb.rename-m40
-rwxr-xr-xgdb/doc/gdb.run-m40
-rwxr-xr-xgdb/doc/gdb.sample-m40
-rwxr-xr-xgdb/doc/gdb.src-m40
-rwxr-xr-xgdb/doc/gdb.stack-m40
-rwxr-xr-xgdb/doc/gdb.stop-m40
-rwxr-xr-xgdb/doc/gdb.symb-m40
-rw-r--r--gdb/doc/gdb.texinfo10316
-rwxr-xr-xgdb/doc/gdb.tgts-m40
-rwxr-xr-xgdb/doc/gdb.top-m40
-rw-r--r--gdb/doc/gdbgui.texinfo411
-rw-r--r--gdb/doc/gdbint.texinfo2711
-rwxr-xr-xgdb/doc/gdbinv-m.m40
-rw-r--r--gdb/doc/gdbinv-m.m4.in0
-rwxr-xr-xgdb/doc/gdbinv-s.m40
-rw-r--r--gdb/doc/gdbinv-s.m4.in0
-rw-r--r--gdb/doc/gdbinv-s.texi0
-rw-r--r--gdb/doc/h8-cfg.texi47
-rw-r--r--gdb/doc/h8-config.texi0
-rw-r--r--gdb/doc/h8.m40
-rwxr-xr-xgdb/doc/interim-gdb.texinfo0
-rwxr-xr-xgdb/doc/interim-gdbinv-m.m40
-rwxr-xr-xgdb/doc/interim-gdbinv-s.m40
-rw-r--r--gdb/doc/libgdb.texinfo878
-rw-r--r--gdb/doc/lpsrc.sed13
-rw-r--r--gdb/doc/lucid.m40
-rw-r--r--gdb/doc/psrc.sed13
-rwxr-xr-xgdb/doc/rc-cm.tex0
-rwxr-xr-xgdb/doc/rc-ps.tex0
-rwxr-xr-xgdb/doc/rc-pslong.tex0
-rwxr-xr-xgdb/doc/rdl-apps.texi0
-rw-r--r--gdb/doc/refcard.tex551
-rw-r--r--gdb/doc/remote.texi1708
-rw-r--r--gdb/doc/snapshots.readme245
-rw-r--r--gdb/doc/stabs.texinfo4019
-rw-r--r--gdb/doc/z8000.m40
62 files changed, 0 insertions, 24868 deletions
diff --git a/gdb/doc/.Sanitize b/gdb/doc/.Sanitize
deleted file mode 100644
index d1f0cd9..0000000
--- a/gdb/doc/.Sanitize
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,105 +0,0 @@
-# .Sanitize for gdb/doc.
-
-# Each directory to survive its way into a release will need a file
-# like this one called "./.Sanitize". All keyword lines must exist,
-# and must exist in the order specified by this file. Each directory
-# in the tree will be processed, top down, in the following order.
-
-# Hash started lines like this one are comments and will be deleted
-# before anything else is done. Blank lines will also be squashed
-# out.
-
-# The lines between the "Do-first:" line and the "Things-to-keep:"
-# line are executed as a /bin/sh shell script before anything else is
-# done in this directory.
-
-Do-first:
-
-# Note that gdbgui.texinfo is actually a generic document, but right
-# now it only describes gdbtk, so we keep/lose as a gdbtk file.
-
-gdbtk_files="gdbgui.texinfo"
-
-if ( echo $* | grep lose\-gdbtk > /dev/null ) ; then
- lose_these_too="${gdbtk_files} ${lose_these_too}"
- if [ -n "${verbose}" ] ; then
- echo Deleting ${gdbtk_files}
- fi
-else
- keep_these_too="${gdbtk_files} ${keep_these_too}"
- if [ -n "${verbose}" ] ; then
- echo Keeping ${gdbtk_files}
- fi
-fi
-
-# All files listed between the "Things-to-keep:" line and the
-# "Files-to-sed:" line will be kept. All other files will be removed.
-# Directories listed in this section will have their own Sanitize
-# called. Directories not listed will be removed in their entirety
-# with rm -rf.
-
-# Note that we don't even keep the "config" directory, since it is
-# not currently used (since we abolished use of M4 in the docs).
-
-Things-to-keep:
-
-ChangeLog
-HPPA-cfg.texi
-LRS
-Makefile.in
-a4rc.sed
-agentexpr.texi
-all-cfg.texi
-annotate.texi
-configure
-configure.in
-libgdb.texinfo
-gdb.texinfo
-gdbint.texinfo
-h8-cfg.texi
-lpsrc.sed
-psrc.sed
-refcard.tex
-remote.texi
-stabs.texinfo
-
-Things-to-lose:
-
-# The README file for gdb testers using snapshots.
-snapshots.readme
-
-Do-last:
-
-# Don't try to clean directories here, as the 'mv' command will fail.
-# Also, grep fails on NFS mounted directories.
-if ( echo $* | grep lose\-gdbtk > /dev/null ) ; then
- echo Catering to RMS by removing traces of \"gdbtk\"...
- for i in * ; do
- if test ! -d $i && (grep sanitize-gdbtk $i > /dev/null) ; then
- echo Removing traces of \"gdbtk\" out of $i...
- cp $i new
- sed '/start\-sanitize\-gdbtk/,/end-\sanitize\-gdbtk/d' < $i > new
- if [ -n "${safe}" -a ! -f .Recover/$i ] ; then
- echo Caching $i in .Recover...
- mv $i .Recover
- fi
- mv new $i
- fi
- done
-else
- echo Leaving \"gdbtk\" in the sources...
- for i in * ; do
- if test ! -d $i && (grep sanitize-gdbtk $i > /dev/null) ; then
- echo Keeping \"gdbtk\" stuff in $i, but editing out sanitize lines...
- cp $i new
- sed -e '/start\-sanitize\-gdbtk/d' -e '/end\-sanitize\-gdbtk/d' < $i > new
- if [ -n "${safe}" -a ! -f .Recover/$i ] ; then
- echo Caching $i in .Recover...
- mv $i .Recover
- fi
- mv new $i
- fi
- done
-fi
-
-# End of file.
diff --git a/gdb/doc/ChangeLog b/gdb/doc/ChangeLog
deleted file mode 100644
index da7d1af..0000000
--- a/gdb/doc/ChangeLog
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,1479 +0,0 @@
-Thu Feb 11 18:00:59 1999 Stan Shebs <shebs@andros.cygnus.com>
-
- * gdb.texinfo: Update the credits.
-
-Mon Feb 8 17:33:57 1999 Stan Shebs <shebs@andros.cygnus.com>
-
- * gdb.texinfo: Fix mistakes noticed in printout of last
- draft, add Alpha to discussion of heuristic fence post.
-
-Fri Feb 5 17:20:00 1999 Stan Shebs <shebs@andros.cygnus.com>
-
- * gdb.texinfo, remote.texi: Many changes; update to Seventh
- Edition, merge some HP changes into mainline, describe some
- previously undocumented features, describe more of the target
- commands available, eliminate obsolete section on renamed
- commands.
- * all-cfg.texi, HPPA-cfg.texi: Remove some obsolete conditionals.
-
-Wed Jan 20 17:47:45 1999 Stan Shebs <shebs@andros.cygnus.com>
-
- * gdb.texinfo: Make many HPPA conditionals unconditional,
- including catchpoint description, since now on for all configs.
- * all-cfg.texi: @clear HPPA, since is mainly for very HP-specific
- specializations.
-
-Thu Jan 14 17:10:12 1999 Stan Shebs <shebs@andros.cygnus.com>
-
- * Makefile.in (GDBvn.texi): Fix match expression to work with
- current format of VERSION in gdb/Makefile.in.
- * gdb.texinfo: Fix node ref to match new readline.
-
-Wed Jan 13 10:38:40 1999 Edith Epstein <eepstein@sophia.cygnus.com>
-
- * gdb.texinfo: Changes made as part of a project to merge in
- changes made by HP. Documentation makes extensive use of
- @ifclear HPPA and @ifset HPPA. The HP manual omits doumentation
- on remote debugging. There are differences in documentation
- (HP vs. non-HP) on C++ support (aCC vs. gnu gcc++). Also,
- the HP manual discusses catchpoints, hardware watchpoints, and
- some HPUX specific limitations for shared library support.
-
- There are also a number of @node changes.
-
-1999-01-12 Jason Molenda (jsm@bugshack.cygnus.com)
-
- * gdbint.texinfo (Formatting): Disambiguate a sentence.
- (C Usage): Same.
-
-Wed Jan 6 11:55:34 1999 David Taylor <taylor@texas.cygnus.com>
-
- The following changes were made by Edith Epstein
- <eepstein@cygnus.com> as part of a project to merge in changes
- made by HP.
-
- * HPPA-cfg.texi: new file.
-
- * all-cfg.texi: set HPPA for HP PA-RISC targets.
-
- * refcard.tex: change documentation about catch.
- removed info catch.
-
-Mon Jan 4 18:29:18 1999 Stan Shebs <shebs@andros.cygnus.com>
-
- * gdbint.texinfo: Expand on GDB's coding standards,
- specify the use of arg names with prototypes.
-
-1998-12-14 J.T. Conklin <jtc@redbacknetworks.com>
-
- * gdb.texinfo: Fix tipo.
-
-Sun Dec 13 10:27:59 1998 Andrew Cagney <cagney@b1.cygnus.com>
-
- * gdbint.texinfo: Document TARGET_BYTE_ORDER_DEFAULT and
- TARGET_BYTE_ORDER_SELECTABLE_P.
-
-Thu Dec 10 16:07:09 1998 Andrew Cagney <cagney@b1.cygnus.com>
-
- * gdbint.texinfo (FRAME_FIND_SAVED_REGS): Document.
-
-1998-12-09 Jim Blandy <jimb@zwingli.cygnus.com>
-
- * agentexpr.texi: New file.
-
-Wed Dec 9 21:13:57 1998 Andrew Cagney <cagney@chook>
-
- * gdbint.texinfo (REGISTER_NAME): Replace REGISTER_NAMES.
-
-1998-12-03 J.T. Conklin <jtc@redbacknetworks.com>
-
- * remote.texi: Changed wording that implied that the GDB remote
- protocol caches register values instead of GDB itself.
-
-Tue Dec 1 17:45:43 1998 Stan Shebs <shebs@andros.cygnus.com>
-
- * gdbint.texinfo: Add some info about symbol readers.
- (CHILL_PRODUCER, etc): Comment out descriptions, not useful.
- (IN_SOLIB_CALL_TRAMPOLINE): Rename info from IN_SOLIB_TRAMPOLINE.
- (IN_SOLIB_RETURN_TRAMPOLINE): Describe.
- (KERNEL_DEBUGGING, MIPSEL): No info about these, remove.
-
-Mon Nov 30 11:32:21 1998 Andrew Cagney <cagney@chook>
-
- * gdbint.texinfo (FRAME_CHAIN_VALID_ALTERNATE):
-
-Sat Nov 28 13:45:53 1998 Andrew Cagney <cagney@b1.cygnus.com>
-
- * gdbint.texinfo (INNER_THAN): Update, now takes parameters.
-
-Fri Nov 27 12:39:45 1998 Andrew Cagney <cagney@chook>
-
- * gdbint.texinfo (NO_SINGLE_STEP): Replace with
- SOFTWARE_SINGLE_STEP_P and SOFTWARE_SINGLE_STEP.
-
-Wed Oct 14 10:02:40 1998 Andrew Cagney <cagney@b1.cygnus.com>
-
- * gdbint.texinfo: Fix minor typos.
-
-Wed Sep 30 18:03:19 1998 Stan Shebs <shebs@andros.cygnus.com>
-
- * gdbint.texinfo: Complete overhaul. Group descriptions more
- logically, add more info on generic algorithms, remove much
- obsolete and/or wrong material.
-
-Fri Jul 24 17:51:38 1998 Ian Lance Taylor <ian@cygnus.com>
-
- * stabs.texinfo (Method Type Descriptor): Expand and correct.
-
-Mon May 4 10:37:12 1998 Brian Youmans (3diff@gnu.org)
-
- * refcard.tex: Copyright, address updates.
-
-Tue Apr 21 18:09:56 1998 Stan Shebs <shebs@andros.cygnus.com>
-
- * gdb.texinfo (EDITION, DATE): Update and change to use ordinals
- for the edition instead of confusing GDB-version-like numbers.
-
-Mon Apr 13 14:05:00 1998 Fred Fish <fnf@cygnus.com>
-
- * gdb.texinfo (hbreak, watch): Fix typo, "date" -> "data".
-
-Thu Apr 2 16:52:44 1998 Jason Molenda (crash@bugshack.cygnus.com)
-
- * LRS: Reformat a bit to keep text under 80 columns.
-
-Thu Apr 2 16:10:36 1998 Stan Shebs <shebs@andros.cygnus.com>
-
- * gdb.texinfo: Add some credits, mention bug monitor.
- * remote.texi: Mention mips monitor targets.
- * gdbint.texinfo: Describe SP_REGNUM, STEP_SKIPS_DELAY.
-
-Mon Feb 2 17:13:03 1998 Stan Shebs <shebs@andros.cygnus.com>
-
- * gdbint.texinfo: Remove obsolete mentions of pinsn.c and opcode.h
- files, finish sorting of host vs target vs native macros, describe
- some more of them.
-
-Tue Jan 13 16:44:50 1998 Fred Fish <fnf@cygnus.com>
-
- * gdbint.texinfo (Host Conditionals): Document change from
- using NO_MMALLOC to it's inverse, USE_MMALLOC.
-
-Mon Nov 24 13:55:21 1997 Andrew Cagney <cagney@b1.cygnus.com>
-
- * gdbint.texinfo (Host Conditionals): Document
- PRINTF_HAS_LONG_DOUBLE, SCANF_HAS_LONG_DOUBLE, HAVE_LONG_DOUBLE.
-
-Fri Jul 4 14:52:31 1997 Ian Lance Taylor <ian@cygnus.com>
-
- * gdbint.texinfo (Host Conditionals): Add CRLF_SOURCE_LINES.
- Document LSEEK_NOT_LINEAR.
-
-Tue Mar 25 14:44:09 1997 Ian Lance Taylor <ian@cygnus.com>
-
- * stabs.texinfo (Stab Section Basics): Make it clear that only
- some versions of the GNU linker remove the leading N_UNDF symbol.
-
-Thu Feb 27 17:45:19 1997 Ian Lance Taylor <ian@cygnus.com>
-
- * stabs.texinfo (String Field): Document type number pairs here,
- instead of in the Sun specific section.
- (Include Files): The GNU linker supports the N_BINCL
- optimization. Clarify the N_BINCL value, and what it is used
- for.
- (Procedures): Document N_FUN with an empty string to mark the end
- of a function.
- (Typedefs): Mention that Sun compilers may use N_GSYM for a type.
- (Sun Differences): Remove this node, as the information is now
- elsewhere in the main document.
- (Stab Section Basics): Mention that the GNU linker may optimize
- stabs and remove the leading N_UNDF symbol.
-
-Mon Dec 9 12:23:32 1996 Roland Pesch <roland@wrs.com>
-
- * gdb.texinfo, refcard.tex: Restore author credit
-
-Wed Oct 2 22:01:36 1996 Fred Fish <fnf@fishfood.ninemoons.com>
-
- * gdbint.texinfo (SIGTRAMP_START, SIGTRAMP_END): Update
- documentation to account for START and END macros taking
- one arg.
-
-Thu Aug 22 17:59:03 1996 Fred Fish <fnf@cygnus.com>
-
- From: Eberhard Mattes <mattes@azu.informatik.uni-stuttgart.de>
- * gdb.texinfo (Frames): Fix typo.
-
-Tue Jul 23 10:06:20 1996 Fred Fish <fnf@cygnus.com>
-
- * gdbint.texinfo (NO_SINGLE_STEP): Document that single_step takes
- a target_signal as arg type, not a pid.
-
-Fri Jul 12 11:10:05 1996 Stu Grossman (grossman@critters.cygnus.com)
-
- * gdb.texinfo: Document `set assembly-language'.
-
-Thu Jul 11 13:50:28 1996 Stan Shebs <shebs@andros.cygnus.com>
-
- * remote.texi: Update list of stubs in the GDB distribution.
-
-Fri Jul 5 15:38:54 1996 Fred Fish <fnf@cygnus.com>
-
- * gdbint.texinfo (NO_MMCHECK): Renamed from NO_MMALLOC_CHECK.
- Also document that some systems can use mmalloc but must define
- this if their C runtime allocates memory that is later freed.
- (MMCHECK_FORCE): Document new macro.
-
-Fri Jun 28 22:17:10 1996 Dawn Perchik <dawn@cygnus.com>
-
- * remote.texi: Add documentation for target Sparclet.
-
-Mon Jun 24 18:12:22 1996 Jason Molenda (crash@godzilla.cygnus.co.jp)
-
- * Makefile.in (srcdir, VPATH, prefix, infodir, INSTALL,
- INSTALL_PROGRAM, INSTALL_DATA): Use autoconf set values.
- * configure.in: Rewritten for autoconf.
- * configure: New.
-
-Mon Jun 17 10:43:41 1996 Fred Fish <fnf@cygnus.com>
-
- * Makefile.in (DVIPS): New define, set to dvips.
- (dvi): Add stabs.dvi.
- (ps): New target.
- (all-doc): Depend on info, dvi, and ps targets.
- (STAGESTUFF): Add *.ps and *.dvi files.
- (clean-info, clean-dvi): Remove.
- (mostlyclean): Does not depend upon clean-info or clean-dvi,
- rules completely rewritten.
- (maintainer-clean): Remove clean-info and clean-dvi
- dependencies and put their actions in the rules.
- (gdb.ps): New target
- (gdb.dvi, gdbgui.dvi, gdbint.dvi, stabs.dvi): Remove
- intermediate TeX files, whether they have 2 or 3 character
- extensions.
- (gdbint.ps): Add target and rules.
- (gdb-internals): Delete unused target.
- (Makefile): Depends upon config.status also.
-
-Sat Mar 30 15:46:58 1996 Fred Fish <fnf@cygnus.com>
-
- * gdbint.texinfo (CC_HAS_LONG_LONG): Clarify when/how this is
- set.
-
-Sat Mar 16 15:10:20 1996 Fred Fish <fnf@cygnus.com>
-
- From Peter Schauer <Peter.Schauer@Regent.E-Technik.TU-Muenchen.DE>
- * gdb.texinfo (Expressions): Fix erroneous array constant example.
-
-Sat Mar 16 13:28:45 1996 Fred Fish <fnf@cygnus.com>
-
- * gdb.texinfo: Add missing "@bullet" to some "@itemize" commands.
-
-Sat Feb 10 03:28:36 1996 Peter Schauer (pes@regent.e-technik.tu-muenchen.de)
-
- * gdb.texinfo (Print settings): Document
- `set/show print static-members' commands.
-
-Wed Jan 10 14:16:37 1996 Fred Fish <fnf@cygnus.com>
-
- * gdbint.texinfo (Native): Document name change, coredep.c to
- core-aout.c.
-
-Wed Dec 13 12:35:28 1995 Ian Lance Taylor <ian@cygnus.com>
-
- * stabs.texinfo (Include Files): Document the values the SunOS4
- linker creates for N_BINCL/N_EINCL/N_EXCL stabs.
-
-Fri Dec 8 21:08:44 1995 Fred Fish <fnf@cygnus.com>
-
- * gdbint.texinfo (Releases): Change gdb.tar.Z to gdb.tar.gz.
- Fix typo.
-
-Fri Dec 1 11:07:50 1995 Fred Fish <fnf@cygnus.com>
-
- * gdbint.texinfo (Releases): Make "gdb.tar.gz" rather than
- "gdb.tar.Z".
-
-Wed Sep 20 13:14:10 1995 Ian Lance Taylor <ian@cygnus.com>
-
- * Makefile.in (maintainer-clean): New target, synonym for
- realclean.
-
-Thu Aug 3 10:45:37 1995 Fred Fish <fnf@cygnus.com>
-
- * Update all FSF addresses except those in COPYING* files.
-
-Wed Jul 19 18:43:03 1995 Stan Shebs <shebs@andros.cygnus.com>
-
- From Richard Earnshaw (rearnsha@armltd.co.uk):
- * gdb.texinfo (convenience variables): Document $_exitcode.
- (quit): Document optional expression to use as exit code.
-
-Thu Jun 22 21:27:33 1995 Victoria Mixon <victoria@cygnus.com>
-
- * gdb.texinfo, remote.texi: Brought up to date with various
- GDB changes.
-
-Tue Jun 20 14:35:38 1995 Stan Shebs <shebs@andros.cygnus.com>
-
- * gdb.texinfo: Update dates and versions, fix comments about
- hardware watchpoints in future releases and about the
- sharedlibrary command.
-
-Mon May 8 09:30:36 1995 Jim Kingdon (kingdon@lioth.cygnus.com)
-
- * stabs.texinfo: Remove node `XCOFF differences'. Describe value of
- C_FUN stab. Other cleanups.
-
-Wed Apr 19 07:02:19 1995 Jim Kingdon (kingdon@lioth.cygnus.com)
-
- * remote.texi (Bootstrapping): Clarify that flush_i_cache is only
- for the sparc stub.
-
-Tue Apr 11 11:41:49 1995 Jim Kingdon (kingdon@lioth.cygnus.com)
-
- * annotate.texi: Clarify which addresses have differing formats
- depending on the language and which do not.
-
-Tue Mar 28 16:56:22 1995 J.T. Conklin <jtc@rtl.cygnus.com>
-
- * remote.texi (NetWare): Changed example to use BOARD= instead of
- NODE= argument to reflect correspoding change to gdbserve.nlm.
-
-Fri Mar 17 06:47:02 1995 Jim Kingdon (kingdon@lioth.cygnus.com)
-
- * stabs.texinfo (Negative Type Numbers): Mention the fact that
- GDB, as well as AIX dbx, supports the size type attribute.
-
-Thu Mar 16 12:11:32 1995 Jim Kingdon (kingdon@lioth.cygnus.com)
-
- * stabs.texinfo (Negative Type Numbers): Document types -31 to -34.
-
-Mon Mar 13 16:49:13 1995 Per Bothner <bothner@kalessin.cygnus.com>
-
- * gdb.texinfo (Define): Document $arg0... arguments to commands,
- and new 'if' and 'while' commands.
-
-Fri Feb 17 15:24:35 1995 Per Bothner <bothner@kalessin.cygnus.com>
-
- * gdb.texinfo (Artificial arrays): Note use of coerce-to-array-type.
-
-Wed Feb 15 11:59:18 1995 J.T. Conklin <jtc@rtl.cygnus.com>
-
- * all-cfg.texi: New flag, GDBSERVE, for NetWare's gdbserve.nlm.
- * remote.texi (NetWare): New node, how to use gdbserve.nlm on
- NetWare targets. Mostly stolen from the Server node.
-
-Fri Feb 10 20:20:08 1995 Jim Kingdon (kingdon@lioth.cygnus.com)
-
- * gdb.texinfo (Setting): Talk about the language of a source file
- versus the working language. The old documentation did not match
- what GDB did.
-
-Wed Feb 1 20:26:36 1995 Jim Kingdon (kingdon@lioth.cygnus.com)
-
- * stabs.texinfo (Source Files): Document N_SO used to mark the end
- of a source file.
-
-Mon Jan 23 14:23:37 1995 Jim Kingdon (kingdon@lioth.cygnus.com)
-
- * gdb.texinfo (Processes): New node.
-
-Tue Jan 17 14:09:03 1995 Ian Lance Taylor <ian@sanguine.cygnus.com>
-
- * remote.texi: Update documentation of set/show mipsfpu.
-
-start-sanitize-gdbtk
-Fri Jan 6 17:17:28 1995 Stan Shebs <shebs@andros.cygnus.com>
-
- * gdbgui.texinfo: New file, manual for GUI (gdbtk) users.
- * Makefile.in (gdbgui.dvi, gdbgui.info): New actions.
-end-sanitize-gdbtk
-
-Sun Sep 4 16:47:21 1994 Stan Shebs (shebs@andros.cygnus.com)
-
- * gdbint.texinfo: Removed mentions of some incorrectly placed and
- obsolete conditionals, described some others.
-
-Mon Aug 1 15:42:39 1994 Jim Kingdon (kingdon@lioth.cygnus.com)
-
- * gdbint.texinfo: Remove references to BROKEN_LARGE_ALLOCA and
- SET_STACK_LIMIT_HUGE; they were removed from GDB 14 May 1994.
-
-Mon Aug 1 15:12:02 1994 Stan Shebs (shebs@andros.cygnus.com)
-
- * gdbint.texinfo: Put regex conditionals in their own table.
-
-Tue Jul 26 18:32:52 1994 Stan Shebs (shebs@andros.cygnus.com)
-
- * gdbint.texinfo: Removed mentions of many obsolete conditionals,
- described or fixed the descriptions of many others.
-
-Sun Jul 17 14:14:03 1994 Stan Shebs (shebs@andros.cygnus.com)
-
- * gdb.texinfo: Add some more credits.
- * gdbint.texinfo: Capitalize GDB consistently, describe some
- macros and remove some.
-
-Thu Jul 14 18:43:17 1994 Stan Shebs (shebs@andros.cygnus.com)
-
- * gdbint.texinfo: Removed mentions of many incorrectly placed and
- obsolete conditionals, described some others.
-
-Tue Jul 12 12:23:15 1994 Peter Schauer (pes@regent.e-technik.tu-muenchen.de)
-
- * gdb.texinfo (help targets): Changed to `help target', which
- is the correct gdb command.
-
-Wed Jun 22 18:00:51 1994 Jim Kingdon (kingdon@lioth.cygnus.com)
-
- * annotate.texi (TODO): New node, for keeping track of annotations
- suggested but not yet implemented.
-
-Wed Jun 1 16:10:45 1994 Jim Kingdon (kingdon@lioth.cygnus.com)
-
- * stabs.texinfo (Statics): Value of xcoff C_BSTAT points to
- another symbol, it is not the address itself.
-
-Thu May 5 20:23:36 1994 Stan Shebs (shebs@andros.cygnus.com)
-
- * stabs.texinfo (Stab Section Basics): Add comment about alignment
- of stabs-in-coff sections.
-
-Wed May 4 06:26:11 1994 Jim Kingdon (kingdon@lioth.cygnus.com)
-
- * annotate.texi: Change edition to 0.5 and date to May 1994.
- Add index.
- (Frames): New node, for frame annotation.
- (Displays): New node, for display annotation.
-
- * remote.texi (MIPS Remote): Say that set timeout doesn't apply
- when waiting for your program to stop.
-
-Fri Apr 29 18:24:46 1994 Jim Kingdon (kingdon@lioth.cygnus.com)
-
- * annotate.texi (Breakpoint Info): Document annotation of header
- fields and record annotation.
-
-Thu Apr 28 07:44:28 1994 Jim Kingdon (kingdon@lioth.cygnus.com)
-
- * annotate.texi: New file, to document annotations.
-
-Thu Apr 21 14:20:51 1994 Jim Kingdon (kingdon@lioth.cygnus.com)
-
- * Makefile.in (clean): Don't remove GDBvn.texi (apparently on Jan
- 16 I meant to make this change but did not). Do remove gdb-cfg.texi.
-
-Wed Apr 20 11:22:48 1994 Jim Kingdon (kingdon@lioth.cygnus.com)
-
- * stabs.texinfo (Stab Section Basics): Say what is in .stab
- section, and say n_strx field is compilation unit relative.
- * stabs.texinfo: Don't use @code for a.out when it is the name of
- an object file format.
-
-Wed Apr 13 20:29:54 1994 Jim Kingdon (kingdon@deneb.cygnus.com)
-
- * gdb.texinfo: Refer to file names, not path names, per rms
- convention.
- (Arguments): Fix typo.
-
-Thu Mar 24 08:09:12 1994 Jim Kingdon (kingdon@lioth.cygnus.com)
-
- * stabs.texinfo (Global Variables): Talk about stabs in files
- where variables are referenced, but not defined.
-
-Wed Mar 23 07:16:36 1994 Jim Kingdon (kingdon@lioth.cygnus.com)
-
- * stabs.texinfo: Move stuff on @ and # type descriptors from node
- Cplusplus to new nodes Member Type Descriptor and Method Type
- Descriptor. Re-write stuff for #.
-
-Wed Mar 16 08:20:19 1994 Jim Kingdon (kingdon@lioth.cygnus.com)
-
- * gdb.texinfo (Print Settings): Don't document "set print
- fast-symbolic-addr off". The bug which it worked around was fixed
- on 25 Feb 94 in coffread.c, so I'm nuking the command.
-
- * stabs.texinfo (Alternate Entry Points): New node, rewritten from
- N_ENTRY node.
-
- * stabs.texinfo (Type Descriptors): Add 'Y' type descriptor.
-
-Tue Mar 15 08:43:02 1994 Jim Kingdon (kingdon@lioth.cygnus.com)
-
- * gdbint.texinfo (Host Conditionals, Target Conditionals): Remove
- references to ieee-float.c.
-
-Fri Mar 11 08:09:40 1994 Jim Kingdon (kingdon@lioth.cygnus.com)
-
- * gdb.texinfo (Set Breaks): Update documentation for tbreak to
- match what the code actually does.
-
-Wed Mar 9 19:43:05 1994 Jim Kingdon (kingdon@lioth.cygnus.com)
-
- * stabs.texinfo (Symbol Descriptors): Add OS9000 symbol descriptor s.
-
-Tue Mar 1 17:04:43 1994 Jim Kingdon (kingdon@deneb.cygnus.com)
-
- * stabs.texinfo (Type Descriptors): Add OS9000 type descriptors c,
- i, and b.
-
-Wed Feb 23 10:44:18 1994 Jim Kingdon (kingdon@rtl.cygnus.com)
-
- * stabs.texinfo: Document N_RBRAC as function relative for COFF as
- well as for ELF and SOM. Unify the descriptions of ELF and SOM
- as "stabs in sections" rather than just saying "ELF and SOM".
- Also make that stuff apply to COFF.
-
-Fri Feb 18 08:25:58 1994 Jim Kingdon (kingdon@lioth.cygnus.com)
-
- * gdb.texinfo (Formatting Documentation): Change GhostScript to
- Ghostscript.
-
-Fri Feb 4 06:31:31 1994 Jim Kingdon (kingdon@lioth.cygnus.com)
-
- * gdb.texinfo (Continuing and Stepping): When talking about "step"
- versus functions without line numbers, also mention stepping into
- them as well as "step" when you are in them. Tell the user how to
- deal with the situation. Add comment about "debugging information".
-
-Thu Feb 3 11:39:59 1994 Jim Kingdon (kingdon@lioth.cygnus.com)
-
- * stabs.texinfo (Enumerations): Document restriction on where
- enumeration types can appear and still win with GDB.
-
-Wed Feb 2 11:29:17 1994 Jim Kingdon (kingdon@lioth.cygnus.com)
-
- * stabs.texinfo (Negative Type Numbers): Document format for type
- -16.
-
-Thu Jan 27 16:53:56 1994 Jim Kingdon (kingdon@lioth.cygnus.com)
-
- * gdb.texinfo (Selection, Frame Info): Update information about
- arbitrary frame specficiations.
-
-Wed Jan 26 15:31:57 1994 Roland H. Pesch (pesch@fowanton.cygnus.com)
-
- * gdb.texinfo, remote.texi: general editing pass prior to Net release
-
-Tue Jan 25 12:12:04 1994 Jim Kingdon (kingdon@lioth.cygnus.com)
-
- * stabs.texinfo (String Field): Discuss continuing stabs with ?.
-
-Wed Jan 19 06:39:24 1994 David J. Mackenzie (djm@thepub.cygnus.com)
-
- * stabs.texinfo (Non-Stab Symbol Types): Mention N_SET* | N_EXT.
-
-Sun Jan 16 12:43:32 1994 Jim Kingdon (kingdon@lioth.cygnus.com)
-
- * stabs.texinfo: Re-do stuff about C_BSTAT and move from XCOFF
- Differences node to Statics node.
- (Statics): Discuss XCOFF use of V symbol descriptor.
-
- * Makefile.in: Remove refcard.dvi and GDBvn.texi in realclean,
- not clean.
-
-Wed Jan 12 21:29:54 1994 John Gilmore (gnu@cygnus.com)
-
- * gdb.texinfo (Print Settings): Document `set print
- fast-symbolic-addr' and improve the doc for some other
- `set print's.
-
-Mon Jan 3 17:23:07 1994 Jim Kingdon (kingdon@lioth.cygnus.com)
-
- * stabs.texinfo (String Field): Talk about defining several type
- numbers at once.
- Fix lint regarding changing node ELF Transformations to
- ELF and SOM Transformations.
-
-Fri Dec 31 00:42:43 1993 John Gilmore (gnu@cygnus.com)
-
- * stabs.texinfo: Insert Peter Kessler's name as inventor (I think).
-
-Tue Dec 28 09:30:40 1993 Jim Kingdon (kingdon@lioth.cygnus.com)
-
- * stabs.texinfo (Cross-References): `::' is for nested types only
- within <>.
- (Structures): Document static members.
-
-Mon Dec 27 13:55:04 1993 Jim Kingdon (kingdon@lioth.cygnus.com)
-
- * stabs.texinfo: Document S type attribute.
-
-Sun Dec 26 20:46:36 1993 Jeffrey A. Law (law@snake.cs.utah.edu)
-
- * stabs.texinfo: Add notes about stabs-in-som where appropriate.
-
-Fri Dec 3 19:13:19 1993 John Gilmore (gnu@cygnus.com)
-
- * gdbint.texinfo: Fix a few typos.
-
-Sun Nov 28 18:06:25 1993 Roland H. Pesch (pesch@fowanton.cygnus.com)
-
- * gdb.texinfo, remote.texi: formatting improvements
-
- * gdb.texinfo (New Features): mention threads.
- (Summary, C): fix xrefs in newly contributed text.
- (Threads): index entries, clarifications, example
- (passim): minor typos fixed, phrasing improvements
-
- * remote.texi (Bootstrapping): rephrase text on ^C and add index
- entries; (Server): explain use of gdbserver w/real-time systems,
- add example of conflicting TCP port; (MIPS Remote) break up
- running text into table, highlighting commands, and add example.
-
-Wed Nov 24 14:15:56 1993 Roland H. Pesch (pesch@fowanton.cygnus.com)
-
- * refcard.tex: avoid bad linebreaks even when REFEDITS=psrc.sed
-
-Fri Nov 12 16:10:58 1993 Jim Kingdon (kingdon@lioth.cygnus.com)
-
- * stabs.texinfo (Nested Symbols): New node.
- (String Field, Symbol Descriptors, Cross-References): Refer to it.
-
-Thu Nov 11 13:26:45 1993 Jim Kingdon (kingdon@lioth.cygnus.com)
-
- * stabs.texinfo (Stabs in ELF): Clarify how Bbss.bss work with respect
- to picking which Bbss.bss symbol to use, and (because there seems to
- be no good way of doing it) re-write some of the text to make it
- sound like Bbss.bss isn't such a great idea after all (as currently
- designed).
-
- * gdb.texinfo (C): In addition to saying people have to use g++ for
- good results, say they have to use stabs. Specifically say cfront
- doesn't work well.
- (Summary): Merge in information on Modula-2, Pascal, and Chill from
- the gdb README. Add xrefs to places where the support for the various
- languages is described in detail.
-
-Mon Nov 8 11:47:34 1993 Jim Kingdon (kingdon@lioth.cygnus.com)
-
- * stabs.texinfo: Clean up stuff about visibility and virtual
- characters.
-
- * stabs.texinfo (N_M2C): Cite Sun doc.
-
-Fri Nov 5 16:27:27 1993 Roland H. Pesch (pesch@fowanton.cygnus.com)
-
- * gdb.texinfo: updates re threads.
- * remote.texinfo: avoid index entries starting with digits.
-
-Tue Nov 2 09:08:37 1993 Jim Kingdon (kingdon@lioth.cygnus.com)
-
- * stabs.texinfo (Enumerations): Talk about large, negative and
- octal values. Clean up cross reference to type attributes.
- (String Field): Say that GDB 4.11 supports size attribute.
-
-Sun Oct 31 13:31:10 1993 Jim Kingdon (kingdon@lioth.cygnus.com)
-
- * remote.texi (VxWorks Remote): Clarify that rebuilding VxWorks kernel
- is a mandatory step. Make the stuff about that more concise.
-
-Wed Oct 27 00:25:46 1993 Jim Kingdon (kingdon@lioth.cygnus.com)
-
- * stabs.texinfo (Class Names): New node.
-
- * gdb.texinfo (Command Files): Explain order of init file reading.
-
- * remote.texi (Bootstrapping): Talk about getting the serial driver
- to deal with ^C sent by gdb to stop the remote system.
-
-Mon Oct 25 03:25:41 1993 Tom Lord (lord@cygnus.com)
-
- * libgdb.texinfo (I/O): incorporated better phrasing from rich.
-
- * libgdb.texinfo (Defining Commands): made the DOC arg
- to gdb_define_app_command a char * instead of char **
- per a suggestion from kingdon.
-
- * libgdb.texinfo: total rewrite from a different starting
- premise.
-
-Wed Oct 20 18:07:44 1993 Jim Kingdon (kingdon@lioth.cygnus.com)
-
- * stabs.texinfo (Local Variable Parameters): Re-write paragraph on
- floats passed as doubles (to improve clarity).
-
-Tue Oct 19 14:21:18 1993 Roland H. Pesch (pesch@fowanton.cygnus.com)
-
- * gdb.texinfo (Source Path): index entries for $cwd, $pdir
-
- * a4rc.sed: update to work with Andreas Vogel papersize params
-
- * refcard.tex: use Andreas Vogel simplifications of papersize
- params; remove useless version info; update copyright date.
-
-Tue Oct 19 10:46:22 1993 Jim Kingdon (kingdon@lioth.cygnus.com)
-
- * gdb.texinfo (Symbols): Add class NAME to doc for ptype.
-
-Tue Oct 12 09:11:45 1993 Jim Kingdon (kingdon@lioth.cygnus.com)
-
- * gdb.texinfo (Files): Say what address the load command loads it at.
-
- * stabs.texinfo (Common Blocks): Minor cleanups.
-
- * stabs.texinfo: Update ld stabs in elf relocation to reflect the fact
- that Sun has backed away from the linker kludge and thus the relevant
- issue is changes to the SunPRO tools, not the Solaris linker.
-
- * stabs.texinfo (Traditional Integer Types): Clean up description
- of octal bounds a little bit. Document extra leading zeroes.
-
-Thu Oct 7 16:15:37 1993 Jim Kingdon (kingdon@lioth.cygnus.com)
-
- * gdb.texinfo (Signaling): Update for symbolic symbol names
- and add a section explaining the difference between the GDB
- signal command and the shell kill utility.
-
-Wed Oct 6 13:23:01 1993 Tom Lord (lord@rtl.cygnus.com)
-
- * libgdb.texinfo: added `@' to braces that were unescaped.
-
-Mon Oct 4 10:42:18 1993 Tom Lord (lord@rtl.cygnus.com)
-
- * libgdb.texinfo: new file. Spec for the gdb library.
-
-Sun Oct 3 15:26:56 1993 Jim Kingdon (kingdon@lioth.cygnus.com)
-
- * stabs.texinfo (Include Files): Fix typo (start -> end).
-
-Thu Sep 30 18:24:56 1993 Roland H. Pesch (pesch@fowanton.cygnus.com)
-
- * gdb.texinfo, remote.texi: assorted small improvements, mostly
- from Melissa at FSF's editing pass.
-
-Thu Sep 30 11:54:38 1993 Jim Kingdon (kingdon@lioth.cygnus.com)
-
- * gdb.texinfo: Remove stuff about ar and 14 character filenames.
- I believe this was fixed by the 13 Sep 89 change to print_frame_info.
- Also, modern versions of ar like BSD 4.4 or SVR4 don't have this bug.
-
-Wed Sep 22 21:22:11 1993 Jim Kingdon (kingdon@lioth.cygnus.com)
-
- * remote.texi (Bootstrapping): Discuss 386 call gates.
-
-Sat Sep 18 17:10:44 1993 Jim Kingdon (kingdon@poseidon.cygnus.com)
-
- * stabs.texinfo (Based Variables): New node.
-
-Thu Sep 16 17:48:55 1993 Jim Kingdon (kingdon@cirdan.cygnus.com)
-
- * stabs.texinfo (Negative Type Numbers): Re-write discussions of
- names, sizes, and formats to suggest how not to lose.
-
-Sat Sep 11 09:35:11 1993 Jim Kingdon (kingdon@poseidon.cygnus.com)
-
- * stabs.texinfo (Methods): Fix typo.
-
-Fri Sep 10 06:34:20 1993 David J. Mackenzie (djm@thepub.cygnus.com)
-
- * gdb.texinfo: Fix a few typos.
-
-Wed Sep 8 09:11:52 1993 Jim Kingdon (kingdon@lioth.cygnus.com)
-
- * gdb.texinfo: Clarify how well it works with Fortran.
-
- * stabs.texinfo (Stabs In ELF, Statics, ELF Transformations):
- More on relocating stabs in ELF files.
-
-Tue Sep 7 13:45:02 1993 Jim Kingdon (kingdon@lioth.cygnus.com)
-
- * stabs.texinfo (Stabs In ELF): Talk about N_FUN value.
-
-Mon Sep 6 19:23:18 1993 Jim Kingdon (kingdon@lioth.cygnus.com)
-
- * stabs.texinfo (Local Variable Parameters): Talk about nameless
- parameters on VAX.
-
-Fri Sep 3 17:06:08 1993 Roland H. Pesch (pesch@fowanton.cygnus.com)
-
- * gdb.texinfo: @up/@down -> @raisesections/@lowersections
-
-Fri Sep 3 12:04:15 1993 Jim Kingdon (kingdon@lioth.cygnus.com)
-
- * stabs.texinfo: Make info author notice match the TeX author notice.
-
-Tue Aug 31 13:21:06 1993 David J. Mackenzie (djm@thepub.cygnus.com)
-
- * stabs.texinfo: Initial-caps all words in node names and
- non-trivial words in section names.
-
-Mon Aug 30 11:13:16 1993 Jim Kingdon (kingdon@lioth.cygnus.com)
-
- * stabs.texinfo: Many minor cleanups.
-
- * stabs.texinfo: Remove @deffn except from Expanded Reference node.
-
-Sat Aug 28 12:08:09 1993 David J. MacKenzie (djm@edison.eng.umd.edu)
-
- * stabs.texinfo: Remove full description of big example.
- It's not really helpful; just use pieces of it where appropriate.
- Add more Texinfo formatting directives (@samp, etc.).
- Use @deffn to define stab types.
- Eliminate some wordiness. Break up some nodes.
- Add an (alphabetized) index of symbol types.
- Use consistent capitalization style in node and section names.
-
-Thu Aug 26 06:36:31 1993 Fred Fish (fnf@deneb.cygnus.com)
-
- * gdb.texinfo: Change typo "Two two" to "The two".
-
-Sun Aug 22 12:15:18 1993 Jim Kingdon (kingdon@lioth.cygnus.com)
-
- * stabs.texinfo (XCOFF-differences): Remove references to
- non-existent types N_DECL and N_RPSYM.
-
- * stabs.texinfo (String Field): Say that type attributes bug is
- fixed in GDB 4.10, since it is.
-
- * stabs.texinfo: Clean up djm cleanups, and more cleanups of my own.
-
-Sat Aug 21 04:32:28 1993 David MacKenzie (djm@cygnus.com)
-
- * stabs.texinfo: Formatting cleanups.
-
-Fri Aug 20 20:49:53 1993 Jim Kingdon (kingdon@lioth.cygnus.com)
-
- * stabs.texinfo: When explaining the n_type of a stab, standardize
- how we do it ('#' as a comment indicator, "36 is N_FUN" as text,
- no tabs, use @r).
- (Global Variables): Clean up.
-
-Tue Aug 17 15:57:27 1993 Jim Kingdon (kingdon@lioth.cygnus.com)
-
- * stabs.texinfo (Stack Variables): Re-write.
-
-Mon Aug 16 21:20:08 1993 Jim Kingdon (kingdon@lioth.cygnus.com)
-
- * stabs.texinfo (Stabs-in-elf): Talk about getting the start
- addresses of a source file. Also revise formatting.
- Change "object module" or "object file" to "source file".
- Various: Miscellaneous cleanups.
-
-Thu Aug 12 15:11:51 1993 Jim Kingdon (kingdon@lioth.cygnus.com)
-
- * stabs.texinfo: Point to mangling info in gcc's gpcompare.texi.
-
-Tue Aug 10 16:57:49 1993 Stan Shebs (shebs@rtl.cygnus.com)
-
- * gdbint.texinfo: Removed many nonsensical machine-collected
- host and target conditionals, described some of the remainder.
-
-Tue Aug 10 13:28:30 1993 Jim Kingdon (kingdon@lioth.cygnus.com)
-
- * gdbint.texinfo (Getting Started): Use @itemize, not @table.
-
- * gdbint.texinfo (Top): Add name to @top line, and re-write the
- paragraph which follows.
-
- * gdbint.texinfo (Host): Use @code not @samp for Makefile
- variables. Looks better and avoids overful hbox.
-
-Fri Jul 30 18:26:21 1993 Jim Kingdon (kingdon@lioth.cygnus.com)
-
- * stabs.texinfo (Procedures): Improve stuff on nested functions.
-
-Thu Jul 29 15:10:58 1993 Roland H. Pesch (pesch@fowanton.cygnus.com)
-
- * remote.texi: (MIPS Remote) clearer doc for set/show timeout,
- retransmit-timeout
-
-Thu Jul 29 13:16:09 1993 Jim Kingdon (kingdon@lioth.cygnus.com)
-
- * gdbint.texinfo: Update statement about `some ancient Unix
- systems, like Ultrix 4.0' to Ultrix 4.2.
-
-Wed Jul 28 15:26:53 1993 Roland H. Pesch (pesch@el_bosque.cygnus.com)
-
- * h8-cfg.texi, all-cfg.texi: new flag GDBSERVER
-
- * Makefile.in: depend on remote.texi rather than gdbinv-s.texi
-
- * remote.texi: (Server) New node on gdbserver. (Remote Serial,
- ST2000 Remote, MIPS Remote): mention `host:port' syntax for TCP.
-
- * remote.texi: new name for former gdbinv-s.texi
-
- * gdb.texinfo: use remote.texi rather than gdbinv-s.texi
-
-Wed Jul 28 08:26:24 1993 Ian Lance Taylor (ian@cygnus.com)
-
- * gdbinv-s.texi: Documented timeout and retransmit-timeout
- variables for MIPS remote debugging protocol.
-
-Mon Jul 26 13:00:09 1993 Jim Kingdon (kingdon@lioth.cygnus.com)
-
- * stabs.texinfo (Negative Type Numbers): FORTRAN LOGICAL fix.
-
-Tue Jul 20 16:30:41 1993 Jim Kingdon (kingdon@deneb.cygnus.com)
-
- * Makefile.in (refcard.dvi): Use srcdir where necessary.
-
-Mon Jul 19 12:02:50 1993 Roland H. Pesch (pesch@cygnus.com)
-
- * gdb.texinfo: repair conditional bugs in text markup
-
-Fri Jul 16 18:57:50 1993 Roland H. Pesch (pesch@fowanton.cygnus.com)
-
- * gdb.texinfo, all-cfg.texi, h8-cfg.texi: introduce MOD2 switch
- to select Modula-2 material.
-
-Thu Jul 15 13:15:01 1993 Jim Kingdon (kingdon@lioth.cygnus.com)
-
- * stabs.texinfo: Cleanups regarding statics.
-
- * gdbinv-s.texi (Bootstrapping): Document exceptionHandler.
- (Debug Session): Mention exceptionHandler. Add xref to Bootstrapping.
-
-Mon Jul 12 13:37:02 1993 Jim Kingdon (kingdon@lioth.cygnus.com)
-
- * stabs.texinfo: N_MAIN is sometimes used for C.
-
-Fri Jul 9 09:47:02 1993 Peter Schauer (pes@regent.e-technik.tu-muenchen.de)
-
- * gdbint.texinfo (Host, Target Conditionals): Remove TM_FILE_OVERRIDE.
-
-Tue Jul 6 12:41:28 1993 John Gilmore (gnu@cygnus.com)
-
- * gdbint.texinfo (Target Conditionals): Remove NO_TYPEDEFS,
- removed from the code by Kingdon.
-
-Tue Jul 6 12:24:34 1993 Jim Kingdon (kingdon@lioth.cygnus.com)
-
- * gdb.texinfo (Break Commands): Remove stuff about flushing terminal
- input when evaluating breakpoint conditions; the bug has been fixed.
-
- * gdb.texinfo (Continuing and Stepping): Argument to "continue"
- sets the ignore count to N-1, not to N.
-
-Thu Jul 1 14:57:42 1993 Roland H. Pesch (pesch@fowanton.cygnus.com)
-
- * refcard.tex (\hoffset): correct longstanding error to match
- intended offset; avoids cutting off edge on some printers
-
-Wed Jun 30 18:23:06 1993 Jim Kingdon (kingdon@lioth.cygnus.com)
-
- * stabs.texinfo (Parameters): Say that order of stabs is significant.
-
-Fri Jun 25 21:34:52 1993 Jim Kingdon (kingdon@lioth.cygnus.com)
-
- * stabs.texinfo (Common Blocks): Say what Sun FORTRAN does.
-
-Fri Jun 25 16:15:10 1993 Roland H. Pesch (pesch@fowanton.cygnus.com)
-
- * Makefile.in: (REFEDITS) new var to control whether PS or CM
- fonts and whether US or A4 paper for GDB refcard; (refcard.dvi)
- collect sed edits if any, apply to refcard before formatting;
- (refcard.ps) stop implying PS fonts if PS output requested;
- (lrefcard.ps) delete extra target for variant PS fonts
-
- * refcard.tex: parametrize papersize dependent info, collect
- in easily replaced spot
-
- * a4rc.sed: new file, edits to refcard for A4 paper
-
-Fri Jun 25 14:21:46 1993 Jim Kingdon (kingdon@lioth.cygnus.com)
-
- * stabs.texinfo (Negative Type Numbers): Type -16 is 4 bytes.
-
-Wed Jun 23 15:02:50 1993 Jim Kingdon (kingdon@lioth.cygnus.com)
-
- * stabs.texinfo (Negative Type Numbers): Minor character cleanups.
-
-Tue Jun 22 16:31:52 1993 Jim Kingdon (kingdon@lioth.cygnus.com)
-
- * stabs.texinfo: Express disapproval of 'D' symbol descriptor
- politely rather than rudely.
-
-Fri Jun 18 19:42:09 1993 Jim Kingdon (kingdon@lioth.cygnus.com)
-
- * stabs.texinfo: Document common blocks.
-
-Fri Jun 18 12:12:57 1993 Fred Fish (fnf@cygnus.com)
-
- * stabs.texinfo: Add some basic info about stabs-in-elf.
-
-Fri Jun 18 13:57:09 1993 Jim Kingdon (kingdon@lioth.cygnus.com)
-
- * stabs.texinfo (Top): Minor cleanup.
-
-Mon Jun 14 16:16:51 1993 david d `zoo' zuhn (zoo at rtl.cygnus.com)
-
- * Makefile.in (install-info): remove parentdir support
-
-Tue Jun 15 18:11:39 1993 Roland H. Pesch (pesch@fowanton.cygnus.com)
-
- * gdb.texinfo (Copying): delete this node and references to it;
- RMS says this manual need not carry GPL. (passim): Improvements
- from last round at FSF, largely due to Ian Taylor review, and
- minor formatting improvements.
-
- * gdbinv-s.texi (passim): Improvements from last round at FSF,
- largely due to Ian Taylor review. (Debug Session): minor edits to
- new text.
-
-Sun Jun 13 12:52:39 1993 Jim Kingdon (kingdon@cygnus.com)
-
- * Makefile.in (realclean): Remove info and dvi files too.
-
-Sat Jun 12 16:09:22 1993 Jim Kingdon (kingdon@cygnus.com)
-
- * {all,h8}-config.texi: Rename to *-cfg.texi for 14 char filenames.
- * Makefile.in: Change accordingly. gdb-config.texi -> gdb-cfg.texi.
- * gdb.texinfo: Change accordingly.
-
- * stabs.texinfo: Clean up N_{L,R}BRAC. Discuss what addresses of
- N_{L,R}BRAC,N_SLINE are relative to.
-
-Fri Jun 11 15:15:55 1993 Jim Kingdon (kingdon@cygnus.com)
-
- * Makefile.in (GDBvn.texi): Update atomically.
-
-Wed Jun 9 10:58:16 1993 Jim Kingdon (kingdon@cygnus.com)
-
- * gdbinv-s.texi (Debug Session): Document exceptionHook.
-
-Tue Jun 8 13:42:04 1993 Jim Kingdon (kingdon@cygnus.com)
-
- * gdb.texinfo (Print Settings): Move all stuff relating to symbolic
- addresses together. Also motivate the set print symbol-filename
- command and suggest other solutions.
-
-Tue Jun 1 22:46:43 1993 Fred Fish (fnf@cygnus.com)
-
- * gdb.texinfo (set print elements): Note that the number of
- elements is set to unlimited by "set print elements 0".
-
-Mon May 31 08:06:55 1993 Jim Kingdon (kingdon@cygnus.com)
-
- * stabs.texinfo (Builtin Type Descriptors): Try to clarify what
- NF_LDOUBLE means.
- (Stab Types): Include Solaris stab types.
- (Procedures): Document Solaris extensions.
-
-Thu May 27 06:20:42 1993 Peter Schauer (pes@regent.e-technik.tu-muenchen.de)
-
- * gdb.texinfo: Add `set print symbol-filename' doc.
-
-Wed May 26 00:26:42 1993 Jim Kingdon (kingdon@lioth.cygnus.com)
-
- * stabs.texinfo (Arrays): Talk about type definition vs. type
- information.
-
- * stabs.texinfo (Builtin Type Descriptors): Talk about omitting
- the trailing semicolon.
-
-Tue May 25 14:49:42 1993 Jim Kingdon (kingdon@lioth.cygnus.com)
-
- * stabs.texinfo (Line Numbers, Source Files): Re-write these two nodes
- and merge in other parts of the document addressing these subjects.
- gdbint.texinfo (XCOFF): Remove info which is now in stabs.texinfo.
-
- * stabs.texinfo (Subranges, Arrays): Try to explain about the semicolon
- at the end of a range type.
-
- * stabs.texinfo (Subranges): "A offset" and "T offset" are not
- AIX extensions.
-
-Mon May 24 09:00:33 1993 Jim Kingdon (kingdon@lioth.cygnus.com)
-
- * stabs.texinfo (Stabs Format): Misc fixes.
-
-Sat May 22 10:40:56 1993 Jim Kingdon (kingdon@lioth.cygnus.com)
-
- * stabs.texinfo (Constants): Allow an `e' constant to be non-enum.
- (Traditional builtin types): Document convex convention for long long.
- (Negative builtin types): Discuss type names, and misc fixes.
-
-Fri May 21 11:20:31 1993 Jim Kingdon (kingdon@lioth.cygnus.com)
-
- * stabs.texinfo (Builtin Type Descriptors): Document the floating
- point types used with @samp{R} type descriptor.
- (Symbol Descriptors): Describe how to handle conflict between
- different meanings of @samp{P} symbol descriptor.
-
-Thu May 20 13:35:10 1993 Jim Kingdon (kingdon@lioth.cygnus.com)
-
- * stabs.texinfo: Remove node Quick Reference and put its children
- directly under the main menu.
-
- * stabs.texinfo: Many more changes to bring it into line with
- AIX documentation and reality. I think it now has all the
- information from the AIX documentation, except that I burned
- out when I got to variant records (Pascal and Modula-2) and
- all the COBOL types. Oh well, we can add them later when we're
- worrying more about those languages.
-
- * stabs.texinfo (Automatic variables): Talk about what it means
- to omit the symbol descriptor.
-
-Tue May 18 17:59:18 1993 Jim Kingdon (kingdon@lioth.cygnus.com)
-
- * stabs.texinfo (Parameters): Add "(sometimes)" when describing
- gcc2 behavior with promoted args.
-
-Fri May 14 21:35:29 1993 Roland H. Pesch (pesch@fowanton.cygnus.com)
-
- * gdb.texinfo: include readline appendices in info version of manual
-
-Fri May 7 11:56:18 1993 Roland H. Pesch (pesch@fowanton.cygnus.com)
-
- * gdbinv-s.texi (Remote Serial): describe new ^C behavior in
- target remote.
-
- * gdb.texinfo (Machine Code): more index entries for disassemble
-
-Fri May 7 10:12:30 1993 Fred Fish (fnf@cygnus.com)
-
- * Clarify the intended use of the gdb-testers and gdb-patches
- mailing lists, and shrink gzip comment.
-
-Thu May 6 16:39:50 1993 Roland H. Pesch (pesch@fowanton.cygnus.com)
-
- * gdb.texinfo (Shell Commands): do not mention SHELL env var in
- DOSHOST configuration of manual.
-
- * gdb.texinfo (MIPS Stack): new node.
-
- * all-config.texi (MIPS) new switch.
-
- * gdbinv-s.texi (Nindy Options) Remove two instances of future
- tense; (MIPS Remote) new node.
-
- * gdb.texinfo (passim) rephrases to work around makeinfo @value
- bug; (Environment) less passive, other small cleanups in text about
- .cshrc/.bashrc; (Invoking GDB) new MIPS Remote menu entry;
- (Remote) new MIPS Remote menu entry.
-
-Thu Apr 29 09:36:25 1993 Jim Kingdon (kingdon@cygnus.com)
-
- * stabs.texinfo: Many changes to include information from the
- AIX documentation.
-
- * gdb.texinfo (Environment): Mention pitfall with .cshrc.
-
-Tue Apr 27 14:02:57 1993 Jim Kingdon (kingdon@cygnus.com)
-
- * gdbint.texinfo (new node Debugging GDB, elsewhere):
- Move a bunch of information from ../README.
- (Getting Started): New node.
-
-Fri Apr 23 17:21:13 1993 Roland H. Pesch (pesch@fowanton.cygnus.com)
-
- * gdbinv-s.texi, gdb.texinfo: include Hitachi SH target
-
- * gdb.texinfo: advance manual revision dates to present
-
- * gdbinv-s.texi, gdb.texinfo, all-config.texi, h8-config.texi:
- stop using silly Roman numerals in @set variable names
-
-Fri Apr 23 07:30:01 1993 Jim Kingdon (kingdon@cygnus.com)
-
- * stabs.texinfo (Parameters): Keep trying to get this right.
-
-Wed Apr 21 15:18:47 1993 Jim Kingdon (kingdon@cygnus.com)
-
- * stabs.texinfo (Parameters): More on "local parameters".
-
-Mon Apr 19 08:00:51 1993 Jim Kingdon (kingdon@cygnus.com)
-
- * stabs.texinfo (Parameters): Re-do "local parameters" section.
-
-Sun Apr 18 09:47:45 1993 Jim Kingdon (kingdon@cygnus.com)
-
- * stabs.texinfo (Symbol descriptors): Re-do using @table and @xref.
- (Parameters): Rewrite.
- (xcoff-differences, Sun-differences): Minor changes.
-
-Thu Apr 15 02:35:24 1993 John Gilmore (gnu@cacophony.cygnus.com)
-
- * stabs.texinfo: Minor cleanup.
-
-Wed Apr 14 17:31:00 1993 Jim Kingdon (kingdon@cygnus.com)
-
- * gdbint.texinfo: Minor xcoff stuff.
-
-Wed Apr 7 14:11:07 1993 Fred Fish (fnf@cygnus.com)
-
- * gdbint.texinfo: Update for new config directory structure.
- Add info about internal type data structures.
-
-Mon Apr 5 09:06:30 1993 Ian Lance Taylor (ian@cygnus.com)
-
- * Makefile.in (SFILES_INCLUDED): gdb-config.texi is no longer in
- $(srcdir).
- (gdb-config.texi): Depend on file in $(srcdir).
-
-Fri Apr 2 16:55:13 1993 Jim Kingdon (kingdon@cygnus.com)
-
- * stabs.texinfo: Fixes about N_SO.
-
-Fri Mar 26 18:00:35 1993 Roland H. Pesch (pesch@fowanton.cygnus.com)
-
- * gdb.texinfo: include list of nonstandard init file names
-
- * *-config.texi: new switch GENERIC for text that applies *only*
- to (usual) multiple-target version of manual
-
- * gdb.texinfo, gdbinv-s.texi: Update conditional markup to correct
- h8 config
-
- * gdb.texinfo: depend on latest fixed makeinfo, use conditionals
- in menus (rather than conditionally selected multiple alternative
- menus).
-
- * Makefile.in: define and use DOC_CONFIG var to select
- configuration for GDB user manual.
-
- * gdb-config.texi: delete from repository, generate from Makefile.
-
- * all-config.texi: normal `generic' configuration file, formerly
- stored as gdb-config.texi
-
-Wed Mar 24 14:03:19 1993 david d `zoo' zuhn (zoo at poseidon.cygnus.com)
-
- * Makefile.in: add dvi target to build all .dvi files
-
-Tue Mar 23 16:03:24 1993 Roland H. Pesch (pesch@fowanton.cygnus.com)
-
- * gdb.texinfo, gdvinv-s.texinfo: formatting improvements.
-
-Fri Mar 19 21:46:50 1993 John Gilmore (gnu@cygnus.com)
-
- * gdbint.texinfo: Doc NO_MMALLOC and NO_MMALLOC_CHECK as
- host conditionals.
- * stabs.texinfo: More array fixes inspired by Jim's.
-
-Fri Mar 19 10:23:34 1993 Jim Kingdon (kingdon@cygnus.com)
-
- * stabs.texinfo: Fixes re arrays and continuations.
-
- * gdbint.texinfo: Add XCOFF node.
-
-Mon Mar 8 15:52:18 1993 John Gilmore (gnu@cygnus.com)
-
- * gdb.texinfo: Add `set print max-symbolic-offset' doc.
-
-Sun Feb 21 17:09:38 1993 Per Bothner (bothner@rtl.cygnus.com)
-
- * stabs.texinfo: Fix for array types to mention lower bounds.
-
-Thu Feb 18 01:19:49 1993 John Gilmore (gnu@cygnus.com)
-
- * gdbint.texinfo: Update PTRACE_ARG3_TYPE doc, pull PT_*.
-
-Wed Feb 17 08:15:24 1993 John Gilmore (gnu@cygnus.com)
-
- * gdbint.texinfo: Remove SET_STACK_LIMIT_HUGE from target defines.
-
-Thu Feb 11 10:38:40 1993 John Gilmore (gnu@cygnus.com)
-
- * gdbint.texinfo: Fix thinko (NM_FILE => NAT_FILE). Found
- by Michael Ben-Gershon <mybg@CS.HUJI.AC.IL>.
-
-Wed Feb 10 23:59:19 1993 John Gilmore (gnu@cygnus.com)
-
- * gdbint.texinfo: Eliminate IBM6000_HOST, document IBM6000_TARGET.
-
-Tue Feb 9 18:26:21 1993 Roland H. Pesch (pesch@fowanton.cygnus.com)
-
- * gdb.texinfo, gdbinv-s.texi: misc updates
-
-Sat Feb 6 10:25:47 1993 John Gilmore (gnu@cygnus.com)
-
- * gdbint.texinfo: Brief documentation for longjmp support,
- from an email msg by Stu.
-
-Fri Feb 5 14:10:15 1993 John Gilmore (gnu@cygnus.com)
-
- * stabs.texinfo: Fix description of floating point "range"
- types (which really define basic types). Reported by Jim Meehan,
- <meehan@src.dec.com>.
-
- * gdbint.texinfo: Remove COFF_NO_LONG_FILE_NAMES define, now gone.
-
-Thu Feb 4 13:56:46 1993 Ian Lance Taylor (ian@cygnus.com)
-
- * gdbint.texinfo: Slightly expand section on supporting a new
- object file format.
-
-Thu Feb 4 01:49:04 1993 John Gilmore (gnu@cygnus.com)
-
- * Makefile.in (refcard.ps, lrefcard.ps): Remove psref.tex
- intermediate file.
-
-Tue Feb 2 12:18:06 1993 Roland H. Pesch (pesch@fowanton.cygnus.com)
-
- * gdb.texinfo, gdbinv-s.texi: miscellaneous stylistic cleanups
-
-Mon Feb 1 15:35:47 1993 Roland H. Pesch (pesch@fowanton.cygnus.com)
-
- * gdbinv-s.texi: z8000 simulator target name is just "sim"
-
- * gdbinv-s.texi: Mention that Z8000 simulator can simulate Z8001
- as well as Z8002.
-
-Sat Nov 28 06:51:35 1992 John Gilmore (gnu@cygnus.com)
-
- * gdbint.texinfo: Add sections on clean design and on how to send
- in changes.
-
-Mon Nov 9 23:57:02 1992 John Gilmore (gnu@cygnus.com)
-
- * gdbint.texinfo: Add how to declare the result of make_cleanup.
-
-Mon Oct 26 11:09:47 1992 John Gilmore (gnu@cygnus.com)
-
- * gdb.texinfo: Fix typo, reported by Karl Berry.
-
-Fri Oct 23 00:41:21 1992 John Gilmore (gnu@cygnus.com)
-
- * gdb.texinfo: Add opcodes dir to GDB distribution description.
-
-Sat Oct 10 18:04:58 1992 david d `zoo' zuhn (zoo at cirdan.cygnus.com)
-
- * gdbint.texinfo: fixed a stray email address (needs @@),
- added @table @code to node "Native Conditionals"
-
-Tue Sep 22 00:34:15 1992 John Gilmore (gnu@cygnus.com)
-
- * gdbint.texinfo: Describe coding style of GDB.
-
-Mon Sep 21 19:32:16 1992 John Gilmore (gnu@cygnus.com)
-
- * stabs.texinfo: Minor wording changes.
-
-Tue Sep 15 02:57:09 1992 John Gilmore (gnu@cygnus.com)
-
- * gdbint.texinfo: Improve release doc slightly.
-
-Fri Sep 11 01:34:25 1992 John Gilmore (gnu@sphagnum.cygnus.com)
-
- * gdbint.texinfo: Improve doc of GDB config macros.
-
-Wed Sep 9 16:52:06 1992 John Gilmore (gnu@cygnus.com)
-
- * stabs.texinfo: Remove Bothner's changes for C++ nested types.
- These will be reinserted when examined.
-
-Mon Aug 24 01:17:55 1992 John Gilmore (gnu@cygnus.com)
-
- * gdbint.texinfo: Make a start at documenting all the #if macros
- in GDB. At least list them all, and start separating them into
- host-specific and target-specific.
-
-Tue Aug 18 15:59:13 1992 Roland H. Pesch (pesch@fowanton.cygnus.com)
-
- * gdbinv-s.m4.in: refrain from using @cartouche for just a few
- examples (not consistent w others).
- gdb.texinfo: issue disclaimer paragraph on cmdline options only
- for generic vn of doc
-
-Tue Aug 18 14:53:27 1992 Ian Lance Taylor (ian@cygnus.com)
-
- * Makefile.in: always create installation directories.
-
-Tue Aug 18 14:11:50 1992 Roland H. Pesch (pesch@fowanton.cygnus.com)
-
- * gdb.texinfo: in h8 config, do not describe searching commands.
-
-Mon Aug 17 18:07:59 1992 Roland H. Pesch (pesch@fowanton.cygnus.com)
-
- * gdb.texinfo, none.m4, h8.m4, gdbinv-s.m4.in: improve H8/300
- conditionals; introduce a few generic switches that may be
- useful for other cross-dev or dos-hosted configs.
-
- * gdb.texinfo: fix typo in "info reg" description
-
-Sun Aug 16 01:16:18 1992 John Gilmore (gnu@cygnus.com)
-
- * stabs.texinfo: Minor updates from running TeX over it.
- * Makefile.in (stabs.dvi, stabs.ps): Add.
-
-Sat Aug 15 20:52:24 1992 Per Bothner (bothner@rtl.cygnus.com)
-
- * stabs.texinfo: Stabs documentation, written by Julia Menapace.
- First pass at converting it to texinfo.
-
-Sat Aug 15 03:14:59 1992 John Gilmore (gnu@cygnus.com)
-
- * gdb.texinfo, refcard.tex: Document mult args on `info reg'.
- * Makefile.in (refcard.ps, lrefcard.ps): Add missing $(srdir).
-
-Fri Aug 14 21:08:47 1992 John Gilmore (gnu@cygnus.com)
-
- * gdbint.texinfo: Add section on partial symbol tables.
-
-Sat Jun 20 16:31:10 1992 John Gilmore (gnu at cygnus.com)
-
- * gdb.texinfo: document `set remotedebug' and `set
- rstack_high_address'.
-
-Thu May 14 17:09:48 1992 Roland H. Pesch (pesch@fowanton.cygnus.com)
-
- * gdb.texinfo: slight expansion of new text on reading info files
- * gdbinv-s.m4.in: correct and expand info on cross-debugging
- H8/300 from DOS.
-
-Tue May 12 12:22:47 1992 John Gilmore (gnu at cygnus.com)
-
- * gdb.texinfo: `info user' => `show user'. Noticed by David Taylor.
-
-Mon May 11 19:06:27 1992 John Gilmore (gnu at cygnus.com)
-
- * gdb.texinfo: Say how to read the `info' files.
-
-Tue May 5 12:11:38 1992 K. Richard Pixley (rich@cygnus.com)
-
- * Makefile.in: gm4 -> m4.
-
-Fri Apr 10 17:50:43 1992 John Gilmore (gnu at rtl.cygnus.com)
-
- * gdb.texinfo: Update for GDB-4.5. Move `Formatting
- Documentation' ahead of `Installing GDB' to match README.
- Update shared library doc, -readnow and -mapped, and directory
- structure (add glob and mmalloc). Update configure doc.
-
-Tue Mar 24 23:28:38 1992 K. Richard Pixley (rich@cygnus.com)
-
- * Makefile.in: remove $(srcdir) from gdb.info rule.
-
-Sat Mar 7 18:44:50 1992 K. Richard Pixley (rich@rtl.cygnus.com)
-
- * Makefile.in: commented out gdb-all.texinfo rule. This is
- temporary.
-
-Wed Feb 26 18:04:40 1992 K. Richard Pixley (rich@cygnus.com)
-
- * Makefile.in, configure.in: removed traces of namesubdir,
- -subdirs, $(subdir), $(unsubdir), some rcs triggers. Forced
- copyrights to '92, changed some from Cygnus to FSF.
-
-Fri Dec 13 09:47:31 1991 John Gilmore (gnu at cygnus.com)
-
- * gdb.texinfo: Improve how we ask for bug reports.
-
-Tue Dec 10 04:07:21 1991 K. Richard Pixley (rich at rtl.cygnus.com)
-
- * Makefile.in: infodir belongs in datadir.
-
-Fri Dec 6 23:57:34 1991 K. Richard Pixley (rich at rtl.cygnus.com)
-
- * Makefile.in: remove spaces following hyphens, bsd make can't
- cope. install using INSTALL_DATA. added clean-info. added
- standards.text support.
-
-Thu Dec 5 22:46:12 1991 K. Richard Pixley (rich at rtl.cygnus.com)
-
- * Makefile.in: idestdir and ddestdir go away. Added copyrights
- and shift gpl to v2. Added ChangeLog if it didn't exist. docdir
- and mandir now keyed off datadir by default.
-
-
-Local Variables:
-mode: indented-text
-left-margin: 8
-fill-column: 74
-version-control: never
-End:
diff --git a/gdb/doc/HPPA-cfg.texi b/gdb/doc/HPPA-cfg.texi
deleted file mode 100644
index 88a138c..0000000
--- a/gdb/doc/HPPA-cfg.texi
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,114 +0,0 @@
-@c GDB MANUAL configuration file.
-@c Copyright (c) 1993 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
-@c
-@c NOTE: While the GDB manual is configurable (by changing these
-@c switches), its configuration is ***NOT*** automatically tied in to
-@c source configuration---because the authors expect that, save in
-@c unusual cases, the most inclusive form of the manual is appropriate
-@c no matter how the program itself is configured.
-@c
-@c The only automatically-varying variable is the GDB version number,
-@c which the Makefile rewrites based on the VERSION variable from
-@c `../Makefile.in'.
-@c
-@c GDB version number is recorded in the variable GDBVN
-@include GDBvn.texi
-@c
-@c ----------------------------------------------------------------------
-@c PLATFORM FLAGS:
-@clear GENERIC
-@c
-@c HP PA-RISC target:
-@set HPPA
-@c
-@c Hitachi H8/300 target:
-@clear H8
-@c Hitachi H8/300 target ONLY:
-@clear H8EXCLUSIVE
-@c
-@c remote MIPS target:
-@clear MIPS
-@c
-@c SPARC target:
-@clear SPARC
-@c
-@c AMD 29000 target:
-@clear AMD29K
-@c
-@c Intel 960 target:
-@clear I960
-@c
-@c Tandem ST2000 (phone switch) target:
-@clear ST2000
-@c
-@c Zilog 8000 target:
-@clear Z8K
-@c
-@c Wind River Systems VxWorks environment:
-@clear VXWORKS
-@c
-@c ----------------------------------------------------------------------
-@c DOC FEATURE FLAGS:
-@c
-@c Bare-board target?
-@clear BARETARGET
-@c
-@c Restrict languages discussed to C?
-@c This is backward. As time permits, change this to language-specific
-@c switches for what to include.
-@clear CONLY
-@c Discuss Fortran?
-@clear FORTRAN
-@c
-@c Discuss Modula 2?
-@clear MOD2
-@c
-@c Specifically for host machine running DOS?
-@clear DOSHOST
-@c
-@c Talk about CPU simulator targets?
-@clear SIMS
-@c
-@c Remote serial line settings of interest?
-@set SERIAL
-@c
-@c Discuss features requiring Posix or similar OS environment?
-@set POSIX
-@c
-@c Discuss remote serial debugging stub?
-@clear REMOTESTUB
-@c
-@c Discuss gdbserver?
-@set GDBSERVER
-@c
-@c Discuss gdbserve.nlm?
-@set GDBSERVE
-@c
-@c Refrain from discussing how to configure sw and format doc?
-@clear PRECONFIGURED
-@c
-@c Refrain from referring to unfree publications?
-@set FSFDOC
-@c
-@c ----------------------------------------------------------------------
-@c STRINGS:
-@c
-@c Name of GDB program. Used also for (gdb) prompt string.
-@set GDBP gdb
-@c
-@c Name of GDB product. Used in running text.
-@set GDBN GDB
-@c
-@c Name of target.
-@set TARGET HP 9000 Systems
-@c
-@c Name of host. Should not be used in generic configs, but generic
-@c value may catch some flubs.
-@set HOST machine specific
-@c
-@c Name of GCC product
-@set NGCC GCC
-@c
-@c Name of GCC program
-@set GCC gcc
-
diff --git a/gdb/doc/LRS b/gdb/doc/LRS
deleted file mode 100644
index 7e25d43..0000000
--- a/gdb/doc/LRS
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,197 +0,0 @@
-What's LRS?
-===========
-
-LRS, or Live Range Splitting is an optimization technique which allows
-a user variable to reside in different locations during different parts
-of a function.
-
-For example, a variable might reside in the stack for part of a function
-and in a register during a loop and in a different register during
-another loop.
-
-Clearly, if a variable may reside in different locations, then the
-compiler must describe to the debugger where the variable resides for
-any given part of the function.
-
-This document describes the debug format for encoding these extensions
-in stabs.
-
-Since these extensions are gcc specific, these additional symbols and
-stabs can be disabled by the gcc command option -gstabs.
-
-
-GNU extensions for LRS under stabs:
-===================================
-
-
-range symbols:
--------------
-
- A range symbol will be used to mark the beginning or end of a
- live range (the range which describes where a symbol is active,
- or live). These symbols will later be referenced in the stabs for
- debug purposes. For simplicity, we'll use the terms "range_start"
- and "range_end" to identify the range symbols which mark the beginning
- and end of a live range respectively.
-
- Any text symbol which would normally appear in the symbol table
- (eg. a function name) can be used as range symbol. If an address
- is needed to delimit a live range and does not match any of the
- values of symbols which would normally appear in the symbol table,
- a new symbol will be added to the table whose value is that address.
-
- The three new symbol types described below have been added for this
- purpose.
-
- For efficiency, the compiler should use existing symbols as range
- symbols whenever possible; this reduces the number of additional
- symbols which need to be added to the symbol table.
-
-
-New debug symbol type for defining ranges:
-------------------------------------------
-
- range_off - contains PC function offset for start/end of a live range.
- Its location is relative to the function start and therefore
- eliminates the need for additional relocation.
-
- This symbol has a values in the text section, and does not have a name.
-
- NOTE: the following may not be needed but are included here just
- in case.
- range - contains PC value of beginning or end of a live range
- (relocs required).
-
- NOTE: the following will be required if we desire LRS debugging
- to work with old style a.out stabs.
- range_abs - contains absolute PC value of start/end of a live
- range. The range_abs debug symbol is provided for
- completeness, in case there is a need to describe addresses
- in ROM, etc.
-
-
-Live range:
------------
-
- The compiler and debugger view a variable with multiple homes as
- a primary symbol and aliases for that symbol. The primary symbol
- describes the default home of the variable while aliases describe
- alternate homes for the variable.
-
- A live range defines the interval of instructions beginning with
- range_start and ending at range_end-1, and is used to specify a
- range of instructions where an alias is active or "live". So,
- the actual end of the range will be one less than the value of the
- range_end symbol.
-
- Ranges do not have to be nested. Eg. Two ranges may intersect while
- each range contains subranges which are not in the other range.
-
- There does not have to be a 1-1 mapping from range_start to
- range_end symbols. Eg. Two range_starts can share the same
- range_end, while one symbol's range_start can be another symbol's
- range_end.
-
- When a variable's storage class changes (eg. from stack to register,
- or from one register to another), a new symbol entry will be
- added to the symbol table with stabs describing the new type,
- and appropriate live ranges refering to the variable's initial
- symbol index.
-
- For variables which are defined in the source but optimized away,
- a symbol should be emitted with the live range l(0,0).
-
- Live ranges for aliases of a particular variable should always
- be disjoint. Overlapping ranges for aliases of the same variable
- will be treated as an error by the debugger, and the overlapping
- range will be ignored.
-
- If no live range information is given, the live range will be assumed to
- span the symbol's entire lexical scope.
-
-
-New stabs string identifiers:
------------------------------
-
- "id" in "#id" in the following section refers to a numeric value.
-
- New stab syntax for live range: l(<ref_from>,<ref_to>)
-
- <ref_from> - "#id" where #id identifies the text symbol (range symbol) to
- use as the start of live range (range_start). The value for
- the referenced text symbol is the starting address of the
- live range.
-
- <ref_to> - "#id" where #id identifies the text symbol (range symbol) to
- use as the end of live range (range_end). The value for
- the referenced text symbol is ONE BYTE PAST the ending
- address of the live range.
-
-
- New stab syntax for identifying symbols.
-
- <def> - "#id="
-
- Uses:
- <def><name>:<typedef1>...
- When used in front of a symbol name, "#id=" defines a
- unique reference number for this symbol. The reference
- number can be used later when defining aliases for this
- symbol.
- <def>
- When used as the entire stab string, "#id=" identifies this
- nameless symbol as being the symbol for which "#id" refers to.
-
-
- <ref> - "#id" where "#id" refers to the symbol for which the string
- "#id=" identifies.
- Uses:
- <ref>:<typedef2>;<liverange>;<liverange>...
- Defines an alias for the symbol identified by the reference
- number ID.
- l(<ref1>,<ref2>)
- When used within a live range, "#id" refers to the text
- symbol identified by "#id=" to use as the range symbol.
-
- <liverange> - "l(<ref_from>,<ref_to>)" - specifies a live range for a
- symbol. Multiple "l" specifiers can be combined to represent
- mutiple live ranges, separated by semicolons.
-
-
-
-
-Example:
-========
-
-Consider a program of the form:
-
- void foo(){
- int a = ...;
- ...
- while (b--)
- c += a;
- ..
- d = a;
- ..
- }
-
-Assume that "a" lives in the stack at offset -8, except for inside the
-loop where "a" resides in register "r5".
-
-The way to describe this is to create a stab for the variable "a" which
-describes "a" as living in the stack and an alias for the variable "a"
-which describes it as living in register "r5" in the loop.
-
-Let's assume that "#1" and "#2" are symbols which bound the area where
-"a" lives in a register.
-
-The stabs to describe "a" and its alias would look like this:
-
- .stabs "#3=a:1",128,0,8,-8
- .stabs "#3:r1;l(#1,#2)",64,0,0,5
-
-
-This design implies that the debugger will keep a chain of aliases for
-any given variable with aliases and that chain will be searched first
-to find out if an alias is active. If no alias is active, then the
-debugger will assume that the main variable is active.
diff --git a/gdb/doc/Makefile b/gdb/doc/Makefile
deleted file mode 100755
index e69de29..0000000
--- a/gdb/doc/Makefile
+++ /dev/null
diff --git a/gdb/doc/Makefile.in b/gdb/doc/Makefile.in
deleted file mode 100644
index 69241bf..0000000
--- a/gdb/doc/Makefile.in
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,355 +0,0 @@
-##Copyright (C) 1991, 1992, 1999 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
-
-# Makefile for GDB documentation.
-# This file is part of GDB.
-
-# This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
-# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
-# the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
-# (at your option) any later version.
-#
-# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
-# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
-# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
-# GNU General Public License for more details.
-#
-# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
-# along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
-# Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.
-
-srcdir = @srcdir@
-VPATH = @srcdir@
-
-prefix = @prefix@
-
-infodir = @infodir@
-
-SHELL = @SHELL@
-
-INSTALL = @INSTALL@
-INSTALL_PROGRAM = @INSTALL_PROGRAM@
-INSTALL_DATA = @INSTALL_DATA@
-
-# main GDB source directory
-gdbdir = $(srcdir)/..
-
-# where to find texinfo; GDB dist should include a recent one
-TEXIDIR=${gdbdir}/../texinfo
-
-# where to find makeinfo, preferably one designed for texinfo-2
-MAKEINFO=makeinfo
-
-# where to find texi2roff, ditto
-TEXI2ROFF=texi2roff
-
-# Where is the source dir for the READLINE library doc?
-# Traditionally readline is in .. or .
-READLINE_DIR = ${gdbdir}/../readline/doc
-
-SET_TEXINPUTS = TEXINPUTS=${TEXIDIR}:.:$(srcdir):$(READLINE_DIR):$$TEXINPUTS
-
-# There may be alternate predefined collections of switches to configure
-# the GDB manual. Normally this is not done in synch with the software
-# config system, since this choice tends to be independent; most people
-# want a doc config of `all' for a generic manual, regardless of sw config.
-DOC_CONFIG = all
-
-# This list of sed edits will edit the GDB reference card
-# for what fonts and what papersize to use.
-# By default (NO edits applied), the refcard uses:
-# - Computer Modern (CM) fonts
-# - US letter paper (8.5x11in)
-# List some of the following files for alternative fonts and paper:
-# a4rc.sed use A4 paper (297 x 210 mm)
-# psrc.sed use PostScript fonts (Karl Berry short TeX names)
-# lpsrc.sed use PostScript fonts (full PostScript names in TeX)
-# e.g. for A4, Postscript: REFEDITS = a4rc.sed psrc.sed
-# for A4, CM fonts: REFEDITS = a4rc.sed
-# for US, PS fonts: REFEDITS = psrc.sed
-# for default:
-REFEDITS =
-
-# Don Knuth's TeX formatter
-TEX = tex
-
-# auxiliary program for sorting Texinfo indices
-TEXINDEX = texindex
-
-# Program to generate Postscript files from DVI files.
-DVIPS = dvips
-
-# Main GDB manual's source files
-SFILES_INCLUDED = gdb-cfg.texi $(srcdir)/remote.texi
-
-SFILES_LOCAL = $(srcdir)/gdb.texinfo GDBvn.texi $(SFILES_INCLUDED)
-
-SFILES_DOC = $(SFILES_LOCAL) \
- $(READLINE_DIR)/rluser.texinfo $(READLINE_DIR)/inc-hist.texi
-
-#### Host, target, and site specific Makefile fragments come in here.
-###
-
-all install:
-
-info: gdb.info gdbint.info stabs.info
-dvi: gdb.dvi gdbint.dvi stabs.dvi refcard.dvi
-ps: gdb.ps gdbint.ps stabs.ps refcard.ps
-all-doc: info dvi ps
-
-install-info: info
- for i in *.info* ; do \
- $(INSTALL_DATA) $$i $(infodir)/$$i ; \
- done
-
-STAGESTUFF = *.info* gdb-all.texi GDBvn.texi *.ps *.dvi
-
-# Copy the object files from a particular stage into a subdirectory.
-stage1: force
- -mkdir stage1
- -mv $(STAGESTUFF) stage1
-
-stage2: force
- -mkdir stage2
- -mv $(STAGESTUFF) stage2
-
-stage3: force
- -mkdir stage3
- -mv $(STAGESTUFF) stage3
-
-against=stage2
-
-comparison: force
- for i in $(STAGESTUFF) ; do cmp $$i $(against)/$$i ; done
-
-de-stage1: force
- -(cd stage1 ; mv -f * ..)
- -rmdir stage1
-
-de-stage2: force
- -(cd stage2 ; mv -f * ..)
- -rmdir stage2
-
-de-stage3: force
- -(cd stage3 ; mv -f * ..)
- -rmdir stage3
-
-# The "least clean" level of cleaning. Get rid of files which are
-# automatically generated files that are just intermediate files,
-#
-mostlyclean:
- rm -f gdb.mm gdb.ms gdb.me links2roff
- rm -f *.aux *.cp* *.fn* *.ky* *.log *.pg* *.toc *.tp* *.vr*
- rm -f sedref.dvi sedref.tex tmp.sed
-
-clean: mostlyclean
- rm -f rluser.texinfo inc-hist.texi gdb-cfg.texi
-
-distclean: clean
- rm -f Makefile config.status
-
-# GDBvn.texi, the dvi files, the info files, and the postscript files,
-# are all part of the distribution, so it should not be removed by
-# "clean" or "distclean". Use maintainer-clean to remove them.
-
-maintainer-clean realclean: distclean
- rm -f GDBvn.texi *.info* *.dvi *.ps
-
-# GDB QUICK REFERENCE (dvi output)
-refcard.dvi : refcard.tex $(REFEDITS)
- if [ -z "$(REFEDITS)" ]; then \
- cp $(srcdir)/refcard.tex sedref.tex ; \
- else \
- echo > tmp.sed ; \
- for f in "$(REFEDITS)" ; do \
- cat $(srcdir)/$$f >>tmp.sed ; done ; \
- sed -f tmp.sed $(srcdir)/refcard.tex >sedref.tex ; \
- fi
- $(SET_TEXINPUTS) $(TEX) sedref.tex
- mv sedref.dvi refcard.dvi
- rm -f sedref.log sedref.tex tmp.sed
-
-refcard.ps : refcard.dvi
- $(DVIPS) -t landscape -o $@ $?
-
-# File to record current GDB version number (copied from main dir Makefile.in)
-GDBvn.texi : ${gdbdir}/Makefile.in
- echo "@set GDBVN `sed <$(srcdir)/../Makefile.in -n 's/^VERSION *= *//p'`" > ./GDBvn.new
- mv GDBvn.new GDBvn.texi
-
-# Updated atomically
-.PRECIOUS: GDBvn.texi
-
-# Choose configuration for GDB manual (normally `all'; normally not tied into
-# `configure' script because most users prefer generic version of manual,
-# not one for their binary config---which may not be specifically
-# defined anyways).
-gdb-cfg.texi: ${srcdir}/${DOC_CONFIG}-cfg.texi
- ln -s ${srcdir}/${DOC_CONFIG}-cfg.texi gdb-cfg.texi || \
- ln ${srcdir}/${DOC_CONFIG}-cfg.texi gdb-cfg.texi || \
- cp ${srcdir}/${DOC_CONFIG}-cfg.texi gdb-cfg.texi
-
-# GDB MANUAL: texinfo source, using @set/@clear/@value/@ifset/@ifclear
-# If your texinfo or makeinfo don't support these, get a new texinfo release
-#
-# The nonsense with GDBvn.texi gets this to run with both Sun and GNU make.
-# Note that we can *generate* GDBvn.texi, but since we distribute one in the
-# source directory for the benefit of people who *don't* use this makefile,
-# VPATH will often tell make not to bother building it, because the one
-# in the srcdir is up to date. (if not, then make should build one here).
-
-# GDB MANUAL: TeX dvi file
-gdb.dvi: ${SFILES_DOC}
- if [ ! -f ./GDBvn.texi ]; then \
- ln -s $(srcdir)/GDBvn.texi . || \
- ln $(srcdir)/GDBvn.texi . || \
- cp $(srcdir)/GDBvn.texi . ; else true; fi
- $(SET_TEXINPUTS) $(TEX) gdb.texinfo
- $(SET_TEXINPUTS) $(TEX) gdb.texinfo
- $(TEXINDEX) gdb.??
- $(SET_TEXINPUTS) $(TEX) gdb.texinfo
- rm -f gdb.aux gdb.cp* gdb.fn* gdb.ky* gdb.log gdb.pg* gdb.toc \
- gdb.tp* gdb.vr*
-
-gdb.ps: gdb.dvi
- $(DVIPS) -o $@ $?
-
-# GDB MANUAL: info file
-# We're using texinfo2, and older makeinfo's may not be able to
-# cope with all the markup.
-gdb.info: ${SFILES_DOC}
- $(MAKEINFO) -I ${READLINE_DIR} -I $(srcdir) -o ./gdb.info gdb.texinfo
-
-# GDB MANUAL: roff translations
-# Try to use a recent texi2roff. v2 was put on prep in jan91.
-# If you want an index, see texi2roff doc for postprocessing
-# and add -i to texi2roff invocations below.
-# Workarounds for texi2roff-2 (probably fixed in later texi2roff's, delete
-# corresponding -e lines when later texi2roff's are current)
-# + @ifinfo's deleted explicitly due to texi2roff-2 bug w nested constructs.
-# + @c's deleted explicitly because texi2roff sees texinfo commands in them
-# + @ (that's at-BLANK) not recognized by texi2roff, turned into blank
-# + @alphaenumerate is ridiculously new, turned into @enumerate
-
-# texi2roff doesn't have a notion of include dirs, so we have to fake
-# it out for gdb manual's include files---but only if not configured
-# in main sourcedir.
-links2roff: $(SFILES_INCLUDED)
- if [ ! -f gdb.texinfo ]; then \
- ln -s $(SFILES_INCLUDED) . || \
- ln $(SFILES_INCLUDED) . || \
- cp $(SFILES_INCLUDED) . ; \
- fi
- touch links2roff
-
-# "Readline" appendices. Get them also due to lack of includes,
-# regardless of whether or not configuring in main sourcedir.
-# @ftable removed due to bug in texi2roff-2; if your texi2roff
-# is newer, try just ln or cp
-rluser.texinfo: ${READLINE_DIR}/rluser.texinfo
- sed -e 's/^@ftable/@table/g' \
- -e 's/^@end ftable/@end table/g' \
- ${READLINE_DIR}/rluser.texinfo > ./rluser.texinfo
-
-inc-hist.texi: ${READLINE_DIR}/inc-hist.texi
- ln -s ${READLINE_DIR}/inc-hist.texi . || \
- ln ${READLINE_DIR}/inc-hist.texi . || \
- cp ${READLINE_DIR}/inc-hist.texi .
-
-# gdb manual suitable for [gtn]roff -me
-gdb.me: $(SFILES_LOCAL) links2roff rluser.texinfo inc-hist.texi
- sed -e '/\\input texinfo/d' \
- -e '/@c TEXI2ROFF-KILL/,/@c END TEXI2ROFF-KILL/d' \
- -e '/^@ifinfo/,/^@end ifinfo/d' \
- -e '/^@c /d' \
- -e 's/{.*,,/{/' \
- -e 's/@ / /g' \
- -e 's/^@alphaenumerate/@enumerate/g' \
- -e 's/^@end alphaenumerate/@end enumerate/g' \
- $(srcdir)/gdb.texinfo | \
- $(TEXI2ROFF) -me | \
- sed -e 's/---/\\(em/g' \
- >gdb.me
-
-# gdb manual suitable for [gtn]roff -ms
-gdb.ms: $(SFILES_LOCAL) links2roff rluser.texinfo inc-hist.texi
- sed -e '/\\input texinfo/d' \
- -e '/@c TEXI2ROFF-KILL/,/@c END TEXI2ROFF-KILL/d' \
- -e '/^@ifinfo/,/^@end ifinfo/d' \
- -e '/^@c /d' \
- -e 's/{.*,,/{/' \
- -e 's/@ / /g' \
- -e 's/^@alphaenumerate/@enumerate/g' \
- -e 's/^@end alphaenumerate/@end enumerate/g' \
- $(srcdir)/gdb.texinfo | \
- $(TEXI2ROFF) -ms | \
- sed -e 's/---/\\(em/g' \
- >gdb.ms
-
-# gdb manual suitable for [tn]roff -mm
-# '@noindent's removed due to texi2roff-2 mm bug; if yours is newer,
-# try leaving them in
-gdb.mm: $(SFILES_LOCAL) links2roff rluser.texinfo inc-hist.texi
- sed -e '/\\input texinfo/d' \
- -e '/@c TEXI2ROFF-KILL/,/@c END TEXI2ROFF-KILL/d' \
- -e '/^@ifinfo/,/^@end ifinfo/d' \
- -e '/^@c /d' \
- -e 's/{.*,,/{/' \
- -e '/@noindent/d' \
- -e 's/@ / /g' \
- -e 's/^@alphaenumerate/@enumerate/g' \
- -e 's/^@end alphaenumerate/@end enumerate/g' \
- $(srcdir)/gdb.texinfo | \
- $(TEXI2ROFF) -mm | \
- sed -e 's/---/\\(em/g' \
- >gdb.mm
-
-# start-sanitize-gdbtk
-# GDB GUI MANUAL: TeX dvi file
-gdbgui.dvi : gdbgui.texinfo ${SFILES_DOC}
- $(SET_TEXINPUTS) $(TEX) gdbgui.texinfo
- $(TEXINDEX) gdbgui.??
- $(SET_TEXINPUTS) $(TEX) gdbgui.texinfo
- rm -f gdbgui.aux gdbgui.cp* gdbgui.fn* gdbgui.ky* \
- gdbgui.log gdbgui.pg* gdbgui.toc gdbgui.tp* gdbgui.vr*
-
-# GDB GUI MANUAL: info file
-gdb-gui: gdbgui.info
-
-gdbgui.info: gdbgui.texinfo ${SFILES_DOC}
- $(MAKEINFO) -o gdbgui.info $(srcdir)/gdbgui.texinfo
-# end-sanitize-gdbtk
-
-# GDB INTERNALS MANUAL: TeX dvi file
-gdbint.dvi : gdbint.texinfo
- $(SET_TEXINPUTS) $(TEX) gdbint.texinfo
- $(TEXINDEX) gdbint.??
- $(SET_TEXINPUTS) $(TEX) gdbint.texinfo
- rm -f gdbint.aux gdbint.cp* gdbint.fn* gdbint.ky* \
- gdbint.log gdbint.pg* gdbint.toc gdbint.tp* gdbint.vr*
-
-gdbint.ps : gdbint.dvi
- $(DVIPS) -o $@ $?
-
-# GDB INTERNALS MANUAL: info file
-
-gdbint.info: gdbint.texinfo
- $(MAKEINFO) -o gdbint.info $(srcdir)/gdbint.texinfo
-
-stabs.info: stabs.texinfo
- $(MAKEINFO) -o stabs.info $(srcdir)/stabs.texinfo
-
-# STABS DOCUMENTATION: TeX dvi file
-stabs.dvi : stabs.texinfo
- $(SET_TEXINPUTS) $(TEX) stabs.texinfo
- $(TEXINDEX) stabs.??
- $(SET_TEXINPUTS) $(TEX) stabs.texinfo
- rm -f stabs.aux stabs.cp* stabs.fn* stabs.ky* \
- stabs.log stabs.pg* stabs.toc stabs.tp* stabs.vr*
-
-stabs.ps: stabs.dvi
- $(DVIPS) -o $@ $?
-
-force:
-
-Makefile: Makefile.in $(host_makefile_frag) $(target_makefile_frag) config.status
- $(SHELL) ./config.status
diff --git a/gdb/doc/a4rc.sed b/gdb/doc/a4rc.sed
deleted file mode 100644
index 2292290..0000000
--- a/gdb/doc/a4rc.sed
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,11 +0,0 @@
-/--- Papersize params:/,/--- end papersize params/c\
-%------- Papersize params:\
-%% A4 paper (297x210mm)\
-%%\
-\\totalwidth=297mm % total width of paper\
-\\totalheight=210mm % total height of paper\
-\\hmargin=5mm % horizontal margin width\
-\\vmargin=10mm % vertical margin width\
-\\secskip=.6pc % space between refcard secs\
-\\lskip=1pt % extra skip between \\sec entries\
-%------- end papersize params
diff --git a/gdb/doc/all-cfg.texi b/gdb/doc/all-cfg.texi
deleted file mode 100644
index 74d8090..0000000
--- a/gdb/doc/all-cfg.texi
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,112 +0,0 @@
-@c GDB MANUAL configuration file.
-@c Copyright (c) 1993 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
-@c
-@c NOTE: While the GDB manual is configurable (by changing these
-@c switches), its configuration is ***NOT*** automatically tied in to
-@c source configuration---because the authors expect that, save in
-@c unusual cases, the most inclusive form of the manual is appropriate
-@c no matter how the program itself is configured.
-@c
-@c The only automatically-varying variable is the GDB version number,
-@c which the Makefile rewrites based on the VERSION variable from
-@c `../Makefile.in'.
-@c
-@c GDB version number is recorded in the variable GDBVN
-@include GDBvn.texi
-@c
-@c ----------------------------------------------------------------------
-@c PLATFORM FLAGS:
-@set GENERIC
-@c
-@c HP PA-RISC target ONLY:
-@clear HPPA
-@c
-@c Hitachi H8/300 target:
-@set H8
-@c Hitachi H8/300 target ONLY:
-@clear H8EXCLUSIVE
-@c
-@c remote MIPS target:
-@set MIPS
-@c
-@c SPARC target:
-@set SPARC
-@set SPARCLET
-@c
-@c AMD 29000 target:
-@set AMD29K
-@c
-@c Intel 960 target:
-@set I960
-@c
-@c Tandem ST2000 (phone switch) target:
-@set ST2000
-@c
-@c Zilog 8000 target:
-@set Z8K
-@c
-@c Wind River Systems VxWorks environment:
-@set VXWORKS
-@c
-@c ----------------------------------------------------------------------
-@c DOC FEATURE FLAGS:
-@c
-@c Bare-board target?
-@clear BARETARGET
-@c
-@c Restrict languages discussed to C?
-@c This is backward. As time permits, change this to language-specific
-@c switches for what to include.
-@clear CONLY
-@c Discuss Fortran?
-@set FORTRAN
-@c
-@c Discuss Modula 2?
-@set MOD2
-@c
-@c Specifically for host machine running DOS?
-@clear DOSHOST
-@c
-@c Talk about CPU simulator targets?
-@set SIMS
-@c
-@c Remote serial line settings of interest?
-@set SERIAL
-@c
-@c Discuss features requiring Posix or similar OS environment?
-@set POSIX
-@c
-@c Discuss remote serial debugging stub?
-@set REMOTESTUB
-@c
-@c Discuss gdbserver?
-@set GDBSERVER
-@c
-@c Discuss gdbserve.nlm?
-@set GDBSERVE
-@c
-@c Refrain from discussing how to configure sw and format doc?
-@clear PRECONFIGURED
-@c
-@c Refrain from referring to unfree publications?
-@set FSFDOC
-@c
-@c ----------------------------------------------------------------------
-@c STRINGS:
-@c
-@c Name of GDB program. Used also for (gdb) prompt string.
-@set GDBP gdb
-@c
-@c Name of GDB product. Used in running text.
-@set GDBN GDB
-@c
-@c Name of host. Should not be used in generic configs, but generic
-@c value may catch some flubs.
-@set HOST machine specific
-@c
-@c Name of GCC product
-@set NGCC GCC
-@c
-@c Name of GCC program
-@set GCC gcc
-
diff --git a/gdb/doc/all-config.texi b/gdb/doc/all-config.texi
deleted file mode 100644
index e69de29..0000000
--- a/gdb/doc/all-config.texi
+++ /dev/null
diff --git a/gdb/doc/annotate.texi b/gdb/doc/annotate.texi
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index 9d5850d..0000000
--- a/gdb/doc/annotate.texi
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,717 +0,0 @@
-\input texinfo @c -*-texinfo-*-
-@c %**start of header
-@setfilename annotate.info
-@settitle GDB Annotations
-@setchapternewpage off
-@c %**end of header
-
-@set EDITION 0.5
-@set DATE May 1994
-
-@ifinfo
-This file documents GDB annotations.
-
-This is Edition @value{EDITION}, @value{DATE}, of @cite{GDB
-Annotations}. Copyright 1994 Free Software Foundation
-
-Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of
-this manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice
-are preserved on all copies.
-
-@ignore
-Permission is granted to process this file through TeX and print the
-results, provided the printed document carries copying permission
-notice identical to this one except for the removal of this paragraph
-(this paragraph not being relevant to the printed manual).
-
-@end ignore
-Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified versions of this
-manual under the conditions for verbatim copying, provided also that the
-entire resulting derived work is distributed under the terms of a
-permission notice identical to this one.
-
-Permission is granted to copy and distribute translations of this manual
-into another language, under the above conditions for modified versions.
-@end ifinfo
-
-@titlepage
-@title GDB Annotations
-@subtitle Edition @value{EDITION}
-@subtitle @value{DATE}
-@author Cygnus Support
-@page
-@vskip 0pt plus 1filll
-Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of
-this manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice
-are preserved on all copies.
-
-Copyright @copyright{} 1994 Free Software Foundation
-@end titlepage
-
-@ifinfo
-@node Top
-@top GDB Annotations
-
-This file describes annotations in GDB, the GNU symbolic debugger.
-Annotations are designed to interface GDB to graphical user interfaces
-or other similar programs which want to interact with GDB at a
-relatively high level.
-
-This is Edition @value{EDITION}, @value{DATE}.
-
-@menu
-* General:: What annotations are; the general syntax.
-* Server:: Issuing a command without affecting user state.
-* Values:: Values are marked as such.
-* Frames:: Stack frames are annotated.
-* Displays:: GDB can be told to display something periodically.
-* Prompting:: Annotations marking GDB's need for input.
-* Errors:: Annotations for error messages.
-* Breakpoint Info:: Information on breakpoints.
-* Invalidation:: Some annotations describe things now invalid.
-* Running:: Whether the program is running, how it stopped, etc.
-* Source:: Annotations describing source code.
-* TODO:: Annotations which might be added in the future.
-* Index:: Index
-@end menu
-@end ifinfo
-
-@node General
-@chapter What is an Annotation?
-
-To produce annotations, start GDB with the @code{--annotate=2} option.
-
-Annotations start with a newline character, two @samp{control-z}
-characters, and the name of the annotation. If there is no additional
-information associated with this annotation, the name of the annotation
-is followed immediately by a newline. If there is additional
-information, the name of the annotation is followed by a space, the
-additional information, and a newline. The additional information
-cannot contain newline characters.
-
-Any output not beginning with a newline and two @samp{control-z}
-characters denotes literal output from GDB. Currently there is no need
-for GDB to output a newline followed by two @samp{control-z} characters,
-but if there was such a need, the annotations could be extended with an
-@samp{escape} annotation which means those three characters as output.
-
-A simple example of starting up GDB with annotations is:
-
-@example
-$ gdb --annotate=2
-GDB is free software and you are welcome to distribute copies of it
- under certain conditions; type "show copying" to see the conditions.
-There is absolutely no warranty for GDB; type "show warranty" for details.
-GDB 4.12.3 (sparc-sun-sunos4.1.3),
-Copyright 1994 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
-
-^Z^Zpre-prompt
-(gdb)
-^Z^Zprompt
-quit
-
-^Z^Zpost-prompt
-$
-@end example
-
-Here @samp{quit} is input to GDB; the rest is output from GDB. The three
-lines beginning @samp{^Z^Z} (where @samp{^Z} denotes a @samp{control-z}
-character) are annotations; the rest is output from GDB.
-
-@node Server
-@chapter The Server Prefix
-
-To issue a command to GDB without affecting certain aspects of the state
-which is seen by users, prefix it with @samp{server }. This means that
-this command will not affect the command history, nor will it affect
-GDB's notion of which command to repeat if @key{RET} is pressed on a
-line by itself.
-
-The server prefix does not affect the recording of values into the value
-history; to print a value without recording it into the value history,
-use the @code{output} command instead of the @code{print} command.
-
-@node Values
-@chapter Values
-
-When a value is printed in various contexts, GDB uses annotations to
-delimit the value from the surrounding text.
-
-@findex value-history-begin
-@findex value-history-value
-@findex value-history-end
-If a value is printed using @code{print} and added to the value history,
-the annotation looks like
-
-@example
-^Z^Zvalue-history-begin @var{history-number} @var{value-flags}
-@var{history-string}
-^Z^Zvalue-history-value
-@var{the-value}
-^Z^Zvalue-history-end
-@end example
-
-where @var{history-number} is the number it is getting in the value
-history, @var{history-string} is a string, such as @samp{$5 = }, which
-introduces the value to the user, @var{the-value} is the output
-corresponding to the value itself, and @var{value-flags} is @samp{*} for
-a value which can be dereferenced and @samp{-} for a value which cannot.
-
-@findex value-begin
-@findex value-end
-If the value is not added to the value history (it is an invalid float
-or it is printed with the @code{output} command), the annotation is similar:
-
-@example
-^Z^Zvalue-begin @var{value-flags}
-@var{the-value}
-^Z^Zvalue-end
-@end example
-
-@findex arg-begin
-@findex arg-name-end
-@findex arg-value
-@findex arg-end
-When GDB prints an argument to a function (for example, in the output
-from the @code{backtrace} command), it annotates it as follows:
-
-@example
-^Z^Zarg-begin
-@var{argument-name}
-^Z^Zarg-name-end
-@var{separator-string}
-^Z^Zarg-value @var{value-flags}
-@var{the-value}
-^Z^Zarg-end
-@end example
-
-where @var{argument-name} is the name of the argument,
-@var{separator-string} is text which separates the name from the value
-for the user's benefit (such as @samp{=}), and @var{value-flags} and
-@var{the-value} have the same meanings as in a
-@code{value-history-begin} annotation.
-
-@findex field-begin
-@findex field-name-end
-@findex field-value
-@findex field-end
-When printing a structure, GDB annotates it as follows:
-
-@example
-^Z^Zfield-begin @var{value-flags}
-@var{field-name}
-^Z^Zfield-name-end
-@var{separator-string}
-^Z^Zfield-value
-@var{the-value}
-^Z^Zfield-end
-@end example
-
-where @var{field-name} is the name of the field, @var{separator-string}
-is text which separates the name from the value for the user's benefit
-(such as @samp{=}), and @var{value-flags} and @var{the-value} have the
-same meanings as in a @code{value-history-begin} annotation.
-
-When printing an array, GDB annotates it as follows:
-
-@example
-^Z^Zarray-section-begin @var{array-index} @var{value-flags}
-@end example
-
-where @var{array-index} is the index of the first element being
-annotated and @var{value-flags} has the same meaning as in a
-@code{value-history-begin} annotation. This is followed by any number
-of elements, where is element can be either a single element:
-
-@findex elt
-@example
-@samp{,} @var{whitespace} ; @r{omitted for the first element}
-@var{the-value}
-^Z^Zelt
-@end example
-
-or a repeated element
-
-@findex elt-rep
-@findex elt-rep-end
-@example
-@samp{,} @var{whitespace} ; @r{omitted for the first element}
-@var{the-value}
-^Z^Zelt-rep @var{number-of-repititions}
-@var{repetition-string}
-^Z^Zelt-rep-end
-@end example
-
-In both cases, @var{the-value} is the output for the value of the
-element and @var{whitespace} can contain spaces, tabs, and newlines. In
-the repeated case, @var{number-of-repititons} is the number of
-consecutive array elements which contain that value, and
-@var{repetition-string} is a string which is designed to convey to the
-user that repitition is being depicted.
-
-@findex array-section-end
-Once all the array elements have been output, the array annotation is
-ended with
-
-@example
-^Z^Zarray-section-end
-@end example
-
-@node Frames
-@chapter Frames
-
-Whenever GDB prints a frame, it annotates it. For example, this applies
-to frames printed when GDB stops, output from commands such as
-@code{backtrace} or @code{up}, etc.
-
-@findex frame-begin
-The frame annotation begins with
-
-@example
-^Z^Zframe-begin @var{level} @var{address}
-@var{level-string}
-@end example
-
-where @var{level} is the number of the frame (0 is the innermost frame,
-and other frames have positive numbers), @var{address} is the address of
-the code executing in that frame, and @var{level-string} is a string
-designed to convey the level to the user. @var{address} is in the form
-@samp{0x} followed by one or more lowercase hex digits (note that this
-does not depend on the language). The frame ends with
-
-@findex frame-end
-@example
-^Z^Zframe-end
-@end example
-
-Between these annotations is the main body of the frame, which can
-consist of
-
-@itemize @bullet
-@item
-@findex function-call
-@example
-^Z^Zfunction-call
-@var{function-call-string}
-@end example
-
-where @var{function-call-string} is text designed to convey to the user
-that this frame is associated with a function call made by GDB to a
-function in the program being debugged.
-
-@item
-@findex signal-handler-caller
-@example
-^Z^Zsignal-handler-caller
-@var{signal-handler-caller-string}
-@end example
-
-where @var{signal-handler-caller-string} is text designed to convey to
-the user that this frame is associated with whatever mechanism is used
-by this operating system to call a signal handler (it is the frame which
-calls the signal handler, not the frame for the signal handler itself).
-
-@item
-A normal frame.
-
-@findex frame-address
-@findex frame-address-end
-This can optionally (depending on whether this is thought of as
-interesting information for the user to see) begin with
-
-@example
-^Z^Zframe-address
-@var{address}
-^Z^Zframe-address-end
-@var{separator-string}
-@end example
-
-where @var{address} is the address executing in the frame (the same
-address as in the @code{frame-begin} annotation, but printed in a form
-which is intended for user consumption---in particular, the syntax varies
-depending on the language), and @var{separator-string} is a string
-intended to separate this address from what follows for the user's
-benefit.
-
-@findex frame-function-name
-@findex frame-args
-Then comes
-
-@example
-^Z^Zframe-function-name
-@var{function-name}
-^Z^Zframe-args
-@var{arguments}
-@end example
-
-where @var{function-name} is the name of the function executing in the
-frame, or @samp{??} if not known, and @var{arguments} are the arguments
-to the frame, with parentheses around them (each argument is annotated
-individually as well @pxref{Values}).
-
-@findex frame-source-begin
-@findex frame-source-file
-@findex frame-source-file-end
-@findex frame-source-line
-@findex frame-source-end
-If source information is available, a reference to it is then printed:
-
-@example
-^Z^Zframe-source-begin
-@var{source-intro-string}
-^Z^Zframe-source-file
-@var{filename}
-^Z^Zframe-source-file-end
-:
-^Z^Zframe-source-line
-@var{line-number}
-^Z^Zframe-source-end
-@end example
-
-where @var{source-intro-string} separates for the user's benefit the
-reference from the text which precedes it, @var{filename} is the name of
-the source file, and @var{line-number} is the line number within that
-file (the first line is line 1).
-
-@findex frame-where
-If GDB prints some information about where the frame is from (which
-library, which load segment, etc.; currently only done on the RS/6000),
-it is annotated with
-
-@example
-^Z^Zframe-where
-@var{information}
-@end example
-
-Then, if source is to actually be displayed for this frame (for example,
-this is not true for output from the @code{backtrace} command), then a
-@code{source} annotation (@pxref{Source}) is displayed. Unlike most
-annotations, this is output instead of the normal text which would be
-output, not in addition.
-@end itemize
-
-@node Displays
-@chapter Displays
-
-@findex display-begin
-@findex display-number-end
-@findex display-format
-@findex display-expression
-@findex display-expression-end
-@findex display-value
-@findex display-end
-When GDB is told to display something using the @code{display} command,
-the results of the display are annotated:
-
-@example
-^Z^Zdisplay-begin
-@var{number}
-^Z^Zdisplay-number-end
-@var{number-separator}
-^Z^Zdisplay-format
-@var{format}
-^Z^Zdisplay-expression
-@var{expression}
-^Z^Zdisplay-expression-end
-@var{expression-separator}
-^Z^Zdisplay-value
-@var{value}
-^Z^Zdisplay-end
-@end example
-
-where @var{number} is the number of the display, @var{number-separator}
-is intended to separate the number from what follows for the user,
-@var{format} includes information such as the size, format, or other
-information about how the value is being displayed, @var{expression} is
-the expression being displayed, @var{expression-separator} is intended
-to separate the expression from the text that follows for the user,
-and @var{value} is the actual value being displayed.
-
-@node Prompting
-@chapter Annotation for GDB Input
-
-When GDB prompts for input, it annotates this fact so it is possible
-to know when to send output, when the output from a given command is
-over, etc.
-
-Different kinds of input each have a different @dfn{input type}. Each
-input type has three annotations: a @code{pre-} annotation, which
-denotes the beginning of any prompt which is being output, a plain
-annotation, which denotes the end of the prompt, and then a @code{post-}
-annotation which denotes the end of any echo which may (or may not) be
-associated with the input. For example, the @code{prompt} input type
-features the following annotations:
-
-@example
-^Z^Zpre-prompt
-^Z^Zprompt
-^Z^Zpost-prompt
-@end example
-
-The input types are
-
-@table @code
-@findex pre-prompt
-@findex prompt
-@findex post-prompt
-@item prompt
-When GDB is prompting for a command (the main GDB prompt).
-
-@findex pre-commands
-@findex commands
-@findex post-commands
-@item commands
-When GDB prompts for a set of commands, like in the @code{commands}
-command. The annotations are repeated for each command which is input.
-
-@findex pre-overload-choice
-@findex overload-choice
-@findex post-overload-choice
-@item overload-choice
-When GDB wants the user to select between various overloaded functions.
-
-@findex pre-query
-@findex query
-@findex post-query
-@item query
-When GDB wants the user to confirm a potentially dangerous operation.
-
-@findex pre-prompt-for-continue
-@findex prompt-for-continue
-@findex post-prompt-for-continue
-@item prompt-for-continue
-When GDB is asking the user to press return to continue. Note: Don't
-expect this to work well; instead use @code{set height 0} to disable
-prompting. This is because the counting of lines is buggy in the
-presence of annotations.
-@end table
-
-@node Errors
-@chapter Errors
-
-@findex quit
-@example
-^Z^Zquit
-@end example
-
-This annotation occurs right before GDB responds to an interrupt.
-
-@findex error
-@example
-^Z^Zerror
-@end example
-
-This annotation occurs right before GDB responds to an error.
-
-Quit and error annotations indicate that any annotations which GDB was
-in the middle of may end abruptly. For example, if a
-@code{value-history-begin} annotation is followed by a @code{error}, one
-cannot expect to receive the matching @code{value-history-end}. One
-cannot expect not to receive it either, however; an error annotation
-does not necessarily mean that GDB is immediately returning all the way
-to the top level.
-
-@findex error-begin
-A quit or error annotation may be preceded by
-
-@example
-^Z^Zerror-begin
-@end example
-
-Any output between that and the quit or error annotation is the error
-message.
-
-Warning messages are not yet annotated.
-@c If we want to change that, need to fix warning(), type_error(),
-@c range_error(), and possibly other places.
-
-@node Breakpoint Info
-@chapter Information on Breakpoints
-
-The output from the @code{info breakpoints} command is annotated as follows:
-
-@findex breakpoints-headers
-@findex breakpoints-table
-@example
-^Z^Zbreakpoints-headers
-@var{header-entry}
-^Z^Zbreakpoints-table
-@end example
-
-where @var{header-entry} has the same syntax as an entry (see below) but
-instead of containing data, it contains strings which are intended to
-convey the meaning of each field to the user. This is followed by any
-number of entries. If a field does not apply for this entry, it is
-omitted. Fields may contain trailing whitespace. Each entry consists
-of:
-
-@findex record
-@findex field
-@example
-^Z^Zrecord
-^Z^Zfield 0
-@var{number}
-^Z^Zfield 1
-@var{type}
-^Z^Zfield 2
-@var{disposition}
-^Z^Zfield 3
-@var{enable}
-^Z^Zfield 4
-@var{address}
-^Z^Zfield 5
-@var{what}
-^Z^Zfield 6
-@var{frame}
-^Z^Zfield 7
-@var{condition}
-^Z^Zfield 8
-@var{ignore-count}
-^Z^Zfield 9
-@var{commands}
-@end example
-
-Note that @var{address} is intended for user consumption---the syntax
-varies depending on the language.
-
-The output ends with
-
-@findex breakpoints-table-end
-@example
-^Z^Zbreakpoints-table-end
-@end example
-
-@node Invalidation
-@chapter Invalidation Notices
-
-The following annotations say that certain pieces of state may have
-changed.
-
-@table @code
-@findex frames-invalid
-@item ^Z^Zframes-invalid
-
-The frames (for example, output from the @code{backtrace} command) may
-have changed.
-
-@findex breakpoints-invalid
-@item ^Z^Zbreakpoints-invalid
-
-The breakpoints may have changed. For example, the user just added or
-deleted a breakpoint.
-@end table
-
-@node Running
-@chapter Running the Program
-
-@findex starting
-@findex stopping
-When the program starts executing due to a GDB command such as
-@code{step} or @code{continue},
-
-@example
-^Z^Zstarting
-@end example
-
-is output. When the program stops,
-
-@example
-^Z^Zstopped
-@end example
-
-is output. Before the @code{stopped} annotation, a variety of
-annotations describe how the program stopped.
-
-@table @code
-@findex exited
-@item ^Z^Zexited @var{exit-status}
-The program exited, and @var{exit-status} is the exit status (zero for
-successful exit, otherwise nonzero).
-
-@findex signalled
-@findex signal-name
-@findex signal-name-end
-@findex signal-string
-@findex signal-string-end
-@item ^Z^Zsignalled
-The program exited with a signal. After the @code{^Z^Zsignalled}, the
-annotation continues:
-
-@example
-@var{intro-text}
-^Z^Zsignal-name
-@var{name}
-^Z^Zsignal-name-end
-@var{middle-text}
-^Z^Zsignal-string
-@var{string}
-^Z^Zsignal-string-end
-@var{end-text}
-@end example
-
-where @var{name} is the name of the signal, such as @code{SIGILL} or
-@code{SIGSEGV}, and @var{string} is the explanation of the signal, such
-as @code{Illegal Instruction} or @code{Segmentation fault}.
-@var{intro-text}, @var{middle-text}, and @var{end-text} are for the
-user's benefit and have no particular format.
-
-@findex signal
-@item ^Z^Zsignal
-The syntax of this annotation is just like @code{signalled}, but GDB is
-just saying that the program received the signal, not that it was
-terminated with it.
-
-@findex breakpoint
-@item ^Z^Zbreakpoint @var{number}
-The program hit breakpoint number @var{number}.
-
-@findex watchpoint
-@item ^Z^Zwatchpoint @var{number}
-The program hit watchpoint number @var{number}.
-@end table
-
-@node Source
-@chapter Displaying Source
-
-@findex source
-The following annotation is used instead of displaying source code:
-
-@example
-^Z^Zsource @var{filename}:@var{line}:@var{character}:@var{middle}:@var{addr}
-@end example
-
-where @var{filename} is an absolute file name indicating which source
-file, @var{line} is the line number within that file (where 1 is the
-first line in the file), @var{character} is the character position
-within the file (where 0 is the first character in the file) (for most
-debug formats this will necessarily point to the beginning of a line),
-@var{middle} is @samp{middle} if @var{addr} is in the middle of the
-line, or @samp{beg} if @var{addr} is at the beginning of the line, and
-@var{addr} is the address in the target program associated with the
-source which is being displayed. @var{addr} is in the form @samp{0x}
-followed by one or more lowercase hex digits (note that this does not
-depend on the language).
-
-@node TODO
-@chapter Annotations We Might Want in the Future
-
-@format
- - target-invalid
- the target might have changed (registers, heap contents, or
- execution status). For performance, we might eventually want
- to hit `registers-invalid' and `all-registers-invalid' with
- greater precision
-
- - systematic annotation for set/show parameters (including
- invalidation notices).
-
- - similarly, `info' returns a list of candidates for invalidation
- notices.
-@end format
-
-@node Index
-@unnumbered Index
-
-@printindex fn
-
-@bye
diff --git a/gdb/doc/configure b/gdb/doc/configure
deleted file mode 100755
index 8c5591c..0000000
--- a/gdb/doc/configure
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,862 +0,0 @@
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-# gives unlimited permission to copy, distribute and modify it.
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-fi
- if test "${ac_cv_path_install+set}" = set; then
- INSTALL="$ac_cv_path_install"
- else
- # As a last resort, use the slow shell script. We don't cache a
- # path for INSTALL within a source directory, because that will
- # break other packages using the cache if that directory is
- # removed, or if the path is relative.
- INSTALL="$ac_install_sh"
- fi
-fi
-echo "$ac_t""$INSTALL" 1>&6
-
-# Use test -z because SunOS4 sh mishandles braces in ${var-val}.
-# It thinks the first close brace ends the variable substitution.
-test -z "$INSTALL_PROGRAM" && INSTALL_PROGRAM='${INSTALL}'
-
-test -z "$INSTALL_DATA" && INSTALL_DATA='${INSTALL} -m 644'
-
-trap '' 1 2 15
-cat > confcache <<\EOF
-# This file is a shell script that caches the results of configure
-# tests run on this system so they can be shared between configure
-# scripts and configure runs. It is not useful on other systems.
-# If it contains results you don't want to keep, you may remove or edit it.
-#
-# By default, configure uses ./config.cache as the cache file,
-# creating it if it does not exist already. You can give configure
-# the --cache-file=FILE option to use a different cache file; that is
-# what configure does when it calls configure scripts in
-# subdirectories, so they share the cache.
-# Giving --cache-file=/dev/null disables caching, for debugging configure.
-# config.status only pays attention to the cache file if you give it the
-# --recheck option to rerun configure.
-#
-EOF
-# The following way of writing the cache mishandles newlines in values,
-# but we know of no workaround that is simple, portable, and efficient.
-# So, don't put newlines in cache variables' values.
-# Ultrix sh set writes to stderr and can't be redirected directly,
-# and sets the high bit in the cache file unless we assign to the vars.
-(set) 2>&1 |
- case `(ac_space=' '; set) 2>&1 | grep ac_space` in
- *ac_space=\ *)
- # `set' does not quote correctly, so add quotes (double-quote substitution
- # turns \\\\ into \\, and sed turns \\ into \).
- sed -n \
- -e "s/'/'\\\\''/g" \
- -e "s/^\\([a-zA-Z0-9_]*_cv_[a-zA-Z0-9_]*\\)=\\(.*\\)/\\1=\${\\1='\\2'}/p"
- ;;
- *)
- # `set' quotes correctly as required by POSIX, so do not add quotes.
- sed -n -e 's/^\([a-zA-Z0-9_]*_cv_[a-zA-Z0-9_]*\)=\(.*\)/\1=${\1=\2}/p'
- ;;
- esac >> confcache
-if cmp -s $cache_file confcache; then
- :
-else
- if test -w $cache_file; then
- echo "updating cache $cache_file"
- cat confcache > $cache_file
- else
- echo "not updating unwritable cache $cache_file"
- fi
-fi
-rm -f confcache
-
-trap 'rm -fr conftest* confdefs* core core.* *.core $ac_clean_files; exit 1' 1 2 15
-
-test "x$prefix" = xNONE && prefix=$ac_default_prefix
-# Let make expand exec_prefix.
-test "x$exec_prefix" = xNONE && exec_prefix='${prefix}'
-
-# Any assignment to VPATH causes Sun make to only execute
-# the first set of double-colon rules, so remove it if not needed.
-# If there is a colon in the path, we need to keep it.
-if test "x$srcdir" = x.; then
- ac_vpsub='/^[ ]*VPATH[ ]*=[^:]*$/d'
-fi
-
-trap 'rm -f $CONFIG_STATUS conftest*; exit 1' 1 2 15
-
-# Transform confdefs.h into DEFS.
-# Protect against shell expansion while executing Makefile rules.
-# Protect against Makefile macro expansion.
-cat > conftest.defs <<\EOF
-s%#define \([A-Za-z_][A-Za-z0-9_]*\) *\(.*\)%-D\1=\2%g
-s%[ `~#$^&*(){}\\|;'"<>?]%\\&%g
-s%\[%\\&%g
-s%\]%\\&%g
-s%\$%$$%g
-EOF
-DEFS=`sed -f conftest.defs confdefs.h | tr '\012' ' '`
-rm -f conftest.defs
-
-
-# Without the "./", some shells look in PATH for config.status.
-: ${CONFIG_STATUS=./config.status}
-
-echo creating $CONFIG_STATUS
-rm -f $CONFIG_STATUS
-cat > $CONFIG_STATUS <<EOF
-#! /bin/sh
-# Generated automatically by configure.
-# Run this file to recreate the current configuration.
-# This directory was configured as follows,
-# on host `(hostname || uname -n) 2>/dev/null | sed 1q`:
-#
-# $0 $ac_configure_args
-#
-# Compiler output produced by configure, useful for debugging
-# configure, is in ./config.log if it exists.
-
-ac_cs_usage="Usage: $CONFIG_STATUS [--recheck] [--version] [--help]"
-for ac_option
-do
- case "\$ac_option" in
- -recheck | --recheck | --rechec | --reche | --rech | --rec | --re | --r)
- echo "running \${CONFIG_SHELL-/bin/sh} $0 $ac_configure_args --no-create --no-recursion"
- exec \${CONFIG_SHELL-/bin/sh} $0 $ac_configure_args --no-create --no-recursion ;;
- -version | --version | --versio | --versi | --vers | --ver | --ve | --v)
- echo "$CONFIG_STATUS generated by autoconf version 2.12.2"
- exit 0 ;;
- -help | --help | --hel | --he | --h)
- echo "\$ac_cs_usage"; exit 0 ;;
- *) echo "\$ac_cs_usage"; exit 1 ;;
- esac
-done
-
-ac_given_srcdir=$srcdir
-ac_given_INSTALL="$INSTALL"
-
-trap 'rm -fr `echo "Makefile" | sed "s/:[^ ]*//g"` conftest*; exit 1' 1 2 15
-EOF
-cat >> $CONFIG_STATUS <<EOF
-
-# Protect against being on the right side of a sed subst in config.status.
-sed 's/%@/@@/; s/@%/@@/; s/%g\$/@g/; /@g\$/s/[\\\\&%]/\\\\&/g;
- s/@@/%@/; s/@@/@%/; s/@g\$/%g/' > conftest.subs <<\\CEOF
-$ac_vpsub
-$extrasub
-s%@SHELL@%$SHELL%g
-s%@CFLAGS@%$CFLAGS%g
-s%@CPPFLAGS@%$CPPFLAGS%g
-s%@CXXFLAGS@%$CXXFLAGS%g
-s%@DEFS@%$DEFS%g
-s%@LDFLAGS@%$LDFLAGS%g
-s%@LIBS@%$LIBS%g
-s%@exec_prefix@%$exec_prefix%g
-s%@prefix@%$prefix%g
-s%@program_transform_name@%$program_transform_name%g
-s%@bindir@%$bindir%g
-s%@sbindir@%$sbindir%g
-s%@libexecdir@%$libexecdir%g
-s%@datadir@%$datadir%g
-s%@sysconfdir@%$sysconfdir%g
-s%@sharedstatedir@%$sharedstatedir%g
-s%@localstatedir@%$localstatedir%g
-s%@libdir@%$libdir%g
-s%@includedir@%$includedir%g
-s%@oldincludedir@%$oldincludedir%g
-s%@infodir@%$infodir%g
-s%@mandir@%$mandir%g
-s%@INSTALL_PROGRAM@%$INSTALL_PROGRAM%g
-s%@INSTALL_DATA@%$INSTALL_DATA%g
-
-CEOF
-EOF
-
-cat >> $CONFIG_STATUS <<\EOF
-
-# Split the substitutions into bite-sized pieces for seds with
-# small command number limits, like on Digital OSF/1 and HP-UX.
-ac_max_sed_cmds=90 # Maximum number of lines to put in a sed script.
-ac_file=1 # Number of current file.
-ac_beg=1 # First line for current file.
-ac_end=$ac_max_sed_cmds # Line after last line for current file.
-ac_more_lines=:
-ac_sed_cmds=""
-while $ac_more_lines; do
- if test $ac_beg -gt 1; then
- sed "1,${ac_beg}d; ${ac_end}q" conftest.subs > conftest.s$ac_file
- else
- sed "${ac_end}q" conftest.subs > conftest.s$ac_file
- fi
- if test ! -s conftest.s$ac_file; then
- ac_more_lines=false
- rm -f conftest.s$ac_file
- else
- if test -z "$ac_sed_cmds"; then
- ac_sed_cmds="sed -f conftest.s$ac_file"
- else
- ac_sed_cmds="$ac_sed_cmds | sed -f conftest.s$ac_file"
- fi
- ac_file=`expr $ac_file + 1`
- ac_beg=$ac_end
- ac_end=`expr $ac_end + $ac_max_sed_cmds`
- fi
-done
-if test -z "$ac_sed_cmds"; then
- ac_sed_cmds=cat
-fi
-EOF
-
-cat >> $CONFIG_STATUS <<EOF
-
-CONFIG_FILES=\${CONFIG_FILES-"Makefile"}
-EOF
-cat >> $CONFIG_STATUS <<\EOF
-for ac_file in .. $CONFIG_FILES; do if test "x$ac_file" != x..; then
- # Support "outfile[:infile[:infile...]]", defaulting infile="outfile.in".
- case "$ac_file" in
- *:*) ac_file_in=`echo "$ac_file"|sed 's%[^:]*:%%'`
- ac_file=`echo "$ac_file"|sed 's%:.*%%'` ;;
- *) ac_file_in="${ac_file}.in" ;;
- esac
-
- # Adjust a relative srcdir, top_srcdir, and INSTALL for subdirectories.
-
- # Remove last slash and all that follows it. Not all systems have dirname.
- ac_dir=`echo $ac_file|sed 's%/[^/][^/]*$%%'`
- if test "$ac_dir" != "$ac_file" && test "$ac_dir" != .; then
- # The file is in a subdirectory.
- test ! -d "$ac_dir" && mkdir "$ac_dir"
- ac_dir_suffix="/`echo $ac_dir|sed 's%^\./%%'`"
- # A "../" for each directory in $ac_dir_suffix.
- ac_dots=`echo $ac_dir_suffix|sed 's%/[^/]*%../%g'`
- else
- ac_dir_suffix= ac_dots=
- fi
-
- case "$ac_given_srcdir" in
- .) srcdir=.
- if test -z "$ac_dots"; then top_srcdir=.
- else top_srcdir=`echo $ac_dots|sed 's%/$%%'`; fi ;;
- /*) srcdir="$ac_given_srcdir$ac_dir_suffix"; top_srcdir="$ac_given_srcdir" ;;
- *) # Relative path.
- srcdir="$ac_dots$ac_given_srcdir$ac_dir_suffix"
- top_srcdir="$ac_dots$ac_given_srcdir" ;;
- esac
-
- case "$ac_given_INSTALL" in
- [/$]*) INSTALL="$ac_given_INSTALL" ;;
- *) INSTALL="$ac_dots$ac_given_INSTALL" ;;
- esac
-
- echo creating "$ac_file"
- rm -f "$ac_file"
- configure_input="Generated automatically from `echo $ac_file_in|sed 's%.*/%%'` by configure."
- case "$ac_file" in
- *Makefile*) ac_comsub="1i\\
-# $configure_input" ;;
- *) ac_comsub= ;;
- esac
-
- ac_file_inputs=`echo $ac_file_in|sed -e "s%^%$ac_given_srcdir/%" -e "s%:% $ac_given_srcdir/%g"`
- sed -e "$ac_comsub
-s%@configure_input@%$configure_input%g
-s%@srcdir@%$srcdir%g
-s%@top_srcdir@%$top_srcdir%g
-s%@INSTALL@%$INSTALL%g
-" $ac_file_inputs | (eval "$ac_sed_cmds") > $ac_file
-fi; done
-rm -f conftest.s*
-
-EOF
-cat >> $CONFIG_STATUS <<EOF
-
-EOF
-cat >> $CONFIG_STATUS <<\EOF
-
-exit 0
-EOF
-chmod +x $CONFIG_STATUS
-rm -fr confdefs* $ac_clean_files
-test "$no_create" = yes || ${CONFIG_SHELL-/bin/sh} $CONFIG_STATUS || exit 1
-
diff --git a/gdb/doc/configure.in b/gdb/doc/configure.in
deleted file mode 100644
index 460efc2..0000000
--- a/gdb/doc/configure.in
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,4 +0,0 @@
-AC_PREREQ(2.12.1)
-AC_INIT(refcard.tex)
-AC_PROG_INSTALL
-AC_OUTPUT(Makefile)
diff --git a/gdb/doc/gdb-all.texi b/gdb/doc/gdb-all.texi
deleted file mode 100755
index e69de29..0000000
--- a/gdb/doc/gdb-all.texi
+++ /dev/null
diff --git a/gdb/doc/gdb-config.texi b/gdb/doc/gdb-config.texi
deleted file mode 100644
index e69de29..0000000
--- a/gdb/doc/gdb-config.texi
+++ /dev/null
diff --git a/gdb/doc/gdb.alter-m4 b/gdb/doc/gdb.alter-m4
deleted file mode 100755
index e69de29..0000000
--- a/gdb/doc/gdb.alter-m4
+++ /dev/null
diff --git a/gdb/doc/gdb.bugs-m4 b/gdb/doc/gdb.bugs-m4
deleted file mode 100755
index e69de29..0000000
--- a/gdb/doc/gdb.bugs-m4
+++ /dev/null
diff --git a/gdb/doc/gdb.canned-m4 b/gdb/doc/gdb.canned-m4
deleted file mode 100755
index e69de29..0000000
--- a/gdb/doc/gdb.canned-m4
+++ /dev/null
diff --git a/gdb/doc/gdb.cmds-m4 b/gdb/doc/gdb.cmds-m4
deleted file mode 100755
index e69de29..0000000
--- a/gdb/doc/gdb.cmds-m4
+++ /dev/null
diff --git a/gdb/doc/gdb.ctl-m4 b/gdb/doc/gdb.ctl-m4
deleted file mode 100755
index e69de29..0000000
--- a/gdb/doc/gdb.ctl-m4
+++ /dev/null
diff --git a/gdb/doc/gdb.data-m4 b/gdb/doc/gdb.data-m4
deleted file mode 100755
index e69de29..0000000
--- a/gdb/doc/gdb.data-m4
+++ /dev/null
diff --git a/gdb/doc/gdb.emacs-m4 b/gdb/doc/gdb.emacs-m4
deleted file mode 100755
index e69de29..0000000
--- a/gdb/doc/gdb.emacs-m4
+++ /dev/null
diff --git a/gdb/doc/gdb.files-m4 b/gdb/doc/gdb.files-m4
deleted file mode 100755
index e69de29..0000000
--- a/gdb/doc/gdb.files-m4
+++ /dev/null
diff --git a/gdb/doc/gdb.gpl-m4 b/gdb/doc/gdb.gpl-m4
deleted file mode 100755
index e69de29..0000000
--- a/gdb/doc/gdb.gpl-m4
+++ /dev/null
diff --git a/gdb/doc/gdb.install-m4 b/gdb/doc/gdb.install-m4
deleted file mode 100755
index e69de29..0000000
--- a/gdb/doc/gdb.install-m4
+++ /dev/null
diff --git a/gdb/doc/gdb.invoc-m4 b/gdb/doc/gdb.invoc-m4
deleted file mode 100755
index e69de29..0000000
--- a/gdb/doc/gdb.invoc-m4
+++ /dev/null
diff --git a/gdb/doc/gdb.rdln-m4 b/gdb/doc/gdb.rdln-m4
deleted file mode 100755
index e69de29..0000000
--- a/gdb/doc/gdb.rdln-m4
+++ /dev/null
diff --git a/gdb/doc/gdb.rename-m4 b/gdb/doc/gdb.rename-m4
deleted file mode 100755
index e69de29..0000000
--- a/gdb/doc/gdb.rename-m4
+++ /dev/null
diff --git a/gdb/doc/gdb.run-m4 b/gdb/doc/gdb.run-m4
deleted file mode 100755
index e69de29..0000000
--- a/gdb/doc/gdb.run-m4
+++ /dev/null
diff --git a/gdb/doc/gdb.sample-m4 b/gdb/doc/gdb.sample-m4
deleted file mode 100755
index e69de29..0000000
--- a/gdb/doc/gdb.sample-m4
+++ /dev/null
diff --git a/gdb/doc/gdb.src-m4 b/gdb/doc/gdb.src-m4
deleted file mode 100755
index e69de29..0000000
--- a/gdb/doc/gdb.src-m4
+++ /dev/null
diff --git a/gdb/doc/gdb.stack-m4 b/gdb/doc/gdb.stack-m4
deleted file mode 100755
index e69de29..0000000
--- a/gdb/doc/gdb.stack-m4
+++ /dev/null
diff --git a/gdb/doc/gdb.stop-m4 b/gdb/doc/gdb.stop-m4
deleted file mode 100755
index e69de29..0000000
--- a/gdb/doc/gdb.stop-m4
+++ /dev/null
diff --git a/gdb/doc/gdb.symb-m4 b/gdb/doc/gdb.symb-m4
deleted file mode 100755
index e69de29..0000000
--- a/gdb/doc/gdb.symb-m4
+++ /dev/null
diff --git a/gdb/doc/gdb.texinfo b/gdb/doc/gdb.texinfo
deleted file mode 100644
index fc920bb..0000000
--- a/gdb/doc/gdb.texinfo
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,10316 +0,0 @@
-\input texinfo @c -*-texinfo-*-
-@c Copyright 1988-1999
-@c Free Software Foundation, Inc.
-@c
-@c %**start of header
-@c makeinfo ignores cmds prev to setfilename, so its arg cannot make use
-@c of @set vars. However, you can override filename with makeinfo -o.
-@setfilename gdb.info
-@c
-@include gdb-cfg.texi
-@c
-@ifset GENERIC
-@settitle Debugging with @value{GDBN}
-@end ifset
-@ifclear GENERIC
-@settitle Debugging with @value{GDBN} (@value{TARGET})
-@end ifclear
-@setchapternewpage odd
-@c %**end of header
-
-@iftex
-@c @smallbook
-@c @cropmarks
-@end iftex
-
-@finalout
-@syncodeindex ky cp
-
-@c readline appendices use @vindex
-@syncodeindex vr cp
-
-@c !!set GDB manual's edition---not the same as GDB version!
-@set EDITION Seventh
-
-@c !!set GDB manual's revision date
-@set DATE February 1999
-
-@c THIS MANUAL REQUIRES TEXINFO-2 macros and info-makers to format properly.
-
-@ifinfo
-@c This is a dir.info fragment to support semi-automated addition of
-@c manuals to an info tree. zoo@cygnus.com is developing this facility.
-@format
-START-INFO-DIR-ENTRY
-* Gdb: (gdb). The @sc{gnu} debugger.
-END-INFO-DIR-ENTRY
-@end format
-@end ifinfo
-@c
-@c
-@ifinfo
-This file documents the @sc{gnu} debugger @value{GDBN}.
-
-
-This is the @value{EDITION} Edition, @value{DATE},
-of @cite{Debugging with @value{GDBN}: the @sc{gnu} Source-Level Debugger}
-for @value{GDBN} Version @value{GDBVN}.
-
-Copyright (C) 1988-1999 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
-
-Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of
-this manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice
-are preserved on all copies.
-
-@ignore
-Permission is granted to process this file through TeX and print the
-results, provided the printed document carries copying permission
-notice identical to this one except for the removal of this paragraph
-(this paragraph not being relevant to the printed manual).
-
-@end ignore
-Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified versions of this
-manual under the conditions for verbatim copying, provided also that the
-entire resulting derived work is distributed under the terms of a
-permission notice identical to this one.
-
-Permission is granted to copy and distribute translations of this manual
-into another language, under the above conditions for modified versions.
-@end ifinfo
-
-@titlepage
-@title Debugging with @value{GDBN}
-@subtitle The @sc{gnu} Source-Level Debugger
-@ifclear GENERIC
-@subtitle (@value{TARGET})
-@end ifclear
-@sp 1
-@ifclear HPPA
-@subtitle @value{EDITION} Edition, for @value{GDBN} version @value{GDBVN}
-@subtitle @value{DATE}
-@author Richard M. Stallman and Roland H. Pesch
-@end ifclear
-@ifset HPPA
-@subtitle Edition @value{EDITION}, for @value{HPVER} (based on @value{GDBN} @value{GDBVN})
-@subtitle @value{DATE}
-@author Richard M. Stallman and Roland H. Pesch (modified by HP)
-@end ifset
-@page
-@ifclear HPPA
-@tex
-{\parskip=0pt
-\hfill (Send bugs and comments on @value{GDBN} to bug-gdb\@prep.ai.mit.edu.)\par
-\hfill {\it Debugging with @value{GDBN}}\par
-\hfill \TeX{}info \texinfoversion\par
-}
-@end tex
-@end ifclear
-@ifset HPPA
-@tex
-{\parskip=0pt
-\hfill {\it Debugging with @value{GDBN}}\par
-\hfill \TeX{}info \texinfoversion\par
-}
-@end tex
-@end ifset
-
-@vskip 0pt plus 1filll
-Copyright @copyright{} 1988-1999 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
-@sp 2
-@ifclear HPPA
-Published by the Free Software Foundation @*
-59 Temple Place - Suite 330, @*
-Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA @*
-Printed copies are available for $20 each. @*
-ISBN 1-882114-11-6 @*
-@end ifclear
-
-Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of
-this manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice
-are preserved on all copies.
-
-Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified versions of this
-manual under the conditions for verbatim copying, provided also that the
-entire resulting derived work is distributed under the terms of a
-permission notice identical to this one.
-
-Permission is granted to copy and distribute translations of this manual
-into another language, under the above conditions for modified versions.
-@end titlepage
-@page
-
-@ifinfo
-@node Top, Summary, (dir), (dir)
-@top Debugging with @value{GDBN}
-
-This file describes @value{GDBN}, the @sc{gnu} symbolic debugger.
-
-This is the @value{EDITION} Edition, @value{DATE}, for @value{GDBN} Version
-@value{GDBVN}.
-
-Copyright (C) 1988-1999 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
-@menu
-* Summary:: Summary of @value{GDBN}
-@ifclear BARETARGET
-* Sample Session:: A sample @value{GDBN} session
-@end ifclear
-
-* Invocation:: Getting in and out of @value{GDBN}
-* Commands:: @value{GDBN} commands
-* Running:: Running programs under @value{GDBN}
-* Stopping:: Stopping and continuing
-* Stack:: Examining the stack
-* Source:: Examining source files
-* Data:: Examining data
-@ifclear CONLY
-* Languages:: Using @value{GDBN} with different languages
-@end ifclear
-
-@ifset CONLY
-* C:: C language support
-@end ifset
-
-* Symbols:: Examining the symbol table
-* Altering:: Altering execution
-* GDB Files:: @value{GDBN} files
-* Targets:: Specifying a debugging target
-* Controlling GDB:: Controlling @value{GDBN}
-* Sequences:: Canned sequences of commands
-@ifclear DOSHOST
-* Emacs:: Using @value{GDBN} under @sc{gnu} Emacs
-@end ifclear
-
-* GDB Bugs:: Reporting bugs in @value{GDBN}
-
-@ifclear PRECONFIGURED
-@ifclear HPPA
-* Formatting Documentation:: How to format and print @value{GDBN} documentation
-@end ifclear
-
-@end ifclear
-
-* Command Line Editing:: Command Line Editing
-* Using History Interactively:: Using History Interactively
-* Installing GDB:: Installing GDB
-* Index:: Index
-
- --- The Detailed Node Listing ---
-
-Summary of @value{GDBN}
-
-* Free Software:: Freely redistributable software
-* Contributors:: Contributors to GDB
-
-Getting In and Out of @value{GDBN}
-
-* Invoking GDB:: How to start @value{GDBN}
-* Quitting GDB:: How to quit @value{GDBN}
-* Shell Commands:: How to use shell commands inside @value{GDBN}
-
-Invoking @value{GDBN}
-
-* File Options:: Choosing files
-* Mode Options:: Choosing modes
-
-@value{GDBN} Commands
-
-* Command Syntax:: How to give commands to @value{GDBN}
-* Completion:: Command completion
-* Help:: How to ask @value{GDBN} for help
-
-Running Programs Under @value{GDBN}
-
-* Compilation:: Compiling for debugging
-* Starting:: Starting your program
-@ifclear BARETARGET
-* Arguments:: Your program's arguments
-* Environment:: Your program's environment
-@end ifclear
-
-* Working Directory:: Your program's working directory
-* Input/Output:: Your program's input and output
-* Attach:: Debugging an already-running process
-* Kill Process:: Killing the child process
-@ifclear HPPA
-* Process Information:: Additional process information
-@end ifclear
-
-* Threads:: Debugging programs with multiple threads
-* Processes:: Debugging programs with multiple processes
-
-Stopping and Continuing
-
-* Breakpoints:: Breakpoints, watchpoints, and catchpoints
-* Continuing and Stepping:: Resuming execution
-@ifset POSIX
-* Signals:: Signals
-@end ifset
-@ifclear BARETARGET
-* Thread Stops:: Stopping and starting multi-thread programs
-@end ifclear
-
-Breakpoints and watchpoints
-
-* Set Breaks:: Setting breakpoints
-* Set Watchpoints:: Setting watchpoints
-* Set Catchpoints:: Setting catchpoints
-* Delete Breaks:: Deleting breakpoints
-* Disabling:: Disabling breakpoints
-* Conditions:: Break conditions
-* Break Commands:: Breakpoint command lists
-@ifclear CONLY
-* Breakpoint Menus:: Breakpoint menus
-@end ifclear
-
-Examining the Stack
-
-* Frames:: Stack frames
-* Backtrace:: Backtraces
-* Selection:: Selecting a frame
-* Frame Info:: Information on a frame
-* Alpha/MIPS Stack:: Alpha and MIPS machines and the function stack
-
-Examining Source Files
-
-* List:: Printing source lines
-@ifclear DOSHOST
-* Search:: Searching source files
-@end ifclear
-* Source Path:: Specifying source directories
-* Machine Code:: Source and machine code
-
-Examining Data
-
-* Expressions:: Expressions
-* Variables:: Program variables
-* Arrays:: Artificial arrays
-* Output Formats:: Output formats
-* Memory:: Examining memory
-* Auto Display:: Automatic display
-* Print Settings:: Print settings
-* Value History:: Value history
-* Convenience Vars:: Convenience variables
-* Registers:: Registers
-@ifclear HAVE-FLOAT
-* Floating Point Hardware:: Floating point hardware
-@end ifclear
-
-Using @value{GDBN} with Different Languages
-
-* Setting:: Switching between source languages
-* Show:: Displaying the language
-@ifset MOD2
-* Checks:: Type and range checks
-@end ifset
-
-* Support:: Supported languages
-
-Switching between source languages
-
-* Filenames:: Filename extensions and languages.
-* Manually:: Setting the working language manually
-* Automatically:: Having @value{GDBN} infer the source language
-
-@ifset MOD2
-Type and range checking
-
-* Type Checking:: An overview of type checking
-* Range Checking:: An overview of range checking
-@end ifset
-
-Supported languages
-
-@ifset MOD2
-* C:: C and C++
-
-C Language Support
-
-* C Operators:: C operators
-
-C Language Support
-@end ifset
-
-* C Operators:: C and C++ operators
-* C Constants:: C and C++ constants
-* Cplus expressions:: C++ expressions
-* C Defaults:: Default settings for C and C++
-@ifset MOD2
-* C Checks:: C and C++ type and range checks
-@end ifset
-* Debugging C:: @value{GDBN} and C
-* Debugging C plus plus:: @value{GDBN} features for C++
-
-@ifset MOD2
-Modula-2
-
-* M2 Operators:: Built-in operators
-* Built-In Func/Proc:: Built-in functions and procedures
-* M2 Constants:: Modula-2 constants
-* M2 Defaults:: Default settings for Modula-2
-* Deviations:: Deviations from standard Modula-2
-* M2 Checks:: Modula-2 type and range checks
-* M2 Scope:: The scope operators @code{::} and @code{.}
-* GDB/M2:: @value{GDBN} and Modula-2
-@end ifset
-
-Altering Execution
-
-* Assignment:: Assignment to variables
-* Jumping:: Continuing at a different address
-@ifclear BARETARGET
-* Signaling:: Giving your program a signal
-@end ifclear
-* Returning:: Returning from a function
-* Calling:: Calling your program's functions
-* Patching:: Patching your program
-
-@value{GDBN} Files
-
-* Files:: Commands to specify files
-* Symbol Errors:: Errors reading symbol files
-
-Specifying a Debugging Target
-
-* Active Targets:: Active targets
-* Target Commands:: Commands for managing targets
-@ifclear HPPA
-* Byte Order:: Choosing target byte order
-* Remote:: Remote debugging
-
-Remote debugging
-@end ifclear
-
-@ifset REMOTESTUB
-* Remote Serial:: @value{GDBN} remote serial protocol
-@end ifset
-
-@ifset I960
-* i960-Nindy Remote:: @value{GDBN} with a remote i960 (Nindy)
-@end ifset
-
-@ifset AMD29K
-* UDI29K Remote:: The UDI protocol for AMD29K
-* EB29K Remote:: The EBMON protocol for AMD29K
-@end ifset
-
-@ifset VXWORKS
-* VxWorks Remote:: @value{GDBN} and VxWorks
-@end ifset
-
-@ifset ST2000
-* ST2000 Remote:: @value{GDBN} with a Tandem ST2000
-@end ifset
-
-@ifset H8
-* Hitachi Remote:: @value{GDBN} and Hitachi Microprocessors
-@end ifset
-
-@ifset MIPS
-* MIPS Remote:: @value{GDBN} and MIPS boards
-@end ifset
-
-@ifset SIMS
-* Simulator:: Simulated CPU target
-@end ifset
-
-Controlling @value{GDBN}
-
-* Prompt:: Prompt
-* Editing:: Command editing
-* History:: Command history
-* Screen Size:: Screen size
-* Numbers:: Numbers
-* Messages/Warnings:: Optional warnings and messages
-
-Canned Sequences of Commands
-
-* Define:: User-defined commands
-* Hooks:: User-defined command hooks
-* Command Files:: Command files
-* Output:: Commands for controlled output
-
-Reporting Bugs in @value{GDBN}
-
-* Bug Criteria:: Have you found a bug?
-* Bug Reporting:: How to report bugs
-
-Installing @value{GDBN}
-
-* Separate Objdir:: Compiling @value{GDBN} in another directory
-* Config Names:: Specifying names for hosts and targets
-* Configure Options:: Summary of options for configure
-@end menu
-
-@end ifinfo
-
-@node Summary, Sample Session, Top, Top
-@unnumbered Summary of @value{GDBN}
-
-The purpose of a debugger such as @value{GDBN} is to allow you to see what is
-going on ``inside'' another program while it executes---or what another
-program was doing at the moment it crashed.
-
-@value{GDBN} can do four main kinds of things (plus other things in support of
-these) to help you catch bugs in the act:
-
-@itemize @bullet
-@item
-Start your program, specifying anything that might affect its behavior.
-
-@item
-Make your program stop on specified conditions.
-
-@item
-Examine what has happened, when your program has stopped.
-
-@item
-Change things in your program, so you can experiment with correcting the
-effects of one bug and go on to learn about another.
-@end itemize
-
-@ifclear CONLY
-You can use @value{GDBN} to debug programs written in C or C++.
-@c "MOD2" used as a "miscellaneous languages" flag here.
-@c This is acceptable while there is no real doc for Chill and Pascal.
-@ifclear MOD2
-For more information, see @ref{Support,,Supported languages}.
-@end ifclear
-@ifset MOD2
-For more information, see @ref{C,,C and C++}.
-
-Support for Modula-2 and Chill is partial. For information on Modula-2,
-see @ref{Modula-2,,Modula-2}. There is no further documentation on Chill yet.
-
-Debugging Pascal programs which use sets, subranges, file variables, or nested
-functions does not currently work. @value{GDBN} does not support
-entering expressions, printing values, or similar features using Pascal syntax.
-@end ifset
-
-@ifset FORTRAN
-@cindex Fortran
-@value{GDBN} can be used to debug programs written in Fortran, although
-it does not yet support entering expressions, printing values, or
-similar features using Fortran syntax. It may be necessary to refer to
-some variables with a trailing underscore.
-@end ifset
-@end ifclear
-
-@ifset HPPA
-This version of the manual documents HP Wildebeest (WDB) Version 0.75,
-implemented on HP 9000 systems running Release 10.20, 10.30, or 11.0 of
-the HP-UX operating system. HP WDB 0.75 can be used to debug code
-generated by the HP ANSI C and HP ANSI C++ compilers as well as the
-@sc{gnu} C and C++ compilers. It does not support the debugging of
-Fortran, Modula-2, or Chill programs.
-@end ifset
-
-@menu
-* Free Software:: Freely redistributable software
-* Contributors:: Contributors to GDB
-@end menu
-
-@node Free Software, Contributors, Summary, Summary
-@unnumberedsec Free software
-
-@value{GDBN} is @dfn{free software}, protected by the @sc{gnu}
-General Public License
-(GPL). The GPL gives you the freedom to copy or adapt a licensed
-program---but every person getting a copy also gets with it the
-freedom to modify that copy (which means that they must get access to
-the source code), and the freedom to distribute further copies.
-Typical software companies use copyrights to limit your freedoms; the
-Free Software Foundation uses the GPL to preserve these freedoms.
-
-Fundamentally, the General Public License is a license which says that
-you have these freedoms and that you cannot take these freedoms away
-from anyone else.
-
-@node Contributors, , Free Software, Summary
-@unnumberedsec Contributors to GDB
-
-Richard Stallman was the original author of GDB, and of many other
-@sc{gnu} programs. Many others have contributed to its development.
-This section attempts to credit major contributors. One of the virtues
-of free software is that everyone is free to contribute to it; with
-regret, we cannot actually acknowledge everyone here. The file
-@file{ChangeLog} in the @value{GDBN} distribution approximates a
-blow-by-blow account.
-
-Changes much prior to version 2.0 are lost in the mists of time.
-
-@quotation
-@emph{Plea:} Additions to this section are particularly welcome. If you
-or your friends (or enemies, to be evenhanded) have been unfairly
-omitted from this list, we would like to add your names!
-@end quotation
-
-So that they may not regard their many labors as thankless, we
-particularly thank those who shepherded @value{GDBN} through major
-releases:
-Jim Blandy (release 4.18);
-Jason Molenda (release 4.17);
-Stan Shebs (release 4.14);
-Fred Fish (releases 4.16, 4.15, 4.13, 4.12, 4.11, 4.10, and 4.9);
-Stu Grossman and John Gilmore (releases 4.8, 4.7, 4.6, 4.5, and 4.4);
-John Gilmore (releases 4.3, 4.2, 4.1, 4.0, and 3.9);
-Jim Kingdon (releases 3.5, 3.4, and 3.3);
-and Randy Smith (releases 3.2, 3.1, and 3.0).
-
-Richard Stallman, assisted at various times by Peter TerMaat, Chris
-Hanson, and Richard Mlynarik, handled releases through 2.8.
-
-@ifclear CONLY
-Michael Tiemann is the author of most of the @sc{gnu} C++ support in GDB,
-with significant additional contributions from Per Bothner. James
-Clark wrote the @sc{gnu} C++ demangler. Early work on C++ was by Peter
-TerMaat (who also did much general update work leading to release 3.0).
-@end ifclear
-
-@value{GDBN} 4 uses the BFD subroutine library to examine multiple
-object-file formats; BFD was a joint project of David V.
-Henkel-Wallace, Rich Pixley, Steve Chamberlain, and John Gilmore.
-
-David Johnson wrote the original COFF support; Pace Willison did
-the original support for encapsulated COFF.
-
-Brent Benson of Harris Computer Systems contributed DWARF 2 support.
-
-Adam de Boor and Bradley Davis contributed the ISI Optimum V support.
-Per Bothner, Noboyuki Hikichi, and Alessandro Forin contributed MIPS
-support.
-Jean-Daniel Fekete contributed Sun 386i support.
-Chris Hanson improved the HP9000 support.
-Noboyuki Hikichi and Tomoyuki Hasei contributed Sony/News OS 3 support.
-David Johnson contributed Encore Umax support.
-Jyrki Kuoppala contributed Altos 3068 support.
-Jeff Law contributed HP PA and SOM support.
-Keith Packard contributed NS32K support.
-Doug Rabson contributed Acorn Risc Machine support.
-Bob Rusk contributed Harris Nighthawk CX-UX support.
-Chris Smith contributed Convex support (and Fortran debugging).
-Jonathan Stone contributed Pyramid support.
-Michael Tiemann contributed SPARC support.
-Tim Tucker contributed support for the Gould NP1 and Gould Powernode.
-Pace Willison contributed Intel 386 support.
-Jay Vosburgh contributed Symmetry support.
-
-Andreas Schwab contributed M68K Linux support.
-
-Rich Schaefer and Peter Schauer helped with support of SunOS shared
-libraries.
-
-Jay Fenlason and Roland McGrath ensured that @value{GDBN} and GAS agree
-about several machine instruction sets.
-
-Patrick Duval, Ted Goldstein, Vikram Koka and Glenn Engel helped develop
-remote debugging. Intel Corporation, Wind River Systems, AMD, and ARM
-contributed remote debugging modules for the i960, VxWorks, A29K UDI,
-and RDI targets, respectively.
-
-Brian Fox is the author of the readline libraries providing
-command-line editing and command history.
-
-Andrew Beers of SUNY Buffalo wrote the language-switching code,
-@ifset MOD2
-the Modula-2 support,
-@end ifset
-and contributed the Languages chapter of this manual.
-
-Fred Fish wrote most of the support for Unix System Vr4.
-@ifclear CONLY
-He also enhanced the command-completion support to cover C++ overloaded
-symbols.
-@end ifclear
-
-Hitachi America, Ltd. sponsored the support for H8/300, H8/500, and
-Super-H processors.
-
-NEC sponsored the support for the v850, Vr4xxx, and Vr5xxx processors.
-
-Mitsubishi sponsored the support for D10V, D30V, and M32R/D processors.
-
-Toshiba sponsored the support for the TX39 Mips processor.
-
-Matsushita sponsored the support for the MN10200 and MN10300 processors.
-
-Fujitsu sponsored the support for SPARClite and FR30 processors
-
-Kung Hsu, Jeff Law, and Rick Sladkey added support for hardware
-watchpoints.
-
-Michael Snyder added support for tracepoints.
-
-Stu Grossman wrote gdbserver.
-
-Jim Kingdon, Peter Schauer, Ian Taylor, and Stu Grossman made
-nearly innumerable bug fixes and cleanups throughout GDB.
-
-The following people at the Hewlett-Packard Company contributed
-support for the PA-RISC 2.0 architecture, HP-UX 10.20, 10.30, and 11.0
-(narrow mode), HP's implementation of kernel threads, HP's aC++
-compiler, and the terminal user interface: Ben Krepp, Richard Title,
-John Bishop, Susan Macchia, Kathy Mann, Satish Pai, India Paul, Steve
-Rehrauer, and Elena Zannoni. Kim Haase provided HP-specific
-information in this manual.
-
-Cygnus Solutions has sponsored GDB maintenance and much of its
-development since 1991. Cygnus engineers who have worked on GDB
-fulltime include Mark Alexander, Jim Blandy, Per Bothner, Edith Epstein,
-Chris Faylor, Fred Fish, Martin Hunt, Jim Ingham, John Gilmore, Stu
-Grossman, Kung Hsu, Jim Kingdon, John Metzler, Fernando Nasser, Geoffrey
-Noer, Dawn Perchik, Rich Pixley, Zdenek Radouch, Keith Seitz, Stan
-Shebs, David Taylor, and Elena Zannoni. In addition, Dave Brolley, Ian
-Carmichael, Steve Chamberlain, Nick Clifton, JT Conklin, Stan Cox, DJ
-Delorie, Ulrich Drepper, Frank Eigler, Doug Evans, Sean Fagan, David
-Henkel-Wallace, Richard Henderson, Jeff Holcomb, Jeff Law, Jim Lemke,
-Tom Lord, Bob Manson, Michael Meissner, Jason Merrill, Catherine Moore,
-Drew Moseley, Ken Raeburn, Gavin Romig-Koch, Rob Savoye, Jamie Smith,
-Mike Stump, Ian Taylor, Angela Thomas, Michael Tiemann, Tom Tromey, Ron
-Unrau, Jim Wilson, and David Zuhn have made contributions both large
-and small.
-
-
-@ifclear BARETARGET
-@node Sample Session, Invocation, Summary, Top
-@chapter A Sample @value{GDBN} Session
-
-You can use this manual at your leisure to read all about @value{GDBN}.
-However, a handful of commands are enough to get started using the
-debugger. This chapter illustrates those commands.
-
-@iftex
-In this sample session, we emphasize user input like this: @b{input},
-to make it easier to pick out from the surrounding output.
-@end iftex
-
-@c FIXME: this example may not be appropriate for some configs, where
-@c FIXME...primary interest is in remote use.
-
-One of the preliminary versions of @sc{gnu} @code{m4} (a generic macro
-processor) exhibits the following bug: sometimes, when we change its
-quote strings from the default, the commands used to capture one macro
-definition within another stop working. In the following short @code{m4}
-session, we define a macro @code{foo} which expands to @code{0000}; we
-then use the @code{m4} built-in @code{defn} to define @code{bar} as the
-same thing. However, when we change the open quote string to
-@code{<QUOTE>} and the close quote string to @code{<UNQUOTE>}, the same
-procedure fails to define a new synonym @code{baz}:
-
-@smallexample
-$ @b{cd gnu/m4}
-$ @b{./m4}
-@b{define(foo,0000)}
-
-@b{foo}
-0000
-@b{define(bar,defn(`foo'))}
-
-@b{bar}
-0000
-@b{changequote(<QUOTE>,<UNQUOTE>)}
-
-@b{define(baz,defn(<QUOTE>foo<UNQUOTE>))}
-@b{baz}
-@b{C-d}
-m4: End of input: 0: fatal error: EOF in string
-@end smallexample
-
-@noindent
-Let us use @value{GDBN} to try to see what is going on.
-
-@ifclear HPPA
-@smallexample
-$ @b{@value{GDBP} m4}
-@c FIXME: this falsifies the exact text played out, to permit smallbook
-@c FIXME... format to come out better.
-@value{GDBN} is free software and you are welcome to distribute copies
- of it under certain conditions; type "show copying" to see
- the conditions.
-There is absolutely no warranty for @value{GDBN}; type "show warranty"
- for details.
-
-@value{GDBN} @value{GDBVN}, Copyright 1999 Free Software Foundation, Inc...
-(@value{GDBP})
-@end smallexample
-@end ifclear
-@ifset HPPA
-@smallexample
-$ @b{@value{GDBP} m4}
-Wildebeest is free software and you are welcome to distribute copies of
-it under certain conditions; type "show copying" to see the conditions.
-There is absolutely no warranty for Wildebeest; type "show warranty"
-for details.
-
-Hewlett-Packard Wildebeest 0.75 (based on GDB 4.16)
-(built for PA-RISC 1.1 or 2.0, HP-UX 10.20)
-Copyright 1996, 1997 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
-(@value{GDBP})
-@end smallexample
-@end ifset
-
-@noindent
-@value{GDBN} reads only enough symbol data to know where to find the
-rest when needed; as a result, the first prompt comes up very quickly.
-We now tell @value{GDBN} to use a narrower display width than usual, so
-that examples fit in this manual.
-
-@smallexample
-(@value{GDBP}) @b{set width 70}
-@end smallexample
-
-@noindent
-We need to see how the @code{m4} built-in @code{changequote} works.
-Having looked at the source, we know the relevant subroutine is
-@code{m4_changequote}, so we set a breakpoint there with the @value{GDBN}
-@code{break} command.
-
-@smallexample
-(@value{GDBP}) @b{break m4_changequote}
-Breakpoint 1 at 0x62f4: file builtin.c, line 879.
-@end smallexample
-
-@noindent
-Using the @code{run} command, we start @code{m4} running under @value{GDBN}
-control; as long as control does not reach the @code{m4_changequote}
-subroutine, the program runs as usual:
-
-@smallexample
-(@value{GDBP}) @b{run}
-Starting program: /work/Editorial/gdb/gnu/m4/m4
-@b{define(foo,0000)}
-
-@b{foo}
-0000
-@end smallexample
-
-@noindent
-To trigger the breakpoint, we call @code{changequote}. @value{GDBN}
-suspends execution of @code{m4}, displaying information about the
-context where it stops.
-
-@smallexample
-@b{changequote(<QUOTE>,<UNQUOTE>)}
-
-Breakpoint 1, m4_changequote (argc=3, argv=0x33c70)
- at builtin.c:879
-879 if (bad_argc(TOKEN_DATA_TEXT(argv[0]),argc,1,3))
-@end smallexample
-
-@noindent
-Now we use the command @code{n} (@code{next}) to advance execution to
-the next line of the current function.
-
-@smallexample
-(@value{GDBP}) @b{n}
-882 set_quotes((argc >= 2) ? TOKEN_DATA_TEXT(argv[1])\
- : nil,
-@end smallexample
-
-@noindent
-@code{set_quotes} looks like a promising subroutine. We can go into it
-by using the command @code{s} (@code{step}) instead of @code{next}.
-@code{step} goes to the next line to be executed in @emph{any}
-subroutine, so it steps into @code{set_quotes}.
-
-@smallexample
-(@value{GDBP}) @b{s}
-set_quotes (lq=0x34c78 "<QUOTE>", rq=0x34c88 "<UNQUOTE>")
- at input.c:530
-530 if (lquote != def_lquote)
-@end smallexample
-
-@noindent
-The display that shows the subroutine where @code{m4} is now
-suspended (and its arguments) is called a stack frame display. It
-shows a summary of the stack. We can use the @code{backtrace}
-command (which can also be spelled @code{bt}), to see where we are
-in the stack as a whole: the @code{backtrace} command displays a
-stack frame for each active subroutine.
-
-@smallexample
-(@value{GDBP}) @b{bt}
-#0 set_quotes (lq=0x34c78 "<QUOTE>", rq=0x34c88 "<UNQUOTE>")
- at input.c:530
-#1 0x6344 in m4_changequote (argc=3, argv=0x33c70)
- at builtin.c:882
-#2 0x8174 in expand_macro (sym=0x33320) at macro.c:242
-#3 0x7a88 in expand_token (obs=0x0, t=209696, td=0xf7fffa30)
- at macro.c:71
-#4 0x79dc in expand_input () at macro.c:40
-#5 0x2930 in main (argc=0, argv=0xf7fffb20) at m4.c:195
-@end smallexample
-
-@noindent
-We step through a few more lines to see what happens. The first two
-times, we can use @samp{s}; the next two times we use @code{n} to avoid
-falling into the @code{xstrdup} subroutine.
-
-@smallexample
-(@value{GDBP}) @b{s}
-0x3b5c 532 if (rquote != def_rquote)
-(@value{GDBP}) @b{s}
-0x3b80 535 lquote = (lq == nil || *lq == '\0') ? \
-def_lquote : xstrdup(lq);
-(@value{GDBP}) @b{n}
-536 rquote = (rq == nil || *rq == '\0') ? def_rquote\
- : xstrdup(rq);
-(@value{GDBP}) @b{n}
-538 len_lquote = strlen(rquote);
-@end smallexample
-
-@noindent
-The last line displayed looks a little odd; we can examine the variables
-@code{lquote} and @code{rquote} to see if they are in fact the new left
-and right quotes we specified. We use the command @code{p}
-(@code{print}) to see their values.
-
-@smallexample
-(@value{GDBP}) @b{p lquote}
-$1 = 0x35d40 "<QUOTE>"
-(@value{GDBP}) @b{p rquote}
-$2 = 0x35d50 "<UNQUOTE>"
-@end smallexample
-
-@noindent
-@code{lquote} and @code{rquote} are indeed the new left and right quotes.
-To look at some context, we can display ten lines of source
-surrounding the current line with the @code{l} (@code{list}) command.
-
-@smallexample
-(@value{GDBP}) @b{l}
-533 xfree(rquote);
-534
-535 lquote = (lq == nil || *lq == '\0') ? def_lquote\
- : xstrdup (lq);
-536 rquote = (rq == nil || *rq == '\0') ? def_rquote\
- : xstrdup (rq);
-537
-538 len_lquote = strlen(rquote);
-539 len_rquote = strlen(lquote);
-540 @}
-541
-542 void
-@end smallexample
-
-@noindent
-Let us step past the two lines that set @code{len_lquote} and
-@code{len_rquote}, and then examine the values of those variables.
-
-@smallexample
-(@value{GDBP}) @b{n}
-539 len_rquote = strlen(lquote);
-(@value{GDBP}) @b{n}
-540 @}
-(@value{GDBP}) @b{p len_lquote}
-$3 = 9
-(@value{GDBP}) @b{p len_rquote}
-$4 = 7
-@end smallexample
-
-@noindent
-That certainly looks wrong, assuming @code{len_lquote} and
-@code{len_rquote} are meant to be the lengths of @code{lquote} and
-@code{rquote} respectively. We can set them to better values using
-the @code{p} command, since it can print the value of
-any expression---and that expression can include subroutine calls and
-assignments.
-
-@smallexample
-(@value{GDBP}) @b{p len_lquote=strlen(lquote)}
-$5 = 7
-(@value{GDBP}) @b{p len_rquote=strlen(rquote)}
-$6 = 9
-@end smallexample
-
-@noindent
-Is that enough to fix the problem of using the new quotes with the
-@code{m4} built-in @code{defn}? We can allow @code{m4} to continue
-executing with the @code{c} (@code{continue}) command, and then try the
-example that caused trouble initially:
-
-@smallexample
-(@value{GDBP}) @b{c}
-Continuing.
-
-@b{define(baz,defn(<QUOTE>foo<UNQUOTE>))}
-
-baz
-0000
-@end smallexample
-
-@noindent
-Success! The new quotes now work just as well as the default ones. The
-problem seems to have been just the two typos defining the wrong
-lengths. We allow @code{m4} exit by giving it an EOF as input:
-
-@smallexample
-@b{C-d}
-Program exited normally.
-@end smallexample
-
-@noindent
-The message @samp{Program exited normally.} is from @value{GDBN}; it
-indicates @code{m4} has finished executing. We can end our @value{GDBN}
-session with the @value{GDBN} @code{quit} command.
-
-@smallexample
-(@value{GDBP}) @b{quit}
-@end smallexample
-@end ifclear
-
-@node Invocation, Commands, Sample Session, Top
-@chapter Getting In and Out of @value{GDBN}
-
-This chapter discusses how to start @value{GDBN}, and how to get out of it.
-The essentials are:
-@itemize @bullet
-@item
-type @samp{@value{GDBP}} to start GDB.
-@item
-type @kbd{quit} or @kbd{C-d} to exit.
-@end itemize
-
-@menu
-* Invoking GDB:: How to start @value{GDBN}
-* Quitting GDB:: How to quit @value{GDBN}
-* Shell Commands:: How to use shell commands inside @value{GDBN}
-@end menu
-
-@node Invoking GDB, Quitting GDB, Invocation, Invocation
-@section Invoking @value{GDBN}
-
-@ifset H8EXCLUSIVE
-For details on starting up @value{GDBP} as a
-remote debugger attached to a Hitachi microprocessor, see @ref{Hitachi
-Remote,,@value{GDBN} and Hitachi Microprocessors}.
-@end ifset
-
-Invoke @value{GDBN} by running the program @code{@value{GDBP}}. Once started,
-@value{GDBN} reads commands from the terminal until you tell it to exit.
-
-You can also run @code{@value{GDBP}} with a variety of arguments and options,
-to specify more of your debugging environment at the outset.
-
-@ifset GENERIC
-The command-line options described here are designed
-to cover a variety of situations; in some environments, some of these
-options may effectively be unavailable.
-@end ifset
-
-The most usual way to start @value{GDBN} is with one argument,
-specifying an executable program:
-
-@example
-@value{GDBP} @var{program}
-@end example
-
-@ifclear BARETARGET
-@noindent
-You can also start with both an executable program and a core file
-specified:
-
-@example
-@value{GDBP} @var{program} @var{core}
-@end example
-
-You can, instead, specify a process ID as a second argument, if you want
-to debug a running process:
-
-@example
-@value{GDBP} @var{program} 1234
-@end example
-
-@noindent
-would attach @value{GDBN} to process @code{1234} (unless you also have a file
-named @file{1234}; @value{GDBN} does check for a core file first).
-
-@ifclear HPPA
-Taking advantage of the second command-line argument requires a fairly
-complete operating system; when you use @value{GDBN} as a remote debugger
-attached to a bare board, there may not be any notion of ``process'',
-and there is often no way to get a core dump.
-@end ifclear
-@end ifclear
-
-You can run @code{gdb} without printing the front material, which describes
-@value{GDBN}'s non-warranty, by specifying @code{-silent}:
-
-@smallexample
-@value{GDBP} -silent
-@end smallexample
-
-@noindent
-You can further control how @value{GDBN} starts up by using command-line
-options. @value{GDBN} itself can remind you of the options available.
-
-@noindent
-Type
-
-@example
-@value{GDBP} -help
-@end example
-
-@noindent
-to display all available options and briefly describe their use
-(@samp{@value{GDBP} -h} is a shorter equivalent).
-
-All options and command line arguments you give are processed
-in sequential order. The order makes a difference when the
-@samp{-x} option is used.
-
-
-@menu
-@ifclear GENERIC
-@ifset REMOTESTUB
-* Remote Serial:: @value{GDBN} remote serial protocol
-@end ifset
-@ifset I960
-* i960-Nindy Remote:: @value{GDBN} with a remote i960 (Nindy)
-@end ifset
-@ifset AMD29K
-* UDI29K Remote:: The UDI protocol for AMD29K
-* EB29K Remote:: The EBMON protocol for AMD29K
-@end ifset
-@ifset VXWORKS
-* VxWorks Remote:: @value{GDBN} and VxWorks
-@end ifset
-@ifset ST2000
-* ST2000 Remote:: @value{GDBN} with a Tandem ST2000
-@end ifset
-@ifset H8
-* Hitachi Remote:: @value{GDBN} and Hitachi Microprocessors
-@end ifset
-@ifset MIPS
-* MIPS Remote:: @value{GDBN} and MIPS boards
-@end ifset
-@ifset SPARCLET
-* Sparclet Remote:: @value{GDBN} and Sparclet boards
-@end ifset
-@ifset SIMS
-* Simulator:: Simulated CPU target
-@end ifset
-@end ifclear
-@c remnant makeinfo bug requires this blank line after *two* end-ifblahs:
-
-* File Options:: Choosing files
-* Mode Options:: Choosing modes
-@end menu
-
-@ifclear GENERIC
-@ifclear HPPA
-@include remote.texi
-@end ifclear
-@end ifclear
-
-@node File Options
-@subsection Choosing files
-
-@ifclear BARETARGET
-When @value{GDBN} starts, it reads any arguments other than options as
-specifying an executable file and core file (or process ID). This is
-the same as if the arguments were specified by the @samp{-se} and
-@samp{-c} options respectively. (@value{GDBN} reads the first argument
-that does not have an associated option flag as equivalent to the
-@samp{-se} option followed by that argument; and the second argument
-that does not have an associated option flag, if any, as equivalent to
-the @samp{-c} option followed by that argument.)
-@end ifclear
-@ifset BARETARGET
-When @value{GDBN} starts, it reads any argument other than options as
-specifying an executable file. This is the same as if the argument was
-specified by the @samp{-se} option.
-@end ifset
-
-Many options have both long and short forms; both are shown in the
-following list. @value{GDBN} also recognizes the long forms if you truncate
-them, so long as enough of the option is present to be unambiguous.
-(If you prefer, you can flag option arguments with @samp{--} rather
-than @samp{-}, though we illustrate the more usual convention.)
-
-@table @code
-@item -symbols @var{file}
-@itemx -s @var{file}
-Read symbol table from file @var{file}.
-
-@item -exec @var{file}
-@itemx -e @var{file}
-Use file @var{file} as the executable file to execute when
-@ifset BARETARGET
-appropriate.
-@end ifset
-@ifclear BARETARGET
-appropriate, and for examining pure data in conjunction with a core
-dump.
-@end ifclear
-
-@item -se @var{file}
-Read symbol table from file @var{file} and use it as the executable
-file.
-
-@ifclear BARETARGET
-@item -core @var{file}
-@itemx -c @var{file}
-Use file @var{file} as a core dump to examine.
-
-@item -c @var{number}
-Connect to process ID @var{number}, as with the @code{attach} command
-(unless there is a file in core-dump format named @var{number}, in which
-case @samp{-c} specifies that file as a core dump to read).
-@end ifclear
-
-@item -command @var{file}
-@itemx -x @var{file}
-Execute @value{GDBN} commands from file @var{file}. @xref{Command
-Files,, Command files}.
-
-@item -directory @var{directory}
-@itemx -d @var{directory}
-Add @var{directory} to the path to search for source files.
-
-@ifclear BARETARGET
-@ifclear HPPA
-@item -m
-@itemx -mapped
-@emph{Warning: this option depends on operating system facilities that are not
-supported on all systems.}@*
-If memory-mapped files are available on your system through the @code{mmap}
-system call, you can use this option
-to have @value{GDBN} write the symbols from your
-program into a reusable file in the current directory. If the program you are debugging is
-called @file{/tmp/fred}, the mapped symbol file is @file{./fred.syms}.
-Future @value{GDBN} debugging sessions notice the presence of this file,
-and can quickly map in symbol information from it, rather than reading
-the symbol table from the executable program.
-
-The @file{.syms} file is specific to the host machine where @value{GDBN}
-is run. It holds an exact image of the internal @value{GDBN} symbol
-table. It cannot be shared across multiple host platforms.
-@end ifclear
-@end ifclear
-
-@ifclear HPPA
-@item -r
-@itemx -readnow
-Read each symbol file's entire symbol table immediately, rather than
-the default, which is to read it incrementally as it is needed.
-This makes startup slower, but makes future operations faster.
-@end ifclear
-@end table
-
-@ifclear BARETARGET
-@ifclear HPPA
-The @code{-mapped} and @code{-readnow} options are typically combined in
-order to build a @file{.syms} file that contains complete symbol
-information. (@xref{Files,,Commands to specify files}, for
-information on @file{.syms} files.) A simple GDB invocation to do
-nothing but build a @file{.syms} file for future use is:
-
-@example
- gdb -batch -nx -mapped -readnow programname
-@end example
-@end ifclear
-@end ifclear
-
-@node Mode Options, , File Options, Invoking GDB
-@subsection Choosing modes
-
-You can run @value{GDBN} in various alternative modes---for example, in
-batch mode or quiet mode.
-
-@table @code
-@item -nx
-@itemx -n
-Do not execute commands from any initialization files (normally called
-@file{.gdbinit}, or @file{gdb.ini} on PCs). Normally, the commands in
-these files are executed after all the command options and arguments
-have been processed. @xref{Command Files,,Command files}.
-
-@item -quiet
-@itemx -q
-``Quiet''. Do not print the introductory and copyright messages. These
-messages are also suppressed in batch mode.
-
-@item -batch
-Run in batch mode. Exit with status @code{0} after processing all the
-command files specified with @samp{-x} (and all commands from
-initialization files, if not inhibited with @samp{-n}). Exit with
-nonzero status if an error occurs in executing the @value{GDBN} commands
-in the command files.
-
-Batch mode may be useful for running @value{GDBN} as a filter, for example to
-download and run a program on another computer; in order to make this
-more useful, the message
-
-@example
-Program exited normally.
-@end example
-
-@noindent
-(which is ordinarily issued whenever a program running under @value{GDBN} control
-terminates) is not issued when running in batch mode.
-
-@item -cd @var{directory}
-Run @value{GDBN} using @var{directory} as its working directory,
-instead of the current directory.
-
-@ifclear DOSHOST
-@item -fullname
-@itemx -f
-@sc{gnu} Emacs sets this option when it runs @value{GDBN} as a subprocess. It tells @value{GDBN}
-to output the full file name and line number in a standard,
-recognizable fashion each time a stack frame is displayed (which
-includes each time your program stops). This recognizable format looks
-like two @samp{\032} characters, followed by the file name, line number
-and character position separated by colons, and a newline. The
-Emacs-to-@value{GDBN} interface program uses the two @samp{\032} characters as
-a signal to display the source code for the frame.
-@end ifclear
-
-@ifset SERIAL
-@ifclear HPPA
-@item -b @var{bps}
-Set the line speed (baud rate or bits per second) of any serial
-interface used by @value{GDBN} for remote debugging.
-@end ifclear
-
-@item -tty @var{device}
-Run using @var{device} for your program's standard input and output.
-@c FIXME: kingdon thinks there is more to -tty. Investigate.
-@end ifset
-
-@ifset HPPA
-@item -tui
-Use a Terminal User Interface. For information, use your Web browser to
-read the file @file{TUI.html}, which is usually installed in the
-directory @code{/opt/langtools/wdb/doc} on HP-UX systems. Do not use
-this option if you run @value{GDBN} from Emacs (see @pxref{Emacs, ,Using
-@value{GDBN} under @sc{gnu} Emacs}).
-
-@item -xdb
-Run in XDB compatibility mode, allowing the use of certain XDB commands.
-For information, see the file @file{xdb_trans.html}, which is usually
-installed in the directory @code{/opt/langtools/wdb/doc} on HP-UX
-systems.
-@end ifset
-@end table
-
-@node Quitting GDB, Shell Commands, Invoking GDB, Invocation
-@section Quitting @value{GDBN}
-@cindex exiting @value{GDBN}
-@cindex leaving @value{GDBN}
-
-@table @code
-@kindex quit @r{[}@var{expression}@r{]}
-@kindex q
-@item quit
-To exit @value{GDBN}, use the @code{quit} command (abbreviated @code{q}), or
-type an end-of-file character (usually @kbd{C-d}). If you do not supply
-@var{expression}, @value{GDBN} will terminate normally; otherwise it will
-terminate using the result of @var{expression} as the error code.
-@end table
-
-@cindex interrupt
-An interrupt (often @kbd{C-c}) does not exit from @value{GDBN}, but rather
-terminates the action of any @value{GDBN} command that is in progress and
-returns to @value{GDBN} command level. It is safe to type the interrupt
-character at any time because @value{GDBN} does not allow it to take effect
-until a time when it is safe.
-
-@ifclear BARETARGET
-If you have been using @value{GDBN} to control an attached process or
-device, you can release it with the @code{detach} command
-(@pxref{Attach, ,Debugging an already-running process}).
-@end ifclear
-
-@node Shell Commands, , Quitting GDB, Invocation
-@section Shell commands
-
-If you need to execute occasional shell commands during your
-debugging session, there is no need to leave or suspend @value{GDBN}; you can
-just use the @code{shell} command.
-
-@table @code
-@kindex shell
-@cindex shell escape
-@item shell @var{command string}
-Invoke a standard shell to execute @var{command string}.
-@ifclear DOSHOST
-If it exists, the environment variable @code{SHELL} determines which
-shell to run. Otherwise @value{GDBN} uses @code{/bin/sh}.
-@end ifclear
-@end table
-
-The utility @code{make} is often needed in development environments.
-You do not have to use the @code{shell} command for this purpose in
-@value{GDBN}:
-
-@table @code
-@kindex make
-@cindex calling make
-@item make @var{make-args}
-Execute the @code{make} program with the specified
-arguments. This is equivalent to @samp{shell make @var{make-args}}.
-@end table
-
-@node Commands, Running, Invocation, Top
-@chapter @value{GDBN} Commands
-
-You can abbreviate a @value{GDBN} command to the first few letters of the command
-name, if that abbreviation is unambiguous; and you can repeat certain
-@value{GDBN} commands by typing just @key{RET}. You can also use the @key{TAB}
-key to get @value{GDBN} to fill out the rest of a word in a command (or to
-show you the alternatives available, if there is more than one possibility).
-
-@menu
-* Command Syntax:: How to give commands to @value{GDBN}
-* Completion:: Command completion
-* Help:: How to ask @value{GDBN} for help
-@end menu
-
-@node Command Syntax, Completion, Commands, Commands
-@section Command syntax
-
-A @value{GDBN} command is a single line of input. There is no limit on
-how long it can be. It starts with a command name, which is followed by
-arguments whose meaning depends on the command name. For example, the
-command @code{step} accepts an argument which is the number of times to
-step, as in @samp{step 5}. You can also use the @code{step} command
-with no arguments. Some command names do not allow any arguments.
-
-@cindex abbreviation
-@value{GDBN} command names may always be truncated if that abbreviation is
-unambiguous. Other possible command abbreviations are listed in the
-documentation for individual commands. In some cases, even ambiguous
-abbreviations are allowed; for example, @code{s} is specially defined as
-equivalent to @code{step} even though there are other commands whose
-names start with @code{s}. You can test abbreviations by using them as
-arguments to the @code{help} command.
-
-@cindex repeating commands
-@kindex RET
-A blank line as input to @value{GDBN} (typing just @key{RET}) means to
-repeat the previous command. Certain commands (for example, @code{run})
-will not repeat this way; these are commands whose unintentional
-repetition might cause trouble and which you are unlikely to want to
-repeat.
-
-The @code{list} and @code{x} commands, when you repeat them with
-@key{RET}, construct new arguments rather than repeating
-exactly as typed. This permits easy scanning of source or memory.
-
-@value{GDBN} can also use @key{RET} in another way: to partition lengthy
-output, in a way similar to the common utility @code{more}
-(@pxref{Screen Size,,Screen size}). Since it is easy to press one
-@key{RET} too many in this situation, @value{GDBN} disables command
-repetition after any command that generates this sort of display.
-
-@kindex #
-@cindex comment
-Any text from a @kbd{#} to the end of the line is a comment; it does
-nothing. This is useful mainly in command files (@pxref{Command
-Files,,Command files}).
-
-@node Completion, Help, Command Syntax, Commands
-@section Command completion
-
-@cindex completion
-@cindex word completion
-@value{GDBN} can fill in the rest of a word in a command for you, if there is
-only one possibility; it can also show you what the valid possibilities
-are for the next word in a command, at any time. This works for @value{GDBN}
-commands, @value{GDBN} subcommands, and the names of symbols in your program.
-
-Press the @key{TAB} key whenever you want @value{GDBN} to fill out the rest
-of a word. If there is only one possibility, @value{GDBN} fills in the
-word, and waits for you to finish the command (or press @key{RET} to
-enter it). For example, if you type
-
-@c FIXME "@key" does not distinguish its argument sufficiently to permit
-@c complete accuracy in these examples; space introduced for clarity.
-@c If texinfo enhancements make it unnecessary, it would be nice to
-@c replace " @key" by "@key" in the following...
-@example
-(@value{GDBP}) info bre @key{TAB}
-@end example
-
-@noindent
-@value{GDBN} fills in the rest of the word @samp{breakpoints}, since that is
-the only @code{info} subcommand beginning with @samp{bre}:
-
-@example
-(@value{GDBP}) info breakpoints
-@end example
-
-@noindent
-You can either press @key{RET} at this point, to run the @code{info
-breakpoints} command, or backspace and enter something else, if
-@samp{breakpoints} does not look like the command you expected. (If you
-were sure you wanted @code{info breakpoints} in the first place, you
-might as well just type @key{RET} immediately after @samp{info bre},
-to exploit command abbreviations rather than command completion).
-
-If there is more than one possibility for the next word when you press
-@key{TAB}, @value{GDBN} sounds a bell. You can either supply more
-characters and try again, or just press @key{TAB} a second time;
-@value{GDBN} displays all the possible completions for that word. For
-example, you might want to set a breakpoint on a subroutine whose name
-begins with @samp{make_}, but when you type @kbd{b make_@key{TAB}} @value{GDBN}
-just sounds the bell. Typing @key{TAB} again displays all the
-function names in your program that begin with those characters, for
-example:
-
-@example
-(@value{GDBP}) b make_ @key{TAB}
-@exdent @value{GDBN} sounds bell; press @key{TAB} again, to see:
-make_a_section_from_file make_environ
-make_abs_section make_function_type
-make_blockvector make_pointer_type
-make_cleanup make_reference_type
-make_command make_symbol_completion_list
-(@value{GDBP}) b make_
-@end example
-
-@noindent
-After displaying the available possibilities, @value{GDBN} copies your
-partial input (@samp{b make_} in the example) so you can finish the
-command.
-
-If you just want to see the list of alternatives in the first place, you
-can press @kbd{M-?} rather than pressing @key{TAB} twice. @kbd{M-?}
-means @kbd{@key{META} ?}. You can type this
-@ifclear DOSHOST
-either by holding down a
-key designated as the @key{META} shift on your keyboard (if there is
-one) while typing @kbd{?}, or
-@end ifclear
-as @key{ESC} followed by @kbd{?}.
-
-@cindex quotes in commands
-@cindex completion of quoted strings
-Sometimes the string you need, while logically a ``word'', may contain
-parentheses or other characters that @value{GDBN} normally excludes from its
-notion of a word. To permit word completion to work in this situation,
-you may enclose words in @code{'} (single quote marks) in @value{GDBN} commands.
-
-@ifclear CONLY
-The most likely situation where you might need this is in typing the
-name of a C++ function. This is because C++ allows function overloading
-(multiple definitions of the same function, distinguished by argument
-type). For example, when you want to set a breakpoint you may need to
-distinguish whether you mean the version of @code{name} that takes an
-@code{int} parameter, @code{name(int)}, or the version that takes a
-@code{float} parameter, @code{name(float)}. To use the word-completion
-facilities in this situation, type a single quote @code{'} at the
-beginning of the function name. This alerts @value{GDBN} that it may need to
-consider more information than usual when you press @key{TAB} or
-@kbd{M-?} to request word completion:
-
-@example
-(@value{GDBP}) b 'bubble( @key{M-?}
-bubble(double,double) bubble(int,int)
-(@value{GDBP}) b 'bubble(
-@end example
-
-In some cases, @value{GDBN} can tell that completing a name requires using
-quotes. When this happens, @value{GDBN} inserts the quote for you (while
-completing as much as it can) if you do not type the quote in the first
-place:
-
-@example
-(@value{GDBP}) b bub @key{TAB}
-@exdent @value{GDBN} alters your input line to the following, and rings a bell:
-(@value{GDBP}) b 'bubble(
-@end example
-
-@noindent
-In general, @value{GDBN} can tell that a quote is needed (and inserts it) if
-you have not yet started typing the argument list when you ask for
-completion on an overloaded symbol.
-
-For more information about overloaded functions, @pxref{Cplus
-expressions, ,C++ expressions}. You can use the command @code{set
-overload-resolution off} to disable overload resolution;
-@pxref{Debugging C plus plus, ,@value{GDBN} features for C++}.
-@end ifclear
-
-
-@node Help, , Completion, Commands
-@section Getting help
-@cindex online documentation
-@kindex help
-
-You can always ask @value{GDBN} itself for information on its commands,
-using the command @code{help}.
-
-@table @code
-@kindex h
-@item help
-@itemx h
-You can use @code{help} (abbreviated @code{h}) with no arguments to
-display a short list of named classes of commands:
-
-@smallexample
-(@value{GDBP}) help
-List of classes of commands:
-
-running -- Running the program
-stack -- Examining the stack
-data -- Examining data
-breakpoints -- Making program stop at certain points
-files -- Specifying and examining files
-status -- Status inquiries
-support -- Support facilities
-user-defined -- User-defined commands
-aliases -- Aliases of other commands
-obscure -- Obscure features
-
-Type "help" followed by a class name for a list of
-commands in that class.
-Type "help" followed by command name for full
-documentation.
-Command name abbreviations are allowed if unambiguous.
-(@value{GDBP})
-@end smallexample
-
-@item help @var{class}
-Using one of the general help classes as an argument, you can get a
-list of the individual commands in that class. For example, here is the
-help display for the class @code{status}:
-
-@smallexample
-(@value{GDBP}) help status
-Status inquiries.
-
-List of commands:
-
-@c Line break in "show" line falsifies real output, but needed
-@c to fit in smallbook page size.
-show -- Generic command for showing things set
- with "set"
-info -- Generic command for printing status
-
-Type "help" followed by command name for full
-documentation.
-Command name abbreviations are allowed if unambiguous.
-(@value{GDBP})
-@end smallexample
-
-@item help @var{command}
-With a command name as @code{help} argument, @value{GDBN} displays a
-short paragraph on how to use that command.
-
-@kindex complete
-@item complete @var{args}
-The @code{complete @var{args}} command lists all the possible completions
-for the beginning of a command. Use @var{args} to specify the beginning of the
-command you want completed. For example:
-
-@smallexample
-complete i
-@end smallexample
-
-@noindent results in:
-
-@smallexample
-@group
-info
-inspect
-ignore
-@end group
-@end smallexample
-
-@noindent This is intended for use by @sc{gnu} Emacs.
-@end table
-
-In addition to @code{help}, you can use the @value{GDBN} commands @code{info}
-and @code{show} to inquire about the state of your program, or the state
-of @value{GDBN} itself. Each command supports many topics of inquiry; this
-manual introduces each of them in the appropriate context. The listings
-under @code{info} and under @code{show} in the Index point to
-all the sub-commands. @xref{Index}.
-
-@c @group
-@table @code
-@kindex info
-@kindex i
-@item info
-This command (abbreviated @code{i}) is for describing the state of your
-program. For example, you can list the arguments given to your program
-with @code{info args}, list the registers currently in use with @code{info
-registers}, or list the breakpoints you have set with @code{info breakpoints}.
-You can get a complete list of the @code{info} sub-commands with
-@w{@code{help info}}.
-
-@kindex set
-@item set
-You can assign the result of an expression to an environment variable with
-@code{set}. For example, you can set the @value{GDBN} prompt to a $-sign with
-@code{set prompt $}.
-
-@kindex show
-@item show
-In contrast to @code{info}, @code{show} is for describing the state of
-@value{GDBN} itself.
-You can change most of the things you can @code{show}, by using the
-related command @code{set}; for example, you can control what number
-system is used for displays with @code{set radix}, or simply inquire
-which is currently in use with @code{show radix}.
-
-@kindex info set
-To display all the settable parameters and their current
-values, you can use @code{show} with no arguments; you may also use
-@code{info set}. Both commands produce the same display.
-@c FIXME: "info set" violates the rule that "info" is for state of
-@c FIXME...program. Ck w/ GNU: "info set" to be called something else,
-@c FIXME...or change desc of rule---eg "state of prog and debugging session"?
-@end table
-@c @end group
-
-Here are three miscellaneous @code{show} subcommands, all of which are
-exceptional in lacking corresponding @code{set} commands:
-
-@table @code
-@kindex show version
-@cindex version number
-@item show version
-Show what version of @value{GDBN} is running. You should include this
-information in @value{GDBN} bug-reports. If multiple versions of @value{GDBN} are in
-use at your site, you may occasionally want to determine which version
-of @value{GDBN} you are running; as @value{GDBN} evolves, new commands are introduced,
-and old ones may wither away. The version number is also announced
-when you start @value{GDBN}.
-
-@kindex show copying
-@item show copying
-Display information about permission for copying @value{GDBN}.
-
-@kindex show warranty
-@item show warranty
-Display the @sc{gnu} ``NO WARRANTY'' statement.
-@end table
-
-@node Running, Stopping, Commands, Top
-@chapter Running Programs Under @value{GDBN}
-
-When you run a program under @value{GDBN}, you must first generate
-debugging information when you compile it.
-@ifclear BARETARGET
-You may start @value{GDBN} with its arguments, if any, in an environment
-of your choice. You may redirect your program's input and output, debug an
-already running process, or kill a child process.
-@end ifclear
-
-@menu
-* Compilation:: Compiling for debugging
-* Starting:: Starting your program
-@ifclear BARETARGET
-* Arguments:: Your program's arguments
-* Environment:: Your program's environment
-@end ifclear
-
-* Working Directory:: Your program's working directory
-* Input/Output:: Your program's input and output
-* Attach:: Debugging an already-running process
-* Kill Process:: Killing the child process
-@ifclear HPPA
-* Process Information:: Additional process information
-@end ifclear
-
-* Threads:: Debugging programs with multiple threads
-* Processes:: Debugging programs with multiple processes
-@end menu
-
-@node Compilation, Starting, Running, Running
-@section Compiling for debugging
-
-In order to debug a program effectively, you need to generate
-debugging information when you compile it. This debugging information
-is stored in the object file; it describes the data type of each
-variable or function and the correspondence between source line numbers
-and addresses in the executable code.
-
-To request debugging information, specify the @samp{-g} option when you run
-the compiler.
-
-Many C compilers are unable to handle the @samp{-g} and @samp{-O}
-options together. Using those compilers, you cannot generate optimized
-executables containing debugging information.
-
-@ifclear HPPA
-@value{NGCC}, the @sc{gnu} C compiler, supports @samp{-g} with or without
-@end ifclear
-@ifset HPPA
-The HP ANSI C and C++ compilers, as well as @value{NGCC}, the @sc{gnu} C
-compiler, support @samp{-g} with or without
-@end ifset
-@samp{-O}, making it possible to debug optimized code. We recommend
-that you @emph{always} use @samp{-g} whenever you compile a program.
-You may think your program is correct, but there is no sense in pushing
-your luck.
-
-@cindex optimized code, debugging
-@cindex debugging optimized code
-When you debug a program compiled with @samp{-g -O}, remember that the
-optimizer is rearranging your code; the debugger shows you what is
-really there. Do not be too surprised when the execution path does not
-exactly match your source file! An extreme example: if you define a
-variable, but never use it, @value{GDBN} never sees that
-variable---because the compiler optimizes it out of existence.
-
-Some things do not work as well with @samp{-g -O} as with just
-@samp{-g}, particularly on machines with instruction scheduling. If in
-doubt, recompile with @samp{-g} alone, and if this fixes the problem,
-please report it to us as a bug (including a test case!).
-
-Older versions of the @sc{gnu} C compiler permitted a variant option
-@w{@samp{-gg}} for debugging information. @value{GDBN} no longer supports this
-format; if your @sc{gnu} C compiler has this option, do not use it.
-
-@need 2000
-@node Starting, Arguments, Compilation, Running
-@section Starting your program
-@cindex starting
-@cindex running
-
-@table @code
-@kindex run
-@item run
-@itemx r
-Use the @code{run} command to start your program under @value{GDBN}. You must
-first specify the program name
-@ifset VXWORKS
-(except on VxWorks)
-@end ifset
-with an argument to @value{GDBN} (@pxref{Invocation, ,Getting In and
-Out of @value{GDBN}}), or by using the @code{file} or @code{exec-file}
-command (@pxref{Files, ,Commands to specify files}).
-
-@end table
-
-@ifclear BARETARGET
-If you are running your program in an execution environment that
-supports processes, @code{run} creates an inferior process and makes
-that process run your program. (In environments without processes,
-@code{run} jumps to the start of your program.)
-
-The execution of a program is affected by certain information it
-receives from its superior. @value{GDBN} provides ways to specify this
-information, which you must do @emph{before} starting your program. (You
-can change it after starting your program, but such changes only affect
-your program the next time you start it.) This information may be
-divided into four categories:
-
-@table @asis
-@item The @emph{arguments.}
-Specify the arguments to give your program as the arguments of the
-@code{run} command. If a shell is available on your target, the shell
-is used to pass the arguments, so that you may use normal conventions
-(such as wildcard expansion or variable substitution) in describing
-the arguments.
-In Unix systems, you can control which shell is used with the
-@code{SHELL} environment variable.
-@xref{Arguments, ,Your program's arguments}.
-
-@item The @emph{environment.}
-Your program normally inherits its environment from @value{GDBN}, but you can
-use the @value{GDBN} commands @code{set environment} and @code{unset
-environment} to change parts of the environment that affect
-your program. @xref{Environment, ,Your program's environment}.
-
-@item The @emph{working directory.}
-Your program inherits its working directory from @value{GDBN}. You can set
-the @value{GDBN} working directory with the @code{cd} command in @value{GDBN}.
-@xref{Working Directory, ,Your program's working directory}.
-
-@item The @emph{standard input and output.}
-Your program normally uses the same device for standard input and
-standard output as @value{GDBN} is using. You can redirect input and output
-in the @code{run} command line, or you can use the @code{tty} command to
-set a different device for your program.
-@xref{Input/Output, ,Your program's input and output}.
-
-@cindex pipes
-@emph{Warning:} While input and output redirection work, you cannot use
-pipes to pass the output of the program you are debugging to another
-program; if you attempt this, @value{GDBN} is likely to wind up debugging the
-wrong program.
-@end table
-@end ifclear
-
-When you issue the @code{run} command, your program begins to execute
-immediately. @xref{Stopping, ,Stopping and continuing}, for discussion
-of how to arrange for your program to stop. Once your program has
-stopped, you may call functions in your program, using the @code{print}
-or @code{call} commands. @xref{Data, ,Examining Data}.
-
-If the modification time of your symbol file has changed since the last
-time @value{GDBN} read its symbols, @value{GDBN} discards its symbol
-table, and reads it again. When it does this, @value{GDBN} tries to retain
-your current breakpoints.
-
-@ifclear BARETARGET
-@node Arguments, Environment, Starting, Running
-@section Your program's arguments
-
-@cindex arguments (to your program)
-The arguments to your program can be specified by the arguments of the
-@code{run} command.
-They are passed to a shell, which expands wildcard characters and
-performs redirection of I/O, and thence to your program. Your
-@code{SHELL} environment variable (if it exists) specifies what shell
-@value{GDBN} uses. If you do not define @code{SHELL}, @value{GDBN} uses
-@code{/bin/sh}.
-
-@code{run} with no arguments uses the same arguments used by the previous
-@code{run}, or those set by the @code{set args} command.
-
-@kindex set args
-@table @code
-@item set args
-Specify the arguments to be used the next time your program is run. If
-@code{set args} has no arguments, @code{run} executes your program
-with no arguments. Once you have run your program with arguments,
-using @code{set args} before the next @code{run} is the only way to run
-it again without arguments.
-
-@kindex show args
-@item show args
-Show the arguments to give your program when it is started.
-@end table
-
-@node Environment, Working Directory, Arguments, Running
-@section Your program's environment
-
-@cindex environment (of your program)
-The @dfn{environment} consists of a set of environment variables and
-their values. Environment variables conventionally record such things as
-your user name, your home directory, your terminal type, and your search
-path for programs to run. Usually you set up environment variables with
-the shell and they are inherited by all the other programs you run. When
-debugging, it can be useful to try running your program with a modified
-environment without having to start @value{GDBN} over again.
-
-@table @code
-@kindex path
-@item path @var{directory}
-Add @var{directory} to the front of the @code{PATH} environment variable
-(the search path for executables), for both @value{GDBN} and your program.
-You may specify several directory names, separated by @samp{:} or
-whitespace. If @var{directory} is already in the path, it is moved to
-the front, so it is searched sooner.
-
-You can use the string @samp{$cwd} to refer to whatever is the current
-working directory at the time @value{GDBN} searches the path. If you
-use @samp{.} instead, it refers to the directory where you executed the
-@code{path} command. @value{GDBN} replaces @samp{.} in the
-@var{directory} argument (with the current path) before adding
-@var{directory} to the search path.
-@c 'path' is explicitly nonrepeatable, but RMS points out it is silly to
-@c document that, since repeating it would be a no-op.
-
-@kindex show paths
-@item show paths
-Display the list of search paths for executables (the @code{PATH}
-environment variable).
-
-@kindex show environment
-@item show environment @r{[}@var{varname}@r{]}
-Print the value of environment variable @var{varname} to be given to
-your program when it starts. If you do not supply @var{varname},
-print the names and values of all environment variables to be given to
-your program. You can abbreviate @code{environment} as @code{env}.
-
-@kindex set environment
-@item set environment @var{varname} @r{[}=@r{]} @var{value}
-Set environment variable @var{varname} to @var{value}. The value
-changes for your program only, not for @value{GDBN} itself. @var{value} may
-be any string; the values of environment variables are just strings, and
-any interpretation is supplied by your program itself. The @var{value}
-parameter is optional; if it is eliminated, the variable is set to a
-null value.
-@c "any string" here does not include leading, trailing
-@c blanks. Gnu asks: does anyone care?
-
-For example, this command:
-
-@example
-set env USER = foo
-@end example
-
-@noindent
-tells a Unix program, when subsequently run, that its user is named
-@samp{foo}. (The spaces around @samp{=} are used for clarity here; they
-are not actually required.)
-
-@kindex unset environment
-@item unset environment @var{varname}
-Remove variable @var{varname} from the environment to be passed to your
-program. This is different from @samp{set env @var{varname} =};
-@code{unset environment} removes the variable from the environment,
-rather than assigning it an empty value.
-@end table
-
-@emph{Warning:} @value{GDBN} runs your program using the shell indicated
-by your @code{SHELL} environment variable if it exists (or
-@code{/bin/sh} if not). If your @code{SHELL} variable names a shell
-that runs an initialization file---such as @file{.cshrc} for C-shell, or
-@file{.bashrc} for BASH---any variables you set in that file affect
-your program. You may wish to move setting of environment variables to
-files that are only run when you sign on, such as @file{.login} or
-@file{.profile}.
-
-@node Working Directory, Input/Output, Environment, Running
-@section Your program's working directory
-
-@cindex working directory (of your program)
-Each time you start your program with @code{run}, it inherits its
-working directory from the current working directory of @value{GDBN}.
-The @value{GDBN} working directory is initially whatever it inherited
-from its parent process (typically the shell), but you can specify a new
-working directory in @value{GDBN} with the @code{cd} command.
-
-The @value{GDBN} working directory also serves as a default for the commands
-that specify files for @value{GDBN} to operate on. @xref{Files, ,Commands to
-specify files}.
-
-@table @code
-@kindex cd
-@item cd @var{directory}
-Set the @value{GDBN} working directory to @var{directory}.
-
-@kindex pwd
-@item pwd
-Print the @value{GDBN} working directory.
-@end table
-
-@node Input/Output, Attach, Working Directory, Running
-@section Your program's input and output
-
-@cindex redirection
-@cindex i/o
-@cindex terminal
-By default, the program you run under @value{GDBN} does input and output to
-the same terminal that @value{GDBN} uses. @value{GDBN} switches the terminal
-to its own terminal modes to interact with you, but it records the terminal
-modes your program was using and switches back to them when you continue
-running your program.
-
-@table @code
-@kindex info terminal
-@item info terminal
-Displays information recorded by @value{GDBN} about the terminal modes your
-program is using.
-@end table
-
-You can redirect your program's input and/or output using shell
-redirection with the @code{run} command. For example,
-
-@example
-run > outfile
-@end example
-
-@noindent
-starts your program, diverting its output to the file @file{outfile}.
-
-@kindex tty
-@cindex controlling terminal
-Another way to specify where your program should do input and output is
-with the @code{tty} command. This command accepts a file name as
-argument, and causes this file to be the default for future @code{run}
-commands. It also resets the controlling terminal for the child
-process, for future @code{run} commands. For example,
-
-@example
-tty /dev/ttyb
-@end example
-
-@noindent
-directs that processes started with subsequent @code{run} commands
-default to do input and output on the terminal @file{/dev/ttyb} and have
-that as their controlling terminal.
-
-An explicit redirection in @code{run} overrides the @code{tty} command's
-effect on the input/output device, but not its effect on the controlling
-terminal.
-
-When you use the @code{tty} command or redirect input in the @code{run}
-command, only the input @emph{for your program} is affected. The input
-for @value{GDBN} still comes from your terminal.
-
-@node Attach, Kill Process, Input/Output, Running
-@section Debugging an already-running process
-@kindex attach
-@cindex attach
-
-@table @code
-@item attach @var{process-id}
-This command attaches to a running process---one that was started
-outside @value{GDBN}. (@code{info files} shows your active
-targets.) The command takes as argument a process ID. The usual way to
-find out the process-id of a Unix process is with the @code{ps} utility,
-or with the @samp{jobs -l} shell command.
-
-@code{attach} does not repeat if you press @key{RET} a second time after
-executing the command.
-@end table
-
-To use @code{attach}, your program must be running in an environment
-which supports processes; for example, @code{attach} does not work for
-programs on bare-board targets that lack an operating system. You must
-also have permission to send the process a signal.
-
-When you use @code{attach}, the debugger finds the program running in
-the process first by looking in the current working directory, then (if
-the program is not found) by using the source file search path
-(@pxref{Source Path, ,Specifying source directories}). You can also use
-the @code{file} command to load the program. @xref{Files, ,Commands to
-Specify Files}.
-
-The first thing @value{GDBN} does after arranging to debug the specified
-process is to stop it. You can examine and modify an attached process
-with all the @value{GDBN} commands that are ordinarily available when you start
-@ifclear HPPA
-processes with @code{run}. You can insert breakpoints; you can step and
-@end ifclear
-@ifset HPPA
-processes with @code{run}. You can insert breakpoints (except in shared
-libraries); you can step and
-@end ifset
-continue; you can modify storage. If you would rather the process
-continue running, you may use the @code{continue} command after
-attaching @value{GDBN} to the process.
-
-@table @code
-@kindex detach
-@item detach
-When you have finished debugging the attached process, you can use the
-@code{detach} command to release it from @value{GDBN} control. Detaching
-the process continues its execution. After the @code{detach} command,
-that process and @value{GDBN} become completely independent once more, and you
-are ready to @code{attach} another process or start one with @code{run}.
-@code{detach} does not repeat if you press @key{RET} again after
-executing the command.
-@end table
-
-If you exit @value{GDBN} or use the @code{run} command while you have an
-attached process, you kill that process. By default, @value{GDBN} asks
-for confirmation if you try to do either of these things; you can
-control whether or not you need to confirm by using the @code{set
-confirm} command (@pxref{Messages/Warnings, ,Optional warnings and
-messages}).
-
-@ifset HPPA
-@node Kill Process, Threads, Attach, Running
-@section Killing the child process
-@end ifset
-@ifclear HPPA
-@node Kill Process, Process Information, Attach, Running
-@section Killing the child process
-@end ifclear
-
-@table @code
-@kindex kill
-@item kill
-Kill the child process in which your program is running under @value{GDBN}.
-@end table
-
-This command is useful if you wish to debug a core dump instead of a
-running process. @value{GDBN} ignores any core dump file while your program
-is running.
-
-On some operating systems, a program cannot be executed outside @value{GDBN}
-while you have breakpoints set on it inside @value{GDBN}. You can use the
-@code{kill} command in this situation to permit running your program
-outside the debugger.
-
-The @code{kill} command is also useful if you wish to recompile and
-relink your program, since on many systems it is impossible to modify an
-executable file while it is running in a process. In this case, when you
-next type @code{run}, @value{GDBN} notices that the file has changed, and
-reads the symbol table again (while trying to preserve your current
-breakpoint settings).
-
-@ifclear HPPA
-@node Process Information, Threads, Kill Process, Running
-@section Additional process information
-
-@kindex /proc
-@cindex process image
-Some operating systems provide a facility called @samp{/proc} that can
-be used to examine the image of a running process using file-system
-subroutines. If @value{GDBN} is configured for an operating system with this
-facility, the command @code{info proc} is available to report on several
-kinds of information about the process running your program.
-@code{info proc} works only on SVR4 systems that support @code{procfs}.
-
-@table @code
-@kindex info proc
-@item info proc
-Summarize available information about the process.
-
-@kindex info proc mappings
-@item info proc mappings
-Report on the address ranges accessible in the program, with information
-on whether your program may read, write, or execute each range.
-
-@kindex info proc times
-@item info proc times
-Starting time, user CPU time, and system CPU time for your program and
-its children.
-
-@kindex info proc id
-@item info proc id
-Report on the process IDs related to your program: its own process ID,
-the ID of its parent, the process group ID, and the session ID.
-
-@kindex info proc status
-@item info proc status
-General information on the state of the process. If the process is
-stopped, this report includes the reason for stopping, and any signal
-received.
-
-@item info proc all
-Show all the above information about the process.
-@end table
-@end ifclear
-
-@ifset HPPA
-@node Threads, Processes, Kill Process, Running
-@section Debugging programs with multiple threads
-@end ifset
-@ifclear HPPA
-@node Threads, Processes, Process Information, Running
-@section Debugging programs with multiple threads
-@end ifclear
-
-@cindex threads of execution
-@cindex multiple threads
-@cindex switching threads
-In some operating systems, such as HP-UX and Solaris, a single program
-may have more than one @dfn{thread} of execution. The precise semantics
-of threads differ from one operating system to another, but in general
-the threads of a single program are akin to multiple processes---except
-that they share one address space (that is, they can all examine and
-modify the same variables). On the other hand, each thread has its own
-registers and execution stack, and perhaps private memory.
-
-@value{GDBN} provides these facilities for debugging multi-thread
-programs:
-
-@itemize @bullet
-@item automatic notification of new threads
-@item @samp{thread @var{threadno}}, a command to switch among threads
-@item @samp{info threads}, a command to inquire about existing threads
-@item @samp{thread apply [@var{threadno}] [@var{all}] @var{args}},
-a command to apply a command to a list of threads
-@item thread-specific breakpoints
-@end itemize
-
-@ifclear HPPA
-@quotation
-@emph{Warning:} These facilities are not yet available on every
-@value{GDBN} configuration where the operating system supports threads.
-If your @value{GDBN} does not support threads, these commands have no
-effect. For example, a system without thread support shows no output
-from @samp{info threads}, and always rejects the @code{thread} command,
-like this:
-
-@smallexample
-(@value{GDBP}) info threads
-(@value{GDBP}) thread 1
-Thread ID 1 not known. Use the "info threads" command to
-see the IDs of currently known threads.
-@end smallexample
-@c FIXME to implementors: how hard would it be to say "sorry, this GDB
-@c doesn't support threads"?
-@end quotation
-@end ifclear
-
-@cindex focus of debugging
-@cindex current thread
-The @value{GDBN} thread debugging facility allows you to observe all
-threads while your program runs---but whenever @value{GDBN} takes
-control, one thread in particular is always the focus of debugging.
-This thread is called the @dfn{current thread}. Debugging commands show
-program information from the perspective of the current thread.
-
-@ifclear HPPA
-@kindex New @var{systag}
-@cindex thread identifier (system)
-@c FIXME-implementors!! It would be more helpful if the [New...] message
-@c included GDB's numeric thread handle, so you could just go to that
-@c thread without first checking `info threads'.
-Whenever @value{GDBN} detects a new thread in your program, it displays
-the target system's identification for the thread with a message in the
-form @samp{[New @var{systag}]}. @var{systag} is a thread identifier
-whose form varies depending on the particular system. For example, on
-LynxOS, you might see
-
-@example
-[New process 35 thread 27]
-@end example
-
-@noindent
-when @value{GDBN} notices a new thread. In contrast, on an SGI system,
-the @var{systag} is simply something like @samp{process 368}, with no
-further qualifier.
-
-@c FIXME!! (1) Does the [New...] message appear even for the very first
-@c thread of a program, or does it only appear for the
-@c second---i.e., when it becomes obvious we have a multithread
-@c program?
-@c (2) *Is* there necessarily a first thread always? Or do some
-@c multithread systems permit starting a program with multiple
-@c threads ab initio?
-
-@cindex thread number
-@cindex thread identifier (GDB)
-For debugging purposes, @value{GDBN} associates its own thread
-number---always a single integer---with each thread in your program.
-
-@table @code
-@kindex info threads
-@item info threads
-Display a summary of all threads currently in your
-program. @value{GDBN} displays for each thread (in this order):
-
-@enumerate
-@item the thread number assigned by @value{GDBN}
-
-@item the target system's thread identifier (@var{systag})
-
-@item the current stack frame summary for that thread
-@end enumerate
-
-@noindent
-An asterisk @samp{*} to the left of the @value{GDBN} thread number
-indicates the current thread.
-
-For example,
-@end table
-@c end table here to get a little more width for example
-
-@smallexample
-(@value{GDBP}) info threads
- 3 process 35 thread 27 0x34e5 in sigpause ()
- 2 process 35 thread 23 0x34e5 in sigpause ()
-* 1 process 35 thread 13 main (argc=1, argv=0x7ffffff8)
- at threadtest.c:68
-@end smallexample
-@end ifclear
-@ifset HPPA
-
-@cindex thread number
-@cindex thread identifier (GDB)
-For debugging purposes, @value{GDBN} associates its own thread
-number---a small integer assigned in thread-creation order---with each
-thread in your program.
-
-@kindex New @var{systag}
-@cindex thread identifier (system)
-@c FIXME-implementors!! It would be more helpful if the [New...] message
-@c included GDB's numeric thread handle, so you could just go to that
-@c thread without first checking `info threads'.
-Whenever @value{GDBN} detects a new thread in your program, it displays
-both @value{GDBN}'s thread number and the target system's identification for the thread with a message in the
-form @samp{[New @var{systag}]}. @var{systag} is a thread identifier
-whose form varies depending on the particular system. For example, on
-HP-UX, you see
-
-@example
-[New thread 2 (system thread 26594)]
-@end example
-
-@noindent
-when @value{GDBN} notices a new thread.
-
-@table @code
-@kindex info threads
-@item info threads
-Display a summary of all threads currently in your
-program. @value{GDBN} displays for each thread (in this order):
-
-@enumerate
-@item the thread number assigned by @value{GDBN}
-
-@item the target system's thread identifier (@var{systag})
-
-@item the current stack frame summary for that thread
-@end enumerate
-
-@noindent
-An asterisk @samp{*} to the left of the @value{GDBN} thread number
-indicates the current thread.
-
-For example,
-@end table
-@c end table here to get a little more width for example
-
-@example
-(@value{GDBP}) info threads
- * 3 system thread 26607 worker (wptr=0x7b09c318 "@@") at quicksort.c:137
- 2 system thread 26606 0x7b0030d8 in __ksleep () from /usr/lib/libc.2
- 1 system thread 27905 0x7b003498 in _brk () from /usr/lib/libc.2
-@end example
-@end ifset
-
-@table @code
-@kindex thread @var{threadno}
-@item thread @var{threadno}
-Make thread number @var{threadno} the current thread. The command
-argument @var{threadno} is the internal @value{GDBN} thread number, as
-shown in the first field of the @samp{info threads} display.
-@value{GDBN} responds by displaying the system identifier of the thread
-you selected, and its current stack frame summary:
-
-@smallexample
-@c FIXME!! This example made up; find a @value{GDBN} w/threads and get real one
-(@value{GDBP}) thread 2
-@ifclear HPPA
-[Switching to process 35 thread 23]
-@end ifclear
-@ifset HPPA
-[Switching to thread 2 (system thread 26594)]
-@end ifset
-0x34e5 in sigpause ()
-@end smallexample
-
-@noindent
-As with the @samp{[New @dots{}]} message, the form of the text after
-@samp{Switching to} depends on your system's conventions for identifying
-threads.
-
-@kindex thread apply
-@item thread apply [@var{threadno}] [@var{all}] @var{args}
-The @code{thread apply} command allows you to apply a command to one or
-more threads. Specify the numbers of the threads that you want affected
-with the command argument @var{threadno}. @var{threadno} is the internal
-@value{GDBN} thread number, as shown in the first field of the @samp{info
-threads} display. To apply a command to all threads, use
-@code{thread apply all} @var{args}.
-@end table
-
-@cindex automatic thread selection
-@cindex switching threads automatically
-@cindex threads, automatic switching
-Whenever @value{GDBN} stops your program, due to a breakpoint or a
-signal, it automatically selects the thread where that breakpoint or
-signal happened. @value{GDBN} alerts you to the context switch with a
-message of the form @samp{[Switching to @var{systag}]} to identify the
-thread.
-
-@xref{Thread Stops,,Stopping and starting multi-thread programs}, for
-more information about how @value{GDBN} behaves when you stop and start
-programs with multiple threads.
-
-@xref{Set Watchpoints,,Setting watchpoints}, for information about
-watchpoints in programs with multiple threads.
-@end ifclear
-
-@ifclear HPPA
-@node Processes, , Threads, Running
-@section Debugging programs with multiple processes
-
-@cindex fork, debugging programs which call
-@cindex multiple processes
-@cindex processes, multiple
-@value{GDBN} has no special support for debugging programs which create
-additional processes using the @code{fork} function. When a program
-forks, @value{GDBN} will continue to debug the parent process and the
-child process will run unimpeded. If you have set a breakpoint in any
-code which the child then executes, the child will get a @code{SIGTRAP}
-signal which (unless it catches the signal) will cause it to terminate.
-
-However, if you want to debug the child process there is a workaround
-which isn't too painful. Put a call to @code{sleep} in the code which
-the child process executes after the fork. It may be useful to sleep
-only if a certain environment variable is set, or a certain file exists,
-so that the delay need not occur when you don't want to run @value{GDBN}
-on the child. While the child is sleeping, use the @code{ps} program to
-get its process ID. Then tell @value{GDBN} (a new invocation of
-@value{GDBN} if you are also debugging the parent process) to attach to
-the child process (see @ref{Attach}). From that point on you can debug
-the child process just like any other process which you attached to.
-@end ifclear
-@ifset HPPA
-@node Processes, , Threads, Running
-@section Debugging programs with multiple processes
-
-@cindex fork, debugging programs which call
-@cindex multiple processes
-@cindex processes, multiple
-
-@value{GDBN} provides support for debugging programs that create
-additional processes using the @code{fork} or @code{vfork} function.
-
-By default, when a program forks, @value{GDBN} will continue to debug
-the parent process and the child process will run unimpeded.
-
-If you want to follow the child process instead of the parent process,
-use the command @w{@code{set follow-fork-mode}}.
-
-@table @code
-@kindex set follow-fork-mode
-@item set follow-fork-mode @var{mode}
-Set the debugger response to a program call of @code{fork} or
-@code{vfork}. A call to @code{fork} or @code{vfork} creates a new
-process. The @var{mode} can be:
-
-@table @code
-@item parent
-The original process is debugged after a fork. The child process runs
-unimpeded.
-
-@item child
-The new process is debugged after a fork. The parent process runs
-unimpeded.
-
-@item ask
-The debugger will ask for one of the above choices.
-@end table
-
-@item show follow-fork-mode
-Display the current debugger response to a fork or vfork call.
-@end table
-
-If you ask to debug a child process and a @code{vfork} is followed by an
-@code{exec}, @value{GDBN} executes the new target up to the first
-breakpoint in the new target. If you have a breakpoint set on
-@code{main} in your original program, the breakpoint will also be set on
-the child process's @code{main}.
-
-When a child process is spawned by @code{vfork}, you cannot debug the
-child or parent until an @code{exec} call completes.
-
-If you issue a @code{run} command to @value{GDBN} after an @code{exec}
-call executes, the new target restarts. To restart the parent process,
-use the @code{file} command with the parent executable name as its
-argument.
-
-You can use the @code{catch} command to make @value{GDBN} stop whenever
-a @code{fork}, @code{vfork}, or @code{exec} call is made. @xref{Set
-Catchpoints, ,Setting catchpoints}.
-@end ifset
-
-@node Stopping, Stack, Running, Top
-@chapter Stopping and Continuing
-
-The principal purposes of using a debugger are so that you can stop your
-program before it terminates; or so that, if your program runs into
-trouble, you can investigate and find out why.
-
-Inside @value{GDBN}, your program may stop for any of several reasons, such
-as
-@ifclear BARETARGET
-a signal,
-@end ifclear
-a breakpoint, or reaching a new line after a @value{GDBN}
-command such as @code{step}. You may then examine and change
-variables, set new breakpoints or remove old ones, and then continue
-execution. Usually, the messages shown by @value{GDBN} provide ample
-explanation of the status of your program---but you can also explicitly
-request this information at any time.
-
-@table @code
-@kindex info program
-@item info program
-Display information about the status of your program: whether it is
-running or not,
-@ifclear BARETARGET
-what process it is,
-@end ifclear
-and why it stopped.
-@end table
-
-@menu
-* Breakpoints:: Breakpoints, watchpoints, and catchpoints
-* Continuing and Stepping:: Resuming execution
-@ifset POSIX
-* Signals:: Signals
-@end ifset
-
-@ifclear BARETARGET
-* Thread Stops:: Stopping and starting multi-thread programs
-@end ifclear
-
-@end menu
-
-@node Breakpoints, Continuing and Stepping, Stopping, Stopping
-@section Breakpoints, watchpoints, and catchpoints
-
-@cindex breakpoints
-A @dfn{breakpoint} makes your program stop whenever a certain point in
-the program is reached. For each breakpoint, you can add conditions to
-control in finer detail whether your program stops. You can set
-breakpoints with the @code{break} command and its variants (@pxref{Set
-Breaks, ,Setting breakpoints}), to specify the place where your program
-should stop by line number, function name or exact address in the
-program.
-
-In HP-UX, SunOS 4.x, SVR4, and Alpha OSF/1 configurations, you can set
-breakpoints in shared libraries before the executable is run. There is
-a minor limitation on HP-UX systems: you must wait until the executable
-is run in order to set breakpoints in shared library routines that are
-not called directly by the program (for example, routines that are
-arguments in a @code{pthread_create} call).
-
-@cindex watchpoints
-@cindex memory tracing
-@cindex breakpoint on memory address
-@cindex breakpoint on variable modification
-A @dfn{watchpoint} is a special breakpoint that stops your program
-when the value of an expression changes. You must use a different
-command to set watchpoints (@pxref{Set Watchpoints, ,Setting
-watchpoints}), but aside from that, you can manage a watchpoint like
-any other breakpoint: you enable, disable, and delete both breakpoints
-and watchpoints using the same commands.
-
-You can arrange to have values from your program displayed automatically
-whenever @value{GDBN} stops at a breakpoint. @xref{Auto Display,,
-Automatic display}.
-
-@cindex catchpoints
-@cindex breakpoint on events
-A @dfn{catchpoint} is another special breakpoint that stops your program
-when a certain kind of event occurs, such as the throwing of a C++
-exception or the loading of a library. As with watchpoints, you use a
-different command to set a catchpoint (@pxref{Set Catchpoints, ,Setting
-catchpoints}), but aside from that, you can manage a catchpoint like any
-other breakpoint. (To stop when your program receives a signal, use the
-@code{handle} command; @pxref{Signals, ,Signals}.)
-
-@cindex breakpoint numbers
-@cindex numbers for breakpoints
-@value{GDBN} assigns a number to each breakpoint, watchpoint, or
-catchpoint when you create it; these numbers are successive integers
-starting with one. In many of the commands for controlling various
-features of breakpoints you use the breakpoint number to say which
-breakpoint you want to change. Each breakpoint may be @dfn{enabled} or
-@dfn{disabled}; if disabled, it has no effect on your program until you
-enable it again.
-
-@menu
-* Set Breaks:: Setting breakpoints
-* Set Watchpoints:: Setting watchpoints
-* Set Catchpoints:: Setting catchpoints
-* Delete Breaks:: Deleting breakpoints
-* Disabling:: Disabling breakpoints
-* Conditions:: Break conditions
-* Break Commands:: Breakpoint command lists
-@ifclear CONLY
-* Breakpoint Menus:: Breakpoint menus
-@end ifclear
-
-@c @ifclear BARETARGET
-@c * Error in Breakpoints:: ``Cannot insert breakpoints''
-@c @end ifclear
-@end menu
-
-@node Set Breaks, Set Watchpoints, Breakpoints, Breakpoints
-@subsection Setting breakpoints
-
-@c FIXME LMB what does GDB do if no code on line of breakpt?
-@c consider in particular declaration with/without initialization.
-@c
-@c FIXME 2 is there stuff on this already? break at fun start, already init?
-
-@kindex break
-@kindex b
-@kindex $bpnum
-@cindex latest breakpoint
-Breakpoints are set with the @code{break} command (abbreviated
-@code{b}). The debugger convenience variable @samp{$bpnum} records the
-number of the breakpoints you've set most recently; see @ref{Convenience
-Vars,, Convenience variables}, for a discussion of what you can do with
-convenience variables.
-
-You have several ways to say where the breakpoint should go.
-
-@table @code
-@item break @var{function}
-Set a breakpoint at entry to function @var{function}.
-@ifclear CONLY
-When using source languages that permit overloading of symbols, such as
-C++, @var{function} may refer to more than one possible place to break.
-@xref{Breakpoint Menus,,Breakpoint menus}, for a discussion of that situation.
-@end ifclear
-
-@item break +@var{offset}
-@itemx break -@var{offset}
-Set a breakpoint some number of lines forward or back from the position
-at which execution stopped in the currently selected frame.
-
-@item break @var{linenum}
-Set a breakpoint at line @var{linenum} in the current source file.
-That file is the last file whose source text was printed. This
-breakpoint stops your program just before it executes any of the
-code on that line.
-
-@item break @var{filename}:@var{linenum}
-Set a breakpoint at line @var{linenum} in source file @var{filename}.
-
-@item break @var{filename}:@var{function}
-Set a breakpoint at entry to function @var{function} found in file
-@var{filename}. Specifying a file name as well as a function name is
-superfluous except when multiple files contain similarly named
-functions.
-
-@item break *@var{address}
-Set a breakpoint at address @var{address}. You can use this to set
-breakpoints in parts of your program which do not have debugging
-information or source files.
-
-@item break
-When called without any arguments, @code{break} sets a breakpoint at
-the next instruction to be executed in the selected stack frame
-(@pxref{Stack, ,Examining the Stack}). In any selected frame but the
-innermost, this makes your program stop as soon as control
-returns to that frame. This is similar to the effect of a
-@code{finish} command in the frame inside the selected frame---except
-that @code{finish} does not leave an active breakpoint. If you use
-@code{break} without an argument in the innermost frame, @value{GDBN} stops
-the next time it reaches the current location; this may be useful
-inside loops.
-
-@value{GDBN} normally ignores breakpoints when it resumes execution, until at
-least one instruction has been executed. If it did not do this, you
-would be unable to proceed past a breakpoint without first disabling the
-breakpoint. This rule applies whether or not the breakpoint already
-existed when your program stopped.
-
-@item break @dots{} if @var{cond}
-Set a breakpoint with condition @var{cond}; evaluate the expression
-@var{cond} each time the breakpoint is reached, and stop only if the
-value is nonzero---that is, if @var{cond} evaluates as true.
-@samp{@dots{}} stands for one of the possible arguments described
-above (or no argument) specifying where to break. @xref{Conditions,
-,Break conditions}, for more information on breakpoint conditions.
-
-@kindex tbreak
-@item tbreak @var{args}
-Set a breakpoint enabled only for one stop. @var{args} are the
-same as for the @code{break} command, and the breakpoint is set in the same
-way, but the breakpoint is automatically deleted after the first time your
-program stops there. @xref{Disabling, ,Disabling breakpoints}.
-
-@ifclear HPPA
-@kindex hbreak
-@item hbreak @var{args}
-Set a hardware-assisted breakpoint. @var{args} are the same as for the
-@code{break} command and the breakpoint is set in the same way, but the
-breakpoint requires hardware support and some target hardware may not
-have this support. The main purpose of this is EPROM/ROM code
-debugging, so you can set a breakpoint at an instruction without
-changing the instruction. This can be used with the new trap-generation
-provided by SPARClite DSU. DSU will generate traps when a program accesses
-some data or instruction address that is assigned to the debug registers.
-However the hardware breakpoint registers can only take two data breakpoints,
-and @value{GDBN} will reject this command if more than two are used.
-Delete or disable unused hardware breakpoints before setting
-new ones. @xref{Conditions, ,Break conditions}.
-
-@kindex thbreak
-@item thbreak @var{args}
-Set a hardware-assisted breakpoint enabled only for one stop. @var{args}
-are the same as for the @code{hbreak} command and the breakpoint is set in
-the same way. However, like the @code{tbreak} command,
-the breakpoint is automatically deleted after the
-first time your program stops there. Also, like the @code{hbreak}
-command, the breakpoint requires hardware support and some target hardware
-may not have this support. @xref{Disabling, ,Disabling breakpoints}.
-Also @xref{Conditions, ,Break conditions}.
-@end ifclear
-
-@kindex rbreak
-@cindex regular expression
-@item rbreak @var{regex}
-@c FIXME what kind of regexp?
-Set breakpoints on all functions matching the regular expression
-@var{regex}. This command
-sets an unconditional breakpoint on all matches, printing a list of all
-breakpoints it set. Once these breakpoints are set, they are treated
-just like the breakpoints set with the @code{break} command. You can
-delete them, disable them, or make them conditional the same way as any
-other breakpoint.
-
-@ifclear CONLY
-When debugging C++ programs, @code{rbreak} is useful for setting
-breakpoints on overloaded functions that are not members of any special
-classes.
-@end ifclear
-
-@kindex info breakpoints
-@cindex @code{$_} and @code{info breakpoints}
-@item info breakpoints @r{[}@var{n}@r{]}
-@itemx info break @r{[}@var{n}@r{]}
-@itemx info watchpoints @r{[}@var{n}@r{]}
-Print a table of all breakpoints, watchpoints, and catchpoints set and
-not deleted, with the following columns for each breakpoint:
-
-@table @emph
-@item Breakpoint Numbers
-@item Type
-Breakpoint, watchpoint, or catchpoint.
-@item Disposition
-Whether the breakpoint is marked to be disabled or deleted when hit.
-@item Enabled or Disabled
-Enabled breakpoints are marked with @samp{y}. @samp{n} marks breakpoints
-that are not enabled.
-@item Address
-Where the breakpoint is in your program, as a memory address
-@item What
-Where the breakpoint is in the source for your program, as a file and
-line number.
-@end table
-
-@noindent
-If a breakpoint is conditional, @code{info break} shows the condition on
-the line following the affected breakpoint; breakpoint commands, if any,
-are listed after that.
-
-@noindent
-@code{info break} with a breakpoint
-number @var{n} as argument lists only that breakpoint. The
-convenience variable @code{$_} and the default examining-address for
-the @code{x} command are set to the address of the last breakpoint
-listed (@pxref{Memory, ,Examining memory}).
-
-@noindent
-@code{info break} displays a count of the number of times the breakpoint
-has been hit. This is especially useful in conjunction with the
-@code{ignore} command. You can ignore a large number of breakpoint
-hits, look at the breakpoint info to see how many times the breakpoint
-was hit, and then run again, ignoring one less than that number. This
-will get you quickly to the last hit of that breakpoint.
-@end table
-
-@value{GDBN} allows you to set any number of breakpoints at the same place in
-your program. There is nothing silly or meaningless about this. When
-the breakpoints are conditional, this is even useful
-(@pxref{Conditions, ,Break conditions}).
-
-@cindex negative breakpoint numbers
-@cindex internal @value{GDBN} breakpoints
-@value{GDBN} itself sometimes sets breakpoints in your program for special
-purposes, such as proper handling of @code{longjmp} (in C programs).
-These internal breakpoints are assigned negative numbers, starting with
-@code{-1}; @samp{info breakpoints} does not display them.
-
-You can see these breakpoints with the @value{GDBN} maintenance command
-@samp{maint info breakpoints}.
-
-@table @code
-@kindex maint info breakpoints
-@item maint info breakpoints
-Using the same format as @samp{info breakpoints}, display both the
-breakpoints you've set explicitly, and those @value{GDBN} is using for
-internal purposes. Internal breakpoints are shown with negative
-breakpoint numbers. The type column identifies what kind of breakpoint
-is shown:
-
-@table @code
-@item breakpoint
-Normal, explicitly set breakpoint.
-
-@item watchpoint
-Normal, explicitly set watchpoint.
-
-@item longjmp
-Internal breakpoint, used to handle correctly stepping through
-@code{longjmp} calls.
-
-@item longjmp resume
-Internal breakpoint at the target of a @code{longjmp}.
-
-@item until
-Temporary internal breakpoint used by the @value{GDBN} @code{until} command.
-
-@item finish
-Temporary internal breakpoint used by the @value{GDBN} @code{finish} command.
-
-@ifset HPPA
-@item shlib events
-Shared library events.
-@end ifset
-@end table
-@end table
-
-
-@node Set Watchpoints, Set Catchpoints, Set Breaks, Breakpoints
-@subsection Setting watchpoints
-
-@cindex setting watchpoints
-@cindex software watchpoints
-@cindex hardware watchpoints
-You can use a watchpoint to stop execution whenever the value of an
-expression changes, without having to predict a particular place where
-this may happen.
-
-Depending on your system, watchpoints may be implemented in software or
-hardware. GDB does software watchpointing by single-stepping your
-program and testing the variable's value each time, which is hundreds of
-times slower than normal execution. (But this may still be worth it, to
-catch errors where you have no clue what part of your program is the
-culprit.)
-
-On some systems, such as HP-UX and Linux, GDB includes support for
-hardware watchpoints, which do not slow down the running of your
-program.
-
-@table @code
-@kindex watch
-@item watch @var{expr}
-Set a watchpoint for an expression. @value{GDBN} will break when @var{expr}
-is written into by the program and its value changes.
-
-@kindex rwatch
-@item rwatch @var{expr}
-Set a watchpoint that will break when watch @var{expr} is read by the program.
-If you use both watchpoints, both must be set with the @code{rwatch}
-command.
-
-@kindex awatch
-@item awatch @var{expr}
-Set a watchpoint that will break when @var{args} is read and written into
-by the program. If you use both watchpoints, both must be set with the
-@code{awatch} command.
-
-@kindex info watchpoints
-@item info watchpoints
-This command prints a list of watchpoints, breakpoints, and catchpoints;
-it is the same as @code{info break}.
-@end table
-
-@value{GDBN} sets a @dfn{hardware watchpoint} if possible. Hardware
-watchpoints execute very quickly, and the debugger reports a change in
-value at the exact instruction where the change occurs. If @value{GDBN}
-cannot set a hardware watchpoint, it sets a software watchpoint, which
-executes more slowly and reports the change in value at the next
-statement, not the instruction, after the change occurs.
-
-When you issue the @code{watch} command, @value{GDBN} reports
-
-@example
-Hardware watchpoint @var{num}: @var{expr}
-@end example
-
-@noindent
-if it was able to set a hardware watchpoint.
-
-The SPARClite DSU will generate traps when a program accesses
-some data or instruction address that is assigned to the debug registers.
-For the data addresses, DSU facilitates the @code{watch} command.
-However the hardware breakpoint registers can only take two data watchpoints,
-and both watchpoints must be the same kind. For example, you can set two
-watchpoints with @code{watch} commands, two with @code{rwatch}
-commands, @strong{or} two with @code{awatch} commands, but you cannot set one
-watchpoint with one command and the other with a different command.
-@value{GDBN} will reject the command if you try to mix watchpoints.
-Delete or disable unused watchpoint commands before setting new ones.
-
-If you call a function interactively using @code{print} or @code{call},
-any watchpoints you have set will be inactive until GDB reaches another
-kind of breakpoint or the call completes.
-
-@ifclear BARETARGET
-@quotation
-@cindex watchpoints and threads
-@cindex threads and watchpoints
-@ifclear HPPA
-@emph{Warning:} In multi-thread programs, watchpoints have only limited
-usefulness. With the current watchpoint implementation, @value{GDBN}
-can only watch the value of an expression @emph{in a single thread}. If
-you are confident that the expression can only change due to the current
-thread's activity (and if you are also confident that no other thread
-can become current), then you can use watchpoints as usual. However,
-@value{GDBN} may not notice when a non-current thread's activity changes
-the expression.
-@end ifclear
-@ifset HPPA
-@emph{Warning:} In multi-thread programs, software watchpoints have only
-limited usefulness. If @value{GDBN} creates a software watchpoint, it
-can only watch the value of an expression @emph{in a single thread}. If
-you are confident that the expression can only change due to the current
-thread's activity (and if you are also confident that no other thread
-can become current), then you can use software watchpoints as usual.
-However, @value{GDBN} may not notice when a non-current thread's
-activity changes the expression. (Hardware watchpoints, in contrast,
-watch an expression in all threads.)
-@end ifset
-@end quotation
-@end ifclear
-
-@node Set Catchpoints, Delete Breaks, Set Watchpoints, Breakpoints
-@subsection Setting catchpoints
-@cindex catchpoints
-@cindex exception handlers
-@cindex event handling
-
-You can use @dfn{catchpoints} to cause the debugger to stop for certain
-kinds of program events, such as C++ exceptions or the loading of a
-shared library. Use the @code{catch} command to set a catchpoint.
-
-@table @code
-@kindex catch
-@item catch @var{event}
-Stop when @var{event} occurs. @var{event} can be any of the following:
-@table @code
-@item throw
-@kindex catch throw
-The throwing of a C++ exception.
-
-@item catch
-@kindex catch catch
-The catching of a C++ exception.
-
-@item exec
-@kindex catch exec
-A call to @code{exec}. This is currently only available for HP-UX.
-
-@item fork
-@kindex catch fork
-A call to @code{fork}. This is currently only available for HP-UX.
-
-@item vfork
-@kindex catch vfork
-A call to @code{vfork}. This is currently only available for HP-UX.
-
-@item load
-@itemx load @var{libname}
-@kindex catch load
-The dynamic loading of any shared library, or the loading of the library
-@var{libname}. This is currently only available for HP-UX.
-
-@item unload
-@itemx unload @var{libname}
-@kindex catch unload
-The unloading of any dynamically loaded shared library, or the unloading
-of the library @var{libname}. This is currently only available for HP-UX.
-@end table
-
-@item tcatch @var{event}
-Set a catchpoint that is enabled only for one stop. The catchpoint is
-automatically deleted after the first time the event is caught.
-
-@end table
-
-Use the @code{info break} command to list the current catchpoints.
-
-There are currently some limitations to C++ exception handling
-(@code{catch throw} and @code{catch catch}) in @value{GDBN}:
-
-@itemize @bullet
-@item
-If you call a function interactively, @value{GDBN} normally returns
-control to you when the function has finished executing. If the call
-raises an exception, however, the call may bypass the mechanism that
-returns control to you and cause your program either to abort or to
-simply continue running until it hits a breakpoint, catches a signal
-that @value{GDBN} is listening for, or exits. This is the case even if
-you set a catchpoint for the exception; catchpoints on exceptions are
-disabled within interactive calls.
-
-@item
-You cannot raise an exception interactively.
-
-@item
-You cannot install an exception handler interactively.
-@end itemize
-
-@cindex raise exceptions
-Sometimes @code{catch} is not the best way to debug exception handling:
-if you need to know exactly where an exception is raised, it is better to
-stop @emph{before} the exception handler is called, since that way you
-can see the stack before any unwinding takes place. If you set a
-breakpoint in an exception handler instead, it may not be easy to find
-out where the exception was raised.
-
-To stop just before an exception handler is called, you need some
-knowledge of the implementation. In the case of @sc{gnu} C++, exceptions are
-raised by calling a library function named @code{__raise_exception}
-which has the following ANSI C interface:
-
-@example
- /* @var{addr} is where the exception identifier is stored.
- ID is the exception identifier. */
- void __raise_exception (void **@var{addr}, void *@var{id});
-@end example
-
-@noindent
-To make the debugger catch all exceptions before any stack
-unwinding takes place, set a breakpoint on @code{__raise_exception}
-(@pxref{Breakpoints, ,Breakpoints; watchpoints; and exceptions}).
-
-With a conditional breakpoint (@pxref{Conditions, ,Break conditions})
-that depends on the value of @var{id}, you can stop your program when
-a specific exception is raised. You can use multiple conditional
-breakpoints to stop your program when any of a number of exceptions are
-raised.
-
-
-@node Delete Breaks, Disabling, Set Catchpoints, Breakpoints
-@subsection Deleting breakpoints
-
-@cindex clearing breakpoints, watchpoints, catchpoints
-@cindex deleting breakpoints, watchpoints, catchpoints
-It is often necessary to eliminate a breakpoint, watchpoint, or
-catchpoint once it has done its job and you no longer want your program
-to stop there. This is called @dfn{deleting} the breakpoint. A
-breakpoint that has been deleted no longer exists; it is forgotten.
-
-With the @code{clear} command you can delete breakpoints according to
-where they are in your program. With the @code{delete} command you can
-delete individual breakpoints, watchpoints, or catchpoints by specifying
-their breakpoint numbers.
-
-It is not necessary to delete a breakpoint to proceed past it. @value{GDBN}
-automatically ignores breakpoints on the first instruction to be executed
-when you continue execution without changing the execution address.
-
-@table @code
-@kindex clear
-@item clear
-Delete any breakpoints at the next instruction to be executed in the
-selected stack frame (@pxref{Selection, ,Selecting a frame}). When
-the innermost frame is selected, this is a good way to delete a
-breakpoint where your program just stopped.
-
-@item clear @var{function}
-@itemx clear @var{filename}:@var{function}
-Delete any breakpoints set at entry to the function @var{function}.
-
-@item clear @var{linenum}
-@itemx clear @var{filename}:@var{linenum}
-Delete any breakpoints set at or within the code of the specified line.
-
-@cindex delete breakpoints
-@kindex delete
-@kindex d
-@item delete @r{[}breakpoints@r{]} @r{[}@var{bnums}@dots{}@r{]}
-Delete the breakpoints, watchpoints, or catchpoints of the numbers
-specified as arguments. If no argument is specified, delete all
-breakpoints (@value{GDBN} asks confirmation, unless you have @code{set
-confirm off}). You can abbreviate this command as @code{d}.
-@end table
-
-@node Disabling, Conditions, Delete Breaks, Breakpoints
-@subsection Disabling breakpoints
-
-@kindex disable breakpoints
-@kindex enable breakpoints
-Rather than deleting a breakpoint, watchpoint, or catchpoint, you might
-prefer to @dfn{disable} it. This makes the breakpoint inoperative as if
-it had been deleted, but remembers the information on the breakpoint so
-that you can @dfn{enable} it again later.
-
-You disable and enable breakpoints, watchpoints, and catchpoints with
-the @code{enable} and @code{disable} commands, optionally specifying one
-or more breakpoint numbers as arguments. Use @code{info break} or
-@code{info watch} to print a list of breakpoints, watchpoints, and
-catchpoints if you do not know which numbers to use.
-
-A breakpoint, watchpoint, or catchpoint can have any of four different
-states of enablement:
-
-@itemize @bullet
-@item
-Enabled. The breakpoint stops your program. A breakpoint set
-with the @code{break} command starts out in this state.
-@item
-Disabled. The breakpoint has no effect on your program.
-@item
-Enabled once. The breakpoint stops your program, but then becomes
-disabled. A breakpoint set with the @code{tbreak} command starts out in
-this state.
-@item
-Enabled for deletion. The breakpoint stops your program, but
-immediately after it does so it is deleted permanently.
-@end itemize
-
-You can use the following commands to enable or disable breakpoints,
-watchpoints, and catchpoints:
-
-@table @code
-@kindex disable breakpoints
-@kindex disable
-@kindex dis
-@item disable @r{[}breakpoints@r{]} @r{[}@var{bnums}@dots{}@r{]}
-Disable the specified breakpoints---or all breakpoints, if none are
-listed. A disabled breakpoint has no effect but is not forgotten. All
-options such as ignore-counts, conditions and commands are remembered in
-case the breakpoint is enabled again later. You may abbreviate
-@code{disable} as @code{dis}.
-
-@kindex enable breakpoints
-@kindex enable
-@item enable @r{[}breakpoints@r{]} @r{[}@var{bnums}@dots{}@r{]}
-Enable the specified breakpoints (or all defined breakpoints). They
-become effective once again in stopping your program.
-
-@item enable @r{[}breakpoints@r{]} once @var{bnums}@dots{}
-Enable the specified breakpoints temporarily. @value{GDBN} disables any
-of these breakpoints immediately after stopping your program.
-
-@item enable @r{[}breakpoints@r{]} delete @var{bnums}@dots{}
-Enable the specified breakpoints to work once, then die. @value{GDBN}
-deletes any of these breakpoints as soon as your program stops there.
-@end table
-
-Except for a breakpoint set with @code{tbreak} (@pxref{Set Breaks,
-,Setting breakpoints}), breakpoints that you set are initially enabled;
-subsequently, they become disabled or enabled only when you use one of
-the commands above. (The command @code{until} can set and delete a
-breakpoint of its own, but it does not change the state of your other
-breakpoints; see @ref{Continuing and Stepping, ,Continuing and
-stepping}.)
-
-@node Conditions, Break Commands, Disabling, Breakpoints
-@subsection Break conditions
-@cindex conditional breakpoints
-@cindex breakpoint conditions
-
-@c FIXME what is scope of break condition expr? Context where wanted?
-@c in particular for a watchpoint?
-The simplest sort of breakpoint breaks every time your program reaches a
-specified place. You can also specify a @dfn{condition} for a
-breakpoint. A condition is just a Boolean expression in your
-programming language (@pxref{Expressions, ,Expressions}). A breakpoint with
-a condition evaluates the expression each time your program reaches it,
-and your program stops only if the condition is @emph{true}.
-
-This is the converse of using assertions for program validation; in that
-situation, you want to stop when the assertion is violated---that is,
-when the condition is false. In C, if you want to test an assertion expressed
-by the condition @var{assert}, you should set the condition
-@samp{! @var{assert}} on the appropriate breakpoint.
-
-Conditions are also accepted for watchpoints; you may not need them,
-since a watchpoint is inspecting the value of an expression anyhow---but
-it might be simpler, say, to just set a watchpoint on a variable name,
-and specify a condition that tests whether the new value is an interesting
-one.
-
-Break conditions can have side effects, and may even call functions in
-your program. This can be useful, for example, to activate functions
-that log program progress, or to use your own print functions to
-format special data structures. The effects are completely predictable
-unless there is another enabled breakpoint at the same address. (In
-that case, @value{GDBN} might see the other breakpoint first and stop your
-program without checking the condition of this one.) Note that
-breakpoint commands are usually more convenient and flexible for the
-purpose of performing side effects when a breakpoint is reached
-(@pxref{Break Commands, ,Breakpoint command lists}).
-
-Break conditions can be specified when a breakpoint is set, by using
-@samp{if} in the arguments to the @code{break} command. @xref{Set
-Breaks, ,Setting breakpoints}. They can also be changed at any time
-with the @code{condition} command.
-@ifclear HPPA
-@c The watch command now seems to recognize the if keyword.
-@c catch doesn't, though.
-The @code{watch} command does not recognize the @code{if} keyword;
-@code{condition} is the only way to impose a further condition on a
-watchpoint.
-@end ifclear
-@ifset HPPA
-You can also use the @code{if} keyword with the @code{watch} command.
-The @code{catch} command does not recognize the @code{if} keyword;
-@code{condition} is the only way to impose a further condition on a
-catchpoint.
-@end ifset
-
-@table @code
-@kindex condition
-@item condition @var{bnum} @var{expression}
-Specify @var{expression} as the break condition for breakpoint,
-watchpoint, or catchpoint number @var{bnum}. After you set a condition,
-breakpoint @var{bnum} stops your program only if the value of
-@var{expression} is true (nonzero, in C). When you use
-@code{condition}, @value{GDBN} checks @var{expression} immediately for
-syntactic correctness, and to determine whether symbols in it have
-referents in the context of your breakpoint.
-@c FIXME so what does GDB do if there is no referent? Moreover, what
-@c about watchpoints?
-@value{GDBN} does
-not actually evaluate @var{expression} at the time the @code{condition}
-command is given, however. @xref{Expressions, ,Expressions}.
-
-@item condition @var{bnum}
-Remove the condition from breakpoint number @var{bnum}. It becomes
-an ordinary unconditional breakpoint.
-@end table
-
-@cindex ignore count (of breakpoint)
-A special case of a breakpoint condition is to stop only when the
-breakpoint has been reached a certain number of times. This is so
-useful that there is a special way to do it, using the @dfn{ignore
-count} of the breakpoint. Every breakpoint has an ignore count, which
-is an integer. Most of the time, the ignore count is zero, and
-therefore has no effect. But if your program reaches a breakpoint whose
-ignore count is positive, then instead of stopping, it just decrements
-the ignore count by one and continues. As a result, if the ignore count
-value is @var{n}, the breakpoint does not stop the next @var{n} times
-your program reaches it.
-
-@table @code
-@kindex ignore
-@item ignore @var{bnum} @var{count}
-Set the ignore count of breakpoint number @var{bnum} to @var{count}.
-The next @var{count} times the breakpoint is reached, your program's
-execution does not stop; other than to decrement the ignore count, @value{GDBN}
-takes no action.
-
-To make the breakpoint stop the next time it is reached, specify
-a count of zero.
-
-When you use @code{continue} to resume execution of your program from a
-breakpoint, you can specify an ignore count directly as an argument to
-@code{continue}, rather than using @code{ignore}. @xref{Continuing and
-Stepping,,Continuing and stepping}.
-
-If a breakpoint has a positive ignore count and a condition, the
-condition is not checked. Once the ignore count reaches zero,
-@value{GDBN} resumes checking the condition.
-
-You could achieve the effect of the ignore count with a condition such
-as @w{@samp{$foo-- <= 0}} using a debugger convenience variable that
-is decremented each time. @xref{Convenience Vars, ,Convenience
-variables}.
-@end table
-
-Ignore counts apply to breakpoints, watchpoints, and catchpoints.
-
-
-@node Break Commands, Breakpoint Menus, Conditions, Breakpoints
-@subsection Breakpoint command lists
-
-@cindex breakpoint commands
-You can give any breakpoint (or watchpoint or catchpoint) a series of
-commands to execute when your program stops due to that breakpoint. For
-example, you might want to print the values of certain expressions, or
-enable other breakpoints.
-
-@table @code
-@kindex commands
-@kindex end
-@item commands @r{[}@var{bnum}@r{]}
-@itemx @dots{} @var{command-list} @dots{}
-@itemx end
-Specify a list of commands for breakpoint number @var{bnum}. The commands
-themselves appear on the following lines. Type a line containing just
-@code{end} to terminate the commands.
-
-To remove all commands from a breakpoint, type @code{commands} and
-follow it immediately with @code{end}; that is, give no commands.
-
-With no @var{bnum} argument, @code{commands} refers to the last
-breakpoint, watchpoint, or catchpoint set (not to the breakpoint most
-recently encountered).
-@end table
-
-Pressing @key{RET} as a means of repeating the last @value{GDBN} command is
-disabled within a @var{command-list}.
-
-You can use breakpoint commands to start your program up again. Simply
-use the @code{continue} command, or @code{step}, or any other command
-that resumes execution.
-
-Any other commands in the command list, after a command that resumes
-execution, are ignored. This is because any time you resume execution
-(even with a simple @code{next} or @code{step}), you may encounter
-another breakpoint---which could have its own command list, leading to
-ambiguities about which list to execute.
-
-@kindex silent
-If the first command you specify in a command list is @code{silent}, the
-usual message about stopping at a breakpoint is not printed. This may
-be desirable for breakpoints that are to print a specific message and
-then continue. If none of the remaining commands print anything, you
-see no sign that the breakpoint was reached. @code{silent} is
-meaningful only at the beginning of a breakpoint command list.
-
-The commands @code{echo}, @code{output}, and @code{printf} allow you to
-print precisely controlled output, and are often useful in silent
-breakpoints. @xref{Output, ,Commands for controlled output}.
-
-For example, here is how you could use breakpoint commands to print the
-value of @code{x} at entry to @code{foo} whenever @code{x} is positive.
-
-@example
-break foo if x>0
-commands
-silent
-printf "x is %d\n",x
-cont
-end
-@end example
-
-One application for breakpoint commands is to compensate for one bug so
-you can test for another. Put a breakpoint just after the erroneous line
-of code, give it a condition to detect the case in which something
-erroneous has been done, and give it commands to assign correct values
-to any variables that need them. End with the @code{continue} command
-so that your program does not stop, and start with the @code{silent}
-command so that no output is produced. Here is an example:
-
-@example
-break 403
-commands
-silent
-set x = y + 4
-cont
-end
-@end example
-
-@ifclear CONLY
-@node Breakpoint Menus, , Break Commands, Breakpoints
-@subsection Breakpoint menus
-@cindex overloading
-@cindex symbol overloading
-
-Some programming languages (notably C++) permit a single function name
-to be defined several times, for application in different contexts.
-This is called @dfn{overloading}. When a function name is overloaded,
-@samp{break @var{function}} is not enough to tell @value{GDBN} where you want
-a breakpoint. If you realize this is a problem, you can use
-something like @samp{break @var{function}(@var{types})} to specify which
-particular version of the function you want. Otherwise, @value{GDBN} offers
-you a menu of numbered choices for different possible breakpoints, and
-waits for your selection with the prompt @samp{>}. The first two
-options are always @samp{[0] cancel} and @samp{[1] all}. Typing @kbd{1}
-sets a breakpoint at each definition of @var{function}, and typing
-@kbd{0} aborts the @code{break} command without setting any new
-breakpoints.
-
-For example, the following session excerpt shows an attempt to set a
-breakpoint at the overloaded symbol @code{String::after}.
-We choose three particular definitions of that function name:
-
-@c FIXME! This is likely to change to show arg type lists, at least
-@smallexample
-@group
-(@value{GDBP}) b String::after
-[0] cancel
-[1] all
-[2] file:String.cc; line number:867
-[3] file:String.cc; line number:860
-[4] file:String.cc; line number:875
-[5] file:String.cc; line number:853
-[6] file:String.cc; line number:846
-[7] file:String.cc; line number:735
-> 2 4 6
-Breakpoint 1 at 0xb26c: file String.cc, line 867.
-Breakpoint 2 at 0xb344: file String.cc, line 875.
-Breakpoint 3 at 0xafcc: file String.cc, line 846.
-Multiple breakpoints were set.
-Use the "delete" command to delete unwanted
- breakpoints.
-(@value{GDBP})
-@end group
-@end smallexample
-@end ifclear
-
-@c @ifclear BARETARGET
-@c @node Error in Breakpoints
-@c @subsection ``Cannot insert breakpoints''
-@c
-@c FIXME!! 14/6/95 Is there a real example of this? Let's use it.
-@c
-@c Under some operating systems, breakpoints cannot be used in a program if
-@c any other process is running that program. In this situation,
-@c attempting to run or continue a program with a breakpoint causes
-@c @value{GDBN} to stop the other process.
-@c
-@c When this happens, you have three ways to proceed:
-@c
-@c @enumerate
-@c @item
-@c Remove or disable the breakpoints, then continue.
-@c
-@c @item
-@c Suspend @value{GDBN}, and copy the file containing your program to a new
-@c name. Resume @value{GDBN} and use the @code{exec-file} command to specify
-@c that @value{GDBN} should run your program under that name.
-@c Then start your program again.
-@c
-@c @item
-@c Relink your program so that the text segment is nonsharable, using the
-@c linker option @samp{-N}. The operating system limitation may not apply
-@c to nonsharable executables.
-@c @end enumerate
-@c @end ifclear
-
-@node Continuing and Stepping, Signals, Breakpoints, Stopping
-@section Continuing and stepping
-
-@cindex stepping
-@cindex continuing
-@cindex resuming execution
-@dfn{Continuing} means resuming program execution until your program
-completes normally. In contrast, @dfn{stepping} means executing just
-one more ``step'' of your program, where ``step'' may mean either one
-line of source code, or one machine instruction (depending on what
-particular command you use). Either when continuing
-or when stepping, your program may stop even sooner, due to
-@ifset BARETARGET
-a breakpoint.
-@end ifset
-@ifclear BARETARGET
-a breakpoint or a signal. (If due to a signal, you may want to use
-@code{handle}, or use @samp{signal 0} to resume execution.
-@xref{Signals, ,Signals}.)
-@end ifclear
-
-@table @code
-@kindex continue
-@kindex c
-@kindex fg
-@item continue @r{[}@var{ignore-count}@r{]}
-@itemx c @r{[}@var{ignore-count}@r{]}
-@itemx fg @r{[}@var{ignore-count}@r{]}
-Resume program execution, at the address where your program last stopped;
-any breakpoints set at that address are bypassed. The optional argument
-@var{ignore-count} allows you to specify a further number of times to
-ignore a breakpoint at this location; its effect is like that of
-@code{ignore} (@pxref{Conditions, ,Break conditions}).
-
-The argument @var{ignore-count} is meaningful only when your program
-stopped due to a breakpoint. At other times, the argument to
-@code{continue} is ignored.
-
-The synonyms @code{c} and @code{fg} are provided purely for convenience,
-and have exactly the same behavior as @code{continue}.
-@end table
-
-To resume execution at a different place, you can use @code{return}
-(@pxref{Returning, ,Returning from a function}) to go back to the
-calling function; or @code{jump} (@pxref{Jumping, ,Continuing at a
-different address}) to go to an arbitrary location in your program.
-
-A typical technique for using stepping is to set a breakpoint
-(@pxref{Breakpoints, ,Breakpoints; watchpoints; and catchpoints}) at the
-beginning of the function or the section of your program where a problem
-is believed to lie, run your program until it stops at that breakpoint,
-and then step through the suspect area, examining the variables that are
-interesting, until you see the problem happen.
-
-@table @code
-@kindex step
-@kindex s
-@item step
-Continue running your program until control reaches a different source
-line, then stop it and return control to @value{GDBN}. This command is
-abbreviated @code{s}.
-
-@quotation
-@c "without debugging information" is imprecise; actually "without line
-@c numbers in the debugging information". (gcc -g1 has debugging info but
-@c not line numbers). But it seems complex to try to make that
-@c distinction here.
-@emph{Warning:} If you use the @code{step} command while control is
-within a function that was compiled without debugging information,
-execution proceeds until control reaches a function that does have
-debugging information. Likewise, it will not step into a function which
-is compiled without debugging information. To step through functions
-without debugging information, use the @code{stepi} command, described
-below.
-@end quotation
-
-The @code{step} command now only stops at the first instruction of a
-source line. This prevents the multiple stops that used to occur in
-switch statements, for loops, etc. @code{step} continues to stop if a
-function that has debugging information is called within the line.
-
-Also, the @code{step} command now only enters a subroutine if there is line
-number information for the subroutine. Otherwise it acts like the
-@code{next} command. This avoids problems when using @code{cc -gl}
-on MIPS machines. Previously, @code{step} entered subroutines if there
-was any debugging information about the routine.
-
-@item step @var{count}
-Continue running as in @code{step}, but do so @var{count} times. If a
-breakpoint is reached,
-@ifclear BARETARGET
-or a signal not related to stepping occurs before @var{count} steps,
-@end ifclear
-stepping stops right away.
-
-@kindex next
-@kindex n
-@item next @r{[}@var{count}@r{]}
-Continue to the next source line in the current (innermost) stack frame.
-This is similar to @code{step}, but function calls that appear within the line
-of code are executed without stopping. Execution stops when control
-reaches a different line of code at the original stack level that was
-executing when you gave the @code{next} command. This command is abbreviated
-@code{n}.
-
-An argument @var{count} is a repeat count, as for @code{step}.
-
-
-@c FIX ME!! Do we delete this, or is there a way it fits in with
-@c the following paragraph? --- Vctoria
-@c
-@c @code{next} within a function that lacks debugging information acts like
-@c @code{step}, but any function calls appearing within the code of the
-@c function are executed without stopping.
-
-The @code{next} command now only stops at the first instruction of a
-source line. This prevents the multiple stops that used to occur in
-switch statements, for loops, etc.
-
-@kindex finish
-@item finish
-Continue running until just after function in the selected stack frame
-returns. Print the returned value (if any).
-
-Contrast this with the @code{return} command (@pxref{Returning,
-,Returning from a function}).
-
-@kindex until
-@kindex u
-@item until
-@itemx u
-Continue running until a source line past the current line, in the
-current stack frame, is reached. This command is used to avoid single
-stepping through a loop more than once. It is like the @code{next}
-command, except that when @code{until} encounters a jump, it
-automatically continues execution until the program counter is greater
-than the address of the jump.
-
-This means that when you reach the end of a loop after single stepping
-though it, @code{until} makes your program continue execution until it
-exits the loop. In contrast, a @code{next} command at the end of a loop
-simply steps back to the beginning of the loop, which forces you to step
-through the next iteration.
-
-@code{until} always stops your program if it attempts to exit the current
-stack frame.
-
-@code{until} may produce somewhat counterintuitive results if the order
-of machine code does not match the order of the source lines. For
-example, in the following excerpt from a debugging session, the @code{f}
-(@code{frame}) command shows that execution is stopped at line
-@code{206}; yet when we use @code{until}, we get to line @code{195}:
-
-@example
-(@value{GDBP}) f
-#0 main (argc=4, argv=0xf7fffae8) at m4.c:206
-206 expand_input();
-(@value{GDBP}) until
-195 for ( ; argc > 0; NEXTARG) @{
-@end example
-
-This happened because, for execution efficiency, the compiler had
-generated code for the loop closure test at the end, rather than the
-start, of the loop---even though the test in a C @code{for}-loop is
-written before the body of the loop. The @code{until} command appeared
-to step back to the beginning of the loop when it advanced to this
-expression; however, it has not really gone to an earlier
-statement---not in terms of the actual machine code.
-
-@code{until} with no argument works by means of single
-instruction stepping, and hence is slower than @code{until} with an
-argument.
-
-@item until @var{location}
-@itemx u @var{location}
-Continue running your program until either the specified location is
-reached, or the current stack frame returns. @var{location} is any of
-the forms of argument acceptable to @code{break} (@pxref{Set Breaks,
-,Setting breakpoints}). This form of the command uses breakpoints,
-and hence is quicker than @code{until} without an argument.
-
-@kindex stepi
-@kindex si
-@item stepi
-@itemx si
-Execute one machine instruction, then stop and return to the debugger.
-
-It is often useful to do @samp{display/i $pc} when stepping by machine
-instructions. This makes @value{GDBN} automatically display the next
-instruction to be executed, each time your program stops. @xref{Auto
-Display,, Automatic display}.
-
-An argument is a repeat count, as in @code{step}.
-
-@need 750
-@kindex nexti
-@kindex ni
-@item nexti
-@itemx ni
-Execute one machine instruction, but if it is a function call,
-proceed until the function returns.
-
-An argument is a repeat count, as in @code{next}.
-@end table
-
-@ifset POSIX
-@node Signals, Thread Stops, Continuing and Stepping, Stopping
-@section Signals
-@cindex signals
-
-A signal is an asynchronous event that can happen in a program. The
-operating system defines the possible kinds of signals, and gives each
-kind a name and a number. For example, in Unix @code{SIGINT} is the
-signal a program gets when you type an interrupt (often @kbd{C-c});
-@code{SIGSEGV} is the signal a program gets from referencing a place in
-memory far away from all the areas in use; @code{SIGALRM} occurs when
-the alarm clock timer goes off (which happens only if your program has
-requested an alarm).
-
-@cindex fatal signals
-Some signals, including @code{SIGALRM}, are a normal part of the
-functioning of your program. Others, such as @code{SIGSEGV}, indicate
-errors; these signals are @dfn{fatal} (kill your program immediately) if the
-program has not specified in advance some other way to handle the signal.
-@code{SIGINT} does not indicate an error in your program, but it is normally
-fatal so it can carry out the purpose of the interrupt: to kill the program.
-
-@value{GDBN} has the ability to detect any occurrence of a signal in your
-program. You can tell @value{GDBN} in advance what to do for each kind of
-signal.
-
-@cindex handling signals
-Normally, @value{GDBN} is set up to ignore non-erroneous signals like @code{SIGALRM}
-(so as not to interfere with their role in the functioning of your program)
-but to stop your program immediately whenever an error signal happens.
-You can change these settings with the @code{handle} command.
-
-@table @code
-@kindex info signals
-@item info signals
-Print a table of all the kinds of signals and how @value{GDBN} has been told to
-handle each one. You can use this to see the signal numbers of all
-the defined types of signals.
-
-@code{info handle} is the new alias for @code{info signals}.
-
-@kindex handle
-@item handle @var{signal} @var{keywords}@dots{}
-Change the way @value{GDBN} handles signal @var{signal}. @var{signal} can
-be the number of a signal or its name (with or without the @samp{SIG} at the
-beginning). The @var{keywords} say what change to make.
-@end table
-
-@c @group
-The keywords allowed by the @code{handle} command can be abbreviated.
-Their full names are:
-
-@table @code
-@item nostop
-@value{GDBN} should not stop your program when this signal happens. It may
-still print a message telling you that the signal has come in.
-
-@item stop
-@value{GDBN} should stop your program when this signal happens. This implies
-the @code{print} keyword as well.
-
-@item print
-@value{GDBN} should print a message when this signal happens.
-
-@item noprint
-@value{GDBN} should not mention the occurrence of the signal at all. This
-implies the @code{nostop} keyword as well.
-
-@item pass
-@value{GDBN} should allow your program to see this signal; your program
-can handle the signal, or else it may terminate if the signal is fatal
-and not handled.
-
-@item nopass
-@value{GDBN} should not allow your program to see this signal.
-@end table
-@c @end group
-
-When a signal stops your program, the signal is not visible until you
-continue. Your program sees the signal then, if @code{pass} is in
-effect for the signal in question @emph{at that time}. In other words,
-after @value{GDBN} reports a signal, you can use the @code{handle}
-command with @code{pass} or @code{nopass} to control whether your
-program sees that signal when you continue.
-
-You can also use the @code{signal} command to prevent your program from
-seeing a signal, or cause it to see a signal it normally would not see,
-or to give it any signal at any time. For example, if your program stopped
-due to some sort of memory reference error, you might store correct
-values into the erroneous variables and continue, hoping to see more
-execution; but your program would probably terminate immediately as
-a result of the fatal signal once it saw the signal. To prevent this,
-you can continue with @samp{signal 0}. @xref{Signaling, ,Giving your
-program a signal}.
-@end ifset
-
-@ifclear BARETARGET
-@node Thread Stops, , Signals, Stopping
-@section Stopping and starting multi-thread programs
-
-When your program has multiple threads (@pxref{Threads,, Debugging
-programs with multiple threads}), you can choose whether to set
-breakpoints on all threads, or on a particular thread.
-
-@table @code
-@cindex breakpoints and threads
-@cindex thread breakpoints
-@kindex break @dots{} thread @var{threadno}
-@item break @var{linespec} thread @var{threadno}
-@itemx break @var{linespec} thread @var{threadno} if @dots{}
-@var{linespec} specifies source lines; there are several ways of
-writing them, but the effect is always to specify some source line.
-
-Use the qualifier @samp{thread @var{threadno}} with a breakpoint command
-to specify that you only want @value{GDBN} to stop the program when a
-particular thread reaches this breakpoint. @var{threadno} is one of the
-numeric thread identifiers assigned by @value{GDBN}, shown in the first
-column of the @samp{info threads} display.
-
-If you do not specify @samp{thread @var{threadno}} when you set a
-breakpoint, the breakpoint applies to @emph{all} threads of your
-program.
-
-You can use the @code{thread} qualifier on conditional breakpoints as
-well; in this case, place @samp{thread @var{threadno}} before the
-breakpoint condition, like this:
-
-@smallexample
-(gdb) break frik.c:13 thread 28 if bartab > lim
-@end smallexample
-
-@end table
-
-@cindex stopped threads
-@cindex threads, stopped
-Whenever your program stops under @value{GDBN} for any reason,
-@emph{all} threads of execution stop, not just the current thread. This
-allows you to examine the overall state of the program, including
-switching between threads, without worrying that things may change
-underfoot.
-
-@cindex continuing threads
-@cindex threads, continuing
-Conversely, whenever you restart the program, @emph{all} threads start
-executing. @emph{This is true even when single-stepping} with commands
-like @code{step} or @code{next}.
-
-In particular, @value{GDBN} cannot single-step all threads in lockstep.
-Since thread scheduling is up to your debugging target's operating
-system (not controlled by @value{GDBN}), other threads may
-execute more than one statement while the current thread completes a
-single step. Moreover, in general other threads stop in the middle of a
-statement, rather than at a clean statement boundary, when the program
-stops.
-
-You might even find your program stopped in another thread after
-continuing or even single-stepping. This happens whenever some other
-thread runs into a breakpoint, a signal, or an exception before the
-first thread completes whatever you requested.
-
-On some OSes, you can lock the OS scheduler and thus allow only a single
-thread to run.
-
-@table @code
-@item set scheduler-locking @var{mode}
-Set the scheduler locking mode. If it is @code{off}, then there is no
-locking and any thread may run at any time. If @code{on}, then only the
-current thread may run when the inferior is resumed. The @code{step}
-mode optimizes for single-stepping. It stops other threads from
-``seizing the prompt'' by preempting the current thread while you are
-stepping. Other threads will only rarely (or never) get a chance to run
-when you step. They are more likely to run when you ``next'' over a
-function call, and they are completely free to run when you use commands
-like ``continue'', ``until'', or ``finish''. However, unless another
-thread hits a breakpoint during its timeslice, they will never steal the
-GDB prompt away from the thread that you are debugging.
-
-@item show scheduler-locking
-Display the current scheduler locking mode.
-@end table
-
-@end ifclear
-
-
-@node Stack, Source, Stopping, Top
-@chapter Examining the Stack
-
-When your program has stopped, the first thing you need to know is where it
-stopped and how it got there.
-
-@cindex call stack
-Each time your program performs a function call, information about the call
-is generated.
-That information includes the location of the call in your program,
-the arguments of the call,
-and the local variables of the function being called.
-The information is saved in a block of data called a @dfn{stack frame}.
-The stack frames are allocated in a region of memory called the @dfn{call
-stack}.
-
-When your program stops, the @value{GDBN} commands for examining the
-stack allow you to see all of this information.
-
-@cindex selected frame
-One of the stack frames is @dfn{selected} by @value{GDBN} and many
-@value{GDBN} commands refer implicitly to the selected frame. In
-particular, whenever you ask @value{GDBN} for the value of a variable in
-your program, the value is found in the selected frame. There are
-special @value{GDBN} commands to select whichever frame you are
-interested in. @xref{Selection, ,Selecting a frame}.
-
-When your program stops, @value{GDBN} automatically selects the
-currently executing frame and describes it briefly, similar to the
-@code{frame} command (@pxref{Frame Info, ,Information about a frame}).
-
-@menu
-* Frames:: Stack frames
-* Backtrace:: Backtraces
-* Selection:: Selecting a frame
-* Frame Info:: Information on a frame
-* Alpha/MIPS Stack:: Alpha and MIPS machines and the function stack
-
-@end menu
-
-@node Frames, Backtrace, Stack, Stack
-@section Stack frames
-
-@cindex frame
-@cindex stack frame
-The call stack is divided up into contiguous pieces called @dfn{stack
-frames}, or @dfn{frames} for short; each frame is the data associated
-with one call to one function. The frame contains the arguments given
-to the function, the function's local variables, and the address at
-which the function is executing.
-
-@cindex initial frame
-@cindex outermost frame
-@cindex innermost frame
-When your program is started, the stack has only one frame, that of the
-function @code{main}. This is called the @dfn{initial} frame or the
-@dfn{outermost} frame. Each time a function is called, a new frame is
-made. Each time a function returns, the frame for that function invocation
-is eliminated. If a function is recursive, there can be many frames for
-the same function. The frame for the function in which execution is
-actually occurring is called the @dfn{innermost} frame. This is the most
-recently created of all the stack frames that still exist.
-
-@cindex frame pointer
-Inside your program, stack frames are identified by their addresses. A
-stack frame consists of many bytes, each of which has its own address; each
-kind of computer has a convention for choosing one byte whose
-address serves as the address of the frame. Usually this address is kept
-in a register called the @dfn{frame pointer register} while execution is
-going on in that frame.
-
-@cindex frame number
-@value{GDBN} assigns numbers to all existing stack frames, starting with
-zero for the innermost frame, one for the frame that called it,
-and so on upward. These numbers do not really exist in your program;
-they are assigned by @value{GDBN} to give you a way of designating stack
-frames in @value{GDBN} commands.
-
-@c below produces an acceptable overful hbox. --mew 13aug1993
-@cindex frameless execution
-Some compilers provide a way to compile functions so that they operate
-without stack frames. (For example, the @code{@value{GCC}} option
-@samp{-fomit-frame-pointer} generates functions without a frame.)
-This is occasionally done with heavily used library functions to save
-the frame setup time. @value{GDBN} has limited facilities for dealing
-with these function invocations. If the innermost function invocation
-has no stack frame, @value{GDBN} nevertheless regards it as though
-it had a separate frame, which is numbered zero as usual, allowing
-correct tracing of the function call chain. However, @value{GDBN} has
-no provision for frameless functions elsewhere in the stack.
-
-@table @code
-@kindex frame
-@item frame @var{args}
-The @code{frame} command allows you to move from one stack frame to another,
-and to print the stack frame you select. @var{args} may be either the
-address of the frame or the stack frame number. Without an argument,
-@code{frame} prints the current stack frame.
-
-@kindex select-frame
-@item select-frame
-The @code{select-frame} command allows you to move from one stack frame
-to another without printing the frame. This is the silent version of
-@code{frame}.
-@end table
-
-@node Backtrace, Selection, Frames, Stack
-@section Backtraces
-
-@cindex backtraces
-@cindex tracebacks
-@cindex stack traces
-A backtrace is a summary of how your program got where it is. It shows one
-line per frame, for many frames, starting with the currently executing
-frame (frame zero), followed by its caller (frame one), and on up the
-stack.
-
-@table @code
-@kindex backtrace
-@kindex bt
-@item backtrace
-@itemx bt
-Print a backtrace of the entire stack: one line per frame for all
-frames in the stack.
-
-You can stop the backtrace at any time by typing the system interrupt
-character, normally @kbd{C-c}.
-
-@item backtrace @var{n}
-@itemx bt @var{n}
-Similar, but print only the innermost @var{n} frames.
-
-@item backtrace -@var{n}
-@itemx bt -@var{n}
-Similar, but print only the outermost @var{n} frames.
-@end table
-
-@kindex where
-@kindex info stack
-@kindex info s
-The names @code{where} and @code{info stack} (abbreviated @code{info s})
-are additional aliases for @code{backtrace}.
-
-Each line in the backtrace shows the frame number and the function name.
-The program counter value is also shown---unless you use @code{set
-print address off}. The backtrace also shows the source file name and
-line number, as well as the arguments to the function. The program
-counter value is omitted if it is at the beginning of the code for that
-line number.
-
-Here is an example of a backtrace. It was made with the command
-@samp{bt 3}, so it shows the innermost three frames.
-
-@smallexample
-@group
-#0 m4_traceon (obs=0x24eb0, argc=1, argv=0x2b8c8)
- at builtin.c:993
-#1 0x6e38 in expand_macro (sym=0x2b600) at macro.c:242
-#2 0x6840 in expand_token (obs=0x0, t=177664, td=0xf7fffb08)
- at macro.c:71
-(More stack frames follow...)
-@end group
-@end smallexample
-
-@noindent
-The display for frame zero does not begin with a program counter
-value, indicating that your program has stopped at the beginning of the
-code for line @code{993} of @code{builtin.c}.
-
-@node Selection, Frame Info, Backtrace, Stack
-@section Selecting a frame
-
-Most commands for examining the stack and other data in your program work on
-whichever stack frame is selected at the moment. Here are the commands for
-selecting a stack frame; all of them finish by printing a brief description
-of the stack frame just selected.
-
-@table @code
-@kindex frame
-@kindex f
-@item frame @var{n}
-@itemx f @var{n}
-Select frame number @var{n}. Recall that frame zero is the innermost
-(currently executing) frame, frame one is the frame that called the
-innermost one, and so on. The highest-numbered frame is the one for
-@code{main}.
-
-@item frame @var{addr}
-@itemx f @var{addr}
-Select the frame at address @var{addr}. This is useful mainly if the
-chaining of stack frames has been damaged by a bug, making it
-impossible for @value{GDBN} to assign numbers properly to all frames. In
-addition, this can be useful when your program has multiple stacks and
-switches between them.
-
-@ifclear H8EXCLUSIVE
-@ifclear HPPA
-On the SPARC architecture, @code{frame} needs two addresses to
-select an arbitrary frame: a frame pointer and a stack pointer.
-
-On the MIPS and Alpha architecture, it needs two addresses: a stack
-pointer and a program counter.
-
-On the 29k architecture, it needs three addresses: a register stack
-pointer, a program counter, and a memory stack pointer.
-@c note to future updaters: this is conditioned on a flag
-@c SETUP_ARBITRARY_FRAME in the tm-*.h files. The above is up to date
-@c as of 27 Jan 1994.
-@end ifclear
-@end ifclear
-
-@kindex up
-@item up @var{n}
-Move @var{n} frames up the stack. For positive numbers @var{n}, this
-advances toward the outermost frame, to higher frame numbers, to frames
-that have existed longer. @var{n} defaults to one.
-
-@kindex down
-@kindex do
-@item down @var{n}
-Move @var{n} frames down the stack. For positive numbers @var{n}, this
-advances toward the innermost frame, to lower frame numbers, to frames
-that were created more recently. @var{n} defaults to one. You may
-abbreviate @code{down} as @code{do}.
-@end table
-
-All of these commands end by printing two lines of output describing the
-frame. The first line shows the frame number, the function name, the
-arguments, and the source file and line number of execution in that
-frame. The second line shows the text of that source line.
-
-@need 1000
-For example:
-
-@smallexample
-@group
-(@value{GDBP}) up
-#1 0x22f0 in main (argc=1, argv=0xf7fffbf4, env=0xf7fffbfc)
- at env.c:10
-10 read_input_file (argv[i]);
-@end group
-@end smallexample
-
-After such a printout, the @code{list} command with no arguments
-prints ten lines centered on the point of execution in the frame.
-@xref{List, ,Printing source lines}.
-
-@table @code
-@kindex down-silently
-@kindex up-silently
-@item up-silently @var{n}
-@itemx down-silently @var{n}
-These two commands are variants of @code{up} and @code{down},
-respectively; they differ in that they do their work silently, without
-causing display of the new frame. They are intended primarily for use
-in @value{GDBN} command scripts, where the output might be unnecessary and
-distracting.
-@end table
-
-@node Frame Info, Alpha/MIPS Stack, Selection, Stack
-@section Information about a frame
-
-There are several other commands to print information about the selected
-stack frame.
-
-@table @code
-@item frame
-@itemx f
-When used without any argument, this command does not change which
-frame is selected, but prints a brief description of the currently
-selected stack frame. It can be abbreviated @code{f}. With an
-argument, this command is used to select a stack frame.
-@xref{Selection, ,Selecting a frame}.
-
-@kindex info frame
-@kindex info f
-@item info frame
-@itemx info f
-This command prints a verbose description of the selected stack frame,
-including:
-
-@itemize @bullet
-@item
-the address of the frame
-@item
-the address of the next frame down (called by this frame)
-@item
-the address of the next frame up (caller of this frame)
-@item
-the language in which the source code corresponding to this frame is written
-@item
-the address of the frame's arguments
-@item
-the program counter saved in it (the address of execution in the caller frame)
-@item
-which registers were saved in the frame
-@end itemize
-
-@noindent The verbose description is useful when
-something has gone wrong that has made the stack format fail to fit
-the usual conventions.
-
-@item info frame @var{addr}
-@itemx info f @var{addr}
-Print a verbose description of the frame at address @var{addr}, without
-selecting that frame. The selected frame remains unchanged by this
-command. This requires the same kind of address (more than one for some
-architectures) that you specify in the @code{frame} command.
-@xref{Selection, ,Selecting a frame}.
-
-@kindex info args
-@item info args
-Print the arguments of the selected frame, each on a separate line.
-
-@item info locals
-@kindex info locals
-Print the local variables of the selected frame, each on a separate
-line. These are all variables (declared either static or automatic)
-accessible at the point of execution of the selected frame.
-
-@ifclear CONLY
-@ifclear HPPA
-@kindex info catch
-@cindex catch exceptions
-@cindex exception handlers
-@item info catch
-Print a list of all the exception handlers that are active in the
-current stack frame at the current point of execution. To see other
-exception handlers, visit the associated frame (using the @code{up},
-@code{down}, or @code{frame} commands); then type @code{info catch}.
-@xref{Set Catchpoints, , Setting catchpoints}.
-@end ifclear
-@end ifclear
-@end table
-
-@node Alpha/MIPS Stack, , Frame Info, Stack
-@section MIPS/Alpha machines and the function stack
-
-@cindex stack on Alpha
-@cindex stack on MIPS
-@cindex Alpha stack
-@cindex MIPS stack
-Alpha- and MIPS-based computers use an unusual stack frame, which
-sometimes requires @value{GDBN} to search backward in the object code to
-find the beginning of a function.
-
-@cindex response time, MIPS debugging
-To improve response time (especially for embedded applications, where
-@value{GDBN} may be restricted to a slow serial line for this search)
-you may want to limit the size of this search, using one of these
-commands:
-
-@table @code
-@cindex @code{heuristic-fence-post} (Alpha,MIPS)
-@item set heuristic-fence-post @var{limit}
-Restrict @value{GDBN} to examining at most @var{limit} bytes in its search
-for the beginning of a function. A value of @var{0} (the default)
-means there is no limit. However, except for @var{0}, the larger the
-limit the more bytes @code{heuristic-fence-post} must search and
-therefore the longer it takes to run.
-
-@item show heuristic-fence-post
-Display the current limit.
-@end table
-
-@noindent
-These commands are available @emph{only} when @value{GDBN} is configured
-for debugging programs on Alpha or MIPS processors.
-
-
-@node Source, Data, Stack, Top
-@chapter Examining Source Files
-
-@value{GDBN} can print parts of your program's source, since the debugging
-information recorded in the program tells @value{GDBN} what source files were
-used to build it. When your program stops, @value{GDBN} spontaneously prints
-the line where it stopped. Likewise, when you select a stack frame
-(@pxref{Selection, ,Selecting a frame}), @value{GDBN} prints the line where
-execution in that frame has stopped. You can print other portions of
-source files by explicit command.
-
-@ifclear DOSHOST
-If you use @value{GDBN} through its @sc{gnu} Emacs interface, you may prefer
-to use
-Emacs facilities to view source; @pxref{Emacs, ,Using @value{GDBN} under @sc{gnu} Emacs}.
-@end ifclear
-
-@menu
-* List:: Printing source lines
-@ifclear DOSHOST
-* Search:: Searching source files
-@end ifclear
-
-* Source Path:: Specifying source directories
-* Machine Code:: Source and machine code
-@end menu
-
-@node List, Search, Source, Source
-@section Printing source lines
-
-@kindex list
-@kindex l
-To print lines from a source file, use the @code{list} command
-(abbreviated @code{l}). By default, ten lines are printed.
-There are several ways to specify what part of the file you want to print.
-
-Here are the forms of the @code{list} command most commonly used:
-
-@table @code
-@item list @var{linenum}
-Print lines centered around line number @var{linenum} in the
-current source file.
-
-@item list @var{function}
-Print lines centered around the beginning of function
-@var{function}.
-
-@item list
-Print more lines. If the last lines printed were printed with a
-@code{list} command, this prints lines following the last lines
-printed; however, if the last line printed was a solitary line printed
-as part of displaying a stack frame (@pxref{Stack, ,Examining the
-Stack}), this prints lines centered around that line.
-
-@item list -
-Print lines just before the lines last printed.
-@end table
-
-By default, @value{GDBN} prints ten source lines with any of these forms of
-the @code{list} command. You can change this using @code{set listsize}:
-
-@table @code
-@kindex set listsize
-@item set listsize @var{count}
-Make the @code{list} command display @var{count} source lines (unless
-the @code{list} argument explicitly specifies some other number).
-
-@kindex show listsize
-@item show listsize
-Display the number of lines that @code{list} prints.
-@end table
-
-Repeating a @code{list} command with @key{RET} discards the argument,
-so it is equivalent to typing just @code{list}. This is more useful
-than listing the same lines again. An exception is made for an
-argument of @samp{-}; that argument is preserved in repetition so that
-each repetition moves up in the source file.
-
-@cindex linespec
-In general, the @code{list} command expects you to supply zero, one or two
-@dfn{linespecs}. Linespecs specify source lines; there are several ways
-of writing them but the effect is always to specify some source line.
-Here is a complete description of the possible arguments for @code{list}:
-
-@table @code
-@item list @var{linespec}
-Print lines centered around the line specified by @var{linespec}.
-
-@item list @var{first},@var{last}
-Print lines from @var{first} to @var{last}. Both arguments are
-linespecs.
-
-@item list ,@var{last}
-Print lines ending with @var{last}.
-
-@item list @var{first},
-Print lines starting with @var{first}.
-
-@item list +
-Print lines just after the lines last printed.
-
-@item list -
-Print lines just before the lines last printed.
-
-@item list
-As described in the preceding table.
-@end table
-
-Here are the ways of specifying a single source line---all the
-kinds of linespec.
-
-@table @code
-@item @var{number}
-Specifies line @var{number} of the current source file.
-When a @code{list} command has two linespecs, this refers to
-the same source file as the first linespec.
-
-@item +@var{offset}
-Specifies the line @var{offset} lines after the last line printed.
-When used as the second linespec in a @code{list} command that has
-two, this specifies the line @var{offset} lines down from the
-first linespec.
-
-@item -@var{offset}
-Specifies the line @var{offset} lines before the last line printed.
-
-@item @var{filename}:@var{number}
-Specifies line @var{number} in the source file @var{filename}.
-
-@item @var{function}
-Specifies the line that begins the body of the function @var{function}.
-For example: in C, this is the line with the open brace.
-
-@item @var{filename}:@var{function}
-Specifies the line of the open-brace that begins the body of the
-function @var{function} in the file @var{filename}. You only need the
-file name with a function name to avoid ambiguity when there are
-identically named functions in different source files.
-
-@item *@var{address}
-Specifies the line containing the program address @var{address}.
-@var{address} may be any expression.
-@end table
-
-@ifclear DOSHOST
-@node Search, Source Path, List, Source
-@section Searching source files
-@cindex searching
-@kindex reverse-search
-
-There are two commands for searching through the current source file for a
-regular expression.
-
-@table @code
-@kindex search
-@kindex forward-search
-@item forward-search @var{regexp}
-@itemx search @var{regexp}
-The command @samp{forward-search @var{regexp}} checks each line,
-starting with the one following the last line listed, for a match for
-@var{regexp}. It lists the line that is found. You can use the
-synonym @samp{search @var{regexp}} or abbreviate the command name as
-@code{fo}.
-
-@item reverse-search @var{regexp}
-The command @samp{reverse-search @var{regexp}} checks each line, starting
-with the one before the last line listed and going backward, for a match
-for @var{regexp}. It lists the line that is found. You can abbreviate
-this command as @code{rev}.
-@end table
-@end ifclear
-
-@node Source Path, Machine Code, Search, Source
-@section Specifying source directories
-
-@cindex source path
-@cindex directories for source files
-Executable programs sometimes do not record the directories of the source
-files from which they were compiled, just the names. Even when they do,
-the directories could be moved between the compilation and your debugging
-session. @value{GDBN} has a list of directories to search for source files;
-this is called the @dfn{source path}. Each time @value{GDBN} wants a source file,
-it tries all the directories in the list, in the order they are present
-in the list, until it finds a file with the desired name. Note that
-the executable search path is @emph{not} used for this purpose. Neither is
-the current working directory, unless it happens to be in the source
-path.
-
-If @value{GDBN} cannot find a source file in the source path, and the
-object program records a directory, @value{GDBN} tries that directory
-too. If the source path is empty, and there is no record of the
-compilation directory, @value{GDBN} looks in the current directory as a
-last resort.
-
-Whenever you reset or rearrange the source path, @value{GDBN} clears out
-any information it has cached about where source files are found and where
-each line is in the file.
-
-@kindex directory
-@kindex dir
-When you start @value{GDBN}, its source path is empty.
-To add other directories, use the @code{directory} command.
-
-@table @code
-@item directory @var{dirname} @dots{}
-@item dir @var{dirname} @dots{}
-Add directory @var{dirname} to the front of the source path. Several
-directory names may be given to this command, separated by @samp{:} or
-whitespace. You may specify a directory that is already in the source
-path; this moves it forward, so @value{GDBN} searches it sooner.
-
-@kindex cdir
-@kindex cwd
-@kindex $cdir
-@kindex $cwd
-@cindex compilation directory
-@cindex current directory
-@cindex working directory
-@cindex directory, current
-@cindex directory, compilation
-You can use the string @samp{$cdir} to refer to the compilation
-directory (if one is recorded), and @samp{$cwd} to refer to the current
-working directory. @samp{$cwd} is not the same as @samp{.}---the former
-tracks the current working directory as it changes during your @value{GDBN}
-session, while the latter is immediately expanded to the current
-directory at the time you add an entry to the source path.
-
-@item directory
-Reset the source path to empty again. This requires confirmation.
-
-@c RET-repeat for @code{directory} is explicitly disabled, but since
-@c repeating it would be a no-op we do not say that. (thanks to RMS)
-
-@item show directories
-@kindex show directories
-Print the source path: show which directories it contains.
-@end table
-
-If your source path is cluttered with directories that are no longer of
-interest, @value{GDBN} may sometimes cause confusion by finding the wrong
-versions of source. You can correct the situation as follows:
-
-@enumerate
-@item
-Use @code{directory} with no argument to reset the source path to empty.
-
-@item
-Use @code{directory} with suitable arguments to reinstall the
-directories you want in the source path. You can add all the
-directories in one command.
-@end enumerate
-
-@node Machine Code, , Source Path, Source
-@section Source and machine code
-
-You can use the command @code{info line} to map source lines to program
-addresses (and vice versa), and the command @code{disassemble} to display
-a range of addresses as machine instructions. When run under @sc{gnu} Emacs
-mode, the @code{info line} command now causes the arrow to point to the
-line specified. Also, @code{info line} prints addresses in symbolic form as
-well as hex.
-
-@table @code
-@kindex info line
-@item info line @var{linespec}
-Print the starting and ending addresses of the compiled code for
-source line @var{linespec}. You can specify source lines in any of
-the ways understood by the @code{list} command (@pxref{List, ,Printing
-source lines}).
-@end table
-
-For example, we can use @code{info line} to discover the location of
-the object code for the first line of function
-@code{m4_changequote}:
-
-@smallexample
-(@value{GDBP}) info line m4_changecom
-Line 895 of "builtin.c" starts at pc 0x634c and ends at 0x6350.
-@end smallexample
-
-@noindent
-We can also inquire (using @code{*@var{addr}} as the form for
-@var{linespec}) what source line covers a particular address:
-@smallexample
-(@value{GDBP}) info line *0x63ff
-Line 926 of "builtin.c" starts at pc 0x63e4 and ends at 0x6404.
-@end smallexample
-
-@cindex @code{$_} and @code{info line}
-After @code{info line}, the default address for the @code{x} command
-is changed to the starting address of the line, so that @samp{x/i} is
-sufficient to begin examining the machine code (@pxref{Memory,
-,Examining memory}). Also, this address is saved as the value of the
-convenience variable @code{$_} (@pxref{Convenience Vars, ,Convenience
-variables}).
-
-@table @code
-@kindex disassemble
-@cindex assembly instructions
-@cindex instructions, assembly
-@cindex machine instructions
-@cindex listing machine instructions
-@item disassemble
-This specialized command dumps a range of memory as machine
-instructions. The default memory range is the function surrounding the
-program counter of the selected frame. A single argument to this
-command is a program counter value; @value{GDBN} dumps the function
-surrounding this value. Two arguments specify a range of addresses
-(first inclusive, second exclusive) to dump.
-@end table
-
-@ifclear H8EXCLUSIVE
-The following example shows the disassembly of a range of addresses of
-HP PA-RISC 2.0 code:
-
-@smallexample
-(@value{GDBP}) disas 0x32c4 0x32e4
-Dump of assembler code from 0x32c4 to 0x32e4:
-0x32c4 <main+204>: addil 0,dp
-0x32c8 <main+208>: ldw 0x22c(sr0,r1),r26
-0x32cc <main+212>: ldil 0x3000,r31
-0x32d0 <main+216>: ble 0x3f8(sr4,r31)
-0x32d4 <main+220>: ldo 0(r31),rp
-0x32d8 <main+224>: addil -0x800,dp
-0x32dc <main+228>: ldo 0x588(r1),r26
-0x32e0 <main+232>: ldil 0x3000,r31
-End of assembler dump.
-@end smallexample
-@end ifclear
-
-@ifset H8EXCLUSIVE
-For example, here is the beginning of the output for the
-disassembly of a function @code{fact}:
-
-
-@smallexample
-(@value{GDBP}) disas fact
-Dump of assembler code for function fact:
-to 0x808c:
-0x802c <fact>: 6d f2 mov.w r2,@@-r7
-0x802e <fact+2>: 6d f3 mov.w r3,@@-r7
-0x8030 <fact+4>: 6d f6 mov.w r6,@@-r7
-0x8032 <fact+6>: 0d 76 mov.w r7,r6
-0x8034 <fact+8>: 6f 70 00 08 mov.w @@(0x8,r7),r0
-0x8038 <fact+12> 19 11 sub.w r1,r1
- .
- .
- .
-@end smallexample
-@end ifset
-
-Some architectures have more than one commonly-used set of instruction
-mnemonics or other syntax.
-
-@table @code
-@kindex set assembly-language
-@cindex assembly instructions
-@cindex instructions, assembly
-@cindex machine instructions
-@cindex listing machine instructions
-@item set assembly-language @var{instruction-set}
-Select the instruction set to use when disassembling the
-program via the @code{disassemble} or @code{x/i} commands.
-
-Currently this command is only defined for the Intel x86 family. You
-can set @var{instruction-set} to either @code{i386} or @code{i8086}.
-The default is @code{i386}.
-@end table
-
-
-@node Data, Languages, Source, Top
-@chapter Examining Data
-
-@cindex printing data
-@cindex examining data
-@kindex print
-@kindex inspect
-@c "inspect" is not quite a synonym if you are using Epoch, which we do not
-@c document because it is nonstandard... Under Epoch it displays in a
-@c different window or something like that.
-The usual way to examine data in your program is with the @code{print}
-command (abbreviated @code{p}), or its synonym @code{inspect}.
-@ifclear CONLY
-It evaluates and prints the value of an expression of the language your
-program is written in (@pxref{Languages, ,Using @value{GDBN} with Different
-Languages}).
-@end ifclear
-
-@table @code
-@item print @var{exp}
-@itemx print /@var{f} @var{exp}
-@var{exp} is an expression (in the source language). By default the
-value of @var{exp} is printed in a format appropriate to its data type;
-you can choose a different format by specifying @samp{/@var{f}}, where
-@var{f} is a letter specifying the format; @pxref{Output Formats,,Output
-formats}.
-
-@item print
-@itemx print /@var{f}
-If you omit @var{exp}, @value{GDBN} displays the last value again (from the
-@dfn{value history}; @pxref{Value History, ,Value history}). This allows you to
-conveniently inspect the same value in an alternative format.
-@end table
-
-A more low-level way of examining data is with the @code{x} command.
-It examines data in memory at a specified address and prints it in a
-specified format. @xref{Memory, ,Examining memory}.
-
-If you are interested in information about types, or about how the fields
-of a struct
-@ifclear CONLY
-or class
-@end ifclear
-are declared, use the @code{ptype @var{exp}}
-command rather than @code{print}. @xref{Symbols, ,Examining the Symbol Table}.
-
-@menu
-* Expressions:: Expressions
-* Variables:: Program variables
-* Arrays:: Artificial arrays
-* Output Formats:: Output formats
-* Memory:: Examining memory
-* Auto Display:: Automatic display
-* Print Settings:: Print settings
-* Value History:: Value history
-* Convenience Vars:: Convenience variables
-* Registers:: Registers
-@ifclear HAVE-FLOAT
-* Floating Point Hardware:: Floating point hardware
-@end ifclear
-
-@end menu
-
-@node Expressions, Variables, Data, Data
-@section Expressions
-
-@cindex expressions
-@code{print} and many other @value{GDBN} commands accept an expression and
-compute its value. Any kind of constant, variable or operator defined
-by the programming language you are using is valid in an expression in
-@value{GDBN}. This includes conditional expressions, function calls, casts
-and string constants. It unfortunately does not include symbols defined
-by preprocessor @code{#define} commands.
-
-@value{GDBN} now supports array constants in expressions input by
-the user. The syntax is @var{@{element, element@dots{}@}}. For example,
-you can now use the command @code{print @{1, 2, 3@}} to build up an array in
-memory that is malloc'd in the target program.
-
-@ifclear CONLY
-Because C is so widespread, most of the expressions shown in examples in
-this manual are in C. @xref{Languages, , Using @value{GDBN} with Different
-Languages}, for information on how to use expressions in other
-languages.
-
-In this section, we discuss operators that you can use in @value{GDBN}
-expressions regardless of your programming language.
-
-Casts are supported in all languages, not just in C, because it is so
-useful to cast a number into a pointer in order to examine a structure
-at that address in memory.
-@c FIXME: casts supported---Mod2 true?
-@end ifclear
-
-@value{GDBN} supports these operators, in addition to those common
-to programming languages:
-
-@table @code
-@item @@
-@samp{@@} is a binary operator for treating parts of memory as arrays.
-@xref{Arrays, ,Artificial arrays}, for more information.
-
-@item ::
-@samp{::} allows you to specify a variable in terms of the file or
-function where it is defined. @xref{Variables, ,Program variables}.
-
-@cindex @{@var{type}@}
-@cindex type casting memory
-@cindex memory, viewing as typed object
-@cindex casts, to view memory
-@item @{@var{type}@} @var{addr}
-Refers to an object of type @var{type} stored at address @var{addr} in
-memory. @var{addr} may be any expression whose value is an integer or
-pointer (but parentheses are required around binary operators, just as in
-a cast). This construct is allowed regardless of what kind of data is
-normally supposed to reside at @var{addr}.
-@end table
-
-@node Variables, Arrays, Expressions, Data
-@section Program variables
-
-The most common kind of expression to use is the name of a variable
-in your program.
-
-Variables in expressions are understood in the selected stack frame
-(@pxref{Selection, ,Selecting a frame}); they must be either:
-
-@itemize @bullet
-@item
-global (or file-static)
-@end itemize
-
-@noindent or
-
-@itemize @bullet
-@item
-visible according to the scope rules of the
-programming language from the point of execution in that frame
-@end itemize
-
-@noindent This means that in the function
-
-@example
-foo (a)
- int a;
-@{
- bar (a);
- @{
- int b = test ();
- bar (b);
- @}
-@}
-@end example
-
-@noindent
-you can examine and use the variable @code{a} whenever your program is
-executing within the function @code{foo}, but you can only use or
-examine the variable @code{b} while your program is executing inside
-the block where @code{b} is declared.
-
-@cindex variable name conflict
-There is an exception: you can refer to a variable or function whose
-scope is a single source file even if the current execution point is not
-in this file. But it is possible to have more than one such variable or
-function with the same name (in different source files). If that
-happens, referring to that name has unpredictable effects. If you wish,
-you can specify a static variable in a particular function or file,
-using the colon-colon notation:
-
-@cindex colon-colon
-@iftex
-@c info cannot cope with a :: index entry, but why deprive hard copy readers?
-@kindex ::
-@end iftex
-@example
-@var{file}::@var{variable}
-@var{function}::@var{variable}
-@end example
-
-@noindent
-Here @var{file} or @var{function} is the name of the context for the
-static @var{variable}. In the case of file names, you can use quotes to
-make sure @value{GDBN} parses the file name as a single word---for example,
-to print a global value of @code{x} defined in @file{f2.c}:
-
-@example
-(@value{GDBP}) p 'f2.c'::x
-@end example
-
-@ifclear CONLY
-@cindex C++ scope resolution
-This use of @samp{::} is very rarely in conflict with the very similar
-use of the same notation in C++. @value{GDBN} also supports use of the C++
-scope resolution operator in @value{GDBN} expressions.
-@c FIXME: Um, so what happens in one of those rare cases where it's in
-@c conflict?? --mew
-@end ifclear
-
-@cindex wrong values
-@cindex variable values, wrong
-@quotation
-@emph{Warning:} Occasionally, a local variable may appear to have the
-wrong value at certain points in a function---just after entry to a new
-scope, and just before exit.
-@end quotation
-You may see this problem when you are stepping by machine instructions.
-This is because, on most machines, it takes more than one instruction to
-set up a stack frame (including local variable definitions); if you are
-stepping by machine instructions, variables may appear to have the wrong
-values until the stack frame is completely built. On exit, it usually
-also takes more than one machine instruction to destroy a stack frame;
-after you begin stepping through that group of instructions, local
-variable definitions may be gone.
-
-This may also happen when the compiler does significant optimizations.
-To be sure of always seeing accurate values, turn off all optimization
-when compiling.
-
-@node Arrays, Output Formats, Variables, Data
-@section Artificial arrays
-
-@cindex artificial array
-@kindex @@
-It is often useful to print out several successive objects of the
-same type in memory; a section of an array, or an array of
-dynamically determined size for which only a pointer exists in the
-program.
-
-You can do this by referring to a contiguous span of memory as an
-@dfn{artificial array}, using the binary operator @samp{@@}. The left
-operand of @samp{@@} should be the first element of the desired array
-and be an individual object. The right operand should be the desired length
-of the array. The result is an array value whose elements are all of
-the type of the left argument. The first element is actually the left
-argument; the second element comes from bytes of memory immediately
-following those that hold the first element, and so on. Here is an
-example. If a program says
-
-@example
-int *array = (int *) malloc (len * sizeof (int));
-@end example
-
-@noindent
-you can print the contents of @code{array} with
-
-@example
-p *array@@len
-@end example
-
-The left operand of @samp{@@} must reside in memory. Array values made
-with @samp{@@} in this way behave just like other arrays in terms of
-subscripting, and are coerced to pointers when used in expressions.
-Artificial arrays most often appear in expressions via the value history
-(@pxref{Value History, ,Value history}), after printing one out.
-
-Another way to create an artificial array is to use a cast.
-This re-interprets a value as if it were an array.
-The value need not be in memory:
-@example
-(@value{GDBP}) p/x (short[2])0x12345678
-$1 = @{0x1234, 0x5678@}
-@end example
-
-As a convenience, if you leave the array length out (as in
-@samp{(@var{type})[])@var{value}}) gdb calculates the size to fill
-the value (as @samp{sizeof(@var{value})/sizeof(@var{type})}:
-@example
-(@value{GDBP}) p/x (short[])0x12345678
-$2 = @{0x1234, 0x5678@}
-@end example
-
-Sometimes the artificial array mechanism is not quite enough; in
-moderately complex data structures, the elements of interest may not
-actually be adjacent---for example, if you are interested in the values
-of pointers in an array. One useful work-around in this situation is
-to use a convenience variable (@pxref{Convenience Vars, ,Convenience
-variables}) as a counter in an expression that prints the first
-interesting value, and then repeat that expression via @key{RET}. For
-instance, suppose you have an array @code{dtab} of pointers to
-structures, and you are interested in the values of a field @code{fv}
-in each structure. Here is an example of what you might type:
-
-@example
-set $i = 0
-p dtab[$i++]->fv
-@key{RET}
-@key{RET}
-@dots{}
-@end example
-
-@node Output Formats, Memory, Arrays, Data
-@section Output formats
-
-@cindex formatted output
-@cindex output formats
-By default, @value{GDBN} prints a value according to its data type. Sometimes
-this is not what you want. For example, you might want to print a number
-in hex, or a pointer in decimal. Or you might want to view data in memory
-at a certain address as a character string or as an instruction. To do
-these things, specify an @dfn{output format} when you print a value.
-
-The simplest use of output formats is to say how to print a value
-already computed. This is done by starting the arguments of the
-@code{print} command with a slash and a format letter. The format
-letters supported are:
-
-@table @code
-@item x
-Regard the bits of the value as an integer, and print the integer in
-hexadecimal.
-
-@item d
-Print as integer in signed decimal.
-
-@item u
-Print as integer in unsigned decimal.
-
-@item o
-Print as integer in octal.
-
-@item t
-Print as integer in binary. The letter @samp{t} stands for ``two''.
-@footnote{@samp{b} cannot be used because these format letters are also
-used with the @code{x} command, where @samp{b} stands for ``byte'';
-@pxref{Memory,,Examining memory}.}
-
-@item a
-@cindex unknown address, locating
-Print as an address, both absolute in hexadecimal and as an offset from
-the nearest preceding symbol. You can use this format used to discover
-where (in what function) an unknown address is located:
-
-@example
-(@value{GDBP}) p/a 0x54320
-$3 = 0x54320 <_initialize_vx+396>
-@end example
-
-@item c
-Regard as an integer and print it as a character constant.
-
-@item f
-Regard the bits of the value as a floating point number and print
-using typical floating point syntax.
-@end table
-
-For example, to print the program counter in hex (@pxref{Registers}), type
-
-@example
-p/x $pc
-@end example
-
-@noindent
-Note that no space is required before the slash; this is because command
-names in @value{GDBN} cannot contain a slash.
-
-To reprint the last value in the value history with a different format,
-you can use the @code{print} command with just a format and no
-expression. For example, @samp{p/x} reprints the last value in hex.
-
-@node Memory, Auto Display, Output Formats, Data
-@section Examining memory
-
-You can use the command @code{x} (for ``examine'') to examine memory in
-any of several formats, independently of your program's data types.
-
-@cindex examining memory
-@table @code
-@kindex x
-@item x/@var{nfu} @var{addr}
-@itemx x @var{addr}
-@itemx x
-Use the @code{x} command to examine memory.
-@end table
-
-@var{n}, @var{f}, and @var{u} are all optional parameters that specify how
-much memory to display and how to format it; @var{addr} is an
-expression giving the address where you want to start displaying memory.
-If you use defaults for @var{nfu}, you need not type the slash @samp{/}.
-Several commands set convenient defaults for @var{addr}.
-
-@table @r
-@item @var{n}, the repeat count
-The repeat count is a decimal integer; the default is 1. It specifies
-how much memory (counting by units @var{u}) to display.
-@c This really is **decimal**; unaffected by 'set radix' as of GDB
-@c 4.1.2.
-
-@item @var{f}, the display format
-The display format is one of the formats used by @code{print},
-@samp{s} (null-terminated string), or @samp{i} (machine instruction).
-The default is @samp{x} (hexadecimal) initially.
-The default changes each time you use either @code{x} or @code{print}.
-
-@item @var{u}, the unit size
-The unit size is any of
-
-@table @code
-@item b
-Bytes.
-@item h
-Halfwords (two bytes).
-@item w
-Words (four bytes). This is the initial default.
-@item g
-Giant words (eight bytes).
-@end table
-
-Each time you specify a unit size with @code{x}, that size becomes the
-default unit the next time you use @code{x}. (For the @samp{s} and
-@samp{i} formats, the unit size is ignored and is normally not written.)
-
-@item @var{addr}, starting display address
-@var{addr} is the address where you want @value{GDBN} to begin displaying
-memory. The expression need not have a pointer value (though it may);
-it is always interpreted as an integer address of a byte of memory.
-@xref{Expressions, ,Expressions}, for more information on expressions. The default for
-@var{addr} is usually just after the last address examined---but several
-other commands also set the default address: @code{info breakpoints} (to
-the address of the last breakpoint listed), @code{info line} (to the
-starting address of a line), and @code{print} (if you use it to display
-a value from memory).
-@end table
-
-For example, @samp{x/3uh 0x54320} is a request to display three halfwords
-(@code{h}) of memory, formatted as unsigned decimal integers (@samp{u}),
-starting at address @code{0x54320}. @samp{x/4xw $sp} prints the four
-words (@samp{w}) of memory above the stack pointer (here, @samp{$sp};
-@pxref{Registers}) in hexadecimal (@samp{x}).
-
-Since the letters indicating unit sizes are all distinct from the
-letters specifying output formats, you do not have to remember whether
-unit size or format comes first; either order works. The output
-specifications @samp{4xw} and @samp{4wx} mean exactly the same thing.
-(However, the count @var{n} must come first; @samp{wx4} does not work.)
-
-Even though the unit size @var{u} is ignored for the formats @samp{s}
-and @samp{i}, you might still want to use a count @var{n}; for example,
-@samp{3i} specifies that you want to see three machine instructions,
-including any operands. The command @code{disassemble} gives an
-alternative way of inspecting machine instructions; @pxref{Machine
-Code,,Source and machine code}.
-
-All the defaults for the arguments to @code{x} are designed to make it
-easy to continue scanning memory with minimal specifications each time
-you use @code{x}. For example, after you have inspected three machine
-instructions with @samp{x/3i @var{addr}}, you can inspect the next seven
-with just @samp{x/7}. If you use @key{RET} to repeat the @code{x} command,
-the repeat count @var{n} is used again; the other arguments default as
-for successive uses of @code{x}.
-
-@cindex @code{$_}, @code{$__}, and value history
-The addresses and contents printed by the @code{x} command are not saved
-in the value history because there is often too much of them and they
-would get in the way. Instead, @value{GDBN} makes these values available for
-subsequent use in expressions as values of the convenience variables
-@code{$_} and @code{$__}. After an @code{x} command, the last address
-examined is available for use in expressions in the convenience variable
-@code{$_}. The contents of that address, as examined, are available in
-the convenience variable @code{$__}.
-
-If the @code{x} command has a repeat count, the address and contents saved
-are from the last memory unit printed; this is not the same as the last
-address printed if several units were printed on the last line of output.
-
-@node Auto Display, Print Settings, Memory, Data
-@section Automatic display
-@cindex automatic display
-@cindex display of expressions
-
-If you find that you want to print the value of an expression frequently
-(to see how it changes), you might want to add it to the @dfn{automatic
-display list} so that @value{GDBN} prints its value each time your program stops.
-Each expression added to the list is given a number to identify it;
-to remove an expression from the list, you specify that number.
-The automatic display looks like this:
-
-@example
-2: foo = 38
-3: bar[5] = (struct hack *) 0x3804
-@end example
-
-@noindent
-This display shows item numbers, expressions and their current values. As with
-displays you request manually using @code{x} or @code{print}, you can
-specify the output format you prefer; in fact, @code{display} decides
-whether to use @code{print} or @code{x} depending on how elaborate your
-format specification is---it uses @code{x} if you specify a unit size,
-or one of the two formats (@samp{i} and @samp{s}) that are only
-supported by @code{x}; otherwise it uses @code{print}.
-
-@table @code
-@kindex display
-@item display @var{exp}
-Add the expression @var{exp} to the list of expressions to display
-each time your program stops. @xref{Expressions, ,Expressions}.
-
-@code{display} does not repeat if you press @key{RET} again after using it.
-
-@item display/@var{fmt} @var{exp}
-For @var{fmt} specifying only a display format and not a size or
-count, add the expression @var{exp} to the auto-display list but
-arrange to display it each time in the specified format @var{fmt}.
-@xref{Output Formats,,Output formats}.
-
-@item display/@var{fmt} @var{addr}
-For @var{fmt} @samp{i} or @samp{s}, or including a unit-size or a
-number of units, add the expression @var{addr} as a memory address to
-be examined each time your program stops. Examining means in effect
-doing @samp{x/@var{fmt} @var{addr}}. @xref{Memory, ,Examining memory}.
-@end table
-
-For example, @samp{display/i $pc} can be helpful, to see the machine
-instruction about to be executed each time execution stops (@samp{$pc}
-is a common name for the program counter; @pxref{Registers}).
-
-@table @code
-@kindex delete display
-@kindex undisplay
-@item undisplay @var{dnums}@dots{}
-@itemx delete display @var{dnums}@dots{}
-Remove item numbers @var{dnums} from the list of expressions to display.
-
-@code{undisplay} does not repeat if you press @key{RET} after using it.
-(Otherwise you would just get the error @samp{No display number @dots{}}.)
-
-@kindex disable display
-@item disable display @var{dnums}@dots{}
-Disable the display of item numbers @var{dnums}. A disabled display
-item is not printed automatically, but is not forgotten. It may be
-enabled again later.
-
-@kindex enable display
-@item enable display @var{dnums}@dots{}
-Enable display of item numbers @var{dnums}. It becomes effective once
-again in auto display of its expression, until you specify otherwise.
-
-@item display
-Display the current values of the expressions on the list, just as is
-done when your program stops.
-
-@kindex info display
-@item info display
-Print the list of expressions previously set up to display
-automatically, each one with its item number, but without showing the
-values. This includes disabled expressions, which are marked as such.
-It also includes expressions which would not be displayed right now
-because they refer to automatic variables not currently available.
-@end table
-
-If a display expression refers to local variables, then it does not make
-sense outside the lexical context for which it was set up. Such an
-expression is disabled when execution enters a context where one of its
-variables is not defined. For example, if you give the command
-@code{display last_char} while inside a function with an argument
-@code{last_char}, @value{GDBN} displays this argument while your program
-continues to stop inside that function. When it stops elsewhere---where
-there is no variable @code{last_char}---the display is disabled
-automatically. The next time your program stops where @code{last_char}
-is meaningful, you can enable the display expression once again.
-
-@node Print Settings, Value History, Auto Display, Data
-@section Print settings
-
-@cindex format options
-@cindex print settings
-@value{GDBN} provides the following ways to control how arrays, structures,
-and symbols are printed.
-
-@noindent
-These settings are useful for debugging programs in any language:
-
-@table @code
-@kindex set print address
-@item set print address
-@itemx set print address on
-@value{GDBN} prints memory addresses showing the location of stack
-traces, structure values, pointer values, breakpoints, and so forth,
-even when it also displays the contents of those addresses. The default
-is @code{on}. For example, this is what a stack frame display looks like with
-@code{set print address on}:
-
-@smallexample
-@group
-(@value{GDBP}) f
-#0 set_quotes (lq=0x34c78 "<<", rq=0x34c88 ">>")
- at input.c:530
-530 if (lquote != def_lquote)
-@end group
-@end smallexample
-
-@item set print address off
-Do not print addresses when displaying their contents. For example,
-this is the same stack frame displayed with @code{set print address off}:
-
-@smallexample
-@group
-(@value{GDBP}) set print addr off
-(@value{GDBP}) f
-#0 set_quotes (lq="<<", rq=">>") at input.c:530
-530 if (lquote != def_lquote)
-@end group
-@end smallexample
-
-You can use @samp{set print address off} to eliminate all machine
-dependent displays from the @value{GDBN} interface. For example, with
-@code{print address off}, you should get the same text for backtraces on
-all machines---whether or not they involve pointer arguments.
-
-@kindex show print address
-@item show print address
-Show whether or not addresses are to be printed.
-@end table
-
-When @value{GDBN} prints a symbolic address, it normally prints the
-closest earlier symbol plus an offset. If that symbol does not uniquely
-identify the address (for example, it is a name whose scope is a single
-source file), you may need to clarify. One way to do this is with
-@code{info line}, for example @samp{info line *0x4537}. Alternately,
-you can set @value{GDBN} to print the source file and line number when
-it prints a symbolic address:
-
-@table @code
-@kindex set print symbol-filename
-@item set print symbol-filename on
-Tell @value{GDBN} to print the source file name and line number of a
-symbol in the symbolic form of an address.
-
-@item set print symbol-filename off
-Do not print source file name and line number of a symbol. This is the
-default.
-
-@kindex show print symbol-filename
-@item show print symbol-filename
-Show whether or not @value{GDBN} will print the source file name and
-line number of a symbol in the symbolic form of an address.
-@end table
-
-Another situation where it is helpful to show symbol filenames and line
-numbers is when disassembling code; @value{GDBN} shows you the line
-number and source file that corresponds to each instruction.
-
-Also, you may wish to see the symbolic form only if the address being
-printed is reasonably close to the closest earlier symbol:
-
-@table @code
-@kindex set print max-symbolic-offset
-@item set print max-symbolic-offset @var{max-offset}
-Tell @value{GDBN} to only display the symbolic form of an address if the
-offset between the closest earlier symbol and the address is less than
-@var{max-offset}. The default is 0, which tells @value{GDBN}
-to always print the symbolic form of an address if any symbol precedes it.
-
-@kindex show print max-symbolic-offset
-@item show print max-symbolic-offset
-Ask how large the maximum offset is that @value{GDBN} prints in a
-symbolic address.
-@end table
-
-@cindex wild pointer, interpreting
-@cindex pointer, finding referent
-If you have a pointer and you are not sure where it points, try
-@samp{set print symbol-filename on}. Then you can determine the name
-and source file location of the variable where it points, using
-@samp{p/a @var{pointer}}. This interprets the address in symbolic form.
-For example, here @value{GDBN} shows that a variable @code{ptt} points
-at another variable @code{t}, defined in @file{hi2.c}:
-
-@example
-(@value{GDBP}) set print symbol-filename on
-(@value{GDBP}) p/a ptt
-$4 = 0xe008 <t in hi2.c>
-@end example
-
-@quotation
-@emph{Warning:} For pointers that point to a local variable, @samp{p/a}
-does not show the symbol name and filename of the referent, even with
-the appropriate @code{set print} options turned on.
-@end quotation
-
-Other settings control how different kinds of objects are printed:
-
-@table @code
-@kindex set print array
-@item set print array
-@itemx set print array on
-Pretty print arrays. This format is more convenient to read,
-but uses more space. The default is off.
-
-@item set print array off
-Return to compressed format for arrays.
-
-@kindex show print array
-@item show print array
-Show whether compressed or pretty format is selected for displaying
-arrays.
-
-@kindex set print elements
-@item set print elements @var{number-of-elements}
-Set a limit on how many elements of an array @value{GDBN} will print.
-If @value{GDBN} is printing a large array, it stops printing after it has
-printed the number of elements set by the @code{set print elements} command.
-This limit also applies to the display of strings.
-Setting @var{number-of-elements} to zero means that the printing is unlimited.
-
-@kindex show print elements
-@item show print elements
-Display the number of elements of a large array that @value{GDBN} will print.
-If the number is 0, then the printing is unlimited.
-
-@kindex set print null-stop
-@item set print null-stop
-Cause @value{GDBN} to stop printing the characters of an array when the first
-@sc{NULL} is encountered. This is useful when large arrays actually
-contain only short strings.
-
-@kindex set print pretty
-@item set print pretty on
-Cause @value{GDBN} to print structures in an indented format with one member
-per line, like this:
-
-@smallexample
-@group
-$1 = @{
- next = 0x0,
- flags = @{
- sweet = 1,
- sour = 1
- @},
- meat = 0x54 "Pork"
-@}
-@end group
-@end smallexample
-
-@item set print pretty off
-Cause @value{GDBN} to print structures in a compact format, like this:
-
-@smallexample
-@group
-$1 = @{next = 0x0, flags = @{sweet = 1, sour = 1@}, \
-meat = 0x54 "Pork"@}
-@end group
-@end smallexample
-
-@noindent
-This is the default format.
-
-@kindex show print pretty
-@item show print pretty
-Show which format @value{GDBN} is using to print structures.
-
-@kindex set print sevenbit-strings
-@item set print sevenbit-strings on
-Print using only seven-bit characters; if this option is set,
-@value{GDBN} displays any eight-bit characters (in strings or
-character values) using the notation @code{\}@var{nnn}. This setting is
-best if you are working in English (@sc{ascii}) and you use the
-high-order bit of characters as a marker or ``meta'' bit.
-
-@item set print sevenbit-strings off
-Print full eight-bit characters. This allows the use of more
-international character sets, and is the default.
-
-@kindex show print sevenbit-strings
-@item show print sevenbit-strings
-Show whether or not @value{GDBN} is printing only seven-bit characters.
-
-@kindex set print union
-@item set print union on
-Tell @value{GDBN} to print unions which are contained in structures. This
-is the default setting.
-
-@item set print union off
-Tell @value{GDBN} not to print unions which are contained in structures.
-
-@kindex show print union
-@item show print union
-Ask @value{GDBN} whether or not it will print unions which are contained in
-structures.
-
-For example, given the declarations
-
-@smallexample
-typedef enum @{Tree, Bug@} Species;
-typedef enum @{Big_tree, Acorn, Seedling@} Tree_forms;
-typedef enum @{Caterpillar, Cocoon, Butterfly@}
- Bug_forms;
-
-struct thing @{
- Species it;
- union @{
- Tree_forms tree;
- Bug_forms bug;
- @} form;
-@};
-
-struct thing foo = @{Tree, @{Acorn@}@};
-@end smallexample
-
-@noindent
-with @code{set print union on} in effect @samp{p foo} would print
-
-@smallexample
-$1 = @{it = Tree, form = @{tree = Acorn, bug = Cocoon@}@}
-@end smallexample
-
-@noindent
-and with @code{set print union off} in effect it would print
-
-@smallexample
-$1 = @{it = Tree, form = @{...@}@}
-@end smallexample
-@end table
-
-@ifclear CONLY
-@need 1000
-@noindent
-These settings are of interest when debugging C++ programs:
-
-@table @code
-@cindex demangling
-@kindex set print demangle
-@item set print demangle
-@itemx set print demangle on
-Print C++ names in their source form rather than in the encoded
-(``mangled'') form passed to the assembler and linker for type-safe
-linkage. The default is @samp{on}.
-
-@kindex show print demangle
-@item show print demangle
-Show whether C++ names are printed in mangled or demangled form.
-
-@kindex set print asm-demangle
-@item set print asm-demangle
-@itemx set print asm-demangle on
-Print C++ names in their source form rather than their mangled form, even
-in assembler code printouts such as instruction disassemblies.
-The default is off.
-
-@kindex show print asm-demangle
-@item show print asm-demangle
-Show whether C++ names in assembly listings are printed in mangled
-or demangled form.
-
-@kindex set demangle-style
-@cindex C++ symbol decoding style
-@cindex symbol decoding style, C++
-@item set demangle-style @var{style}
-Choose among several encoding schemes used by different compilers to
-represent C++ names. The choices for @var{style} are currently:
-
-@table @code
-@item auto
-Allow @value{GDBN} to choose a decoding style by inspecting your program.
-
-@item gnu
-Decode based on the @sc{gnu} C++ compiler (@code{g++}) encoding algorithm.
-@ifclear HPPA
-This is the default.
-@end ifclear
-
-@item hp
-Decode based on the HP ANSI C++ (@code{aCC}) encoding algorithm.
-
-@item lucid
-Decode based on the Lucid C++ compiler (@code{lcc}) encoding algorithm.
-
-@item arm
-Decode using the algorithm in the @cite{C++ Annotated Reference Manual}.
-@strong{Warning:} this setting alone is not sufficient to allow
-debugging @code{cfront}-generated executables. @value{GDBN} would
-require further enhancement to permit that.
-
-@end table
-If you omit @var{style}, you will see a list of possible formats.
-
-@kindex show demangle-style
-@item show demangle-style
-Display the encoding style currently in use for decoding C++ symbols.
-
-@kindex set print object
-@item set print object
-@itemx set print object on
-When displaying a pointer to an object, identify the @emph{actual}
-(derived) type of the object rather than the @emph{declared} type, using
-the virtual function table.
-
-@item set print object off
-Display only the declared type of objects, without reference to the
-virtual function table. This is the default setting.
-
-@kindex show print object
-@item show print object
-Show whether actual, or declared, object types are displayed.
-
-@kindex set print static-members
-@item set print static-members
-@itemx set print static-members on
-Print static members when displaying a C++ object. The default is on.
-
-@item set print static-members off
-Do not print static members when displaying a C++ object.
-
-@kindex show print static-members
-@item show print static-members
-Show whether C++ static members are printed, or not.
-
-@c These don't work with HP ANSI C++ yet.
-@kindex set print vtbl
-@item set print vtbl
-@itemx set print vtbl on
-Pretty print C++ virtual function tables. The default is off.
-@ifset HPPA
-(The @code{vtbl} commands do not work on programs compiled with the HP
-ANSI C++ compiler (@code{aCC}).)
-@end ifset
-
-@item set print vtbl off
-Do not pretty print C++ virtual function tables.
-
-@kindex show print vtbl
-@item show print vtbl
-Show whether C++ virtual function tables are pretty printed, or not.
-@end table
-@end ifclear
-
-@node Value History, Convenience Vars, Print Settings, Data
-@section Value history
-
-@cindex value history
-Values printed by the @code{print} command are saved in the @value{GDBN}
-@dfn{value history}. This allows you to refer to them in other expressions.
-Values are kept until the symbol table is re-read or discarded
-(for example with the @code{file} or @code{symbol-file} commands).
-When the symbol table changes, the value history is discarded,
-since the values may contain pointers back to the types defined in the
-symbol table.
-
-@cindex @code{$}
-@cindex @code{$$}
-@cindex history number
-The values printed are given @dfn{history numbers} by which you can
-refer to them. These are successive integers starting with one.
-@code{print} shows you the history number assigned to a value by
-printing @samp{$@var{num} = } before the value; here @var{num} is the
-history number.
-
-To refer to any previous value, use @samp{$} followed by the value's
-history number. The way @code{print} labels its output is designed to
-remind you of this. Just @code{$} refers to the most recent value in
-the history, and @code{$$} refers to the value before that.
-@code{$$@var{n}} refers to the @var{n}th value from the end; @code{$$2}
-is the value just prior to @code{$$}, @code{$$1} is equivalent to
-@code{$$}, and @code{$$0} is equivalent to @code{$}.
-
-For example, suppose you have just printed a pointer to a structure and
-want to see the contents of the structure. It suffices to type
-
-@example
-p *$
-@end example
-
-If you have a chain of structures where the component @code{next} points
-to the next one, you can print the contents of the next one with this:
-
-@example
-p *$.next
-@end example
-
-@noindent
-You can print successive links in the chain by repeating this
-command---which you can do by just typing @key{RET}.
-
-Note that the history records values, not expressions. If the value of
-@code{x} is 4 and you type these commands:
-
-@example
-print x
-set x=5
-@end example
-
-@noindent
-then the value recorded in the value history by the @code{print} command
-remains 4 even though the value of @code{x} has changed.
-
-@table @code
-@kindex show values
-@item show values
-Print the last ten values in the value history, with their item numbers.
-This is like @samp{p@ $$9} repeated ten times, except that @code{show
-values} does not change the history.
-
-@item show values @var{n}
-Print ten history values centered on history item number @var{n}.
-
-@item show values +
-Print ten history values just after the values last printed. If no more
-values are available, @code{show values +} produces no display.
-@end table
-
-Pressing @key{RET} to repeat @code{show values @var{n}} has exactly the
-same effect as @samp{show values +}.
-
-@node Convenience Vars, Registers, Value History, Data
-@section Convenience variables
-
-@cindex convenience variables
-@value{GDBN} provides @dfn{convenience variables} that you can use within
-@value{GDBN} to hold on to a value and refer to it later. These variables
-exist entirely within @value{GDBN}; they are not part of your program, and
-setting a convenience variable has no direct effect on further execution
-of your program. That is why you can use them freely.
-
-Convenience variables are prefixed with @samp{$}. Any name preceded by
-@samp{$} can be used for a convenience variable, unless it is one of
-the predefined machine-specific register names (@pxref{Registers}).
-(Value history references, in contrast, are @emph{numbers} preceded
-by @samp{$}. @xref{Value History, ,Value history}.)
-
-You can save a value in a convenience variable with an assignment
-expression, just as you would set a variable in your program.
-For example:
-
-@example
-set $foo = *object_ptr
-@end example
-
-@noindent
-would save in @code{$foo} the value contained in the object pointed to by
-@code{object_ptr}.
-
-Using a convenience variable for the first time creates it, but its
-value is @code{void} until you assign a new value. You can alter the
-value with another assignment at any time.
-
-Convenience variables have no fixed types. You can assign a convenience
-variable any type of value, including structures and arrays, even if
-that variable already has a value of a different type. The convenience
-variable, when used as an expression, has the type of its current value.
-
-@table @code
-@kindex show convenience
-@item show convenience
-Print a list of convenience variables used so far, and their values.
-Abbreviated @code{show con}.
-@end table
-
-One of the ways to use a convenience variable is as a counter to be
-incremented or a pointer to be advanced. For example, to print
-a field from successive elements of an array of structures:
-
-@example
-set $i = 0
-print bar[$i++]->contents
-@end example
-
-@noindent Repeat that command by typing @key{RET}.
-
-Some convenience variables are created automatically by @value{GDBN} and given
-values likely to be useful.
-
-@table @code
-@kindex $_
-@item $_
-The variable @code{$_} is automatically set by the @code{x} command to
-the last address examined (@pxref{Memory, ,Examining memory}). Other
-commands which provide a default address for @code{x} to examine also
-set @code{$_} to that address; these commands include @code{info line}
-and @code{info breakpoint}. The type of @code{$_} is @code{void *}
-except when set by the @code{x} command, in which case it is a pointer
-to the type of @code{$__}.
-
-@kindex $__
-@item $__
-The variable @code{$__} is automatically set by the @code{x} command
-to the value found in the last address examined. Its type is chosen
-to match the format in which the data was printed.
-
-@item $_exitcode
-@kindex $_exitcode
-The variable @code{$_exitcode} is automatically set to the exit code when
-the program being debugged terminates.
-@end table
-
-@ifset HPPA
-If you refer to a function or variable name that begins with a dollar
-sign, @value{GDBN} searches for a user or system name first, before it
-searches for a convenience variable.
-@end ifset
-
-@node Registers, Floating Point Hardware, Convenience Vars, Data
-@section Registers
-
-@cindex registers
-You can refer to machine register contents, in expressions, as variables
-with names starting with @samp{$}. The names of registers are different
-for each machine; use @code{info registers} to see the names used on
-your machine.
-
-@table @code
-@kindex info registers
-@item info registers
-Print the names and values of all registers except floating-point
-registers (in the selected stack frame).
-
-@kindex info all-registers
-@cindex floating point registers
-@item info all-registers
-Print the names and values of all registers, including floating-point
-registers.
-
-@item info registers @var{regname} @dots{}
-Print the @dfn{relativized} value of each specified register @var{regname}.
-As discussed in detail below, register values are normally relative to
-the selected stack frame. @var{regname} may be any register name valid on
-the machine you are using, with or without the initial @samp{$}.
-@end table
-
-@value{GDBN} has four ``standard'' register names that are available (in
-expressions) on most machines---whenever they do not conflict with an
-architecture's canonical mnemonics for registers. The register names
-@code{$pc} and @code{$sp} are used for the program counter register and
-the stack pointer. @code{$fp} is used for a register that contains a
-pointer to the current stack frame, and @code{$ps} is used for a
-register that contains the processor status. For example,
-you could print the program counter in hex with
-
-@example
-p/x $pc
-@end example
-
-@noindent
-or print the instruction to be executed next with
-
-@example
-x/i $pc
-@end example
-
-@noindent
-or add four to the stack pointer@footnote{This is a way of removing
-one word from the stack, on machines where stacks grow downward in
-memory (most machines, nowadays). This assumes that the innermost
-stack frame is selected; setting @code{$sp} is not allowed when other
-stack frames are selected. To pop entire frames off the stack,
-regardless of machine architecture, use @code{return};
-@pxref{Returning, ,Returning from a function}.} with
-
-@example
-set $sp += 4
-@end example
-
-Whenever possible, these four standard register names are available on
-your machine even though the machine has different canonical mnemonics,
-so long as there is no conflict. The @code{info registers} command
-shows the canonical names. For example, on the SPARC, @code{info
-registers} displays the processor status register as @code{$psr} but you
-can also refer to it as @code{$ps}.
-
-@value{GDBN} always considers the contents of an ordinary register as an
-integer when the register is examined in this way. Some machines have
-special registers which can hold nothing but floating point; these
-registers are considered to have floating point values. There is no way
-to refer to the contents of an ordinary register as floating point value
-(although you can @emph{print} it as a floating point value with
-@samp{print/f $@var{regname}}).
-
-Some registers have distinct ``raw'' and ``virtual'' data formats. This
-means that the data format in which the register contents are saved by
-the operating system is not the same one that your program normally
-sees. For example, the registers of the 68881 floating point
-coprocessor are always saved in ``extended'' (raw) format, but all C
-programs expect to work with ``double'' (virtual) format. In such
-cases, @value{GDBN} normally works with the virtual format only (the format
-that makes sense for your program), but the @code{info registers} command
-prints the data in both formats.
-
-Normally, register values are relative to the selected stack frame
-(@pxref{Selection, ,Selecting a frame}). This means that you get the
-value that the register would contain if all stack frames farther in
-were exited and their saved registers restored. In order to see the
-true contents of hardware registers, you must select the innermost
-frame (with @samp{frame 0}).
-
-However, @value{GDBN} must deduce where registers are saved, from the machine
-code generated by your compiler. If some registers are not saved, or if
-@value{GDBN} is unable to locate the saved registers, the selected stack
-frame makes no difference.
-
-@ifset AMD29K
-@table @code
-@kindex set rstack_high_address
-@cindex AMD 29K register stack
-@cindex register stack, AMD29K
-@item set rstack_high_address @var{address}
-On AMD 29000 family processors, registers are saved in a separate
-``register stack''. There is no way for @value{GDBN} to determine the extent
-of this stack. Normally, @value{GDBN} just assumes that the stack is ``large
-enough''. This may result in @value{GDBN} referencing memory locations that
-do not exist. If necessary, you can get around this problem by
-specifying the ending address of the register stack with the @code{set
-rstack_high_address} command. The argument should be an address, which
-you probably want to precede with @samp{0x} to specify in
-hexadecimal.
-
-@kindex show rstack_high_address
-@item show rstack_high_address
-Display the current limit of the register stack, on AMD 29000 family
-processors.
-@end table
-@end ifset
-
-@ifclear HAVE-FLOAT
-@node Floating Point Hardware, , Registers, Data
-@section Floating point hardware
-@cindex floating point
-
-Depending on the configuration, @value{GDBN} may be able to give
-you more information about the status of the floating point hardware.
-
-@table @code
-@kindex info float
-@item info float
-Display hardware-dependent information about the floating
-point unit. The exact contents and layout vary depending on the
-floating point chip. Currently, @samp{info float} is supported on
-the ARM and x86 machines.
-@end table
-@end ifclear
-
-@ifclear CONLY
-@node Languages, Symbols, Data, Top
-@chapter Using @value{GDBN} with Different Languages
-@cindex languages
-
-@ifset MOD2
-Although programming languages generally have common aspects, they are
-rarely expressed in the same manner. For instance, in ANSI C,
-dereferencing a pointer @code{p} is accomplished by @code{*p}, but in
-Modula-2, it is accomplished by @code{p^}. Values can also be
-represented (and displayed) differently. Hex numbers in C appear as
-@samp{0x1ae}, while in Modula-2 they appear as @samp{1AEH}.
-@end ifset
-
-@cindex working language
-Language-specific information is built into @value{GDBN} for some languages,
-allowing you to express operations like the above in your program's
-native language, and allowing @value{GDBN} to output values in a manner
-consistent with the syntax of your program's native language. The
-language you use to build expressions is called the @dfn{working
-language}.
-
-@menu
-* Setting:: Switching between source languages
-* Show:: Displaying the language
-@ifset MOD2
-* Checks:: Type and range checks
-@end ifset
-
-* Support:: Supported languages
-@end menu
-
-@node Setting, Show, Languages, Languages
-@section Switching between source languages
-
-There are two ways to control the working language---either have @value{GDBN}
-set it automatically, or select it manually yourself. You can use the
-@code{set language} command for either purpose. On startup, @value{GDBN}
-defaults to setting the language automatically. The working language is
-used to determine how expressions you type are interpreted, how values
-are printed, etc.
-
-In addition to the working language, every source file that
-@value{GDBN} knows about has its own working language. For some object
-file formats, the compiler might indicate which language a particular
-source file is in. However, most of the time @value{GDBN} infers the
-language from the name of the file. The language of a source file
-controls whether C++ names are demangled---this way @code{backtrace} can
-show each frame appropriately for its own language. There is no way to
-set the language of a source file from within @value{GDBN}.
-
-This is most commonly a problem when you use a program, such
-as @code{cfront} or @code{f2c}, that generates C but is written in
-another language. In that case, make the
-program use @code{#line} directives in its C output; that way
-@value{GDBN} will know the correct language of the source code of the original
-program, and will display that source code, not the generated C code.
-
-@menu
-* Filenames:: Filename extensions and languages.
-* Manually:: Setting the working language manually
-* Automatically:: Having @value{GDBN} infer the source language
-@end menu
-
-@node Filenames, Manually, Setting, Setting
-@subsection List of filename extensions and languages
-
-If a source file name ends in one of the following extensions, then
-@value{GDBN} infers that its language is the one indicated.
-
-@table @file
-
-@item .c
-C source file
-
-@item .C
-@itemx .cc
-@itemx .cp
-@itemx .cpp
-@itemx .cxx
-@itemx .c++
-C++ source file
-
-@item .f
-@itemx .F
-Fortran source file
-
-@ifclear HPPA
-@item .ch
-@itemx .c186
-@itemx .c286
-CHILL source file.
-@end ifclear
-
-@ifset MOD2
-@item .mod
-Modula-2 source file
-@end ifset
-
-@item .s
-@itemx .S
-Assembler source file. This actually behaves almost like C, but
-@value{GDBN} does not skip over function prologues when stepping.
-@end table
-
-In addition, you may set the language associated with a filename
-extension. @xref{Show, , Displaying the language}.
-
-@node Manually, Automatically, Filenames, Setting
-@subsection Setting the working language
-
-If you allow @value{GDBN} to set the language automatically,
-expressions are interpreted the same way in your debugging session and
-your program.
-
-@kindex set language
-If you wish, you may set the language manually. To do this, issue the
-command @samp{set language @var{lang}}, where @var{lang} is the name of
-a language, such as
-@ifclear MOD2
-@code{c}.
-@end ifclear
-@ifset MOD2
-@code{c} or @code{modula-2}.
-@end ifset
-For a list of the supported languages, type @samp{set language}.
-
-@ifclear MOD2
-Setting the language manually prevents @value{GDBN} from updating the
-working language automatically. For example, if you used the @code{c}
-setting to debug a C++ program, names might not be demangled properly,
-overload resolution would not work, user-defined operators might not be
-interpreted correctly, and so on.
-@end ifclear
-@ifset MOD2
-Setting the language manually prevents @value{GDBN} from updating the working
-language automatically. This can lead to confusion if you try
-to debug a program when the working language is not the same as the
-source language, when an expression is acceptable to both
-languages---but means different things. For instance, if the current
-source file were written in C, and @value{GDBN} was parsing Modula-2, a
-command such as:
-
-@example
-print a = b + c
-@end example
-
-@noindent
-might not have the effect you intended. In C, this means to add
-@code{b} and @code{c} and place the result in @code{a}. The result
-printed would be the value of @code{a}. In Modula-2, this means to compare
-@code{a} to the result of @code{b+c}, yielding a @code{BOOLEAN} value.
-@end ifset
-
-@node Automatically, , Manually, Setting
-@subsection Having @value{GDBN} infer the source language
-
-To have @value{GDBN} set the working language automatically, use
-@samp{set language local} or @samp{set language auto}. @value{GDBN}
-then infers the working language. That is, when your program stops in a
-frame (usually by encountering a breakpoint), @value{GDBN} sets the
-working language to the language recorded for the function in that
-frame. If the language for a frame is unknown (that is, if the function
-or block corresponding to the frame was defined in a source file that
-does not have a recognized extension), the current working language is
-not changed, and @value{GDBN} issues a warning.
-
-This may not seem necessary for most programs, which are written
-entirely in one source language. However, program modules and libraries
-written in one source language can be used by a main program written in
-a different source language. Using @samp{set language auto} in this
-case frees you from having to set the working language manually.
-
-@ifset MOD2
-@node Show, Checks, Setting, Languages
-@section Displaying the language
-@end ifset
-@ifclear MOD2
-@node Show, Support, Setting, Languages
-@section Displaying the language
-@end ifclear
-
-The following commands help you find out which language is the
-working language, and also what language source files were written in.
-
-@kindex show language
-@kindex info frame
-@kindex info source
-@table @code
-@item show language
-Display the current working language. This is the
-language you can use with commands such as @code{print} to
-build and compute expressions that may involve variables in your program.
-
-@item info frame
-Display the source language for this frame. This language becomes the
-working language if you use an identifier from this frame.
-@xref{Frame Info, ,Information about a frame}, to identify the other
-information listed here.
-
-@item info source
-Display the source language of this source file.
-@xref{Symbols, ,Examining the Symbol Table}, to identify the other
-information listed here.
-@end table
-
-In unusual circumstances, you may have source files with extensions
-not in the standard list. You can then set the extension associated
-with a language explicitly:
-
-@kindex set extension-language
-@kindex info extensions
-@table @code
-@item set extension-language @var{.ext} @var{language}
-Set source files with extension @var{.ext} to be assumed to be in
-the source language @var{language}.
-
-@item info extensions
-List all the filename extensions and the associated languages.
-@end table
-
-@ifset MOD2
-@node Checks, Support, Show, Languages
-@section Type and range checking
-
-@quotation
-@emph{Warning:} In this release, the @value{GDBN} commands for type and range
-checking are included, but they do not yet have any effect. This
-section documents the intended facilities.
-@end quotation
-@c FIXME remove warning when type/range code added
-
-Some languages are designed to guard you against making seemingly common
-errors through a series of compile- and run-time checks. These include
-checking the type of arguments to functions and operators, and making
-sure mathematical overflows are caught at run time. Checks such as
-these help to ensure a program's correctness once it has been compiled
-by eliminating type mismatches, and providing active checks for range
-errors when your program is running.
-
-@value{GDBN} can check for conditions like the above if you wish.
-Although @value{GDBN} does not check the statements in your program, it
-can check expressions entered directly into @value{GDBN} for evaluation via
-the @code{print} command, for example. As with the working language,
-@value{GDBN} can also decide whether or not to check automatically based on
-your program's source language. @xref{Support, ,Supported languages},
-for the default settings of supported languages.
-
-@menu
-* Type Checking:: An overview of type checking
-* Range Checking:: An overview of range checking
-@end menu
-
-@cindex type checking
-@cindex checks, type
-@node Type Checking, Range Checking, Checks, Checks
-@subsection An overview of type checking
-
-Some languages, such as Modula-2, are strongly typed, meaning that the
-arguments to operators and functions have to be of the correct type,
-otherwise an error occurs. These checks prevent type mismatch
-errors from ever causing any run-time problems. For example,
-
-@smallexample
-1 + 2 @result{} 3
-@exdent but
-@error{} 1 + 2.3
-@end smallexample
-
-The second example fails because the @code{CARDINAL} 1 is not
-type-compatible with the @code{REAL} 2.3.
-
-For the expressions you use in @value{GDBN} commands, you can tell the
-@value{GDBN} type checker to skip checking;
-to treat any mismatches as errors and abandon the expression;
-or to only issue warnings when type mismatches occur,
-but evaluate the expression anyway. When you choose the last of
-these, @value{GDBN} evaluates expressions like the second example above, but
-also issues a warning.
-
-Even if you turn type checking off, there may be other reasons
-related to type that prevent @value{GDBN} from evaluating an expression.
-For instance, @value{GDBN} does not know how to add an @code{int} and
-a @code{struct foo}. These particular type errors have nothing to do
-with the language in use, and usually arise from expressions, such as
-the one described above, which make little sense to evaluate anyway.
-
-Each language defines to what degree it is strict about type. For
-instance, both Modula-2 and C require the arguments to arithmetical
-operators to be numbers. In C, enumerated types and pointers can be
-represented as numbers, so that they are valid arguments to mathematical
-operators. @xref{Support, ,Supported languages}, for further
-details on specific languages.
-
-@value{GDBN} provides some additional commands for controlling the type checker:
-
-@kindex set check
-@kindex set check type
-@kindex show check type
-@table @code
-@item set check type auto
-Set type checking on or off based on the current working language.
-@xref{Support, ,Supported languages}, for the default settings for
-each language.
-
-@item set check type on
-@itemx set check type off
-Set type checking on or off, overriding the default setting for the
-current working language. Issue a warning if the setting does not
-match the language default. If any type mismatches occur in
-evaluating an expression while typechecking is on, @value{GDBN} prints a
-message and aborts evaluation of the expression.
-
-@item set check type warn
-Cause the type checker to issue warnings, but to always attempt to
-evaluate the expression. Evaluating the expression may still
-be impossible for other reasons. For example, @value{GDBN} cannot add
-numbers and structures.
-
-@item show type
-Show the current setting of the type checker, and whether or not @value{GDBN}
-is setting it automatically.
-@end table
-
-@cindex range checking
-@cindex checks, range
-@node Range Checking, , Type Checking, Checks
-@subsection An overview of range checking
-
-In some languages (such as Modula-2), it is an error to exceed the
-bounds of a type; this is enforced with run-time checks. Such range
-checking is meant to ensure program correctness by making sure
-computations do not overflow, or indices on an array element access do
-not exceed the bounds of the array.
-
-For expressions you use in @value{GDBN} commands, you can tell
-@value{GDBN} to treat range errors in one of three ways: ignore them,
-always treat them as errors and abandon the expression, or issue
-warnings but evaluate the expression anyway.
-
-A range error can result from numerical overflow, from exceeding an
-array index bound, or when you type a constant that is not a member
-of any type. Some languages, however, do not treat overflows as an
-error. In many implementations of C, mathematical overflow causes the
-result to ``wrap around'' to lower values---for example, if @var{m} is
-the largest integer value, and @var{s} is the smallest, then
-
-@example
-@var{m} + 1 @result{} @var{s}
-@end example
-
-This, too, is specific to individual languages, and in some cases
-specific to individual compilers or machines. @xref{Support, ,
-Supported languages}, for further details on specific languages.
-
-@value{GDBN} provides some additional commands for controlling the range checker:
-
-@kindex set check
-@kindex set check range
-@kindex show check range
-@table @code
-@item set check range auto
-Set range checking on or off based on the current working language.
-@xref{Support, ,Supported languages}, for the default settings for
-each language.
-
-@item set check range on
-@itemx set check range off
-Set range checking on or off, overriding the default setting for the
-current working language. A warning is issued if the setting does not
-match the language default. If a range error occurs, then a message
-is printed and evaluation of the expression is aborted.
-
-@item set check range warn
-Output messages when the @value{GDBN} range checker detects a range error,
-but attempt to evaluate the expression anyway. Evaluating the
-expression may still be impossible for other reasons, such as accessing
-memory that the process does not own (a typical example from many Unix
-systems).
-
-@item show range
-Show the current setting of the range checker, and whether or not it is
-being set automatically by @value{GDBN}.
-@end table
-@end ifset
-
-@ifset MOD2
-@node Support, , Checks, Languages
-@section Supported languages
-@end ifset
-@ifclear MOD2
-@node Support, , Show, Languages
-@section Supported languages
-@end ifclear
-
-@ifset MOD2
-@value{GDBN} supports C, C++, Fortran, Chill, assembly, and Modula-2.
-@end ifset
-@ifclear MOD2
-@value{GDBN} supports C, C++, Fortran, Chill, and assembly.
-@end ifclear
-Some @value{GDBN} features may be used in expressions regardless of the
-language you use: the @value{GDBN} @code{@@} and @code{::} operators,
-and the @samp{@{type@}addr} construct (@pxref{Expressions,
-,Expressions}) can be used with the constructs of any supported
-language.
-
-The following sections detail to what degree each source language is
-supported by @value{GDBN}. These sections are not meant to be language
-tutorials or references, but serve only as a reference guide to what the
-@value{GDBN} expression parser accepts, and what input and output
-formats should look like for different languages. There are many good
-books written on each of these languages; please look to these for a
-language reference or tutorial.
-
-@ifset MOD2
-@menu
-* C:: C and C++
-* Modula-2:: Modula-2
-@end menu
-
-@node C, Modula-2, , Support
-@subsection C and C++
-@cindex C and C++
-@cindex expressions in C or C++
-@end ifset
-
-Since C and C++ are so closely related, many features of @value{GDBN} apply
-to both languages. Whenever this is the case, we discuss those languages
-together.
-
-@ifclear MOD2
-@c Cancel this below, under same condition, at end of this chapter!
-@raisesections
-@end ifclear
-
-@ifclear HPPA
-@cindex C++
-@kindex g++
-@cindex @sc{gnu} C++
-The C++ debugging facilities are jointly implemented by the C++
-compiler and @value{GDBN}. Therefore, to debug your C++ code
-effectively, you must compile your C++ programs with a supported
-C++ compiler, such as @sc{gnu} @code{g++}, or the HP ANSI C++
-compiler (@code{aCC}).
-
-For best results when using @sc{gnu} C++, use the stabs debugging
-format. You can select that format explicitly with the @code{g++}
-command-line options @samp{-gstabs} or @samp{-gstabs+}. See
-@ref{Debugging Options,,Options for Debugging Your Program or @sc{gnu}
-CC, gcc.info, Using @sc{gnu} CC}, for more information.
-@end ifclear
-@ifset HPPA
-@cindex C++
-@kindex g++
-@cindex @sc{gnu} C++
-You can use @value{GDBN} to debug C programs compiled with either the HP
-C compiler (@code{cc}) or the GNU C compiler (@code{gcc}), and to debug
-programs compiled with either the HP ANSI C++ compiler (@code{aCC}) or
-the @sc{gnu} C++ compiler (@code{g++}).
-
-If you compile with the @sc{gnu} C++ compiler, use the stabs debugging
-format for best results when debugging. You can select that format
-explicitly with the @code{g++} command-line options @samp{-gstabs} or
-@samp{-gstabs+}. See @ref{Debugging Options,,Options for Debugging Your
-Program or @sc{gnu} CC, gcc.info, Using @sc{gnu} CC}, for more
-information.
-@end ifset
-@end ifclear
-
-@ifset CONLY
-@node C, Symbols, Data, Top
-@chapter C Language Support
-@cindex C language
-@cindex expressions in C
-
-Information specific to the C language is built into @value{GDBN} so that you
-can use C expressions while debugging. This also permits @value{GDBN} to
-output values in a manner consistent with C conventions.
-
-@menu
-* C Operators:: C operators
-@end menu
-@end ifset
-
-@ifclear CONLY
-@menu
-* C Operators:: C and C++ operators
-* C Constants:: C and C++ constants
-* Cplus expressions:: C++ expressions
-* C Defaults:: Default settings for C and C++
-@ifset MOD2
-* C Checks:: C and C++ type and range checks
-@end ifset
-
-* Debugging C:: @value{GDBN} and C
-* Debugging C plus plus:: @value{GDBN} features for C++
-@end menu
-@end ifclear
-
-@ifclear CONLY
-@cindex C and C++ operators
-@node C Operators, C Constants, , C
-@subsubsection C and C++ operators
-@end ifclear
-@ifset CONLY
-@cindex C operators
-@node C Operators, C Constants, C, C
-@section C operators
-@end ifset
-
-Operators must be defined on values of specific types. For instance,
-@code{+} is defined on numbers, but not on structures. Operators are
-often defined on groups of types.
-
-@ifclear CONLY
-For the purposes of C and C++, the following definitions hold:
-@end ifclear
-
-@itemize @bullet
-@item
-@ifclear HPPA
-@emph{Integral types} include @code{int} with any of its storage-class
-specifiers; @code{char}; and @code{enum}.
-@end ifclear
-@ifset HPPA
-@emph{Integral types} include @code{int} with any of its storage-class
-specifiers; @code{char}; @code{enum}; and, for C++, @code{bool}.
-@end ifset
-
-@item
-@emph{Floating-point types} include @code{float} and @code{double}.
-
-@item
-@emph{Pointer types} include all types defined as @code{(@var{type}
-*)}.
-
-@item
-@emph{Scalar types} include all of the above.
-@end itemize
-
-@noindent
-The following operators are supported. They are listed here
-in order of increasing precedence:
-
-@table @code
-@item ,
-The comma or sequencing operator. Expressions in a comma-separated list
-are evaluated from left to right, with the result of the entire
-expression being the last expression evaluated.
-
-@item =
-Assignment. The value of an assignment expression is the value
-assigned. Defined on scalar types.
-
-@item @var{op}=
-Used in an expression of the form @w{@code{@var{a} @var{op}= @var{b}}},
-and translated to @w{@code{@var{a} = @var{a op b}}}.
-@w{@code{@var{op}=}} and @code{=} have the same precendence.
-@var{op} is any one of the operators @code{|}, @code{^}, @code{&},
-@code{<<}, @code{>>}, @code{+}, @code{-}, @code{*}, @code{/}, @code{%}.
-
-@item ?:
-The ternary operator. @code{@var{a} ? @var{b} : @var{c}} can be thought
-of as: if @var{a} then @var{b} else @var{c}. @var{a} should be of an
-integral type.
-
-@item ||
-Logical @sc{or}. Defined on integral types.
-
-@item &&
-Logical @sc{and}. Defined on integral types.
-
-@item |
-Bitwise @sc{or}. Defined on integral types.
-
-@item ^
-Bitwise exclusive-@sc{or}. Defined on integral types.
-
-@item &
-Bitwise @sc{and}. Defined on integral types.
-
-@item ==@r{, }!=
-Equality and inequality. Defined on scalar types. The value of these
-expressions is 0 for false and non-zero for true.
-
-@item <@r{, }>@r{, }<=@r{, }>=
-Less than, greater than, less than or equal, greater than or equal.
-Defined on scalar types. The value of these expressions is 0 for false
-and non-zero for true.
-
-@item <<@r{, }>>
-left shift, and right shift. Defined on integral types.
-
-@item @@
-The @value{GDBN} ``artificial array'' operator (@pxref{Expressions, ,Expressions}).
-
-@item +@r{, }-
-Addition and subtraction. Defined on integral types, floating-point types and
-pointer types.
-
-@item *@r{, }/@r{, }%
-Multiplication, division, and modulus. Multiplication and division are
-defined on integral and floating-point types. Modulus is defined on
-integral types.
-
-@item ++@r{, }--
-Increment and decrement. When appearing before a variable, the
-operation is performed before the variable is used in an expression;
-when appearing after it, the variable's value is used before the
-operation takes place.
-
-@item *
-Pointer dereferencing. Defined on pointer types. Same precedence as
-@code{++}.
-
-@item &
-Address operator. Defined on variables. Same precedence as @code{++}.
-
-@ifclear CONLY
-For debugging C++, @value{GDBN} implements a use of @samp{&} beyond what is
-allowed in the C++ language itself: you can use @samp{&(&@var{ref})}
-(or, if you prefer, simply @samp{&&@var{ref}}) to examine the address
-where a C++ reference variable (declared with @samp{&@var{ref}}) is
-stored.
-@end ifclear
-
-@item -
-Negative. Defined on integral and floating-point types. Same
-precedence as @code{++}.
-
-@item !
-Logical negation. Defined on integral types. Same precedence as
-@code{++}.
-
-@item ~
-Bitwise complement operator. Defined on integral types. Same precedence as
-@code{++}.
-
-
-@item .@r{, }->
-Structure member, and pointer-to-structure member. For convenience,
-@value{GDBN} regards the two as equivalent, choosing whether to dereference a
-pointer based on the stored type information.
-Defined on @code{struct} and @code{union} data.
-
-@ifset HPPA
-@item .*@r{, }->*
-Dereferences of pointers to members.
-@end ifset
-
-@item []
-Array indexing. @code{@var{a}[@var{i}]} is defined as
-@code{*(@var{a}+@var{i})}. Same precedence as @code{->}.
-
-@item ()
-Function parameter list. Same precedence as @code{->}.
-
-@ifclear CONLY
-@item ::
-C++ scope resolution operator. Defined on
-@code{struct}, @code{union}, and @code{class} types.
-@end ifclear
-
-@item ::
-Doubled colons
-@ifclear CONLY
-also
-@end ifclear
-represent the @value{GDBN} scope operator (@pxref{Expressions,
-,Expressions}).
-@ifclear CONLY
-Same precedence as @code{::}, above.
-@end ifclear
-@end table
-
-@ifset HPPA
-If an operator is redefined in the user code, @value{GDBN} usually
-attempts to invoke the redefined version instead of using the operator's
-predefined meaning.
-@end ifset
-
-@ifclear CONLY
-@menu
-* C Constants::
-@end menu
-
-@ifset MOD2
-@node C Constants, Cplus expressions, C Operators, C
-@subsubsection C and C++ constants
-@end ifset
-@ifclear MOD2
-@node C Constants, Cplus expressions, C Operators, Support
-@subsubsection C and C++ constants
-@end ifclear
-
-@cindex C and C++ constants
-@value{GDBN} allows you to express the constants of C and C++ in the
-following ways:
-@end ifclear
-@ifset CONLY
-@cindex C constants
-@node C Constants, Debugging C, C Operators, C
-@section C constants
-
-@value{GDBN} allows you to express the constants of C in the
-following ways:
-@end ifset
-
-@itemize @bullet
-@item
-Integer constants are a sequence of digits. Octal constants are
-specified by a leading @samp{0} (i.e. zero), and hexadecimal constants by
-a leading @samp{0x} or @samp{0X}. Constants may also end with a letter
-@samp{l}, specifying that the constant should be treated as a
-@code{long} value.
-
-@item
-Floating point constants are a sequence of digits, followed by a decimal
-point, followed by a sequence of digits, and optionally followed by an
-exponent. An exponent is of the form:
-@samp{@w{e@r{[[}+@r{]|}-@r{]}@var{nnn}}}, where @var{nnn} is another
-sequence of digits. The @samp{+} is optional for positive exponents.
-
-@item
-Enumerated constants consist of enumerated identifiers, or their
-integral equivalents.
-
-@item
-Character constants are a single character surrounded by single quotes
-(@code{'}), or a number---the ordinal value of the corresponding character
-(usually its @sc{ASCII} value). Within quotes, the single character may
-be represented by a letter or by @dfn{escape sequences}, which are of
-the form @samp{\@var{nnn}}, where @var{nnn} is the octal representation
-of the character's ordinal value; or of the form @samp{\@var{x}}, where
-@samp{@var{x}} is a predefined special character---for example,
-@samp{\n} for newline.
-
-@item
-String constants are a sequence of character constants surrounded
-by double quotes (@code{"}).
-
-@item
-Pointer constants are an integral value. You can also write pointers
-to constants using the C operator @samp{&}.
-
-@item
-Array constants are comma-separated lists surrounded by braces @samp{@{}
-and @samp{@}}; for example, @samp{@{1,2,3@}} is a three-element array of
-integers, @samp{@{@{1,2@}, @{3,4@}, @{5,6@}@}} is a three-by-two array,
-and @samp{@{&"hi", &"there", &"fred"@}} is a three-element array of pointers.
-@end itemize
-
-@ifclear CONLY
-@menu
-* Cplus expressions::
-* C Defaults::
-@ifset MOD2
-* C Checks::
-@end ifset
-
-* Debugging C::
-@end menu
-
-@ifset MOD2
-@node Cplus expressions, C Defaults, C Constants, C
-@subsubsection C++ expressions
-@end ifset
-@ifclear MOD2
-@node Cplus expressions, C Defaults, C Constants, Support
-@subsubsection C++ expressions
-@end ifclear
-
-@cindex expressions in C++
-@value{GDBN} expression handling can interpret most C++ expressions.
-
-@ifclear HPPA
-@cindex C++ support, not in @sc{coff}
-@cindex @sc{coff} versus C++
-@cindex C++ and object formats
-@cindex object formats and C++
-@cindex a.out and C++
-@cindex @sc{ecoff} and C++
-@cindex @sc{xcoff} and C++
-@cindex @sc{elf}/stabs and C++
-@cindex @sc{elf}/@sc{dwarf} and C++
-@c FIXME!! GDB may eventually be able to debug C++ using DWARF; check
-@c periodically whether this has happened...
-@quotation
-@emph{Warning:} @value{GDBN} can only debug C++ code if you use the
-proper compiler. Typically, C++ debugging depends on the use of
-additional debugging information in the symbol table, and thus requires
-special support. In particular, if your compiler generates a.out, MIPS
-@sc{ecoff}, RS/6000 @sc{xcoff}, or @sc{elf} with stabs extensions to the
-symbol table, these facilities are all available. (With @sc{gnu} CC,
-you can use the @samp{-gstabs} option to request stabs debugging
-extensions explicitly.) Where the object code format is standard
-@sc{coff} or @sc{dwarf} in @sc{elf}, on the other hand, most of the C++
-support in @value{GDBN} does @emph{not} work.
-@end quotation
-@end ifclear
-
-@enumerate
-
-@cindex member functions
-@item
-Member function calls are allowed; you can use expressions like
-
-@example
-count = aml->GetOriginal(x, y)
-@end example
-
-@kindex this
-@cindex namespace in C++
-@item
-While a member function is active (in the selected stack frame), your
-expressions have the same namespace available as the member function;
-that is, @value{GDBN} allows implicit references to the class instance
-pointer @code{this} following the same rules as C++.
-
-@ifclear HPPA
-@cindex call overloaded functions
-@cindex type conversions in C++
-@item
-You can call overloaded functions; @value{GDBN} resolves the function
-call to the right definition, with one restriction---you must use
-arguments of the type required by the function that you want to call.
-@value{GDBN} does not perform conversions requiring constructors or
-user-defined type operators.
-@end ifclear
-@ifset HPPA
-@cindex call overloaded functions
-@cindex overloaded functions
-@cindex type conversions in C++
-@item
-You can call overloaded functions; @value{GDBN} resolves the function
-call to the right definition, with some restrictions. GDB does not
-perform overload resolution involving user-defined type conversions,
-calls to constructors, or instantiations of templates that do not exist
-in the program. It also cannot handle ellipsis argument lists or
-default arguments.
-
-It does perform integral conversions and promotions, floating-point
-promotions, arithmetic conversions, pointer conversions, conversions of
-class objects to base classes, and standard conversions such as those of
-functions or arrays to pointers; it requires an exact match on the
-number of function arguments.
-
-Overload resolution is always performed, unless you have specified
-@code{set overload-resolution off}. @xref{Debugging C plus plus,
-,@value{GDBN} features for C++}.
-
-You must specify@code{set overload-resolution off} in order to use an
-explicit function signature to call an overloaded function, as in
-@smallexample
-p 'foo(char,int)'('x', 13)
-@end smallexample
-The @value{GDBN} command-completion facility can simplify this;
-@pxref{Completion, ,Command completion}.
-
-@end ifset
-
-@cindex reference declarations
-@item
-@value{GDBN} understands variables declared as C++ references; you can use
-them in expressions just as you do in C++ source---they are automatically
-dereferenced.
-
-In the parameter list shown when @value{GDBN} displays a frame, the values of
-reference variables are not displayed (unlike other variables); this
-avoids clutter, since references are often used for large structures.
-The @emph{address} of a reference variable is always shown, unless
-you have specified @samp{set print address off}.
-
-@item
-@value{GDBN} supports the C++ name resolution operator @code{::}---your
-expressions can use it just as expressions in your program do. Since
-one scope may be defined in another, you can use @code{::} repeatedly if
-necessary, for example in an expression like
-@samp{@var{scope1}::@var{scope2}::@var{name}}. @value{GDBN} also allows
-resolving name scope by reference to source files, in both C and C++
-debugging (@pxref{Variables, ,Program variables}).
-@end enumerate
-
-@ifset HPPA
-In addition, @value{GDBN} supports calling virtual functions correctly,
-printing out virtual bases of objects, calling functions in a base
-subobject, casting objects, and invoking user-defined operators.
-@end ifset
-
-@ifset MOD2
-@node C Defaults, C Checks, Cplus expressions, C
-@subsubsection C and C++ defaults
-@end ifset
-@ifclear MOD2
-@node C Defaults, Debugging C, Cplus expressions, Support
-@subsubsection C and C++ defaults
-@end ifclear
-@cindex C and C++ defaults
-
-@ifclear HPPA
-If you allow @value{GDBN} to set type and range checking automatically, they
-both default to @code{off} whenever the working language changes to
-C or C++. This happens regardless of whether you or @value{GDBN}
-selects the working language.
-@end ifclear
-
-If you allow @value{GDBN} to set the language automatically, it
-recognizes source files whose names end with @file{.c}, @file{.C}, or
-@file{.cc}, etc, and when @value{GDBN} enters code compiled from one of
-these files, it sets the working language to C or C++.
-@xref{Automatically, ,Having @value{GDBN} infer the source language},
-for further details.
-
-@ifset MOD2
-@c Type checking is (a) primarily motivated by Modula-2, and (b)
-@c unimplemented. If (b) changes, it might make sense to let this node
-@c appear even if Mod-2 does not, but meanwhile ignore it. roland 16jul93.
-@node C Checks, Debugging C, C Defaults, C Constants
-@subsubsection C and C++ type and range checks
-@cindex C and C++ checks
-
-By default, when @value{GDBN} parses C or C++ expressions, type checking
-is not used. However, if you turn type checking on, @value{GDBN}
-considers two variables type equivalent if:
-
-@itemize @bullet
-@item
-The two variables are structured and have the same structure, union, or
-enumerated tag.
-
-@item
-The two variables have the same type name, or types that have been
-declared equivalent through @code{typedef}.
-
-@ignore
-@c leaving this out because neither J Gilmore nor R Pesch understand it.
-@c FIXME--beers?
-@item
-The two @code{struct}, @code{union}, or @code{enum} variables are
-declared in the same declaration. (Note: this may not be true for all C
-compilers.)
-@end ignore
-@end itemize
-
-Range checking, if turned on, is done on mathematical operations. Array
-indices are not checked, since they are often used to index a pointer
-that is not itself an array.
-@end ifset
-@end ifclear
-
-@ifclear CONLY
-@ifset MOD2
-@node Debugging C, Debugging C plus plus, C Checks, C
-@subsubsection @value{GDBN} and C
-@end ifset
-@ifclear MOD2
-@node Debugging C, Debugging C plus plus, C Defaults, Support
-@subsubsection @value{GDBN} and C
-@end ifclear
-@end ifclear
-@ifset CONLY
-@node Debugging C, , C Constants, C
-@section @value{GDBN} and C
-@end ifset
-
-The @code{set print union} and @code{show print union} commands apply to
-the @code{union} type. When set to @samp{on}, any @code{union} that is
-inside a @code{struct}
-@ifclear CONLY
-or @code{class}
-@end ifclear
-is also printed.
-Otherwise, it appears as @samp{@{...@}}.
-
-The @code{@@} operator aids in the debugging of dynamic arrays, formed
-with pointers and a memory allocation function. @xref{Expressions,
-,Expressions}.
-
-@ifclear CONLY
-@menu
-* Debugging C plus plus::
-@end menu
-
-@ifset MOD2
-@node Debugging C plus plus, , Debugging C, C
-@subsubsection @value{GDBN} features for C++
-@end ifset
-@ifclear MOD2
-@node Debugging C plus plus, , Debugging C, Support
-@subsubsection @value{GDBN} features for C++
-@end ifclear
-
-@cindex commands for C++
-Some @value{GDBN} commands are particularly useful with C++, and some are
-designed specifically for use with C++. Here is a summary:
-
-@table @code
-@cindex break in overloaded functions
-@item @r{breakpoint menus}
-When you want a breakpoint in a function whose name is overloaded,
-@value{GDBN} breakpoint menus help you specify which function definition
-you want. @xref{Breakpoint Menus,,Breakpoint menus}.
-
-@cindex overloading in C++
-@item rbreak @var{regex}
-Setting breakpoints using regular expressions is helpful for setting
-breakpoints on overloaded functions that are not members of any special
-classes.
-@xref{Set Breaks, ,Setting breakpoints}.
-
-@cindex C++ exception handling
-@item catch throw
-@itemx catch catch
-Debug C++ exception handling using these commands. @xref{Set
-Catchpoints, , Setting catchpoints}.
-
-@cindex inheritance
-@item ptype @var{typename}
-Print inheritance relationships as well as other information for type
-@var{typename}.
-@xref{Symbols, ,Examining the Symbol Table}.
-
-@cindex C++ symbol display
-@item set print demangle
-@itemx show print demangle
-@itemx set print asm-demangle
-@itemx show print asm-demangle
-Control whether C++ symbols display in their source form, both when
-displaying code as C++ source and when displaying disassemblies.
-@xref{Print Settings, ,Print settings}.
-
-@item set print object
-@itemx show print object
-Choose whether to print derived (actual) or declared types of objects.
-@xref{Print Settings, ,Print settings}.
-
-@item set print vtbl
-@itemx show print vtbl
-Control the format for printing virtual function tables.
-@xref{Print Settings, ,Print settings}.
-@ifset HPPA
-(The @code{vtbl} commands do not work on programs compiled with the HP
-ANSI C++ compiler (@code{aCC}).)
-
-@kindex set overload-resolution
-@cindex overloaded functions
-@item set overload-resolution on
-Enable overload resolution for C++ expression evaluation. The default
-is on. For overloaded functions, @value{GDBN} evaluates the arguments
-and searches for a function whose signature matches the argument types,
-using the standard C++ conversion rules (@pxref{Cplus expressions, ,C++
-expressions} for details). If it cannot find a match, it emits a
-message.
-
-@item set overload-resolution off
-Disable overload resolution for C++ expression evaluation. For
-overloaded functions that are not class member functions, @value{GDBN}
-chooses the first function of the specified name that it finds in the
-symbol table, whether or not its arguments are of the correct type. For
-overloaded functions that are class member functions, @value{GDBN}
-searches for a function whose signature @emph{exactly} matches the
-argument types.
-@end ifset
-
-@item @r{Overloaded symbol names}
-You can specify a particular definition of an overloaded symbol, using
-the same notation that is used to declare such symbols in C++: type
-@code{@var{symbol}(@var{types})} rather than just @var{symbol}. You can
-also use the @value{GDBN} command-line word completion facilities to list the
-available choices, or to finish the type list for you.
-@xref{Completion,, Command completion}, for details on how to do this.
-@end table
-@ifclear MOD2
-@c cancels "raisesections" under same conditions near bgn of chapter
-@lowersections
-@end ifclear
-
-@ifset MOD2
-@node Modula-2, ,C , Support
-@subsection Modula-2
-@cindex Modula-2
-
-The extensions made to @value{GDBN} to support Modula-2 only support
-output from the @sc{gnu} Modula-2 compiler (which is currently being
-developed). Other Modula-2 compilers are not currently supported, and
-attempting to debug executables produced by them is most likely
-to give an error as @value{GDBN} reads in the executable's symbol
-table.
-
-@cindex expressions in Modula-2
-@menu
-* M2 Operators:: Built-in operators
-* Built-In Func/Proc:: Built-in functions and procedures
-* M2 Constants:: Modula-2 constants
-* M2 Defaults:: Default settings for Modula-2
-* Deviations:: Deviations from standard Modula-2
-* M2 Checks:: Modula-2 type and range checks
-* M2 Scope:: The scope operators @code{::} and @code{.}
-* GDB/M2:: @value{GDBN} and Modula-2
-@end menu
-
-@node M2 Operators, Built-In Func/Proc, Modula-2, Modula-2
-@subsubsection Operators
-@cindex Modula-2 operators
-
-Operators must be defined on values of specific types. For instance,
-@code{+} is defined on numbers, but not on structures. Operators are
-often defined on groups of types. For the purposes of Modula-2, the
-following definitions hold:
-
-@itemize @bullet
-
-@item
-@emph{Integral types} consist of @code{INTEGER}, @code{CARDINAL}, and
-their subranges.
-
-@item
-@emph{Character types} consist of @code{CHAR} and its subranges.
-
-@item
-@emph{Floating-point types} consist of @code{REAL}.
-
-@item
-@emph{Pointer types} consist of anything declared as @code{POINTER TO
-@var{type}}.
-
-@item
-@emph{Scalar types} consist of all of the above.
-
-@item
-@emph{Set types} consist of @code{SET} and @code{BITSET} types.
-
-@item
-@emph{Boolean types} consist of @code{BOOLEAN}.
-@end itemize
-
-@noindent
-The following operators are supported, and appear in order of
-increasing precedence:
-
-@table @code
-@item ,
-Function argument or array index separator.
-
-@item :=
-Assignment. The value of @var{var} @code{:=} @var{value} is
-@var{value}.
-
-@item <@r{, }>
-Less than, greater than on integral, floating-point, or enumerated
-types.
-
-@item <=@r{, }>=
-Less than, greater than, less than or equal to, greater than or equal to
-on integral, floating-point and enumerated types, or set inclusion on
-set types. Same precedence as @code{<}.
-
-@item =@r{, }<>@r{, }#
-Equality and two ways of expressing inequality, valid on scalar types.
-Same precedence as @code{<}. In @value{GDBN} scripts, only @code{<>} is
-available for inequality, since @code{#} conflicts with the script
-comment character.
-
-@item IN
-Set membership. Defined on set types and the types of their members.
-Same precedence as @code{<}.
-
-@item OR
-Boolean disjunction. Defined on boolean types.
-
-@item AND@r{, }&
-Boolean conjuction. Defined on boolean types.
-
-@item @@
-The @value{GDBN} ``artificial array'' operator (@pxref{Expressions, ,Expressions}).
-
-@item +@r{, }-
-Addition and subtraction on integral and floating-point types, or union
-and difference on set types.
-
-@item *
-Multiplication on integral and floating-point types, or set intersection
-on set types.
-
-@item /
-Division on floating-point types, or symmetric set difference on set
-types. Same precedence as @code{*}.
-
-@item DIV@r{, }MOD
-Integer division and remainder. Defined on integral types. Same
-precedence as @code{*}.
-
-@item -
-Negative. Defined on @code{INTEGER} and @code{REAL} data.
-
-@item ^
-Pointer dereferencing. Defined on pointer types.
-
-@item NOT
-Boolean negation. Defined on boolean types. Same precedence as
-@code{^}.
-
-@item .
-@code{RECORD} field selector. Defined on @code{RECORD} data. Same
-precedence as @code{^}.
-
-@item []
-Array indexing. Defined on @code{ARRAY} data. Same precedence as @code{^}.
-
-@item ()
-Procedure argument list. Defined on @code{PROCEDURE} objects. Same precedence
-as @code{^}.
-
-@item ::@r{, }.
-@value{GDBN} and Modula-2 scope operators.
-@end table
-
-@quotation
-@emph{Warning:} Sets and their operations are not yet supported, so @value{GDBN}
-treats the use of the operator @code{IN}, or the use of operators
-@code{+}, @code{-}, @code{*}, @code{/}, @code{=}, , @code{<>}, @code{#},
-@code{<=}, and @code{>=} on sets as an error.
-@end quotation
-
-@cindex Modula-2 built-ins
-@node Built-In Func/Proc, M2 Constants, M2 Operators, Modula-2
-@subsubsection Built-in functions and procedures
-
-Modula-2 also makes available several built-in procedures and functions.
-In describing these, the following metavariables are used:
-
-@table @var
-
-@item a
-represents an @code{ARRAY} variable.
-
-@item c
-represents a @code{CHAR} constant or variable.
-
-@item i
-represents a variable or constant of integral type.
-
-@item m
-represents an identifier that belongs to a set. Generally used in the
-same function with the metavariable @var{s}. The type of @var{s} should
-be @code{SET OF @var{mtype}} (where @var{mtype} is the type of @var{m}).
-
-@item n
-represents a variable or constant of integral or floating-point type.
-
-@item r
-represents a variable or constant of floating-point type.
-
-@item t
-represents a type.
-
-@item v
-represents a variable.
-
-@item x
-represents a variable or constant of one of many types. See the
-explanation of the function for details.
-@end table
-
-All Modula-2 built-in procedures also return a result, described below.
-
-@table @code
-@item ABS(@var{n})
-Returns the absolute value of @var{n}.
-
-@item CAP(@var{c})
-If @var{c} is a lower case letter, it returns its upper case
-equivalent, otherwise it returns its argument
-
-@item CHR(@var{i})
-Returns the character whose ordinal value is @var{i}.
-
-@item DEC(@var{v})
-Decrements the value in the variable @var{v}. Returns the new value.
-
-@item DEC(@var{v},@var{i})
-Decrements the value in the variable @var{v} by @var{i}. Returns the
-new value.
-
-@item EXCL(@var{m},@var{s})
-Removes the element @var{m} from the set @var{s}. Returns the new
-set.
-
-@item FLOAT(@var{i})
-Returns the floating point equivalent of the integer @var{i}.
-
-@item HIGH(@var{a})
-Returns the index of the last member of @var{a}.
-
-@item INC(@var{v})
-Increments the value in the variable @var{v}. Returns the new value.
-
-@item INC(@var{v},@var{i})
-Increments the value in the variable @var{v} by @var{i}. Returns the
-new value.
-
-@item INCL(@var{m},@var{s})
-Adds the element @var{m} to the set @var{s} if it is not already
-there. Returns the new set.
-
-@item MAX(@var{t})
-Returns the maximum value of the type @var{t}.
-
-@item MIN(@var{t})
-Returns the minimum value of the type @var{t}.
-
-@item ODD(@var{i})
-Returns boolean TRUE if @var{i} is an odd number.
-
-@item ORD(@var{x})
-Returns the ordinal value of its argument. For example, the ordinal
-value of a character is its ASCII value (on machines supporting the
-ASCII character set). @var{x} must be of an ordered type, which include
-integral, character and enumerated types.
-
-@item SIZE(@var{x})
-Returns the size of its argument. @var{x} can be a variable or a type.
-
-@item TRUNC(@var{r})
-Returns the integral part of @var{r}.
-
-@item VAL(@var{t},@var{i})
-Returns the member of the type @var{t} whose ordinal value is @var{i}.
-@end table
-
-@quotation
-@emph{Warning:} Sets and their operations are not yet supported, so
-@value{GDBN} treats the use of procedures @code{INCL} and @code{EXCL} as
-an error.
-@end quotation
-
-@cindex Modula-2 constants
-@node M2 Constants, M2 Defaults, Built-In Func/Proc, Modula-2
-@subsubsection Constants
-
-@value{GDBN} allows you to express the constants of Modula-2 in the following
-ways:
-
-@itemize @bullet
-
-@item
-Integer constants are simply a sequence of digits. When used in an
-expression, a constant is interpreted to be type-compatible with the
-rest of the expression. Hexadecimal integers are specified by a
-trailing @samp{H}, and octal integers by a trailing @samp{B}.
-
-@item
-Floating point constants appear as a sequence of digits, followed by a
-decimal point and another sequence of digits. An optional exponent can
-then be specified, in the form @samp{E@r{[}+@r{|}-@r{]}@var{nnn}}, where
-@samp{@r{[}+@r{|}-@r{]}@var{nnn}} is the desired exponent. All of the
-digits of the floating point constant must be valid decimal (base 10)
-digits.
-
-@item
-Character constants consist of a single character enclosed by a pair of
-like quotes, either single (@code{'}) or double (@code{"}). They may
-also be expressed by their ordinal value (their ASCII value, usually)
-followed by a @samp{C}.
-
-@item
-String constants consist of a sequence of characters enclosed by a
-pair of like quotes, either single (@code{'}) or double (@code{"}).
-Escape sequences in the style of C are also allowed. @xref{C
-Constants, ,C and C++ constants}, for a brief explanation of escape
-sequences.
-
-@item
-Enumerated constants consist of an enumerated identifier.
-
-@item
-Boolean constants consist of the identifiers @code{TRUE} and
-@code{FALSE}.
-
-@item
-Pointer constants consist of integral values only.
-
-@item
-Set constants are not yet supported.
-@end itemize
-
-@node M2 Defaults, Deviations, M2 Constants, Modula-2
-@subsubsection Modula-2 defaults
-@cindex Modula-2 defaults
-
-If type and range checking are set automatically by @value{GDBN}, they
-both default to @code{on} whenever the working language changes to
-Modula-2. This happens regardless of whether you, or @value{GDBN},
-selected the working language.
-
-If you allow @value{GDBN} to set the language automatically, then entering
-code compiled from a file whose name ends with @file{.mod} sets the
-working language to Modula-2. @xref{Automatically, ,Having @value{GDBN} set
-the language automatically}, for further details.
-
-@node Deviations, M2 Checks, M2 Defaults, Modula-2
-@subsubsection Deviations from standard Modula-2
-@cindex Modula-2, deviations from
-
-A few changes have been made to make Modula-2 programs easier to debug.
-This is done primarily via loosening its type strictness:
-
-@itemize @bullet
-@item
-Unlike in standard Modula-2, pointer constants can be formed by
-integers. This allows you to modify pointer variables during
-debugging. (In standard Modula-2, the actual address contained in a
-pointer variable is hidden from you; it can only be modified
-through direct assignment to another pointer variable or expression that
-returned a pointer.)
-
-@item
-C escape sequences can be used in strings and characters to represent
-non-printable characters. @value{GDBN} prints out strings with these
-escape sequences embedded. Single non-printable characters are
-printed using the @samp{CHR(@var{nnn})} format.
-
-@item
-The assignment operator (@code{:=}) returns the value of its right-hand
-argument.
-
-@item
-All built-in procedures both modify @emph{and} return their argument.
-@end itemize
-
-@node M2 Checks, M2 Scope, Deviations, Modula-2
-@subsubsection Modula-2 type and range checks
-@cindex Modula-2 checks
-
-@quotation
-@emph{Warning:} in this release, @value{GDBN} does not yet perform type or
-range checking.
-@end quotation
-@c FIXME remove warning when type/range checks added
-
-@value{GDBN} considers two Modula-2 variables type equivalent if:
-
-@itemize @bullet
-@item
-They are of types that have been declared equivalent via a @code{TYPE
-@var{t1} = @var{t2}} statement
-
-@item
-They have been declared on the same line. (Note: This is true of the
-@sc{gnu} Modula-2 compiler, but it may not be true of other compilers.)
-@end itemize
-
-As long as type checking is enabled, any attempt to combine variables
-whose types are not equivalent is an error.
-
-Range checking is done on all mathematical operations, assignment, array
-index bounds, and all built-in functions and procedures.
-
-@node M2 Scope, GDB/M2, M2 Checks, Modula-2
-@subsubsection The scope operators @code{::} and @code{.}
-@cindex scope
-@kindex .
-@cindex colon, doubled as scope operator
-@ifinfo
-@kindex colon-colon
-@c Info cannot handle :: but TeX can.
-@end ifinfo
-@iftex
-@kindex ::
-@end iftex
-
-There are a few subtle differences between the Modula-2 scope operator
-(@code{.}) and the @value{GDBN} scope operator (@code{::}). The two have
-similar syntax:
-
-@example
-
-@var{module} . @var{id}
-@var{scope} :: @var{id}
-@end example
-
-@noindent
-where @var{scope} is the name of a module or a procedure,
-@var{module} the name of a module, and @var{id} is any declared
-identifier within your program, except another module.
-
-Using the @code{::} operator makes @value{GDBN} search the scope
-specified by @var{scope} for the identifier @var{id}. If it is not
-found in the specified scope, then @value{GDBN} searches all scopes
-enclosing the one specified by @var{scope}.
-
-Using the @code{.} operator makes @value{GDBN} search the current scope for
-the identifier specified by @var{id} that was imported from the
-definition module specified by @var{module}. With this operator, it is
-an error if the identifier @var{id} was not imported from definition
-module @var{module}, or if @var{id} is not an identifier in
-@var{module}.
-
-@node GDB/M2, , M2 Scope, Modula-2
-@subsubsection @value{GDBN} and Modula-2
-
-Some @value{GDBN} commands have little use when debugging Modula-2 programs.
-Five subcommands of @code{set print} and @code{show print} apply
-specifically to C and C++: @samp{vtbl}, @samp{demangle},
-@samp{asm-demangle}, @samp{object}, and @samp{union}. The first four
-apply to C++, and the last to the C @code{union} type, which has no direct
-analogue in Modula-2.
-
-The @code{@@} operator (@pxref{Expressions, ,Expressions}), while available
-while using any language, is not useful with Modula-2. Its
-intent is to aid the debugging of @dfn{dynamic arrays}, which cannot be
-created in Modula-2 as they can in C or C++. However, because an
-address can be specified by an integral constant, the construct
-@samp{@{@var{type}@}@var{adrexp}} is still useful. (@pxref{Expressions, ,Expressions})
-
-@cindex @code{#} in Modula-2
-In @value{GDBN} scripts, the Modula-2 inequality operator @code{#} is
-interpreted as the beginning of a comment. Use @code{<>} instead.
-@end ifset
-@end ifclear
-
-@node Symbols, Altering, Languages, Top
-@chapter Examining the Symbol Table
-
-The commands described in this section allow you to inquire about the
-symbols (names of variables, functions and types) defined in your
-program. This information is inherent in the text of your program and
-does not change as your program executes. @value{GDBN} finds it in your
-program's symbol table, in the file indicated when you started @value{GDBN}
-(@pxref{File Options, ,Choosing files}), or by one of the
-file-management commands (@pxref{Files, ,Commands to specify files}).
-
-@cindex symbol names
-@cindex names of symbols
-@cindex quoting names
-Occasionally, you may need to refer to symbols that contain unusual
-characters, which @value{GDBN} ordinarily treats as word delimiters. The
-most frequent case is in referring to static variables in other
-source files (@pxref{Variables,,Program variables}). File names
-are recorded in object files as debugging symbols, but @value{GDBN} would
-ordinarily parse a typical file name, like @file{foo.c}, as the three words
-@samp{foo} @samp{.} @samp{c}. To allow @value{GDBN} to recognize
-@samp{foo.c} as a single symbol, enclose it in single quotes; for example,
-
-@example
-p 'foo.c'::x
-@end example
-
-@noindent
-looks up the value of @code{x} in the scope of the file @file{foo.c}.
-
-@table @code
-@kindex info address
-@item info address @var{symbol}
-Describe where the data for @var{symbol} is stored. For a register
-variable, this says which register it is kept in. For a non-register
-local variable, this prints the stack-frame offset at which the variable
-is always stored.
-
-Note the contrast with @samp{print &@var{symbol}}, which does not work
-at all for a register variable, and for a stack local variable prints
-the exact address of the current instantiation of the variable.
-
-@kindex whatis
-@item whatis @var{exp}
-Print the data type of expression @var{exp}. @var{exp} is not
-actually evaluated, and any side-effecting operations (such as
-assignments or function calls) inside it do not take place.
-@xref{Expressions, ,Expressions}.
-
-@item whatis
-Print the data type of @code{$}, the last value in the value history.
-
-@kindex ptype
-@item ptype @var{typename}
-Print a description of data type @var{typename}. @var{typename} may be
-the name of a type, or for C code it may have the form
-@ifclear CONLY
-@samp{class @var{class-name}},
-@end ifclear
-@samp{struct @var{struct-tag}}, @samp{union @var{union-tag}} or
-@samp{enum @var{enum-tag}}.
-
-@item ptype @var{exp}
-@itemx ptype
-Print a description of the type of expression @var{exp}. @code{ptype}
-differs from @code{whatis} by printing a detailed description, instead
-of just the name of the type.
-
-For example, for this variable declaration:
-
-@example
-struct complex @{double real; double imag;@} v;
-@end example
-
-@noindent
-the two commands give this output:
-
-@example
-@group
-(@value{GDBP}) whatis v
-type = struct complex
-(@value{GDBP}) ptype v
-type = struct complex @{
- double real;
- double imag;
-@}
-@end group
-@end example
-
-@noindent
-As with @code{whatis}, using @code{ptype} without an argument refers to
-the type of @code{$}, the last value in the value history.
-
-@kindex info types
-@item info types @var{regexp}
-@itemx info types
-Print a brief description of all types whose name matches @var{regexp}
-(or all types in your program, if you supply no argument). Each
-complete typename is matched as though it were a complete line; thus,
-@samp{i type value} gives information on all types in your program whose
-name includes the string @code{value}, but @samp{i type ^value$} gives
-information only on types whose complete name is @code{value}.
-
-This command differs from @code{ptype} in two ways: first, like
-@code{whatis}, it does not print a detailed description; second, it
-lists all source files where a type is defined.
-
-@kindex info source
-@item info source
-Show the name of the current source file---that is, the source file for
-the function containing the current point of execution---and the language
-it was written in.
-
-@kindex info sources
-@item info sources
-Print the names of all source files in your program for which there is
-debugging information, organized into two lists: files whose symbols
-have already been read, and files whose symbols will be read when needed.
-
-@kindex info functions
-@item info functions
-Print the names and data types of all defined functions.
-
-@item info functions @var{regexp}
-Print the names and data types of all defined functions
-whose names contain a match for regular expression @var{regexp}.
-Thus, @samp{info fun step} finds all functions whose names
-include @code{step}; @samp{info fun ^step} finds those whose names
-start with @code{step}.
-
-@kindex info variables
-@item info variables
-Print the names and data types of all variables that are declared
-outside of functions (i.e., excluding local variables).
-
-@item info variables @var{regexp}
-Print the names and data types of all variables (except for local
-variables) whose names contain a match for regular expression
-@var{regexp}.
-
-@ignore
-This was never implemented.
-@kindex info methods
-@item info methods
-@itemx info methods @var{regexp}
-The @code{info methods} command permits the user to examine all defined
-methods within C++ program, or (with the @var{regexp} argument) a
-specific set of methods found in the various C++ classes. Many
-C++ classes provide a large number of methods. Thus, the output
-from the @code{ptype} command can be overwhelming and hard to use. The
-@code{info-methods} command filters the methods, printing only those
-which match the regular-expression @var{regexp}.
-@end ignore
-
-@ifclear HPPA
-@cindex reloading symbols
-Some systems allow individual object files that make up your program to
-be replaced without stopping and restarting your program.
-@ifset VXWORKS
-For example, in VxWorks you can simply recompile a defective object file
-and keep on running.
-@end ifset
-If you are running on one of these systems, you can allow @value{GDBN} to
-reload the symbols for automatically relinked modules:
-
-@table @code
-@kindex set symbol-reloading
-@item set symbol-reloading on
-Replace symbol definitions for the corresponding source file when an
-object file with a particular name is seen again.
-
-@item set symbol-reloading off
-Do not replace symbol definitions when re-encountering object files of
-the same name. This is the default state; if you are not running on a
-system that permits automatically relinking modules, you should leave
-@code{symbol-reloading} off, since otherwise @value{GDBN} may discard symbols
-when linking large programs, that may contain several modules (from
-different directories or libraries) with the same name.
-
-@kindex show symbol-reloading
-@item show symbol-reloading
-Show the current @code{on} or @code{off} setting.
-@end table
-@end ifclear
-
-@ifset HPPA
-@kindex set opaque-type-resolution
-@item set opaque-type-resolution on
-Tell @value{GDBN} to resolve opaque types. An opaque type is a type
-declared as a pointer to a @code{struct}, @code{class}, or
-@code{union}---for example, @code{struct MyType *}---that is used in one
-source file although the full declaration of @code{struct MyType} is in
-another source file. The default is on.
-
-A change in the setting of this subcommand will not take effect until
-the next time symbols for a file are loaded.
-
-@item set opaque-type-resolution off
-Tell @value{GDBN} not to resolve opaque types. In this case, the type
-is printed as follows:
-@smallexample
-@{<no data fields>@}
-@end smallexample
-
-@kindex show opaque-type-resolution
-@item show opaque-type-resolution
-Show whether opaque types are resolved or not.
-@end ifset
-
-@kindex maint print symbols
-@cindex symbol dump
-@kindex maint print psymbols
-@cindex partial symbol dump
-@item maint print symbols @var{filename}
-@itemx maint print psymbols @var{filename}
-@itemx maint print msymbols @var{filename}
-Write a dump of debugging symbol data into the file @var{filename}.
-These commands are used to debug the @value{GDBN} symbol-reading code. Only
-symbols with debugging data are included. If you use @samp{maint print
-symbols}, @value{GDBN} includes all the symbols for which it has already
-collected full details: that is, @var{filename} reflects symbols for
-only those files whose symbols @value{GDBN} has read. You can use the
-command @code{info sources} to find out which files these are. If you
-use @samp{maint print psymbols} instead, the dump shows information about
-symbols that @value{GDBN} only knows partially---that is, symbols defined in
-files that @value{GDBN} has skimmed, but not yet read completely. Finally,
-@samp{maint print msymbols} dumps just the minimal symbol information
-required for each object file from which @value{GDBN} has read some symbols.
-@xref{Files, ,Commands to specify files}, for a discussion of how
-@value{GDBN} reads symbols (in the description of @code{symbol-file}).
-@end table
-
-@node Altering, GDB Files, Symbols, Top
-@chapter Altering Execution
-
-Once you think you have found an error in your program, you might want to
-find out for certain whether correcting the apparent error would lead to
-correct results in the rest of the run. You can find the answer by
-experiment, using the @value{GDBN} features for altering execution of the
-program.
-
-For example, you can store new values into variables or memory
-locations,
-@ifclear BARETARGET
-give your program a signal, restart it
-@end ifclear
-@ifset BARETARGET
-restart your program
-@end ifset
-at a different address, or even return prematurely from a function.
-
-@menu
-* Assignment:: Assignment to variables
-* Jumping:: Continuing at a different address
-@ifclear BARETARGET
-* Signaling:: Giving your program a signal
-@end ifclear
-
-* Returning:: Returning from a function
-* Calling:: Calling your program's functions
-* Patching:: Patching your program
-@end menu
-
-@node Assignment, Jumping, Altering, Altering
-@section Assignment to variables
-
-@cindex assignment
-@cindex setting variables
-To alter the value of a variable, evaluate an assignment expression.
-@xref{Expressions, ,Expressions}. For example,
-
-@example
-print x=4
-@end example
-
-@noindent
-stores the value 4 into the variable @code{x}, and then prints the
-value of the assignment expression (which is 4).
-@ifclear CONLY
-@xref{Languages, ,Using @value{GDBN} with Different Languages}, for more
-information on operators in supported languages.
-@end ifclear
-
-@kindex set variable
-@cindex variables, setting
-If you are not interested in seeing the value of the assignment, use the
-@code{set} command instead of the @code{print} command. @code{set} is
-really the same as @code{print} except that the expression's value is
-not printed and is not put in the value history (@pxref{Value History,
-,Value history}). The expression is evaluated only for its effects.
-
-@ifclear HPPA
-If the beginning of the argument string of the @code{set} command
-appears identical to a @code{set} subcommand, use the @code{set
-variable} command instead of just @code{set}. This command is identical
-to @code{set} except for its lack of subcommands. For example, if your
-program has a variable @code{width}, you get an error if you try to set
-a new value with just @samp{set width=13}, because @value{GDBN} has the
-command @code{set width}:
-
-@example
-(@value{GDBP}) whatis width
-type = double
-(@value{GDBP}) p width
-$4 = 13
-(@value{GDBP}) set width=47
-Invalid syntax in expression.
-@end example
-
-@noindent
-The invalid expression, of course, is @samp{=47}. In
-order to actually set the program's variable @code{width}, use
-
-@example
-(@value{GDBP}) set var width=47
-@end example
-@end ifclear
-@ifset HPPA
-Because the @code{set} command has many subcommands that can conflict
-with the names of program variables, it is a good idea to use the
-@code{set variable} command instead of just @code{set}. For example, if
-your program has a variable @code{g}, you run into problems if you try
-to set a new value with just @samp{set g=4}, because @value{GDBN} has
-the command @code{set gnutarget}, abbreviated @code{set g}:
-
-@example
-@group
-(@value{GDBP}) whatis g
-type = double
-(@value{GDBP}) p g
-$1 = 1
-(@value{GDBP}) set g=4
-(gdb) p g
-$2 = 1
-(@value{GDBP}) r
-The program being debugged has been started already.
-Start it from the beginning? (y or n) y
-Starting program: /home/smith/cc_progs/a.out
-"/home/smith/cc_progs/a.out": can't open to read symbols: Invalid bfd target.
-(@value{GDBP}) show g
-The current BFD target is "=4".
-@end group
-@end example
-
-@noindent
-The program variable @code{g} did not change, and you silently set the
-@code{gnutarget} to an invalid value. In order to set the variable
-@code{g}, use
-
-@example
-(@value{GDBP}) set var g=4
-@end example
-@end ifset
-
-@value{GDBN} allows more implicit conversions in assignments than C; you can
-freely store an integer value into a pointer variable or vice versa,
-and you can convert any structure to any other structure that is the
-same length or shorter.
-@comment FIXME: how do structs align/pad in these conversions?
-@comment /doc@cygnus.com 18dec1990
-
-To store values into arbitrary places in memory, use the @samp{@{@dots{}@}}
-construct to generate a value of specified type at a specified address
-(@pxref{Expressions, ,Expressions}). For example, @code{@{int@}0x83040} refers
-to memory location @code{0x83040} as an integer (which implies a certain size
-and representation in memory), and
-
-@example
-set @{int@}0x83040 = 4
-@end example
-
-@noindent
-stores the value 4 into that memory location.
-
-@node Jumping, Signaling, Assignment, Altering
-@section Continuing at a different address
-
-Ordinarily, when you continue your program, you do so at the place where
-it stopped, with the @code{continue} command. You can instead continue at
-an address of your own choosing, with the following commands:
-
-@table @code
-@kindex jump
-@item jump @var{linespec}
-Resume execution at line @var{linespec}. Execution stops again
-immediately if there is a breakpoint there. @xref{List, ,Printing
-source lines}, for a description of the different forms of
-@var{linespec}. It is common practice to use the @code{tbreak} command
-in conjunction with @code{jump}. @xref{Set Breaks, ,Setting
-breakpoints}.
-
-The @code{jump} command does not change the current stack frame, or
-the stack pointer, or the contents of any memory location or any
-register other than the program counter. If line @var{linespec} is in
-a different function from the one currently executing, the results may
-be bizarre if the two functions expect different patterns of arguments or
-of local variables. For this reason, the @code{jump} command requests
-confirmation if the specified line is not in the function currently
-executing. However, even bizarre results are predictable if you are
-well acquainted with the machine-language code of your program.
-
-@item jump *@var{address}
-Resume execution at the instruction at address @var{address}.
-@end table
-
-@ifclear HPPA
-@c Doesn't work on HP-UX; have to set $pcoqh and $pcoqt.
-You can get much the same effect as the @code{jump} command by storing a
-new value into the register @code{$pc}. The difference is that this
-does not start your program running; it only changes the address of where it
-@emph{will} run when you continue. For example,
-
-@example
-set $pc = 0x485
-@end example
-
-@noindent
-makes the next @code{continue} command or stepping command execute at
-address @code{0x485}, rather than at the address where your program stopped.
-@xref{Continuing and Stepping, ,Continuing and stepping}.
-@end ifclear
-
-The most common occasion to use the @code{jump} command is to back
-up---perhaps with more breakpoints set---over a portion of a program
-that has already executed, in order to examine its execution in more
-detail.
-
-@ifclear BARETARGET
-@c @group
-@node Signaling, Returning, Jumping, Altering
-@section Giving your program a signal
-
-@table @code
-@kindex signal
-@item signal @var{signal}
-Resume execution where your program stopped, but immediately give it the
-signal @var{signal}. @var{signal} can be the name or the number of a
-signal. For example, on many systems @code{signal 2} and @code{signal
-SIGINT} are both ways of sending an interrupt signal.
-
-Alternatively, if @var{signal} is zero, continue execution without
-giving a signal. This is useful when your program stopped on account of
-a signal and would ordinary see the signal when resumed with the
-@code{continue} command; @samp{signal 0} causes it to resume without a
-signal.
-
-@code{signal} does not repeat when you press @key{RET} a second time
-after executing the command.
-@end table
-@c @end group
-
-Invoking the @code{signal} command is not the same as invoking the
-@code{kill} utility from the shell. Sending a signal with @code{kill}
-causes @value{GDBN} to decide what to do with the signal depending on
-the signal handling tables (@pxref{Signals}). The @code{signal} command
-passes the signal directly to your program.
-
-@end ifclear
-
-@node Returning, Calling, Signaling, Altering
-@section Returning from a function
-
-@table @code
-@cindex returning from a function
-@kindex return
-@item return
-@itemx return @var{expression}
-You can cancel execution of a function call with the @code{return}
-command. If you give an
-@var{expression} argument, its value is used as the function's return
-value.
-@end table
-
-When you use @code{return}, @value{GDBN} discards the selected stack frame
-(and all frames within it). You can think of this as making the
-discarded frame return prematurely. If you wish to specify a value to
-be returned, give that value as the argument to @code{return}.
-
-This pops the selected stack frame (@pxref{Selection, ,Selecting a
-frame}), and any other frames inside of it, leaving its caller as the
-innermost remaining frame. That frame becomes selected. The
-specified value is stored in the registers used for returning values
-of functions.
-
-The @code{return} command does not resume execution; it leaves the
-program stopped in the state that would exist if the function had just
-returned. In contrast, the @code{finish} command (@pxref{Continuing
-and Stepping, ,Continuing and stepping}) resumes execution until the
-selected stack frame returns naturally.
-
-@node Calling, Patching, Returning, Altering
-@section Calling program functions
-
-@cindex calling functions
-@kindex call
-@table @code
-@item call @var{expr}
-Evaluate the expression @var{expr} without displaying @code{void}
-returned values.
-@end table
-
-You can use this variant of the @code{print} command if you want to
-execute a function from your program, but without cluttering the output
-with @code{void} returned values. If the result is not void, it
-is printed and saved in the value history.
-
-@ifclear HPPA
-For the A29K, a user-controlled variable @code{call_scratch_address},
-specifies the location of a scratch area to be used when @value{GDBN}
-calls a function in the target. This is necessary because the usual
-method of putting the scratch area on the stack does not work in systems
-that have separate instruction and data spaces.
-@end ifclear
-
-@node Patching, , Calling, Altering
-@section Patching programs
-@cindex patching binaries
-@cindex writing into executables
-@ifclear BARETARGET
-@cindex writing into corefiles
-@end ifclear
-
-By default, @value{GDBN} opens the file containing your program's executable
-code
-@ifclear BARETARGET
-(or the corefile)
-@end ifclear
-read-only. This prevents accidental alterations
-to machine code; but it also prevents you from intentionally patching
-your program's binary.
-
-If you'd like to be able to patch the binary, you can specify that
-explicitly with the @code{set write} command. For example, you might
-want to turn on internal debugging flags, or even to make emergency
-repairs.
-
-@table @code
-@kindex set write
-@item set write on
-@itemx set write off
-If you specify @samp{set write on}, @value{GDBN} opens executable
-@ifclear BARETARGET
-and core
-@end ifclear
-files for both reading and writing; if you specify @samp{set write
-off} (the default), @value{GDBN} opens them read-only.
-
-If you have already loaded a file, you must load it again (using the
-@code{exec-file}
-@ifclear BARETARGET
-or @code{core-file}
-@end ifclear
-command) after changing @code{set write}, for your new setting to take
-effect.
-
-@item show write
-@kindex show write
-Display whether executable files
-@ifclear BARETARGET
-and core files
-@end ifclear
-are opened for writing as well as reading.
-@end table
-
-@node GDB Files, Targets, Altering, Top
-@chapter @value{GDBN} Files
-
-@value{GDBN} needs to know the file name of the program to be debugged, both in
-order to read its symbol table and in order to start your program.
-@ifclear BARETARGET
-To debug a core dump of a previous run, you must also tell @value{GDBN}
-the name of the core dump file.
-@end ifclear
-
-@menu
-* Files:: Commands to specify files
-* Symbol Errors:: Errors reading symbol files
-@end menu
-
-@node Files, Symbol Errors, GDB Files, GDB Files
-@section Commands to specify files
-@cindex symbol table
-
-@ifclear BARETARGET
-@cindex core dump file
-You may want to specify executable and core dump file names.
-The usual way to do this is at start-up time, using the arguments to
-@value{GDBN}'s start-up commands (@pxref{Invocation, ,
-Getting In and Out of @value{GDBN}}).
-@end ifclear
-@ifset BARETARGET
-The usual way to specify an executable file name is with
-the command argument given when you start @value{GDBN}, (@pxref{Invocation,
-,Getting In and Out of @value{GDBN}}.
-@end ifset
-
-Occasionally it is necessary to change to a different file during a
-@value{GDBN} session. Or you may run @value{GDBN} and forget to specify
-a file you want to use. In these situations the @value{GDBN} commands
-to specify new files are useful.
-
-@table @code
-@cindex executable file
-@kindex file
-@item file @var{filename}
-Use @var{filename} as the program to be debugged. It is read for its
-symbols and for the contents of pure memory. It is also the program
-executed when you use the @code{run} command. If you do not specify a
-directory and the file is not found in the @value{GDBN} working directory,
-@value{GDBN} uses the environment variable @code{PATH} as a list of
-directories to search, just as the shell does when looking for a program
-to run. You can change the value of this variable, for both @value{GDBN}
-and your program, using the @code{path} command.
-
-@ifclear HPPA
-On systems with memory-mapped files, an auxiliary file
-@file{@var{filename}.syms} may hold symbol table information for
-@var{filename}. If so, @value{GDBN} maps in the symbol table from
-@file{@var{filename}.syms}, starting up more quickly. See the
-descriptions of the file options @samp{-mapped} and @samp{-readnow}
-(available on the command line, and with the commands @code{file},
-@code{symbol-file}, or @code{add-symbol-file}, described below),
-for more information.
-@end ifclear
-
-@item file
-@code{file} with no argument makes @value{GDBN} discard any information it
-has on both executable file and the symbol table.
-
-@kindex exec-file
-@item exec-file @r{[} @var{filename} @r{]}
-Specify that the program to be run (but not the symbol table) is found
-in @var{filename}. @value{GDBN} searches the environment variable @code{PATH}
-if necessary to locate your program. Omitting @var{filename} means to
-discard information on the executable file.
-
-@kindex symbol-file
-@item symbol-file @r{[} @var{filename} @r{]}
-Read symbol table information from file @var{filename}. @code{PATH} is
-searched when necessary. Use the @code{file} command to get both symbol
-table and program to run from the same file.
-
-@code{symbol-file} with no argument clears out @value{GDBN} information on your
-program's symbol table.
-
-The @code{symbol-file} command causes @value{GDBN} to forget the contents
-of its convenience variables, the value history, and all breakpoints and
-auto-display expressions. This is because they may contain pointers to
-the internal data recording symbols and data types, which are part of
-the old symbol table data being discarded inside @value{GDBN}.
-
-@code{symbol-file} does not repeat if you press @key{RET} again after
-executing it once.
-
-When @value{GDBN} is configured for a particular environment, it
-understands debugging information in whatever format is the standard
-generated for that environment; you may use either a @sc{gnu} compiler, or
-other compilers that adhere to the local conventions.
-@ifclear HPPA
-Best results are usually obtained from @sc{gnu} compilers; for example,
-using @code{@value{GCC}} you can generate debugging information for
-optimized code.
-@end ifclear
-
-For most kinds of object files, with the exception of old SVR3 systems
-using COFF, the @code{symbol-file} command does not normally read the
-symbol table in full right away. Instead, it scans the symbol table
-quickly to find which source files and which symbols are present. The
-details are read later, one source file at a time, as they are needed.
-
-The purpose of this two-stage reading strategy is to make @value{GDBN}
-start up faster. For the most part, it is invisible except for
-occasional pauses while the symbol table details for a particular source
-file are being read. (The @code{set verbose} command can turn these
-pauses into messages if desired. @xref{Messages/Warnings, ,Optional
-warnings and messages}.)
-
-@ifclear HPPA
-We have not implemented the two-stage strategy for COFF yet. When the
-symbol table is stored in COFF format, @code{symbol-file} reads the
-symbol table data in full right away. Note that ``stabs-in-COFF''
-still does the two-stage strategy, since the debug info is actually
-in stabs format.
-
-@kindex readnow
-@cindex reading symbols immediately
-@cindex symbols, reading immediately
-@kindex mapped
-@cindex memory-mapped symbol file
-@cindex saving symbol table
-@item symbol-file @var{filename} @r{[} -readnow @r{]} @r{[} -mapped @r{]}
-@itemx file @var{filename} @r{[} -readnow @r{]} @r{[} -mapped @r{]}
-You can override the @value{GDBN} two-stage strategy for reading symbol
-tables by using the @samp{-readnow} option with any of the commands that
-load symbol table information, if you want to be sure @value{GDBN} has the
-entire symbol table available.
-@end ifclear
-
-@ifclear BARETARGET
-@ifclear HPPA
-If memory-mapped files are available on your system through the
-@code{mmap} system call, you can use another option, @samp{-mapped}, to
-cause @value{GDBN} to write the symbols for your program into a reusable
-file. Future @value{GDBN} debugging sessions map in symbol information
-from this auxiliary symbol file (if the program has not changed), rather
-than spending time reading the symbol table from the executable
-program. Using the @samp{-mapped} option has the same effect as
-starting @value{GDBN} with the @samp{-mapped} command-line option.
-
-You can use both options together, to make sure the auxiliary symbol
-file has all the symbol information for your program.
-
-The auxiliary symbol file for a program called @var{myprog} is called
-@samp{@var{myprog}.syms}. Once this file exists (so long as it is newer
-than the corresponding executable), @value{GDBN} always attempts to use
-it when you debug @var{myprog}; no special options or commands are
-needed.
-
-The @file{.syms} file is specific to the host machine where you run
-@value{GDBN}. It holds an exact image of the internal @value{GDBN}
-symbol table. It cannot be shared across multiple host platforms.
-@end ifclear
-
-@c FIXME: for now no mention of directories, since this seems to be in
-@c flux. 13mar1992 status is that in theory GDB would look either in
-@c current dir or in same dir as myprog; but issues like competing
-@c GDB's, or clutter in system dirs, mean that in practice right now
-@c only current dir is used. FFish says maybe a special GDB hierarchy
-@c (eg rooted in val of env var GDBSYMS) could exist for mappable symbol
-@c files.
-
-@kindex core
-@kindex core-file
-@item core-file @r{[} @var{filename} @r{]}
-Specify the whereabouts of a core dump file to be used as the ``contents
-of memory''. Traditionally, core files contain only some parts of the
-address space of the process that generated them; @value{GDBN} can access the
-executable file itself for other parts.
-
-@code{core-file} with no argument specifies that no core file is
-to be used.
-
-Note that the core file is ignored when your program is actually running
-under @value{GDBN}. So, if you have been running your program and you wish to
-debug a core file instead, you must kill the subprocess in which the
-program is running. To do this, use the @code{kill} command
-(@pxref{Kill Process, ,Killing the child process}).
-@end ifclear
-
-@ifclear BARETARGET
-@ifclear HPPA
-@kindex add-symbol-file
-@cindex dynamic linking
-@item add-symbol-file @var{filename} @var{address}
-@itemx add-symbol-file @var{filename} @var{address} @r{[} -readnow @r{]} @r{[} -mapped @r{]}
-The @code{add-symbol-file} command reads additional symbol table information
-from the file @var{filename}. You would use this command when @var{filename}
-has been dynamically loaded (by some other means) into the program that
-is running. @var{address} should be the memory address at which the
-file has been loaded; @value{GDBN} cannot figure this out for itself.
-You can specify @var{address} as an expression.
-
-The symbol table of the file @var{filename} is added to the symbol table
-originally read with the @code{symbol-file} command. You can use the
-@code{add-symbol-file} command any number of times; the new symbol data thus
-read keeps adding to the old. To discard all old symbol data instead,
-use the @code{symbol-file} command.
-
-@code{add-symbol-file} does not repeat if you press @key{RET} after using it.
-
-You can use the @samp{-mapped} and @samp{-readnow} options just as with
-the @code{symbol-file} command, to change how @value{GDBN} manages the symbol
-table information for @var{filename}.
-
-@kindex add-shared-symbol-file
-@item add-shared-symbol-file
-The @code{add-shared-symbol-file} command can be used only under Harris' CXUX
-operating system for the Motorola 88k. @value{GDBN} automatically looks for
-shared libraries, however if @value{GDBN} does not find yours, you can run
-@code{add-shared-symbol-file}. It takes no arguments.
-@end ifclear
-@end ifclear
-
-@ifclear HPPA
-@kindex section
-@item section
-The @code{section} command changes the base address of section SECTION of
-the exec file to ADDR. This can be used if the exec file does not contain
-section addresses, (such as in the a.out format), or when the addresses
-specified in the file itself are wrong. Each section must be changed
-separately. The ``info files'' command lists all the sections and their
-addresses.
-@end ifclear
-
-@kindex info files
-@kindex info target
-@item info files
-@itemx info target
-@code{info files} and @code{info target} are synonymous; both print
-the current target (@pxref{Targets, ,Specifying a Debugging Target}),
-including the
-@ifclear BARETARGET
-names of the executable and core dump files
-@end ifclear
-@ifset BARETARGET
-name of the executable file
-@end ifset
-currently in use by @value{GDBN}, and the files from which symbols were
-loaded. The command @code{help target} lists all possible targets
-rather than current ones.
-@end table
-
-All file-specifying commands allow both absolute and relative file names
-as arguments. @value{GDBN} always converts the file name to an absolute file
-name and remembers it that way.
-
-@ifclear BARETARGET
-@cindex shared libraries
-@ifclear HPPA
-@c added HP-UX -- Kim (HP writer)
-@value{GDBN} supports HP-UX, SunOS, SVr4, Irix 5, and IBM RS/6000 shared
-libraries.
-@end ifclear
-@ifset HPPA
-@value{GDBN} supports HP-UX shared libraries.
-@end ifset
-@value{GDBN} automatically loads symbol definitions from shared libraries
-when you use the @code{run} command, or when you examine a core file.
-(Before you issue the @code{run} command, @value{GDBN} does not understand
-references to a function in a shared library, however---unless you are
-debugging a core file).
-@ifset HPPA
-If the program loads a library explicitly, @value{GDBN} automatically
-loads the symbols at the time of the @code{shl_load} call.
-@end ifset
-@c FIXME: some @value{GDBN} release may permit some refs to undef
-@c FIXME...symbols---eg in a break cmd---assuming they are from a shared
-@c FIXME...lib; check this from time to time when updating manual
-
-@table @code
-@kindex info sharedlibrary
-@kindex info share
-@item info share
-@itemx info sharedlibrary
-Print the names of the shared libraries which are currently loaded.
-
-@kindex sharedlibrary
-@kindex share
-@item sharedlibrary @var{regex}
-@itemx share @var{regex}
-
-Load shared object library symbols for files matching a
-Unix regular expression.
-As with files loaded automatically, it only loads shared libraries
-required by your program for a core file or after typing @code{run}. If
-@var{regex} is omitted all shared libraries required by your program are
-loaded.
-@end table
-
-@ifset HPPA
-@value{GDBN} detects the loading of a shared library and automatically
-reads in symbols from the newly loaded library, up to a threshold that
-is initially set but that you can modify if you wish.
-
-Beyond that threshold, symbols from shared libraries must be explicitly
-loaded. To load these symbols, use the command @code{sharedlibrary}
-@var{filename}. The base address of the shared library is determined
-automatically by @value{GDBN} and need not be specified.
-
-To display or set the threshold, use the commands:
-
-@table @code
-@kindex set auto-solib-add
-@item set auto-solib-add @var{threshold}
-Set the autoloading size threshold, in megabytes. If @var{threshold} is
-nonzero, symbols from all shared object libraries will be loaded
-automatically when the inferior begins execution or when the dynamic
-linker informs @value{GDBN} that a new library has been loaded, until
-the symbol table of the program and libraries exceeds this threshold.
-Otherwise, symbols must be loaded manually, using the
-@code{sharedlibrary} command. The default threshold is 100 megabytes.
-
-@kindex show auto-solib-add
-@item show auto-solib-add
-Display the current autoloading size threshold, in megabytes.
-@end table
-@end ifset
-
-@end ifclear
-
-@node Symbol Errors, , Files, GDB Files
-@section Errors reading symbol files
-
-While reading a symbol file, @value{GDBN} occasionally encounters problems,
-such as symbol types it does not recognize, or known bugs in compiler
-output. By default, @value{GDBN} does not notify you of such problems, since
-they are relatively common and primarily of interest to people
-debugging compilers. If you are interested in seeing information
-about ill-constructed symbol tables, you can either ask @value{GDBN} to print
-only one message about each such type of problem, no matter how many
-times the problem occurs; or you can ask @value{GDBN} to print more messages,
-to see how many times the problems occur, with the @code{set
-complaints} command (@pxref{Messages/Warnings, ,Optional warnings and
-messages}).
-
-The messages currently printed, and their meanings, include:
-
-@table @code
-@item inner block not inside outer block in @var{symbol}
-
-The symbol information shows where symbol scopes begin and end
-(such as at the start of a function or a block of statements). This
-error indicates that an inner scope block is not fully contained
-in its outer scope blocks.
-
-@value{GDBN} circumvents the problem by treating the inner block as if it had
-the same scope as the outer block. In the error message, @var{symbol}
-may be shown as ``@code{(don't know)}'' if the outer block is not a
-function.
-
-@item block at @var{address} out of order
-
-The symbol information for symbol scope blocks should occur in
-order of increasing addresses. This error indicates that it does not
-do so.
-
-@value{GDBN} does not circumvent this problem, and has trouble
-locating symbols in the source file whose symbols it is reading. (You
-can often determine what source file is affected by specifying
-@code{set verbose on}. @xref{Messages/Warnings, ,Optional warnings and
-messages}.)
-
-@item bad block start address patched
-
-The symbol information for a symbol scope block has a start address
-smaller than the address of the preceding source line. This is known
-to occur in the SunOS 4.1.1 (and earlier) C compiler.
-
-@value{GDBN} circumvents the problem by treating the symbol scope block as
-starting on the previous source line.
-
-@item bad string table offset in symbol @var{n}
-
-@cindex foo
-Symbol number @var{n} contains a pointer into the string table which is
-larger than the size of the string table.
-
-@value{GDBN} circumvents the problem by considering the symbol to have the
-name @code{foo}, which may cause other problems if many symbols end up
-with this name.
-
-@item unknown symbol type @code{0x@var{nn}}
-
-The symbol information contains new data types that @value{GDBN} does not yet
-know how to read. @code{0x@var{nn}} is the symbol type of the misunderstood
-information, in hexadecimal.
-
-@value{GDBN} circumvents the error by ignoring this symbol information. This
-usually allows you to debug your program, though certain symbols
-are not accessible. If you encounter such a problem and feel like
-debugging it, you can debug @code{@value{GDBP}} with itself, breakpoint on
-@code{complain}, then go up to the function @code{read_dbx_symtab} and
-examine @code{*bufp} to see the symbol.
-
-@item stub type has NULL name
-@value{GDBN} could not find the full definition for
-@ifclear CONLY
-a struct or class.
-@end ifclear
-@ifset CONLY
-a struct.
-@end ifset
-
-@ifclear CONLY
-@item const/volatile indicator missing (ok if using g++ v1.x), got@dots{}
-
-The symbol information for a C++ member function is missing some
-information that recent versions of the compiler should have output
-for it.
-@end ifclear
-
-@item info mismatch between compiler and debugger
-
-@value{GDBN} could not parse a type specification output by the compiler.
-@end table
-
-@node Targets, Controlling GDB, GDB Files, Top
-@chapter Specifying a Debugging Target
-@cindex debugging target
-@kindex target
-
-A @dfn{target} is the execution environment occupied by your program.
-@ifclear HPPA
-@ifclear BARETARGET
-Often, @value{GDBN} runs in the same host environment as your program; in
-that case, the debugging target is specified as a side effect when you
-use the @code{file} or @code{core} commands. When you need more
-flexibility---for example, running @value{GDBN} on a physically separate
-host, or controlling a standalone system over a serial port or a
-realtime system over a TCP/IP connection---you
-@end ifclear
-@end ifclear
-@ifset HPPA
-On HP-UX systems, @value{GDBN} has been configured to support debugging
-of processes running on the PA-RISC architecture. This means that the
-only possible targets are:
-
-@itemize @bullet
-@item
-An executable that has been compiled and linked to run on HP-UX
-
-@item
-A live HP-UX process, either started by @value{GDBN} (with the
-@code{run} command) or started outside of @value{GDBN} and attached to
-(with the @code{attach} command)
-
-@item
-A core file generated by an HP-UX process that previously aborted
-execution
-@end itemize
-
-@value{GDBN} on HP-UX has not been configured to support remote
-debugging, or to support programs running on other platforms. You
-@end ifset
-@ifset BARETARGET
-You
-@end ifset
-can use the @code{target} command to specify one of the target types
-configured for @value{GDBN} (@pxref{Target Commands, ,Commands for managing
-targets}).
-
-@menu
-* Active Targets:: Active targets
-* Target Commands:: Commands for managing targets
-@ifset REMOTESTUB
-* Byte Order:: Choosing target byte order
-* Remote:: Remote debugging
-@end ifset
-
-@end menu
-
-@node Active Targets, Target Commands, Targets, Targets
-@section Active targets
-@cindex stacking targets
-@cindex active targets
-@cindex multiple targets
-
-@ifclear BARETARGET
-There are three classes of targets: processes, core files, and
-executable files. @value{GDBN} can work concurrently on up to three active
-targets, one in each class. This allows you to (for example) start a
-process and inspect its activity without abandoning your work on a core
-file.
-
-For example, if you execute @samp{gdb a.out}, then the executable file
-@code{a.out} is the only active target. If you designate a core file as
-well---presumably from a prior run that crashed and coredumped---then
-@value{GDBN} has two active targets and uses them in tandem, looking
-first in the corefile target, then in the executable file, to satisfy
-requests for memory addresses. (Typically, these two classes of target
-are complementary, since core files contain only a program's
-read-write memory---variables and so on---plus machine status, while
-executable files contain only the program text and initialized data.)
-@end ifclear
-
-When you type @code{run}, your executable file becomes an active process
-target as well. When a process target is active, all @value{GDBN} commands
-requesting memory addresses refer to that target; addresses in an
-@ifclear BARETARGET
-active core file or
-@end ifclear
-executable file target are obscured while the process
-target is active.
-
-@ifset BARETARGET
-Use the @code{exec-file} command to select a
-new executable target (@pxref{Files, ,Commands to specify
-files}).
-@end ifset
-@ifclear BARETARGET
-Use the @code{core-file} and @code{exec-file} commands to select a
-new core file or executable target (@pxref{Files, ,Commands to specify
-files}). To specify as a target a process that is already running, use
-the @code{attach} command (@pxref{Attach, ,Debugging an
-already-running process}).
-@end ifclear
-
-@node Target Commands, Byte Order, Active Targets, Targets
-@section Commands for managing targets
-
-@table @code
-@item target @var{type} @var{parameters}
-Connects the @value{GDBN} host environment to a target
-@ifset BARETARGET
-machine.
-@end ifset
-@ifclear BARETARGET
-machine or process. A target is typically a protocol for talking to
-debugging facilities. You use the argument @var{type} to specify the
-type or protocol of the target machine.
-
-Further @var{parameters} are interpreted by the target protocol, but
-typically include things like device names or host names to connect
-with, process numbers, and baud rates.
-@end ifclear
-
-The @code{target} command does not repeat if you press @key{RET} again
-after executing the command.
-
-@kindex help target
-@item help target
-Displays the names of all targets available. To display targets
-currently selected, use either @code{info target} or @code{info files}
-(@pxref{Files, ,Commands to specify files}).
-
-@item help target @var{name}
-Describe a particular target, including any parameters necessary to
-select it.
-
-@kindex set gnutarget
-@item set gnutarget @var{args}
-@value{GDBN} uses its own library BFD to read your files. @value{GDBN}
-knows whether it is reading an @dfn{executable},
-a @dfn{core}, or a @dfn{.o} file; however, you can specify the file format
-with the @code{set gnutarget} command. Unlike most @code{target} commands,
-with @code{gnutarget} the @code{target} refers to a program, not a machine.
-
-@emph{Warning:} To specify a file format with @code{set gnutarget},
-you must know the actual BFD name.
-
-@noindent @xref{Files, , Commands to specify files}.
-
-@kindex show gnutarget
-@item show gnutarget
-Use the @code{show gnutarget} command to display what file format
-@code{gnutarget} is set to read. If you have not set @code{gnutarget},
-@value{GDBN} will determine the file format for each file automatically,
-and @code{show gnutarget} displays @samp{The current BDF target is "auto"}.
-@end table
-
-@ifclear HPPA
-Here are some common targets (available, or not, depending on the GDB
-configuration):
-@end ifclear
-@ifset HPPA
-These are the valid targets on HP-UX systems:
-@end ifset
-
-@table @code
-@kindex target exec
-@item target exec @var{program}
-An executable file. @samp{target exec @var{program}} is the same as
-@samp{exec-file @var{program}}.
-
-@ifclear BARETARGET
-@kindex target core
-@item target core @var{filename}
-A core dump file. @samp{target core @var{filename}} is the same as
-@samp{core-file @var{filename}}.
-@end ifclear
-
-@kindex target remote
-@item target remote @var{dev}
-Remote serial target in GDB-specific protocol. The argument @var{dev}
-specifies what serial device to use for the connection (e.g.
-@file{/dev/ttya}). @xref{Remote, ,Remote debugging}. @code{target remote}
-now supports the @code{load} command. This is only useful if you have
-some other way of getting the stub to the target system, and you can put
-it somewhere in memory where it won't get clobbered by the download.
-
-@ifclear HPPA
-@kindex target sim
-@item target sim
-CPU simulator. @xref{Simulator,,Simulated CPU Target}.
-@end ifclear
-@end table
-
-The following targets are all CPU-specific, and only available for
-specific configurations.
-@c should organize by CPU
-
-@table @code
-
-@kindex target abug
-@item target abug @var{dev}
-ABug ROM monitor for M68K.
-
-@kindex target adapt
-@item target adapt @var{dev}
-Adapt monitor for A29K.
-
-@kindex target amd-eb
-@item target amd-eb @var{dev} @var{speed} @var{PROG}
-@cindex AMD EB29K
-Remote PC-resident AMD EB29K board, attached over serial lines.
-@var{dev} is the serial device, as for @code{target remote};
-@var{speed} allows you to specify the linespeed; and @var{PROG} is the
-name of the program to be debugged, as it appears to DOS on the PC.
-@xref{EB29K Remote, ,The EBMON protocol for AMD29K}.
-
-@kindex target array
-@item target array @var{dev}
-Array Tech LSI33K RAID controller board.
-
-@kindex target bug
-@item target bug @var{dev}
-BUG monitor, running on a MVME187 (m88k) board.
-
-@kindex target cpu32bug
-@item target cpu32bug @var{dev}
-CPU32BUG monitor, running on a CPU32 (M68K) board.
-
-@kindex target dbug
-@item target dbug @var{dev}
-dBUG ROM monitor for Motorola ColdFire.
-
-@kindex target ddb
-@item target ddb @var{dev}
-NEC's DDB monitor for Mips Vr4300.
-
-@kindex target dink32
-@item target dink32 @var{dev}
-DINK32 ROM monitor for PowerPC.
-
-@kindex target e7000
-@item target e7000 @var{dev}
-E7000 emulator for Hitachi H8 and SH.
-
-@kindex target es1800
-@item target es1800 @var{dev}
-ES-1800 emulator for M68K.
-
-@kindex target est
-@item target est @var{dev}
-EST-300 ICE monitor, running on a CPU32 (M68K) board.
-
-@kindex target hms
-@item target hms @var{dev}
-A Hitachi SH, H8/300, or H8/500 board, attached via serial line to your host.
-@ifclear H8EXCLUSIVE
-Use special commands @code{device} and @code{speed} to control the serial
-line and the communications speed used.
-@xref{Hitachi Remote,,@value{GDBN} and Hitachi Microprocessors}.
-
-@kindex target lsi
-@item target lsi @var{dev}
-LSI ROM monitor for Mips.
-
-@kindex target m32r
-@item target m32r @var{dev}
-Mitsubishi M32R/D ROM monitor.
-
-@kindex target mips
-@item target mips @var{dev}
-IDT/SIM ROM monitor for Mips.
-
-@kindex target mon960
-@item target mon960 @var{dev}
-MON960 monitor for Intel i960.
-
-@kindex target nindy
-@item target nindy @var{devicename}
-An Intel 960 board controlled by a Nindy Monitor. @var{devicename} is
-the name of the serial device to use for the connection, e.g.
-@file{/dev/ttya}. @xref{i960-Nindy Remote, ,@value{GDBN} with a remote i960 (Nindy)}.
-
-@kindex target nrom
-@item target nrom @var{dev}
-NetROM ROM emulator. This target only supports downloading.
-
-@kindex target op50n
-@item target op50n @var{dev}
-OP50N monitor, running on an OKI HPPA board.
-
-@kindex target pmon
-@item target pmon @var{dev}
-PMON ROM monitor for Mips.
-
-@kindex target ppcbug
-@item target ppcbug @var{dev}
-@kindex target ppcbug1
-@item target ppcbug1 @var{dev}
-PPCBUG ROM monitor for PowerPC.
-
-@kindex target r3900
-@item target r3900 @var{dev}
-Densan DVE-R3900 ROM monitor for Toshiba R3900 Mips.
-
-@kindex target rdi
-@item target rdi @var{dev}
-ARM Angel monitor, via RDI library interface.
-
-@kindex target rdp
-@item target rdp @var{dev}
-ARM Demon monitor.
-
-@kindex target rom68k
-@item target rom68k @var{dev}
-ROM 68K monitor, running on an M68K IDP board.
-
-@kindex target rombug
-@item target rombug @var{dev}
-ROMBUG ROM monitor for OS/9000.
-
-@kindex target sds
-@item target sds @var{dev}
-SDS monitor, running on a PowerPC board (such as Motorola's ADS).
-
-@kindex target sparclite
-@item target sparclite @var{dev}
-Fujitsu sparclite boards, used only for the purpose of loading.
-You must use an additional command to debug the program.
-For example: target remote @var{dev} using @value{GDBN} standard
-remote protocol.
-
-@kindex target sh3
-@kindex target sh3e
-@item target sh3 @var{dev}
-@item target sh3e @var{dev}
-Hitachi SH-3 and SH-3E target systems.
-
-@kindex target st2000
-@item target st2000 @var{dev} @var{speed}
-A Tandem ST2000 phone switch, running Tandem's STDBUG protocol. @var{dev}
-is the name of the device attached to the ST2000 serial line;
-@var{speed} is the communication line speed. The arguments are not used
-if @value{GDBN} is configured to connect to the ST2000 using TCP or Telnet.
-@xref{ST2000 Remote,,@value{GDBN} with a Tandem ST2000}.
-
-@kindex target udi
-@item target udi @var{keyword}
-Remote AMD29K target, using the AMD UDI protocol. The @var{keyword}
-argument specifies which 29K board or simulator to use. @xref{UDI29K
-Remote,,The UDI protocol for AMD29K}.
-
-@kindex target vxworks
-@item target vxworks @var{machinename}
-A VxWorks system, attached via TCP/IP. The argument @var{machinename}
-is the target system's machine name or IP address.
-@xref{VxWorks Remote, ,@value{GDBN} and VxWorks}.
-
-@kindex target w89k
-@item target w89k @var{dev}
-W89K monitor, running on a Winbond HPPA board.
-
-@end ifclear
-@end table
-
-@ifset GENERIC
-Different targets are available on different configurations of @value{GDBN};
-your configuration may have more or fewer targets.
-@end ifset
-
-Many remote targets require you to download the executable's code
-once you've successfully established a connection.
-
-@table @code
-
-@kindex load @var{filename}
-@item load @var{filename}
-@ifset GENERIC
-Depending on what remote debugging facilities are configured into
-@value{GDBN}, the @code{load} command may be available. Where it exists, it
-is meant to make @var{filename} (an executable) available for debugging
-on the remote system---by downloading, or dynamic linking, for example.
-@code{load} also records the @var{filename} symbol table in @value{GDBN}, like
-the @code{add-symbol-file} command.
-
-If your @value{GDBN} does not have a @code{load} command, attempting to
-execute it gets the error message ``@code{You can't do that when your
-target is @dots{}}''
-@end ifset
-
-The file is loaded at whatever address is specified in the executable.
-For some object file formats, you can specify the load address when you
-link the program; for other formats, like a.out, the object file format
-specifies a fixed address.
-@c FIXME! This would be a good place for an xref to the GNU linker doc.
-
-@ifset VXWORKS
-On VxWorks, @code{load} links @var{filename} dynamically on the
-current target system as well as adding its symbols in @value{GDBN}.
-@end ifset
-
-@ifset I960
-@cindex download to Nindy-960
-With the Nindy interface to an Intel 960 board, @code{load}
-downloads @var{filename} to the 960 as well as adding its symbols in
-@value{GDBN}.
-@end ifset
-
-@ifset H8
-@cindex download to H8/300 or H8/500
-@cindex H8/300 or H8/500 download
-@cindex download to Hitachi SH
-@cindex Hitachi SH download
-When you select remote debugging to a Hitachi SH, H8/300, or H8/500 board
-(@pxref{Hitachi Remote,,@value{GDBN} and Hitachi Microprocessors}),
-the @code{load} command downloads your program to the Hitachi board and also
-opens it as the current executable target for @value{GDBN} on your host
-(like the @code{file} command).
-@end ifset
-
-@code{load} does not repeat if you press @key{RET} again after using it.
-@end table
-
-@ifset REMOTESTUB
-@node Byte Order, Remote, Target Commands, Targets
-@section Choosing target byte order
-@cindex choosing target byte order
-@cindex target byte order
-@kindex set endian big
-@kindex set endian little
-@kindex set endian auto
-@kindex show endian
-
-Some types of processors, such as the MIPS, PowerPC, and Hitachi SH,
-offer the ability to run either big-endian or little-endian byte
-orders. Usually the executable or symbol will include a bit to
-designate the endian-ness, and you will not need to worry about
-which to use. However, you may still find it useful to adjust
-GDB's idea of processor endian-ness manually.
-
-@table @code
-@kindex set endian big
-@item set endian big
-Instruct @value{GDBN} to assume the target is big-endian.
-
-@kindex set endian little
-@item set endian little
-Instruct @value{GDBN} to assume the target is little-endian.
-
-@kindex set endian auto
-@item set endian auto
-Instruct @value{GDBN} to use the byte order associated with the
-executable.
-
-@item show endian
-Display @value{GDBN}'s current idea of the target byte order.
-
-@end table
-
-Note that these commands merely adjust interpretation of symbolic
-data on the host, and that they have absolutely no effect on the
-target system.
-
-@node Remote, , Byte Order, Targets
-@section Remote debugging
-@cindex remote debugging
-
-If you are trying to debug a program running on a machine that cannot run
-@value{GDBN} in the usual way, it is often useful to use remote debugging.
-For example, you might use remote debugging on an operating system kernel,
-or on a small system which does not have a general purpose operating system
-powerful enough to run a full-featured debugger.
-
-Some configurations of @value{GDBN} have special serial or TCP/IP interfaces
-to make this work with particular debugging targets. In addition,
-@value{GDBN} comes with a generic serial protocol (specific to @value{GDBN},
-but not specific to any particular target system) which you can use if you
-write the remote stubs---the code that runs on the remote system to
-communicate with @value{GDBN}.
-
-Other remote targets may be available in your
-configuration of @value{GDBN}; use @code{help target} to list them.
-@end ifset
-
-@ifset GENERIC
-@c Text on starting up GDB in various specific cases; it goes up front
-@c in manuals configured for any of those particular situations, here
-@c otherwise.
-@menu
-@ifset REMOTESTUB
-* Remote Serial:: @value{GDBN} remote serial protocol
-@end ifset
-@ifset I960
-* i960-Nindy Remote:: @value{GDBN} with a remote i960 (Nindy)
-@end ifset
-@ifset AMD29K
-* UDI29K Remote:: The UDI protocol for AMD29K
-* EB29K Remote:: The EBMON protocol for AMD29K
-@end ifset
-@ifset VXWORKS
-* VxWorks Remote:: @value{GDBN} and VxWorks
-@end ifset
-@ifset ST2000
-* ST2000 Remote:: @value{GDBN} with a Tandem ST2000
-@end ifset
-@ifset H8
-* Hitachi Remote:: @value{GDBN} and Hitachi Microprocessors
-@end ifset
-@ifset MIPS
-* MIPS Remote:: @value{GDBN} and MIPS boards
-@end ifset
-@ifset SPARCLET
-* Sparclet Remote:: @value{GDBN} and Sparclet boards
-@end ifset
-@ifset SIMS
-* Simulator:: Simulated CPU target
-@end ifset
-@end menu
-
-@include remote.texi
-@end ifset
-
-@node Controlling GDB
-@chapter Controlling @value{GDBN}
-
-You can alter the way @value{GDBN} interacts with you by using
-the @code{set} command. For commands controlling how @value{GDBN} displays
-data, @pxref{Print Settings, ,Print settings}; other settings are described
-here.
-
-@menu
-* Prompt:: Prompt
-* Editing:: Command editing
-* History:: Command history
-* Screen Size:: Screen size
-* Numbers:: Numbers
-* Messages/Warnings:: Optional warnings and messages
-@end menu
-
-@node Prompt, Editing, Controlling GDB, Controlling GDB
-@section Prompt
-
-@cindex prompt
-
-@value{GDBN} indicates its readiness to read a command by printing a string
-called the @dfn{prompt}. This string is normally @samp{(@value{GDBP})}. You
-can change the prompt string with the @code{set prompt} command. For
-instance, when debugging @value{GDBN} with @value{GDBN}, it is useful to change
-the prompt in one of the @value{GDBN} sessions so that you can always tell
-which one you are talking to.
-
-@emph{Note:} @code{set prompt} no longer adds a space for you after the
-prompt you set. This allows you to set a prompt which ends in a space
-or a prompt that does not.
-
-@table @code
-@kindex set prompt
-@item set prompt @var{newprompt}
-Directs @value{GDBN} to use @var{newprompt} as its prompt string henceforth.
-
-@kindex show prompt
-@item show prompt
-Prints a line of the form: @samp{Gdb's prompt is: @var{your-prompt}}
-@end table
-
-@node Editing, History, Prompt, Controlling GDB
-@section Command editing
-@cindex readline
-@cindex command line editing
-
-@value{GDBN} reads its input commands via the @dfn{readline} interface. This
-@sc{gnu} library provides consistent behavior for programs which provide a
-command line interface to the user. Advantages are @sc{gnu} Emacs-style
-or @dfn{vi}-style inline editing of commands, @code{csh}-like history
-substitution, and a storage and recall of command history across
-debugging sessions.
-
-You may control the behavior of command line editing in @value{GDBN} with the
-command @code{set}.
-
-@table @code
-@kindex set editing
-@cindex editing
-@item set editing
-@itemx set editing on
-Enable command line editing (enabled by default).
-
-@item set editing off
-Disable command line editing.
-
-@kindex show editing
-@item show editing
-Show whether command line editing is enabled.
-@end table
-
-@node History, Screen Size, Editing, Controlling GDB
-@section Command history
-
-@value{GDBN} can keep track of the commands you type during your
-debugging sessions, so that you can be certain of precisely what
-happened. Use these commands to manage the @value{GDBN} command
-history facility.
-
-@table @code
-@cindex history substitution
-@cindex history file
-@kindex set history filename
-@kindex GDBHISTFILE
-@item set history filename @var{fname}
-Set the name of the @value{GDBN} command history file to @var{fname}.
-This is the file where @value{GDBN} reads an initial command history
-list, and where it writes the command history from this session when it
-exits. You can access this list through history expansion or through
-the history command editing characters listed below. This file defaults
-to the value of the environment variable @code{GDBHISTFILE}, or to
-@file{./.gdb_history} if this variable is not set.
-
-@cindex history save
-@kindex set history save
-@item set history save
-@itemx set history save on
-Record command history in a file, whose name may be specified with the
-@code{set history filename} command. By default, this option is disabled.
-
-@item set history save off
-Stop recording command history in a file.
-
-@cindex history size
-@kindex set history size
-@item set history size @var{size}
-Set the number of commands which @value{GDBN} keeps in its history list.
-This defaults to the value of the environment variable
-@code{HISTSIZE}, or to 256 if this variable is not set.
-@end table
-
-@cindex history expansion
-History expansion assigns special meaning to the character @kbd{!}.
-@ifset have-readline-appendices
-@xref{Event Designators}.
-@end ifset
-
-Since @kbd{!} is also the logical not operator in C, history expansion
-is off by default. If you decide to enable history expansion with the
-@code{set history expansion on} command, you may sometimes need to
-follow @kbd{!} (when it is used as logical not, in an expression) with
-a space or a tab to prevent it from being expanded. The readline
-history facilities do not attempt substitution on the strings
-@kbd{!=} and @kbd{!(}, even when history expansion is enabled.
-
-The commands to control history expansion are:
-
-@table @code
-@kindex set history expansion
-@item set history expansion on
-@itemx set history expansion
-Enable history expansion. History expansion is off by default.
-
-@item set history expansion off
-Disable history expansion.
-
-The readline code comes with more complete documentation of
-editing and history expansion features. Users unfamiliar with @sc{gnu} Emacs
-or @code{vi} may wish to read it.
-@ifset have-readline-appendices
-@xref{Command Line Editing}.
-@end ifset
-
-@c @group
-@kindex show history
-@item show history
-@itemx show history filename
-@itemx show history save
-@itemx show history size
-@itemx show history expansion
-These commands display the state of the @value{GDBN} history parameters.
-@code{show history} by itself displays all four states.
-@c @end group
-@end table
-
-@table @code
-@kindex show commands
-@item show commands
-Display the last ten commands in the command history.
-
-@item show commands @var{n}
-Print ten commands centered on command number @var{n}.
-
-@item show commands +
-Print ten commands just after the commands last printed.
-@end table
-
-@node Screen Size, Numbers, History, Controlling GDB
-@section Screen size
-@cindex size of screen
-@cindex pauses in output
-
-Certain commands to @value{GDBN} may produce large amounts of
-information output to the screen. To help you read all of it,
-@value{GDBN} pauses and asks you for input at the end of each page of
-output. Type @key{RET} when you want to continue the output, or @kbd{q}
-to discard the remaining output. Also, the screen width setting
-determines when to wrap lines of output. Depending on what is being
-printed, @value{GDBN} tries to break the line at a readable place,
-rather than simply letting it overflow onto the following line.
-
-Normally @value{GDBN} knows the size of the screen from the termcap data base
-together with the value of the @code{TERM} environment variable and the
-@code{stty rows} and @code{stty cols} settings. If this is not correct,
-you can override it with the @code{set height} and @code{set
-width} commands:
-
-@table @code
-@kindex set height
-@kindex set width
-@kindex show width
-@kindex show height
-@item set height @var{lpp}
-@itemx show height
-@itemx set width @var{cpl}
-@itemx show width
-These @code{set} commands specify a screen height of @var{lpp} lines and
-a screen width of @var{cpl} characters. The associated @code{show}
-commands display the current settings.
-
-If you specify a height of zero lines, @value{GDBN} does not pause during
-output no matter how long the output is. This is useful if output is to a
-file or to an editor buffer.
-
-Likewise, you can specify @samp{set width 0} to prevent @value{GDBN}
-from wrapping its output.
-@end table
-
-@node Numbers, Messages/Warnings, Screen Size, Controlling GDB
-@section Numbers
-@cindex number representation
-@cindex entering numbers
-
-You can always enter numbers in octal, decimal, or hexadecimal in @value{GDBN} by
-the usual conventions: octal numbers begin with @samp{0}, decimal
-numbers end with @samp{.}, and hexadecimal numbers begin with @samp{0x}.
-Numbers that begin with none of these are, by default, entered in base
-10; likewise, the default display for numbers---when no particular
-format is specified---is base 10. You can change the default base for
-both input and output with the @code{set radix} command.
-
-@table @code
-@kindex set input-radix
-@item set input-radix @var{base}
-Set the default base for numeric input. Supported choices
-for @var{base} are decimal 8, 10, or 16. @var{base} must itself be
-specified either unambiguously or using the current default radix; for
-example, any of
-
-@smallexample
-set radix 012
-set radix 10.
-set radix 0xa
-@end smallexample
-
-@noindent
-sets the base to decimal. On the other hand, @samp{set radix 10}
-leaves the radix unchanged no matter what it was.
-
-@kindex set output-radix
-@item set output-radix @var{base}
-Set the default base for numeric display. Supported choices
-for @var{base} are decimal 8, 10, or 16. @var{base} must itself be
-specified either unambiguously or using the current default radix.
-
-@kindex show input-radix
-@item show input-radix
-Display the current default base for numeric input.
-
-@kindex show output-radix
-@item show output-radix
-Display the current default base for numeric display.
-@end table
-
-@node Messages/Warnings, , Numbers, Controlling GDB
-@section Optional warnings and messages
-
-By default, @value{GDBN} is silent about its inner workings. If you are running
-on a slow machine, you may want to use the @code{set verbose} command.
-This makes @value{GDBN} tell you when it does a lengthy internal operation, so
-you will not think it has crashed.
-
-Currently, the messages controlled by @code{set verbose} are those
-which announce that the symbol table for a source file is being read;
-see @code{symbol-file} in @ref{Files, ,Commands to specify files}.
-
-@table @code
-@kindex set verbose
-@item set verbose on
-Enables @value{GDBN} output of certain informational messages.
-
-@item set verbose off
-Disables @value{GDBN} output of certain informational messages.
-
-@kindex show verbose
-@item show verbose
-Displays whether @code{set verbose} is on or off.
-@end table
-
-By default, if @value{GDBN} encounters bugs in the symbol table of an object
-file, it is silent; but if you are debugging a compiler, you may find
-this information useful (@pxref{Symbol Errors, ,Errors reading symbol files}).
-
-@table @code
-@kindex set complaints
-@item set complaints @var{limit}
-Permits @value{GDBN} to output @var{limit} complaints about each type of unusual
-symbols before becoming silent about the problem. Set @var{limit} to
-zero to suppress all complaints; set it to a large number to prevent
-complaints from being suppressed.
-
-@kindex show complaints
-@item show complaints
-Displays how many symbol complaints @value{GDBN} is permitted to produce.
-@end table
-
-By default, @value{GDBN} is cautious, and asks what sometimes seems to be a
-lot of stupid questions to confirm certain commands. For example, if
-you try to run a program which is already running:
-
-@example
-(@value{GDBP}) run
-The program being debugged has been started already.
-Start it from the beginning? (y or n)
-@end example
-
-If you are willing to unflinchingly face the consequences of your own
-commands, you can disable this ``feature'':
-
-@table @code
-@kindex set confirm
-@cindex flinching
-@cindex confirmation
-@cindex stupid questions
-@item set confirm off
-Disables confirmation requests.
-
-@item set confirm on
-Enables confirmation requests (the default).
-
-@kindex show confirm
-@item show confirm
-Displays state of confirmation requests.
-@end table
-
-@node Sequences, Emacs, Controlling GDB, Top
-@chapter Canned Sequences of Commands
-
-Aside from breakpoint commands (@pxref{Break Commands, ,Breakpoint
-command lists}), @value{GDBN} provides two ways to store sequences of commands
-for execution as a unit: user-defined commands and command files.
-
-@menu
-* Define:: User-defined commands
-* Hooks:: User-defined command hooks
-* Command Files:: Command files
-* Output:: Commands for controlled output
-@end menu
-
-@node Define, Hooks, Sequences, Sequences
-@section User-defined commands
-
-@cindex user-defined command
-A @dfn{user-defined command} is a sequence of @value{GDBN} commands to which
-you assign a new name as a command. This is done with the @code{define}
-command. User commands may accept up to 10 arguments separated by whitespace.
-Arguments are accessed within the user command via @var{$arg0@dots{}$arg9}.
-A trivial example:
-
-@smallexample
-define adder
- print $arg0 + $arg1 + $arg2
-@end smallexample
-
-@noindent To execute the command use:
-
-@smallexample
-adder 1 2 3
-@end smallexample
-
-@noindent This defines the command @code{adder}, which prints the sum of
-its three arguments. Note the arguments are text substitutions, so they may
-reference variables, use complex expressions, or even perform inferior
-functions calls.
-
-@table @code
-@kindex define
-@item define @var{commandname}
-Define a command named @var{commandname}. If there is already a command
-by that name, you are asked to confirm that you want to redefine it.
-
-The definition of the command is made up of other @value{GDBN} command lines,
-which are given following the @code{define} command. The end of these
-commands is marked by a line containing @code{end}.
-
-@kindex if
-@kindex else
-@item if
-Takes a single argument, which is an expression to evaluate.
-It is followed by a series of commands that are executed
-only if the expression is true (nonzero).
-There can then optionally be a line @code{else}, followed
-by a series of commands that are only executed if the expression
-was false. The end of the list is marked by a line containing @code{end}.
-
-@kindex while
-@item while
-The syntax is similar to @code{if}: the command takes a single argument,
-which is an expression to evaluate, and must be followed by the commands to
-execute, one per line, terminated by an @code{end}.
-The commands are executed repeatedly as long as the expression
-evaluates to true.
-
-@kindex document
-@item document @var{commandname}
-Document the user-defined command @var{commandname}, so that it can be
-accessed by @code{help}. The command @var{commandname} must already be
-defined. This command reads lines of documentation just as @code{define}
-reads the lines of the command definition, ending with @code{end}.
-After the @code{document} command is finished, @code{help} on command
-@var{commandname} displays the documentation you have written.
-
-You may use the @code{document} command again to change the
-documentation of a command. Redefining the command with @code{define}
-does not change the documentation.
-
-@kindex help user-defined
-@item help user-defined
-List all user-defined commands, with the first line of the documentation
-(if any) for each.
-
-@kindex show user
-@item show user
-@itemx show user @var{commandname}
-Display the @value{GDBN} commands used to define @var{commandname} (but not its
-documentation). If no @var{commandname} is given, display the
-definitions for all user-defined commands.
-@end table
-
-When user-defined commands are executed, the
-commands of the definition are not printed. An error in any command
-stops execution of the user-defined command.
-
-If used interactively, commands that would ask for confirmation proceed
-without asking when used inside a user-defined command. Many @value{GDBN}
-commands that normally print messages to say what they are doing omit the
-messages when used in a user-defined command.
-
-@node Hooks, Command Files, Define, Sequences
-@section User-defined command hooks
-@cindex command files
-
-You may define @emph{hooks}, which are a special kind of user-defined
-command. Whenever you run the command @samp{foo}, if the user-defined
-command @samp{hook-foo} exists, it is executed (with no arguments)
-before that command.
-
-In addition, a pseudo-command, @samp{stop} exists. Defining
-(@samp{hook-stop}) makes the associated commands execute every time
-execution stops in your program: before breakpoint commands are run,
-displays are printed, or the stack frame is printed.
-
-@ifclear BARETARGET
-For example, to ignore @code{SIGALRM} signals while
-single-stepping, but treat them normally during normal execution,
-you could define:
-
-@example
-define hook-stop
-handle SIGALRM nopass
-end
-
-define hook-run
-handle SIGALRM pass
-end
-
-define hook-continue
-handle SIGLARM pass
-end
-@end example
-@end ifclear
-
-You can define a hook for any single-word command in @value{GDBN}, but
-not for command aliases; you should define a hook for the basic command
-name, e.g. @code{backtrace} rather than @code{bt}.
-@c FIXME! So how does Joe User discover whether a command is an alias
-@c or not?
-If an error occurs during the execution of your hook, execution of
-@value{GDBN} commands stops and @value{GDBN} issues a prompt
-(before the command that you actually typed had a chance to run).
-
-If you try to define a hook which does not match any known command, you
-get a warning from the @code{define} command.
-
-@node Command Files, Output, Hooks, Sequences
-@section Command files
-
-@cindex command files
-A command file for @value{GDBN} is a file of lines that are @value{GDBN}
-commands. Comments (lines starting with @kbd{#}) may also be included.
-An empty line in a command file does nothing; it does not mean to repeat
-the last command, as it would from the terminal.
-
-@cindex init file
-@cindex @file{.gdbinit}
-When you start @value{GDBN}, it automatically executes commands from its
-@dfn{init files}. These are files named @file{.gdbinit} on Unix, or
-@file{gdb.ini} on DOS/Windows. @value{GDBN} reads the init file (if
-any) in your home directory, then processes command line options and
-operands, and then reads the init file (if any) in the current working
-directory. This is so the init file in your home directory can set
-options (such as @code{set complaints}) which affect the processing of
-the command line options and operands. The init files are not executed
-if you use the @samp{-nx} option; @pxref{Mode Options, ,Choosing modes}.
-
-@ifset GENERIC
-@cindex init file name
-On some configurations of @value{GDBN}, the init file is known by a
-different name (these are typically environments where a specialized
-form of @value{GDBN} may need to coexist with other forms, hence a
-different name for the specialized version's init file). These are the
-environments with special init file names:
-
-@kindex .vxgdbinit
-@itemize @bullet
-@item
-VxWorks (Wind River Systems real-time OS): @samp{.vxgdbinit}
-
-@kindex .os68gdbinit
-@item
-OS68K (Enea Data Systems real-time OS): @samp{.os68gdbinit}
-
-@kindex .esgdbinit
-@item
-ES-1800 (Ericsson Telecom AB M68000 emulator): @samp{.esgdbinit}
-@end itemize
-@end ifset
-
-You can also request the execution of a command file with the
-@code{source} command:
-
-@table @code
-@kindex source
-@item source @var{filename}
-Execute the command file @var{filename}.
-@end table
-
-The lines in a command file are executed sequentially. They are not
-printed as they are executed. An error in any command terminates execution
-of the command file.
-
-Commands that would ask for confirmation if used interactively proceed
-without asking when used in a command file. Many @value{GDBN} commands that
-normally print messages to say what they are doing omit the messages
-when called from command files.
-
-@node Output, , Command Files, Sequences
-@section Commands for controlled output
-
-During the execution of a command file or a user-defined command, normal
-@value{GDBN} output is suppressed; the only output that appears is what is
-explicitly printed by the commands in the definition. This section
-describes three commands useful for generating exactly the output you
-want.
-
-@table @code
-@kindex echo
-@item echo @var{text}
-@c I do not consider backslash-space a standard C escape sequence
-@c because it is not in ANSI.
-Print @var{text}. Nonprinting characters can be included in
-@var{text} using C escape sequences, such as @samp{\n} to print a
-newline. @strong{No newline is printed unless you specify one.}
-In addition to the standard C escape sequences, a backslash followed
-by a space stands for a space. This is useful for displaying a
-string with spaces at the beginning or the end, since leading and
-trailing spaces are otherwise trimmed from all arguments.
-To print @samp{@w{ }and foo =@w{ }}, use the command
-@samp{echo \@w{ }and foo = \@w{ }}.
-
-A backslash at the end of @var{text} can be used, as in C, to continue
-the command onto subsequent lines. For example,
-
-@example
-echo This is some text\n\
-which is continued\n\
-onto several lines.\n
-@end example
-
-produces the same output as
-
-@example
-echo This is some text\n
-echo which is continued\n
-echo onto several lines.\n
-@end example
-
-@kindex output
-@item output @var{expression}
-Print the value of @var{expression} and nothing but that value: no
-newlines, no @samp{$@var{nn} = }. The value is not entered in the
-value history either. @xref{Expressions, ,Expressions}, for more information
-on expressions.
-
-@item output/@var{fmt} @var{expression}
-Print the value of @var{expression} in format @var{fmt}. You can use
-the same formats as for @code{print}. @xref{Output Formats,,Output
-formats}, for more information.
-
-@kindex printf
-@item printf @var{string}, @var{expressions}@dots{}
-Print the values of the @var{expressions} under the control of
-@var{string}. The @var{expressions} are separated by commas and may be
-either numbers or pointers. Their values are printed as specified by
-@var{string}, exactly as if your program were to execute the C
-subroutine
-
-@example
-printf (@var{string}, @var{expressions}@dots{});
-@end example
-
-For example, you can print two values in hex like this:
-
-@smallexample
-printf "foo, bar-foo = 0x%x, 0x%x\n", foo, bar-foo
-@end smallexample
-
-The only backslash-escape sequences that you can use in the format
-string are the simple ones that consist of backslash followed by a
-letter.
-@end table
-
-@ifclear DOSHOST
-@node Emacs, GDB Bugs, Sequences, Top
-@chapter Using @value{GDBN} under @sc{gnu} Emacs
-
-@cindex Emacs
-@cindex @sc{gnu} Emacs
-A special interface allows you to use @sc{gnu} Emacs to view (and
-edit) the source files for the program you are debugging with
-@value{GDBN}.
-
-To use this interface, use the command @kbd{M-x gdb} in Emacs. Give the
-executable file you want to debug as an argument. This command starts
-@value{GDBN} as a subprocess of Emacs, with input and output through a newly
-created Emacs buffer.
-@ifset HPPA
-(Do not use the @code{-tui} option to run @value{GDBN} from Emacs.)
-@end ifset
-
-Using @value{GDBN} under Emacs is just like using @value{GDBN} normally except for two
-things:
-
-@itemize @bullet
-@item
-All ``terminal'' input and output goes through the Emacs buffer.
-@end itemize
-
-This applies both to @value{GDBN} commands and their output, and to the input
-and output done by the program you are debugging.
-
-This is useful because it means that you can copy the text of previous
-commands and input them again; you can even use parts of the output
-in this way.
-
-All the facilities of Emacs' Shell mode are available for interacting
-with your program. In particular, you can send signals the usual
-way---for example, @kbd{C-c C-c} for an interrupt, @kbd{C-c C-z} for a
-stop.
-
-@itemize @bullet
-@item
-@value{GDBN} displays source code through Emacs.
-@end itemize
-
-Each time @value{GDBN} displays a stack frame, Emacs automatically finds the
-source file for that frame and puts an arrow (@samp{=>}) at the
-left margin of the current line. Emacs uses a separate buffer for
-source display, and splits the screen to show both your @value{GDBN} session
-and the source.
-
-Explicit @value{GDBN} @code{list} or search commands still produce output as
-usual, but you probably have no reason to use them from Emacs.
-
-@quotation
-@emph{Warning:} If the directory where your program resides is not your
-current directory, it can be easy to confuse Emacs about the location of
-the source files, in which case the auxiliary display buffer does not
-appear to show your source. @value{GDBN} can find programs by searching your
-environment's @code{PATH} variable, so the @value{GDBN} input and output
-session proceeds normally; but Emacs does not get enough information
-back from @value{GDBN} to locate the source files in this situation. To
-avoid this problem, either start @value{GDBN} mode from the directory where
-your program resides, or specify an absolute file name when prompted for the
-@kbd{M-x gdb} argument.
-
-A similar confusion can result if you use the @value{GDBN} @code{file} command to
-switch to debugging a program in some other location, from an existing
-@value{GDBN} buffer in Emacs.
-@end quotation
-
-By default, @kbd{M-x gdb} calls the program called @file{gdb}. If
-you need to call @value{GDBN} by a different name (for example, if you keep
-several configurations around, with different names) you can set the
-Emacs variable @code{gdb-command-name}; for example,
-
-@example
-(setq gdb-command-name "mygdb")
-@end example
-
-@noindent
-(preceded by @kbd{ESC ESC}, or typed in the @code{*scratch*} buffer, or
-in your @file{.emacs} file) makes Emacs call the program named
-``@code{mygdb}'' instead.
-
-In the @value{GDBN} I/O buffer, you can use these special Emacs commands in
-addition to the standard Shell mode commands:
-
-@table @kbd
-@item C-h m
-Describe the features of Emacs' @value{GDBN} Mode.
-
-@item M-s
-Execute to another source line, like the @value{GDBN} @code{step} command; also
-update the display window to show the current file and location.
-
-@item M-n
-Execute to next source line in this function, skipping all function
-calls, like the @value{GDBN} @code{next} command. Then update the display window
-to show the current file and location.
-
-@item M-i
-Execute one instruction, like the @value{GDBN} @code{stepi} command; update
-display window accordingly.
-
-@item M-x gdb-nexti
-Execute to next instruction, using the @value{GDBN} @code{nexti} command; update
-display window accordingly.
-
-@item C-c C-f
-Execute until exit from the selected stack frame, like the @value{GDBN}
-@code{finish} command.
-
-@item M-c
-Continue execution of your program, like the @value{GDBN} @code{continue}
-command.
-
-@emph{Warning:} In Emacs v19, this command is @kbd{C-c C-p}.
-
-@item M-u
-Go up the number of frames indicated by the numeric argument
-(@pxref{Arguments, , Numeric Arguments, Emacs, The @sc{gnu} Emacs Manual}),
-like the @value{GDBN} @code{up} command.
-
-@emph{Warning:} In Emacs v19, this command is @kbd{C-c C-u}.
-
-@item M-d
-Go down the number of frames indicated by the numeric argument, like the
-@value{GDBN} @code{down} command.
-
-@emph{Warning:} In Emacs v19, this command is @kbd{C-c C-d}.
-
-@item C-x &
-Read the number where the cursor is positioned, and insert it at the end
-of the @value{GDBN} I/O buffer. For example, if you wish to disassemble code
-around an address that was displayed earlier, type @kbd{disassemble};
-then move the cursor to the address display, and pick up the
-argument for @code{disassemble} by typing @kbd{C-x &}.
-
-You can customize this further by defining elements of the list
-@code{gdb-print-command}; once it is defined, you can format or
-otherwise process numbers picked up by @kbd{C-x &} before they are
-inserted. A numeric argument to @kbd{C-x &} indicates that you
-wish special formatting, and also acts as an index to pick an element of the
-list. If the list element is a string, the number to be inserted is
-formatted using the Emacs function @code{format}; otherwise the number
-is passed as an argument to the corresponding list element.
-@end table
-
-In any source file, the Emacs command @kbd{C-x SPC} (@code{gdb-break})
-tells @value{GDBN} to set a breakpoint on the source line point is on.
-
-If you accidentally delete the source-display buffer, an easy way to get
-it back is to type the command @code{f} in the @value{GDBN} buffer, to
-request a frame display; when you run under Emacs, this recreates
-the source buffer if necessary to show you the context of the current
-frame.
-
-The source files displayed in Emacs are in ordinary Emacs buffers
-which are visiting the source files in the usual way. You can edit
-the files with these buffers if you wish; but keep in mind that @value{GDBN}
-communicates with Emacs in terms of line numbers. If you add or
-delete lines from the text, the line numbers that @value{GDBN} knows cease
-to correspond properly with the code.
-
-@c The following dropped because Epoch is nonstandard. Reactivate
-@c if/when v19 does something similar. ---doc@cygnus.com 19dec1990
-@ignore
-@kindex Emacs Epoch environment
-@kindex Epoch
-@kindex inspect
-
-Version 18 of @sc{gnu} Emacs has a built-in window system
-called the @code{epoch}
-environment. Users of this environment can use a new command,
-@code{inspect} which performs identically to @code{print} except that
-each value is printed in its own window.
-@end ignore
-@end ifclear
-
-@node GDB Bugs
-@c links whacked to pacify makeinfo
-@c , Command Line Editing, Emacs, Top
-@chapter Reporting Bugs in @value{GDBN}
-@cindex bugs in @value{GDBN}
-@cindex reporting bugs in @value{GDBN}
-
-Your bug reports play an essential role in making @value{GDBN} reliable.
-
-Reporting a bug may help you by bringing a solution to your problem, or it
-may not. But in any case the principal function of a bug report is to help
-the entire community by making the next version of @value{GDBN} work better. Bug
-reports are your contribution to the maintenance of @value{GDBN}.
-
-In order for a bug report to serve its purpose, you must include the
-information that enables us to fix the bug.
-
-@menu
-* Bug Criteria:: Have you found a bug?
-* Bug Reporting:: How to report bugs
-@end menu
-
-@node Bug Criteria, Bug Reporting, GDB Bugs, GDB Bugs
-@section Have you found a bug?
-@cindex bug criteria
-
-If you are not sure whether you have found a bug, here are some guidelines:
-
-@itemize @bullet
-@cindex fatal signal
-@cindex debugger crash
-@cindex crash of debugger
-@item
-If the debugger gets a fatal signal, for any input whatever, that is a
-@value{GDBN} bug. Reliable debuggers never crash.
-
-@cindex error on valid input
-@item
-If @value{GDBN} produces an error message for valid input, that is a
-bug. (Note that if you're cross debugging, the problem may also be
-somewhere in the connection to the target.)
-
-@cindex invalid input
-@item
-If @value{GDBN} does not produce an error message for invalid input,
-that is a bug. However, you should note that your idea of
-``invalid input'' might be our idea of ``an extension'' or ``support
-for traditional practice''.
-
-@item
-If you are an experienced user of debugging tools, your suggestions
-for improvement of @value{GDBN} are welcome in any case.
-@end itemize
-
-@node Bug Reporting, , Bug Criteria, GDB Bugs
-@section How to report bugs
-@cindex bug reports
-@cindex @value{GDBN} bugs, reporting
-
-@ifclear HPPA
-A number of companies and individuals offer support for @sc{gnu} products.
-If you obtained @value{GDBN} from a support organization, we recommend you
-contact that organization first.
-
-You can find contact information for many support companies and
-individuals in the file @file{etc/SERVICE} in the @sc{gnu} Emacs
-distribution.
-@c should add a web page ref...
-
-In any event, we also recommend that you send bug reports for
-@value{GDBN} to this addresses:
-
-@example
-bug-gdb@@prep.ai.mit.edu
-@end example
-
-@strong{Do not send bug reports to @samp{info-gdb}, or to
-@samp{help-gdb}, or to any newsgroups.} Most users of @value{GDBN} do
-not want to receive bug reports. Those that do have arranged to receive
-@samp{bug-gdb}.
-
-The mailing list @samp{bug-gdb} has a newsgroup @samp{gnu.gdb.bug} which
-serves as a repeater. The mailing list and the newsgroup carry exactly
-the same messages. Often people think of posting bug reports to the
-newsgroup instead of mailing them. This appears to work, but it has one
-problem which can be crucial: a newsgroup posting often lacks a mail
-path back to the sender. Thus, if we need to ask for more information,
-we may be unable to reach you. For this reason, it is better to send
-bug reports to the mailing list.
-
-As a last resort, send bug reports on paper to:
-
-@example
-@sc{gnu} Debugger Bugs
-Free Software Foundation Inc.
-59 Temple Place - Suite 330
-Boston, MA 02111-1307
-USA
-@end example
-@end ifclear
-
-@ifset HPPA
-If you obtained HP GDB as part of your HP ANSI C or HP ANSI C++ compiler
-kit, report problems to your HP Support Representative.
-
-If you obtained HP GDB from the Hewlett-Packard Web site, report
-problems by electronic mail to @code{wdb-www@@ch.hp.com}.
-@end ifset
-
-The fundamental principle of reporting bugs usefully is this:
-@strong{report all the facts}. If you are not sure whether to state a
-fact or leave it out, state it!
-
-Often people omit facts because they think they know what causes the
-problem and assume that some details do not matter. Thus, you might
-assume that the name of the variable you use in an example does not matter.
-Well, probably it does not, but one cannot be sure. Perhaps the bug is a
-stray memory reference which happens to fetch from the location where that
-name is stored in memory; perhaps, if the name were different, the contents
-of that location would fool the debugger into doing the right thing despite
-the bug. Play it safe and give a specific, complete example. That is the
-easiest thing for you to do, and the most helpful.
-
-Keep in mind that the purpose of a bug report is to enable us to fix the
-bug. It may be that the bug has been reported previously, but neither
-you nor we can know that unless your bug report is complete and
-self-contained.
-
-Sometimes people give a few sketchy facts and ask, ``Does this ring a
-bell?'' Those bug reports are useless, and we urge everyone to
-@emph{refuse to respond to them} except to chide the sender to report
-bugs properly.
-
-To enable us to fix the bug, you should include all these things:
-
-@itemize @bullet
-@item
-The version of @value{GDBN}. @value{GDBN} announces it if you start
-with no arguments; you can also print it at any time using @code{show
-version}.
-
-Without this, we will not know whether there is any point in looking for
-the bug in the current version of @value{GDBN}.
-
-@item
-The type of machine you are using, and the operating system name and
-version number.
-
-@ifclear HPPA
-@item
-What compiler (and its version) was used to compile @value{GDBN}---e.g.
-``@value{GCC}--2.8.1''.
-@end ifclear
-
-@item
-What compiler (and its version) was used to compile the program you are
-debugging---e.g. ``@value{GCC}--2.8.1'', or ``HP92453-01 A.10.32.03 HP
-C Compiler''. For GCC, you can say @code{gcc --version} to get this
-information; for other compilers, see the documentation for those
-compilers.
-
-@item
-The command arguments you gave the compiler to compile your example and
-observe the bug. For example, did you use @samp{-O}? To guarantee
-you will not omit something important, list them all. A copy of the
-Makefile (or the output from make) is sufficient.
-
-If we were to try to guess the arguments, we would probably guess wrong
-and then we might not encounter the bug.
-
-@item
-A complete input script, and all necessary source files, that will
-reproduce the bug.
-
-@item
-A description of what behavior you observe that you believe is
-incorrect. For example, ``It gets a fatal signal.''
-
-Of course, if the bug is that @value{GDBN} gets a fatal signal, then we
-will certainly notice it. But if the bug is incorrect output, we might
-not notice unless it is glaringly wrong. You might as well not give us
-a chance to make a mistake.
-
-Even if the problem you experience is a fatal signal, you should still
-say so explicitly. Suppose something strange is going on, such as, your
-copy of @value{GDBN} is out of synch, or you have encountered a bug in
-the C library on your system. (This has happened!) Your copy might
-crash and ours would not. If you told us to expect a crash, then when
-ours fails to crash, we would know that the bug was not happening for
-us. If you had not told us to expect a crash, then we would not be able
-to draw any conclusion from our observations.
-
-@ifclear HPPA
-@item
-If you wish to suggest changes to the @value{GDBN} source, send us context
-diffs. If you even discuss something in the @value{GDBN} source, refer to
-it by context, not by line number.
-
-The line numbers in our development sources will not match those in your
-sources. Your line numbers would convey no useful information to us.
-@end ifclear
-@end itemize
-
-Here are some things that are not necessary:
-
-@itemize @bullet
-@item
-A description of the envelope of the bug.
-
-Often people who encounter a bug spend a lot of time investigating
-which changes to the input file will make the bug go away and which
-changes will not affect it.
-
-This is often time consuming and not very useful, because the way we
-will find the bug is by running a single example under the debugger
-with breakpoints, not by pure deduction from a series of examples.
-We recommend that you save your time for something else.
-
-Of course, if you can find a simpler example to report @emph{instead}
-of the original one, that is a convenience for us. Errors in the
-output will be easier to spot, running under the debugger will take
-less time, and so on.
-
-However, simplification is not vital; if you do not want to do this,
-report the bug anyway and send us the entire test case you used.
-
-@item
-A patch for the bug.
-
-A patch for the bug does help us if it is a good one. But do not omit
-the necessary information, such as the test case, on the assumption that
-a patch is all we need. We might see problems with your patch and decide
-to fix the problem another way, or we might not understand it at all.
-
-Sometimes with a program as complicated as @value{GDBN} it is very hard to
-construct an example that will make the program follow a certain path
-through the code. If you do not send us the example, we will not be able
-to construct one, so we will not be able to verify that the bug is fixed.
-
-And if we cannot understand what bug you are trying to fix, or why your
-patch should be an improvement, we will not install it. A test case will
-help us to understand.
-
-@item
-A guess about what the bug is or what it depends on.
-
-Such guesses are usually wrong. Even we cannot guess right about such
-things without first using the debugger to find the facts.
-@end itemize
-
-@c The readline documentation is distributed with the readline code
-@c and consists of the two following files:
-@c rluser.texinfo
-@c inc-hist.texi
-@c Use -I with makeinfo to point to the appropriate directory,
-@c environment var TEXINPUTS with TeX.
-@include rluser.texinfo
-@include inc-hist.texi
-
-
-@ifclear PRECONFIGURED
-@ifclear HPPA
-@node Formatting Documentation
-@c links whacked to pacify makeinfo
-@c , Installing GDB, Renamed Commands, Top
-@appendix Formatting Documentation
-
-@cindex @value{GDBN} reference card
-@cindex reference card
-The @value{GDBN} 4 release includes an already-formatted reference card, ready
-for printing with PostScript or Ghostscript, in the @file{gdb}
-subdirectory of the main source directory@footnote{In
-@file{gdb-@value{GDBVN}/gdb/refcard.ps} of the version @value{GDBVN}
-release.}. If you can use PostScript or Ghostscript with your printer,
-you can print the reference card immediately with @file{refcard.ps}.
-
-The release also includes the source for the reference card. You
-can format it, using @TeX{}, by typing:
-
-@example
-make refcard.dvi
-@end example
-
-The @value{GDBN} reference card is designed to print in @dfn{landscape}
-mode on US ``letter'' size paper;
-that is, on a sheet 11 inches wide by 8.5 inches
-high. You will need to specify this form of printing as an option to
-your @sc{dvi} output program.
-
-@cindex documentation
-
-All the documentation for @value{GDBN} comes as part of the machine-readable
-distribution. The documentation is written in Texinfo format, which is
-a documentation system that uses a single source file to produce both
-on-line information and a printed manual. You can use one of the Info
-formatting commands to create the on-line version of the documentation
-and @TeX{} (or @code{texi2roff}) to typeset the printed version.
-
-@value{GDBN} includes an already formatted copy of the on-line Info
-version of this manual in the @file{gdb} subdirectory. The main Info
-file is @file{gdb-@value{GDBVN}/gdb/gdb.info}, and it refers to
-subordinate files matching @samp{gdb.info*} in the same directory. If
-necessary, you can print out these files, or read them with any editor;
-but they are easier to read using the @code{info} subsystem in @sc{gnu}
-Emacs or the standalone @code{info} program, available as part of the
-@sc{gnu} Texinfo distribution.
-
-If you want to format these Info files yourself, you need one of the
-Info formatting programs, such as @code{texinfo-format-buffer} or
-@code{makeinfo}.
-
-If you have @code{makeinfo} installed, and are in the top level
-@value{GDBN} source directory (@file{gdb-@value{GDBVN}}, in the case of
-version @value{GDBVN}), you can make the Info file by typing:
-
-@example
-cd gdb
-make gdb.info
-@end example
-
-If you want to typeset and print copies of this manual, you need @TeX{},
-a program to print its @sc{dvi} output files, and @file{texinfo.tex}, the
-Texinfo definitions file.
-
-@TeX{} is a typesetting program; it does not print files directly, but
-produces output files called @sc{dvi} files. To print a typeset
-document, you need a program to print @sc{dvi} files. If your system
-has @TeX{} installed, chances are it has such a program. The precise
-command to use depends on your system; @kbd{lpr -d} is common; another
-(for PostScript devices) is @kbd{dvips}. The @sc{dvi} print command may
-require a file name without any extension or a @samp{.dvi} extension.
-
-@TeX{} also requires a macro definitions file called
-@file{texinfo.tex}. This file tells @TeX{} how to typeset a document
-written in Texinfo format. On its own, @TeX{} cannot either read or
-typeset a Texinfo file. @file{texinfo.tex} is distributed with GDB
-and is located in the @file{gdb-@var{version-number}/texinfo}
-directory.
-
-If you have @TeX{} and a @sc{dvi} printer program installed, you can
-typeset and print this manual. First switch to the the @file{gdb}
-subdirectory of the main source directory (for example, to
-@file{gdb-@value{GDBVN}/gdb}) and type:
-
-@example
-make gdb.dvi
-@end example
-
-Then give @file{gdb.dvi} to your @sc{dvi} printing program.
-@end ifclear
-
-@node Installing GDB, Index, Using History Interactively, Top
-@appendix Installing @value{GDBN}
-@cindex configuring @value{GDBN}
-@cindex installation
-
-@ifset HPPA
-If you obtain @value{GDBN} (HP WDB 0.75) as part of your HP ANSI C or
-HP ANSI C++ Developer's Kit at HP-UX Release 11.0, you do not have to
-take any special action to build or install @value{GDBN}.
-
-If you obtain @value{GDBN} (HP WDB 0.75) from an HP web site, you may
-download either a @code{swinstall}-able package or a source tree, or
-both.
-
-Most customers will want to install the @value{GDBN} binary that is part
-of the @code{swinstall}-able package. To do so, use a command of the
-form
-
-@smallexample
-/usr/sbin/swinstall -s @var{package-name} WDB
-@end smallexample
-
-Alternatively, it is possible to build @value{GDBN} from the source
-distribution. Sophisticated customers who want to modify the debugger
-sources to tailor @value{GDBN} to their their needs may wish to do this.
-The source distribution consists of a @code{tar}'ed source tree rooted
-at @file{gdb-4.16/...}. The instructions that follow describe how to
-build a @file{gdb} executable from this source tree. HP believes that
-these instructions apply to the WDB source tree that it distributes.
-However, HP does not explicitly support building a @file{gdb} for any
-non-HP platform from the WDB source tree. It may work, but HP has not
-tested it for any platforms other than those described in the WDB 0.75
-Release Notes.
-@end ifset
-
-@value{GDBN} comes with a @code{configure} script that automates the process
-of preparing @value{GDBN} for installation; you can then use @code{make} to
-build the @code{gdb} program.
-@iftex
-@c irrelevant in info file; it's as current as the code it lives with.
-@footnote{If you have a more recent version of @value{GDBN} than @value{GDBVN},
-look at the @file{README} file in the sources; we may have improved the
-installation procedures since publishing this manual.}
-@end iftex
-
-The @value{GDBN} distribution includes all the source code you need for
-@value{GDBN} in a single directory, whose name is usually composed by
-appending the version number to @samp{gdb}.
-
-For example, the @value{GDBN} version @value{GDBVN} distribution is in the
-@file{gdb-@value{GDBVN}} directory. That directory contains:
-
-@table @code
-@item gdb-@value{GDBVN}/configure @r{(and supporting files)}
-script for configuring @value{GDBN} and all its supporting libraries
-
-@item gdb-@value{GDBVN}/gdb
-the source specific to @value{GDBN} itself
-
-@item gdb-@value{GDBVN}/bfd
-source for the Binary File Descriptor library
-
-@item gdb-@value{GDBVN}/include
-@sc{gnu} include files
-
-@item gdb-@value{GDBVN}/libiberty
-source for the @samp{-liberty} free software library
-
-@item gdb-@value{GDBVN}/opcodes
-source for the library of opcode tables and disassemblers
-
-@item gdb-@value{GDBVN}/readline
-source for the @sc{gnu} command-line interface
-
-@item gdb-@value{GDBVN}/glob
-source for the @sc{gnu} filename pattern-matching subroutine
-
-@item gdb-@value{GDBVN}/mmalloc
-source for the @sc{gnu} memory-mapped malloc package
-@end table
-
-The simplest way to configure and build @value{GDBN} is to run @code{configure}
-from the @file{gdb-@var{version-number}} source directory, which in
-this example is the @file{gdb-@value{GDBVN}} directory.
-
-First switch to the @file{gdb-@var{version-number}} source directory
-if you are not already in it; then run @code{configure}. Pass the
-identifier for the platform on which @value{GDBN} will run as an
-argument.
-
-For example:
-
-@example
-cd gdb-@value{GDBVN}
-./configure @var{host}
-make
-@end example
-
-@noindent
-where @var{host} is an identifier such as @samp{sun4} or
-@samp{decstation}, that identifies the platform where @value{GDBN} will run.
-(You can often leave off @var{host}; @code{configure} tries to guess the
-correct value by examining your system.)
-
-Running @samp{configure @var{host}} and then running @code{make} builds the
-@file{bfd}, @file{readline}, @file{mmalloc}, and @file{libiberty}
-libraries, then @code{gdb} itself. The configured source files, and the
-binaries, are left in the corresponding source directories.
-
-@need 750
-@code{configure} is a Bourne-shell (@code{/bin/sh}) script; if your
-system does not recognize this automatically when you run a different
-shell, you may need to run @code{sh} on it explicitly:
-
-@example
-sh configure @var{host}
-@end example
-
-If you run @code{configure} from a directory that contains source
-directories for multiple libraries or programs, such as the
-@file{gdb-@value{GDBVN}} source directory for version @value{GDBVN}, @code{configure}
-creates configuration files for every directory level underneath (unless
-you tell it not to, with the @samp{--norecursion} option).
-
-You can run the @code{configure} script from any of the
-subordinate directories in the @value{GDBN} distribution if you only want to
-configure that subdirectory, but be sure to specify a path to it.
-
-For example, with version @value{GDBVN}, type the following to configure only
-the @code{bfd} subdirectory:
-
-@example
-@group
-cd gdb-@value{GDBVN}/bfd
-../configure @var{host}
-@end group
-@end example
-
-You can install @code{@value{GDBP}} anywhere; it has no hardwired paths.
-However, you should make sure that the shell on your path (named by
-the @samp{SHELL} environment variable) is publicly readable. Remember
-that @value{GDBN} uses the shell to start your program---some systems refuse to
-let @value{GDBN} debug child processes whose programs are not readable.
-
-@menu
-* Separate Objdir:: Compiling @value{GDBN} in another directory
-* Config Names:: Specifying names for hosts and targets
-* Configure Options:: Summary of options for configure
-@end menu
-
-@node Separate Objdir, Config Names, Installing GDB, Installing GDB
-@section Compiling @value{GDBN} in another directory
-
-If you want to run @value{GDBN} versions for several host or target machines,
-you need a different @code{gdb} compiled for each combination of
-host and target. @code{configure} is designed to make this easy by
-allowing you to generate each configuration in a separate subdirectory,
-rather than in the source directory. If your @code{make} program
-handles the @samp{VPATH} feature (@sc{gnu} @code{make} does), running
-@code{make} in each of these directories builds the @code{gdb}
-program specified there.
-
-To build @code{gdb} in a separate directory, run @code{configure}
-with the @samp{--srcdir} option to specify where to find the source.
-(You also need to specify a path to find @code{configure}
-itself from your working directory. If the path to @code{configure}
-would be the same as the argument to @samp{--srcdir}, you can leave out
-the @samp{--srcdir} option; it is assumed.)
-
-For example, with version @value{GDBVN}, you can build @value{GDBN} in a
-separate directory for a Sun 4 like this:
-
-@example
-@group
-cd gdb-@value{GDBVN}
-mkdir ../gdb-sun4
-cd ../gdb-sun4
-../gdb-@value{GDBVN}/configure sun4
-make
-@end group
-@end example
-
-When @code{configure} builds a configuration using a remote source
-directory, it creates a tree for the binaries with the same structure
-(and using the same names) as the tree under the source directory. In
-the example, you'd find the Sun 4 library @file{libiberty.a} in the
-directory @file{gdb-sun4/libiberty}, and @value{GDBN} itself in
-@file{gdb-sun4/gdb}.
-
-One popular reason to build several @value{GDBN} configurations in separate
-directories is to configure @value{GDBN} for cross-compiling (where
-@value{GDBN} runs on one machine---the @dfn{host}---while debugging
-programs that run on another machine---the @dfn{target}).
-You specify a cross-debugging target by
-giving the @samp{--target=@var{target}} option to @code{configure}.
-
-When you run @code{make} to build a program or library, you must run
-it in a configured directory---whatever directory you were in when you
-called @code{configure} (or one of its subdirectories).
-
-The @code{Makefile} that @code{configure} generates in each source
-directory also runs recursively. If you type @code{make} in a source
-directory such as @file{gdb-@value{GDBVN}} (or in a separate configured
-directory configured with @samp{--srcdir=@var{dirname}/gdb-@value{GDBVN}}), you
-will build all the required libraries, and then build GDB.
-
-When you have multiple hosts or targets configured in separate
-directories, you can run @code{make} on them in parallel (for example,
-if they are NFS-mounted on each of the hosts); they will not interfere
-with each other.
-
-@node Config Names, Configure Options, Separate Objdir, Installing GDB
-@section Specifying names for hosts and targets
-
-The specifications used for hosts and targets in the @code{configure}
-script are based on a three-part naming scheme, but some short predefined
-aliases are also supported. The full naming scheme encodes three pieces
-of information in the following pattern:
-
-@example
-@var{architecture}-@var{vendor}-@var{os}
-@end example
-
-For example, you can use the alias @code{sun4} as a @var{host} argument,
-or as the value for @var{target} in a @code{--target=@var{target}}
-option. The equivalent full name is @samp{sparc-sun-sunos4}.
-
-The @code{configure} script accompanying @value{GDBN} does not provide
-any query facility to list all supported host and target names or
-aliases. @code{configure} calls the Bourne shell script
-@code{config.sub} to map abbreviations to full names; you can read the
-script, if you wish, or you can use it to test your guesses on
-abbreviations---for example:
-
-@smallexample
-% sh config.sub i386-linux
-i386-pc-linux-gnu
-% sh config.sub alpha-linux
-alpha-unknown-linux-gnu
-% sh config.sub hp9k700
-hppa1.1-hp-hpux
-% sh config.sub sun4
-sparc-sun-sunos4.1.1
-% sh config.sub sun3
-m68k-sun-sunos4.1.1
-% sh config.sub i986v
-Invalid configuration `i986v': machine `i986v' not recognized
-@end smallexample
-
-@noindent
-@code{config.sub} is also distributed in the @value{GDBN} source
-directory (@file{gdb-@value{GDBVN}}, for version @value{GDBVN}).
-
-@node Configure Options, , Config Names, Installing GDB
-@section @code{configure} options
-
-Here is a summary of the @code{configure} options and arguments that
-are most often useful for building @value{GDBN}. @code{configure} also has
-several other options not listed here. @inforef{What Configure
-Does,,configure.info}, for a full explanation of @code{configure}.
-
-@example
-configure @r{[}--help@r{]}
- @r{[}--prefix=@var{dir}@r{]}
- @r{[}--exec-prefix=@var{dir}@r{]}
- @r{[}--srcdir=@var{dirname}@r{]}
- @r{[}--norecursion@r{]} @r{[}--rm@r{]}
- @r{[}--target=@var{target}@r{]}
- @var{host}
-@end example
-
-@noindent
-You may introduce options with a single @samp{-} rather than
-@samp{--} if you prefer; but you may abbreviate option names if you use
-@samp{--}.
-
-@table @code
-@item --help
-Display a quick summary of how to invoke @code{configure}.
-
-@item --prefix=@var{dir}
-Configure the source to install programs and files under directory
-@file{@var{dir}}.
-
-@item --exec-prefix=@var{dir}
-Configure the source to install programs under directory
-@file{@var{dir}}.
-
-@c avoid splitting the warning from the explanation:
-@need 2000
-@item --srcdir=@var{dirname}
-@strong{Warning: using this option requires @sc{gnu} @code{make}, or another
-@code{make} that implements the @code{VPATH} feature.}@*
-Use this option to make configurations in directories separate from the
-@value{GDBN} source directories. Among other things, you can use this to
-build (or maintain) several configurations simultaneously, in separate
-directories. @code{configure} writes configuration specific files in
-the current directory, but arranges for them to use the source in the
-directory @var{dirname}. @code{configure} creates directories under
-the working directory in parallel to the source directories below
-@var{dirname}.
-
-@item --norecursion
-Configure only the directory level where @code{configure} is executed; do not
-propagate configuration to subdirectories.
-
-@item --target=@var{target}
-Configure @value{GDBN} for cross-debugging programs running on the specified
-@var{target}. Without this option, @value{GDBN} is configured to debug
-programs that run on the same machine (@var{host}) as @value{GDBN} itself.
-
-There is no convenient way to generate a list of all available targets.
-
-@item @var{host} @dots{}
-Configure @value{GDBN} to run on the specified @var{host}.
-
-There is no convenient way to generate a list of all available hosts.
-@end table
-
-There are many other options available as well, but they are generally
-needed for special purposes only.
-@end ifclear
-
-
-@node Index, , Installing GDB, Top
-@unnumbered Index
-
-@printindex cp
-
-@tex
-% I think something like @colophon should be in texinfo. In the
-% meantime:
-\long\def\colophon{\hbox to0pt{}\vfill
-\centerline{The body of this manual is set in}
-\centerline{\fontname\tenrm,}
-\centerline{with headings in {\bf\fontname\tenbf}}
-\centerline{and examples in {\tt\fontname\tentt}.}
-\centerline{{\it\fontname\tenit\/},}
-\centerline{{\bf\fontname\tenbf}, and}
-\centerline{{\sl\fontname\tensl\/}}
-\centerline{are used for emphasis.}\vfill}
-\page\colophon
-% Blame: doc@cygnus.com, 1991.
-@end tex
-
-@contents
-@bye
diff --git a/gdb/doc/gdb.tgts-m4 b/gdb/doc/gdb.tgts-m4
deleted file mode 100755
index e69de29..0000000
--- a/gdb/doc/gdb.tgts-m4
+++ /dev/null
diff --git a/gdb/doc/gdb.top-m4 b/gdb/doc/gdb.top-m4
deleted file mode 100755
index e69de29..0000000
--- a/gdb/doc/gdb.top-m4
+++ /dev/null
diff --git a/gdb/doc/gdbgui.texinfo b/gdb/doc/gdbgui.texinfo
deleted file mode 100644
index 6618f73..0000000
--- a/gdb/doc/gdbgui.texinfo
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,411 +0,0 @@
-\input texinfo @c -*-texinfo-*-
-@c Copyright 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
-@c
-@c %**start of header
-@c makeinfo ignores cmds prev to setfilename, so its arg cannot make use
-@c of @set vars. However, you can override filename with makeinfo -o.
-@setfilename gdb.info
-@c
-@include gdb-cfg.texi
-@c
-@ifset GENERIC
-@settitle Using the Graphical Interface to @value{GDBN}
-@end ifset
-@ifclear GENERIC
-@settitle Using the Graphical Interface to @value{GDBN} (@value{TARGET})
-@end ifclear
-@setchapternewpage odd
-@c %**end of header
-
-@c Since this interface is so new, there is much missing still.
-@c Desired but unimplemented features are commented out.
-
-@iftex
-@c @smallbook
-@c @cropmarks
-@end iftex
-
-@finalout
-@syncodeindex ky cp
-
-@c readline appendices use @vindex
-@syncodeindex vr cp
-
-@c !!set GDB manual's edition---not the same as GDB version!
-@set EDITION 4.13
-
-@c !!set GDB manual's revision date
-@set DATE January 1995
-
-@c THIS MANUAL REQUIRES TEXINFO-2 macros and info-makers to format properly.
-
-@ifinfo
-@c This is a dir.info fragment to support semi-automated addition of
-@c manuals to an info tree. zoo@cygnus.com is developing this facility.
-@format
-START-INFO-DIR-ENTRY
-* Gdb: (gdb). The GNU debugger.
-END-INFO-DIR-ENTRY
-@end format
-@end ifinfo
-@c
-@c
-@ifinfo
-This file documents the graphical interface to the GNU debugger @value{GDBN}.
-
-
-This is Edition @value{EDITION}, @value{DATE},
-of @cite{Using the Graphical Interface to @value{GDBN}}
-for GDB Version @value{GDBVN}.
-
-Copyright (C) 1994, 1995 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
-
-Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of
-this manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice
-are preserved on all copies.
-
-@ignore
-Permission is granted to process this file through TeX and print the
-results, provided the printed document carries copying permission
-notice identical to this one except for the removal of this paragraph
-(this paragraph not being relevant to the printed manual).
-
-@end ignore
-Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified versions of this
-manual under the conditions for verbatim copying, provided also that the
-entire resulting derived work is distributed under the terms of a
-permission notice identical to this one.
-
-Permission is granted to copy and distribute translations of this manual
-into another language, under the above conditions for modified versions.
-@end ifinfo
-
-@titlepage
-@title Using the Graphical Interface to @value{GDBN}
-@subtitle The GNU Source-Level Debugger
-@ifclear GENERIC
-@subtitle (@value{TARGET})
-@end ifclear
-@sp 1
-@subtitle Edition @value{EDITION}, for @value{GDBN} version @value{GDBVN}
-@subtitle @value{DATE}
-@author Stanley T. Shebs
-@page
-@tex
-{\parskip=0pt
-\hfill (Send bugs and comments on @value{GDBN} to bug-gdb\@prep.ai.mit.edu.)\par
-\hfill {\it Debugging with @value{GDBN}}\par
-\hfill \TeX{}info \texinfoversion\par
-\hfill doc\@cygnus.com\par
-}
-@end tex
-
-@vskip 0pt plus 1filll
-Copyright @copyright{} 1994, 1995 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
-@sp 2
-
-Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of
-this manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice
-are preserved on all copies.
-
-Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified versions of this
-manual under the conditions for verbatim copying, provided also that the
-entire resulting derived work is distributed under the terms of a
-permission notice identical to this one.
-
-Permission is granted to copy and distribute translations of this manual
-into another language, under the above conditions for modified versions.
-@end titlepage
-@page
-
-@ifinfo
-@node Top
-@top Using the Graphical Interface to @value{GDBN}
-@end ifinfo
-
-This file describes a graphical interface to @value{GDBN},
-the GNU symbolic debugger.
-
-@node Invocation
-@chapter Starting up GUI @value{GDBN}
-
-If @value{GDBN} has been configured to use the graphical interface,
-then you will get the interface automatically upon startup.
-
-When running as a Unix program and using the X11-based interface,
-you must of course be using an X server and/or workstation,
-and your @code{DISPLAY} environment variable must be set correctly.
-If either of these is not true, then @value{GDBN} will still start up,
-but will use only the traditional command interface.
-
-The exact layout and appearance of the windows will depend on the host
-system type. For instance, GDB under Windows will display its windows
-inside a larger window, while under Unix/X, each window is a separate
-toplevel window. However, general behavior and layout is consistent
-across all platforms; omissions or restrictions on particular platforms,
-if not documented as unavoidable, should be considered bugs and
-reported.
-
-All GDB windows have a common structure. Each window has an associated
-menu bar, which may be at the top of the window or perhaps elsewhere.
-Some of the menus and menu items in the menu bar are common to all GDB
-windows, while others are specific to particular types of windows.
-Below the menu bar is the working data area of the window. If the data
-is too large to display all at once, the data area will have scroll bars
-on its right and bottom sides. Below the data area are two optional
-features; a status/data line, and a button box.
-
-@section Menus
-
-@subsection File Menu
-
-The standard file menu provides operations that affect the overall state
-of GDB, mainly file operations, but other things as well.
-
-About GDB...
-
-Displays the startup window for GDB.
-
-File...
-
-Lets you set the combined executable and symbol file that GDB will use.
-(Like "file".)
-
-Target...
-
-Brings up a dialog that you can use to connect GDB to a target program.
-The dialog is described in more depth later.
-(Like "target".)
-
-Edit...
-
-Starts up an editor to modify the source file being displayed.
-
-Exec File...
-
-Lets you set the executable file that GDB will use.
-(Like "exec-file".)
-
-Symbol File...
-
-Lets you set the symbol file that GDB will use.
-(Like "symbol-file".)
-
-Add Symbol File...
-
-Lets you add additional symbol files.
-(Like "add-symbol-file".)
-
-Core File...
-
-Lets you set the core file that GDB will use.
-(Like "core-file".)
-
-Shared Libraries...
-
-(Like "sharedlibrary".)
-
-Quit
-
-quits GDB.
-(Like @samp{quit}.)
-
-
-@c @subsection Commands Menu
-
-@c The commands menu consists of items that let you run and control the program being
-@c debugged.
-@c
-@c Run
-@c
-@c Step
-@c
-@c Next
-@c
-@c Finish
-@c
-@c Stepi
-@c
-@c Nexti
-
-@subsection Windows Menu
-
-The windows menu allows access to all the windows available in GDB.
-The first part of the menu lists all of the predefined individual windows.
-If the window exists already, its item will be marked as such;
-selecting the item will cause the window to be put in front if it is
-obscured. If it does not exist, then it will be created.
-
-The second part of the menu lists additional windows that you may have
-created, such as source windows or variable displays.
-
-Command
----
-Source
-Assembly
----
-Registers
-Variables
----
-Files
-@c ---
-@c <extra windows>
-
-@subsection View Menu
-
-All windows have a view menu, but its contents are highly specific to
-window type. For instance, a source window will have a view menu item
-to control the display of line numbers, but a register window will instead
-have an option to choose the radix in which to display register contents.
-You can find the full description of view options with each window type.
-
-@subsection Help Menu
-
-The help menu includes access to GDB's online help.
-
-@section Windows
-
-@subsection Command Window
-
-The command window provides access to the standard GDB command
-interpreter. In nearly all cases, commands typed into this window
-will behave exactly as for a non-windowing GDB.
-
-Note that not all changes to GDB will be reflected in this window. For instance,
-if you were to type a "step" command, then click on the "step" menu item in
-the source window, then go back, and type another "step" command, the command
-buffer will only show two steps, when you have actually done three. GDB will
-put a "..." into the command buffer when operations in other windows are done,
-as a reminder that the command buffer is incomplete.
-
-@c Also note that as a side effect of having the interface and possibly an
-@c associated scripting language built in, additional commands may be
-@c available. For instance, if tcl is in GDB, the command ``tcl <tcl code>''
-@c will be available.
-
-The command window has no status line or button box.
-
-@subsection Files Window
-
-The files window lists all of the files that were used to build the
-executable.
-
-Clicking on the xxx in the left margin expands/contracts the display of
-included files and symbols defined by the file.
-
-The View menu for this window includes the following items:
-Name/Full Pathname
-@c Sort by Name
-@c Sort by Section&Offset
-@c Show All Included Files
-@c Included File Indentation...
-
-@subsection Source Window
-
-A source window displays a single file of source code.
-
-The left margin includes an indicator for the current PC, breakpoints and potential breakpoints,
-and (optionally) line numbers.
-
-The View menu for this window includes the following items:
-Show Line Numbers
-Show Breakdots
-@c Jump to PC (if pc changes, scroll back so PC is centered)
-@c Tab... (set tabbing)
-
-@section Extensions
-
-[description of gdbtk details]
-
-@c
-@c GDBTK Interface Design
-@c
-@c This is the working document describing the design of the GDBTK
-@c interface. Note that overall layout applies only to the default setup;
-@c it is expected that debugger users will be able to customize extensively.
-@c
-@c Default Startup
-@c
-@c One source window, shows source as in "list main", does *not* set a
-@c break at main or run or anything. No current PC indicator, only put
-@c in when something runs.
-@c
-@c Source Window
-@c
-@c For native, "run" button is always the same, for cross, it's actually
-@c a "target" button that pops up appropriate dialog to get connected.
-@c Once remote target is active, change button to "run".
-@c
-@c Be able to toggle assembly interleaved between source.
-@c
-@c Command Window
-@c
-@c Is an *optional* window.
-@c
-@c Behavior mimics command-line GDB running in an Emacs buffer as much
-@c as possible.
-@c
-@c Assembly Window
-@c
-@c Be able to toggle source interleaved between assembly.
-@c
-@c Target Info Window
-@c
-@c Contents similar to "info target".
-@c
-@c Should expand into process and thread info also.
-@c
-@c File Info Window
-@c
-@c Contents similar to "info files".
-@c
-@c Include data shown in "info sources" as well as "info files".
-@c
-@c Register Info Window
-@c
-@c Contents similar to "info registers".
-@c
-@c Add view option(s) for classes of registers.
-@c
-@c Stack Info Window
-@c
-@c Combines backtrace, frame, and local var displays.
-@c
-@c Signals Dialog
-@c
-@c Includes all signals whose handling may be controlled, plus
-@c checkboxes for what to do with each.
-@c
-@c Settings Dialog(s)
-@c
-@c Include all variables that can be "set" and "show"n.
-@c
-@c General Principles
-@c
-@c All windows should have a menu that allows access to other windows.
-@c Selection of item either brings up for first time or brings to front.
-@c
-@c All windows should have a "view" menu that controls formatting
-@c options for that window.
-@c
-@c Windows should usually be scrollable. Windows that display largish
-@c horizontal things should be horizontal and vertical scrollbars.
-@c
-@c To do standard modification, add commands or tcl code to .gdbtkinit.
-@c
-@c Be able to record window positions so they come up in the same way
-@c the next time. Could scribble on .gdbtkinit perhaps, or else an
-@c aux file that can be sourced by .gdbtkinit.
-
-@section How to Build
-
-If GDB is configured with --enable-gdbtk, then upon startup, it will
-open windows.
-
-@node Index
-@unnumbered Index
-
-@printindex cp
-
-@contents
-@bye
diff --git a/gdb/doc/gdbint.texinfo b/gdb/doc/gdbint.texinfo
deleted file mode 100644
index 59f1907..0000000
--- a/gdb/doc/gdbint.texinfo
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,2711 +0,0 @@
-\input texinfo
-@setfilename gdbint.info
-
-@ifinfo
-@format
-START-INFO-DIR-ENTRY
-* Gdb-Internals: (gdbint). The GNU debugger's internals.
-END-INFO-DIR-ENTRY
-@end format
-@end ifinfo
-
-@ifinfo
-This file documents the internals of the GNU debugger GDB.
-
-Copyright 1990-1999 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
-Contributed by Cygnus Solutions. Written by John Gilmore.
-Second Edition by Stan Shebs.
-
-Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of this
-manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice are
-preserved on all copies.
-
-@ignore
-Permission is granted to process this file through Tex and print the
-results, provided the printed document carries copying permission notice
-identical to this one except for the removal of this paragraph (this
-paragraph not being relevant to the printed manual).
-
-@end ignore
-Permission is granted to copy or distribute modified versions of this
-manual under the terms of the GPL (for which purpose this text may be
-regarded as a program in the language TeX).
-@end ifinfo
-
-@setchapternewpage off
-@settitle GDB Internals
-
-@titlepage
-@title{GDB Internals}
-@subtitle{A guide to the internals of the GNU debugger}
-@author John Gilmore
-@author Cygnus Solutions
-@author Second Edition:
-@author Stan Shebs
-@author Cygnus Solutions
-@page
-@tex
-\def\$#1${{#1}} % Kluge: collect RCS revision info without $...$
-\xdef\manvers{\$Revision$} % For use in headers, footers too
-{\parskip=0pt
-\hfill Cygnus Solutions\par
-\hfill \manvers\par
-\hfill \TeX{}info \texinfoversion\par
-}
-@end tex
-
-@vskip 0pt plus 1filll
-Copyright @copyright{} 1990-1999 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
-
-Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of
-this manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice
-are preserved on all copies.
-
-@end titlepage
-
-@node Top
-@c Perhaps this should be the title of the document (but only for info,
-@c not for TeX). Existing GNU manuals seem inconsistent on this point.
-@top Scope of this Document
-
-This document documents the internals of the GNU debugger, GDB. It
-includes description of GDB's key algorithms and operations, as well
-as the mechanisms that adapt GDB to specific hosts and targets.
-
-@menu
-* Requirements::
-* Overall Structure::
-* Algorithms::
-* User Interface::
-* Symbol Handling::
-* Language Support::
-* Host Definition::
-* Target Architecture Definition::
-* Target Vector Definition::
-* Native Debugging::
-* Support Libraries::
-* Coding::
-* Porting GDB::
-* Hints::
-@end menu
-
-@node Requirements
-
-@chapter Requirements
-
-Before diving into the internals, you should understand the formal
-requirements and other expectations for GDB. Although some of these may
-seem obvious, there have been proposals for GDB that have run counter to
-these requirements.
-
-First of all, GDB is a debugger. It's not designed to be a front panel
-for embedded systems. It's not a text editor. It's not a shell. It's
-not a programming environment.
-
-GDB is an interactive tool. Although a batch mode is available, GDB's
-primary role is to interact with a human programmer.
-
-GDB should be responsive to the user. A programmer hot on the trail of
-a nasty bug, and operating under a looming deadline, is going to be very
-impatient of everything, including the response time to debugger
-commands.
-
-GDB should be relatively permissive, such as for expressions. While the
-compiler should be picky (or have the option to be made picky), since
-source code lives for a long time usually, the programmer doing
-debugging shouldn't be spending time figuring out to mollify the
-debugger.
-
-GDB will be called upon to deal with really large programs. Executable
-sizes of 50 to 100 megabytes occur regularly, and we've heard reports of
-programs approaching 1 gigabyte in size.
-
-GDB should be able to run everywhere. No other debugger is available
-for even half as many configurations as GDB supports.
-
-
-@node Overall Structure
-
-@chapter Overall Structure
-
-GDB consists of three major subsystems: user interface, symbol handling
-(the ``symbol side''), and target system handling (the ``target side'').
-
-Ther user interface consists of several actual interfaces, plus
-supporting code.
-
-The symbol side consists of object file readers, debugging info
-interpreters, symbol table management, source language expression
-parsing, type and value printing.
-
-The target side consists of execution control, stack frame analysis, and
-physical target manipulation.
-
-The target side/symbol side division is not formal, and there are a
-number of exceptions. For instance, core file support involves symbolic
-elements (the basic core file reader is in BFD) and target elements (it
-supplies the contents of memory and the values of registers). Instead,
-this division is useful for understanding how the minor subsystems
-should fit together.
-
-@section The Symbol Side
-
-The symbolic side of GDB can be thought of as ``everything you can do in
-GDB without having a live program running''. For instance, you can look
-at the types of variables, and evaluate many kinds of expressions.
-
-@section The Target Side
-
-The target side of GDB is the ``bits and bytes manipulator''. Although
-it may make reference to symbolic info here and there, most of the
-target side will run with only a stripped executable available -- or
-even no executable at all, in remote debugging cases.
-
-Operations such as disassembly, stack frame crawls, and register
-display, are able to work with no symbolic info at all. In some cases,
-such as disassembly, GDB will use symbolic info to present addresses
-relative to symbols rather than as raw numbers, but it will work either
-way.
-
-@section Configurations
-
-@dfn{Host} refers to attributes of the system where GDB runs.
-@dfn{Target} refers to the system where the program being debugged
-executes. In most cases they are the same machine, in which case a
-third type of @dfn{Native} attributes come into play.
-
-Defines and include files needed to build on the host are host support.
-Examples are tty support, system defined types, host byte order, host
-float format.
-
-Defines and information needed to handle the target format are target
-dependent. Examples are the stack frame format, instruction set,
-breakpoint instruction, registers, and how to set up and tear down the stack
-to call a function.
-
-Information that is only needed when the host and target are the same,
-is native dependent. One example is Unix child process support; if the
-host and target are not the same, doing a fork to start the target
-process is a bad idea. The various macros needed for finding the
-registers in the @code{upage}, running @code{ptrace}, and such are all
-in the native-dependent files.
-
-Another example of native-dependent code is support for features that
-are really part of the target environment, but which require
-@code{#include} files that are only available on the host system. Core
-file handling and @code{setjmp} handling are two common cases.
-
-When you want to make GDB work ``native'' on a particular machine, you
-have to include all three kinds of information.
-
-
-@node Algorithms
-
-@chapter Algorithms
-
-GDB uses a number of debugging-specific algorithms. They are often not
-very complicated, but get lost in the thicket of special cases and
-real-world issues. This chapter describes the basic algorithms and
-mentions some of the specific target definitions that they use.
-
-@section Frames
-
-A frame is a construct that GDB uses to keep track of calling and called
-functions.
-
-@code{FRAME_FP} in the machine description has no meaning to the
-machine-independent part of GDB, except that it is used when setting up
-a new frame from scratch, as follows:
-
-@example
- create_new_frame (read_register (FP_REGNUM), read_pc ()));
-@end example
-
-Other than that, all the meaning imparted to @code{FP_REGNUM} is
-imparted by the machine-dependent code. So, @code{FP_REGNUM} can have
-any value that is convenient for the code that creates new frames.
-(@code{create_new_frame} calls @code{INIT_EXTRA_FRAME_INFO} if it is
-defined; that is where you should use the @code{FP_REGNUM} value, if
-your frames are nonstandard.)
-
-Given a GDB frame, define @code{FRAME_CHAIN} to determine the address of
-the calling function's frame. This will be used to create a new GDB
-frame struct, and then @code{INIT_EXTRA_FRAME_INFO} and
-@code{INIT_FRAME_PC} will be called for the new frame.
-
-@section Breakpoint Handling
-
-In general, a breakpoint is a user-designated location in the program
-where the user wants to regain control if program execution ever reaches
-that location.
-
-There are two main ways to implement breakpoints; either as ``hardware''
-breakpoints or as ``software'' breakpoints.
-
-Hardware breakpoints are sometimes available as a builtin debugging
-features with some chips. Typically these work by having dedicated
-register into which the breakpoint address may be stored. If the PC
-ever matches a value in a breakpoint registers, the CPU raises an
-exception and reports it to GDB. Another possibility is when an
-emulator is in use; many emulators include circuitry that watches the
-address lines coming out from the processor, and force it to stop if the
-address matches a breakpoint's address. A third possibility is that the
-target already has the ability to do breakpoints somehow; for instance,
-a ROM monitor may do its own software breakpoints. So although these
-are not literally ``hardware breakpoints'', from GDB's point of view
-they work the same; GDB need not do nothing more than set the breakpoint
-and wait for something to happen.
-
-Since they depend on hardware resources, hardware breakpoints may be
-limited in number; when the user asks for more, GDB will start trying to
-set software breakpoints.
-
-Software breakpoints require GDB to do somewhat more work. The basic
-theory is that GDB will replace a program instruction a trap, illegal
-divide, or some other instruction that will cause an exception, and then
-when it's encountered, GDB will take the exception and stop the program.
-When the user says to continue, GDB will restore the original
-instruction, single-step, re-insert the trap, and continue on.
-
-Since it literally overwrites the program being tested, the program area
-must be writeable, so this technique won't work on programs in ROM. It
-can also distort the behavior of programs that examine themselves,
-although the situation would be highly unusual.
-
-Also, the software breakpoint instruction should be the smallest size of
-instruction, so it doesn't overwrite an instruction that might be a jump
-target, and cause disaster when the program jumps into the middle of the
-breakpoint instruction. (Strictly speaking, the breakpoint must be no
-larger than the smallest interval between instructions that may be jump
-targets; perhaps there is an architecture where only even-numbered
-instructions may jumped to.) Note that it's possible for an instruction
-set not to have any instructions usable for a software breakpoint,
-although in practice only the ARC has failed to define such an
-instruction.
-
-The basic definition of the software breakpoint is the macro
-@code{BREAKPOINT}.
-
-Basic breakpoint object handling is in @file{breakpoint.c}. However,
-much of the interesting breakpoint action is in @file{infrun.c}.
-
-@section Single Stepping
-
-@section Signal Handling
-
-@section Thread Handling
-
-@section Inferior Function Calls
-
-@section Longjmp Support
-
-GDB has support for figuring out that the target is doing a
-@code{longjmp} and for stopping at the target of the jump, if we are
-stepping. This is done with a few specialized internal breakpoints,
-which are visible in the @code{maint info breakpoint} command.
-
-To make this work, you need to define a macro called
-@code{GET_LONGJMP_TARGET}, which will examine the @code{jmp_buf}
-structure and extract the longjmp target address. Since @code{jmp_buf}
-is target specific, you will need to define it in the appropriate
-@file{tm-@var{xyz}.h} file. Look in @file{tm-sun4os4.h} and
-@file{sparc-tdep.c} for examples of how to do this.
-
-@node User Interface
-
-@chapter User Interface
-
-GDB has several user interfaces. Although the command-line interface
-is the most common and most familiar, there are others.
-
-@section Command Interpreter
-
-The command interpreter in GDB is fairly simple. It is designed to
-allow for the set of commands to be augmented dynamically, and also
-has a recursive subcommand capability, where the first argument to
-a command may itself direct a lookup on a different command list.
-
-For instance, the @code{set} command just starts a lookup on the
-@code{setlist} command list, while @code{set thread} recurses
-to the @code{set_thread_cmd_list}.
-
-To add commands in general, use @code{add_cmd}. @code{add_com} adds to
-the main command list, and should be used for those commands. The usual
-place to add commands is in the @code{_initialize_@var{xyz}} routines at the
-ends of most source files.
-
-@section Console Printing
-
-@section TUI
-
-@section libgdb
-
-@code{libgdb} was an abortive project of years ago. The theory was to
-provide an API to GDB's functionality.
-
-@node Symbol Handling
-
-@chapter Symbol Handling
-
-Symbols are a key part of GDB's operation. Symbols include variables,
-functions, and types.
-
-@section Symbol Reading
-
-GDB reads symbols from ``symbol files''. The usual symbol file is the
-file containing the program which GDB is debugging. GDB can be directed
-to use a different file for symbols (with the @code{symbol-file}
-command), and it can also read more symbols via the ``add-file'' and
-``load'' commands, or while reading symbols from shared libraries.
-
-Symbol files are initially opened by code in @file{symfile.c} using the
-BFD library. BFD identifies the type of the file by examining its
-header. @code{symfile_init} then uses this identification to locate a
-set of symbol-reading functions.
-
-Symbol reading modules identify themselves to GDB by calling
-@code{add_symtab_fns} during their module initialization. The argument
-to @code{add_symtab_fns} is a @code{struct sym_fns} which contains the
-name (or name prefix) of the symbol format, the length of the prefix,
-and pointers to four functions. These functions are called at various
-times to process symbol-files whose identification matches the specified
-prefix.
-
-The functions supplied by each module are:
-
-@table @code
-@item @var{xyz}_symfile_init(struct sym_fns *sf)
-
-Called from @code{symbol_file_add} when we are about to read a new
-symbol file. This function should clean up any internal state (possibly
-resulting from half-read previous files, for example) and prepare to
-read a new symbol file. Note that the symbol file which we are reading
-might be a new "main" symbol file, or might be a secondary symbol file
-whose symbols are being added to the existing symbol table.
-
-The argument to @code{@var{xyz}_symfile_init} is a newly allocated
-@code{struct sym_fns} whose @code{bfd} field contains the BFD for the
-new symbol file being read. Its @code{private} field has been zeroed,
-and can be modified as desired. Typically, a struct of private
-information will be @code{malloc}'d, and a pointer to it will be placed
-in the @code{private} field.
-
-There is no result from @code{@var{xyz}_symfile_init}, but it can call
-@code{error} if it detects an unavoidable problem.
-
-@item @var{xyz}_new_init()
-
-Called from @code{symbol_file_add} when discarding existing symbols.
-This function need only handle the symbol-reading module's internal
-state; the symbol table data structures visible to the rest of GDB will
-be discarded by @code{symbol_file_add}. It has no arguments and no
-result. It may be called after @code{@var{xyz}_symfile_init}, if a new
-symbol table is being read, or may be called alone if all symbols are
-simply being discarded.
-
-@item @var{xyz}_symfile_read(struct sym_fns *sf, CORE_ADDR addr, int mainline)
-
-Called from @code{symbol_file_add} to actually read the symbols from a
-symbol-file into a set of psymtabs or symtabs.
-
-@code{sf} points to the struct sym_fns originally passed to
-@code{@var{xyz}_sym_init} for possible initialization. @code{addr} is
-the offset between the file's specified start address and its true
-address in memory. @code{mainline} is 1 if this is the main symbol
-table being read, and 0 if a secondary symbol file (e.g. shared library
-or dynamically loaded file) is being read.@refill
-@end table
-
-In addition, if a symbol-reading module creates psymtabs when
-@var{xyz}_symfile_read is called, these psymtabs will contain a pointer
-to a function @code{@var{xyz}_psymtab_to_symtab}, which can be called
-from any point in the GDB symbol-handling code.
-
-@table @code
-@item @var{xyz}_psymtab_to_symtab (struct partial_symtab *pst)
-
-Called from @code{psymtab_to_symtab} (or the PSYMTAB_TO_SYMTAB macro) if
-the psymtab has not already been read in and had its @code{pst->symtab}
-pointer set. The argument is the psymtab to be fleshed-out into a
-symtab. Upon return, pst->readin should have been set to 1, and
-pst->symtab should contain a pointer to the new corresponding symtab, or
-zero if there were no symbols in that part of the symbol file.
-@end table
-
-@section Partial Symbol Tables
-
-GDB has three types of symbol tables.
-
-@itemize @bullet
-
-@item full symbol tables (symtabs). These contain the main information
-about symbols and addresses.
-
-@item partial symbol tables (psymtabs). These contain enough
-information to know when to read the corresponding part of the full
-symbol table.
-
-@item minimal symbol tables (msymtabs). These contain information
-gleaned from non-debugging symbols.
-
-@end itemize
-
-This section describes partial symbol tables.
-
-A psymtab is constructed by doing a very quick pass over an executable
-file's debugging information. Small amounts of information are
-extracted -- enough to identify which parts of the symbol table will
-need to be re-read and fully digested later, when the user needs the
-information. The speed of this pass causes GDB to start up very
-quickly. Later, as the detailed rereading occurs, it occurs in small
-pieces, at various times, and the delay therefrom is mostly invisible to
-the user.
-@c (@xref{Symbol Reading}.)
-
-The symbols that show up in a file's psymtab should be, roughly, those
-visible to the debugger's user when the program is not running code from
-that file. These include external symbols and types, static symbols and
-types, and enum values declared at file scope.
-
-The psymtab also contains the range of instruction addresses that the
-full symbol table would represent.
-
-The idea is that there are only two ways for the user (or much of the
-code in the debugger) to reference a symbol:
-
-@itemize @bullet
-
-@item by its address
-(e.g. execution stops at some address which is inside a function in this
-file). The address will be noticed to be in the range of this psymtab,
-and the full symtab will be read in. @code{find_pc_function},
-@code{find_pc_line}, and other @code{find_pc_@dots{}} functions handle
-this.
-
-@item by its name
-(e.g. the user asks to print a variable, or set a breakpoint on a
-function). Global names and file-scope names will be found in the
-psymtab, which will cause the symtab to be pulled in. Local names will
-have to be qualified by a global name, or a file-scope name, in which
-case we will have already read in the symtab as we evaluated the
-qualifier. Or, a local symbol can be referenced when we are "in" a
-local scope, in which case the first case applies. @code{lookup_symbol}
-does most of the work here.
-
-@end itemize
-
-The only reason that psymtabs exist is to cause a symtab to be read in
-at the right moment. Any symbol that can be elided from a psymtab,
-while still causing that to happen, should not appear in it. Since
-psymtabs don't have the idea of scope, you can't put local symbols in
-them anyway. Psymtabs don't have the idea of the type of a symbol,
-either, so types need not appear, unless they will be referenced by
-name.
-
-It is a bug for GDB to behave one way when only a psymtab has been read,
-and another way if the corresponding symtab has been read in. Such bugs
-are typically caused by a psymtab that does not contain all the visible
-symbols, or which has the wrong instruction address ranges.
-
-The psymtab for a particular section of a symbol-file (objfile) could be
-thrown away after the symtab has been read in. The symtab should always
-be searched before the psymtab, so the psymtab will never be used (in a
-bug-free environment). Currently, psymtabs are allocated on an obstack,
-and all the psymbols themselves are allocated in a pair of large arrays
-on an obstack, so there is little to be gained by trying to free them
-unless you want to do a lot more work.
-
-@section Types
-
-Fundamental Types (e.g., FT_VOID, FT_BOOLEAN).
-
-These are the fundamental types that GDB uses internally. Fundamental
-types from the various debugging formats (stabs, ELF, etc) are mapped
-into one of these. They are basically a union of all fundamental types
-that gdb knows about for all the languages that GDB knows about.
-
-Type Codes (e.g., TYPE_CODE_PTR, TYPE_CODE_ARRAY).
-
-Each time GDB builds an internal type, it marks it with one of these
-types. The type may be a fundamental type, such as TYPE_CODE_INT, or a
-derived type, such as TYPE_CODE_PTR which is a pointer to another type.
-Typically, several FT_* types map to one TYPE_CODE_* type, and are
-distinguished by other members of the type struct, such as whether the
-type is signed or unsigned, and how many bits it uses.
-
-Builtin Types (e.g., builtin_type_void, builtin_type_char).
-
-These are instances of type structs that roughly correspond to
-fundamental types and are created as global types for GDB to use for
-various ugly historical reasons. We eventually want to eliminate these.
-Note for example that builtin_type_int initialized in gdbtypes.c is
-basically the same as a TYPE_CODE_INT type that is initialized in
-c-lang.c for an FT_INTEGER fundamental type. The difference is that the
-builtin_type is not associated with any particular objfile, and only one
-instance exists, while c-lang.c builds as many TYPE_CODE_INT types as
-needed, with each one associated with some particular objfile.
-
-@section Object File Formats
-
-@subsection a.out
-
-The @file{a.out} format is the original file format for Unix. It
-consists of three sections: text, data, and bss, which are for program
-code, initialized data, and uninitialized data, respectively.
-
-The @file{a.out} format is so simple that it doesn't have any reserved
-place for debugging information. (Hey, the original Unix hackers used
-@file{adb}, which is a machine-language debugger.) The only debugging
-format for @file{a.out} is stabs, which is encoded as a set of normal
-symbols with distinctive attributes.
-
-The basic @file{a.out} reader is in @file{dbxread.c}.
-
-@subsection COFF
-
-The COFF format was introduced with System V Release 3 (SVR3) Unix.
-COFF files may have multiple sections, each prefixed by a header. The
-number of sections is limited.
-
-The COFF specification includes support for debugging. Although this
-was a step forward, the debugging information was woefully limited. For
-instance, it was not possible to represent code that came from an
-included file.
-
-The COFF reader is in @file{coffread.c}.
-
-@subsection ECOFF
-
-ECOFF is an extended COFF originally introduced for Mips and Alpha
-workstations.
-
-The basic ECOFF reader is in @file{mipsread.c}.
-
-@subsection XCOFF
-
-The IBM RS/6000 running AIX uses an object file format called XCOFF.
-The COFF sections, symbols, and line numbers are used, but debugging
-symbols are dbx-style stabs whose strings are located in the
-@samp{.debug} section (rather than the string table). For more
-information, see @xref{Top,,,stabs,The Stabs Debugging Format}.
-
-The shared library scheme has a clean interface for figuring out what
-shared libraries are in use, but the catch is that everything which
-refers to addresses (symbol tables and breakpoints at least) needs to be
-relocated for both shared libraries and the main executable. At least
-using the standard mechanism this can only be done once the program has
-been run (or the core file has been read).
-
-@subsection PE
-
-Windows 95 and NT use the PE (Portable Executable) format for their
-executables. PE is basically COFF with additional headers.
-
-While BFD includes special PE support, GDB needs only the basic
-COFF reader.
-
-@subsection ELF
-
-The ELF format came with System V Release 4 (SVR4) Unix. ELF is similar
-to COFF in being organized into a number of sections, but it removes
-many of COFF's limitations.
-
-The basic ELF reader is in @file{elfread.c}.
-
-@subsection SOM
-
-SOM is HP's object file and debug format (not to be confused with IBM's
-SOM, which is a cross-language ABI).
-
-The SOM reader is in @file{hpread.c}.
-
-@subsection Other File Formats
-
-Other file formats that have been supported by GDB include Netware
-Loadable Modules (@file{nlmread.c}.
-
-@section Debugging File Formats
-
-This section describes characteristics of debugging information that
-are independent of the object file format.
-
-@subsection stabs
-
-@code{stabs} started out as special symbols within the @code{a.out}
-format. Since then, it has been encapsulated into other file
-formats, such as COFF and ELF.
-
-While @file{dbxread.c} does some of the basic stab processing,
-including for encapsulated versions, @file{stabsread.c} does
-the real work.
-
-@subsection COFF
-
-The basic COFF definition includes debugging information. The level
-of support is minimal and non-extensible, and is not often used.
-
-@subsection Mips debug (Third Eye)
-
-ECOFF includes a definition of a special debug format.
-
-The file @file{mdebugread.c} implements reading for this format.
-
-@subsection DWARF 1
-
-DWARF 1 is a debugging format that was originally designed to be
-used with ELF in SVR4 systems.
-
-@c CHILL_PRODUCER
-@c GCC_PRODUCER
-@c GPLUS_PRODUCER
-@c LCC_PRODUCER
-@c If defined, these are the producer strings in a DWARF 1 file. All of
-@c these have reasonable defaults already.
-
-The DWARF 1 reader is in @file{dwarfread.c}.
-
-@subsection DWARF 2
-
-DWARF 2 is an improved but incompatible version of DWARF 1.
-
-The DWARF 2 reader is in @file{dwarf2read.c}.
-
-@subsection SOM
-
-Like COFF, the SOM definition includes debugging information.
-
-@section Adding a New Symbol Reader to GDB
-
-If you are using an existing object file format (a.out, COFF, ELF, etc),
-there is probably little to be done.
-
-If you need to add a new object file format, you must first add it to
-BFD. This is beyond the scope of this document.
-
-You must then arrange for the BFD code to provide access to the
-debugging symbols. Generally GDB will have to call swapping routines
-from BFD and a few other BFD internal routines to locate the debugging
-information. As much as possible, GDB should not depend on the BFD
-internal data structures.
-
-For some targets (e.g., COFF), there is a special transfer vector used
-to call swapping routines, since the external data structures on various
-platforms have different sizes and layouts. Specialized routines that
-will only ever be implemented by one object file format may be called
-directly. This interface should be described in a file
-@file{bfd/libxyz.h}, which is included by GDB.
-
-
-@node Language Support
-
-@chapter Language Support
-
-GDB's language support is mainly driven by the symbol reader, although
-it is possible for the user to set the source language manually.
-
-GDB chooses the source language by looking at the extension of the file
-recorded in the debug info; @code{.c} means C, @code{.f} means Fortran,
-etc. It may also use a special-purpose language identifier if the debug
-format supports it, such as DWARF.
-
-@section Adding a Source Language to GDB
-
-To add other languages to GDB's expression parser, follow the following
-steps:
-
-@table @emph
-@item Create the expression parser.
-
-This should reside in a file @file{@var{lang}-exp.y}. Routines for
-building parsed expressions into a @samp{union exp_element} list are in
-@file{parse.c}.
-
-Since we can't depend upon everyone having Bison, and YACC produces
-parsers that define a bunch of global names, the following lines
-@emph{must} be included at the top of the YACC parser, to prevent the
-various parsers from defining the same global names:
-
-@example
-#define yyparse @var{lang}_parse
-#define yylex @var{lang}_lex
-#define yyerror @var{lang}_error
-#define yylval @var{lang}_lval
-#define yychar @var{lang}_char
-#define yydebug @var{lang}_debug
-#define yypact @var{lang}_pact
-#define yyr1 @var{lang}_r1
-#define yyr2 @var{lang}_r2
-#define yydef @var{lang}_def
-#define yychk @var{lang}_chk
-#define yypgo @var{lang}_pgo
-#define yyact @var{lang}_act
-#define yyexca @var{lang}_exca
-#define yyerrflag @var{lang}_errflag
-#define yynerrs @var{lang}_nerrs
-@end example
-
-At the bottom of your parser, define a @code{struct language_defn} and
-initialize it with the right values for your language. Define an
-@code{initialize_@var{lang}} routine and have it call
-@samp{add_language(@var{lang}_language_defn)} to tell the rest of GDB
-that your language exists. You'll need some other supporting variables
-and functions, which will be used via pointers from your
-@code{@var{lang}_language_defn}. See the declaration of @code{struct
-language_defn} in @file{language.h}, and the other @file{*-exp.y} files,
-for more information.
-
-@item Add any evaluation routines, if necessary
-
-If you need new opcodes (that represent the operations of the language),
-add them to the enumerated type in @file{expression.h}. Add support
-code for these operations in @code{eval.c:evaluate_subexp()}. Add cases
-for new opcodes in two functions from @file{parse.c}:
-@code{prefixify_subexp()} and @code{length_of_subexp()}. These compute
-the number of @code{exp_element}s that a given operation takes up.
-
-@item Update some existing code
-
-Add an enumerated identifier for your language to the enumerated type
-@code{enum language} in @file{defs.h}.
-
-Update the routines in @file{language.c} so your language is included.
-These routines include type predicates and such, which (in some cases)
-are language dependent. If your language does not appear in the switch
-statement, an error is reported.
-
-Also included in @file{language.c} is the code that updates the variable
-@code{current_language}, and the routines that translate the
-@code{language_@var{lang}} enumerated identifier into a printable
-string.
-
-Update the function @code{_initialize_language} to include your
-language. This function picks the default language upon startup, so is
-dependent upon which languages that GDB is built for.
-
-Update @code{allocate_symtab} in @file{symfile.c} and/or symbol-reading
-code so that the language of each symtab (source file) is set properly.
-This is used to determine the language to use at each stack frame level.
-Currently, the language is set based upon the extension of the source
-file. If the language can be better inferred from the symbol
-information, please set the language of the symtab in the symbol-reading
-code.
-
-Add helper code to @code{expprint.c:print_subexp()} to handle any new
-expression opcodes you have added to @file{expression.h}. Also, add the
-printed representations of your operators to @code{op_print_tab}.
-
-@item Add a place of call
-
-Add a call to @code{@var{lang}_parse()} and @code{@var{lang}_error} in
-@code{parse.c:parse_exp_1()}.
-
-@item Use macros to trim code
-
-The user has the option of building GDB for some or all of the
-languages. If the user decides to build GDB for the language
-@var{lang}, then every file dependent on @file{language.h} will have the
-macro @code{_LANG_@var{lang}} defined in it. Use @code{#ifdef}s to
-leave out large routines that the user won't need if he or she is not
-using your language.
-
-Note that you do not need to do this in your YACC parser, since if GDB
-is not build for @var{lang}, then @file{@var{lang}-exp.tab.o} (the
-compiled form of your parser) is not linked into GDB at all.
-
-See the file @file{configure.in} for how GDB is configured for different
-languages.
-
-@item Edit @file{Makefile.in}
-
-Add dependencies in @file{Makefile.in}. Make sure you update the macro
-variables such as @code{HFILES} and @code{OBJS}, otherwise your code may
-not get linked in, or, worse yet, it may not get @code{tar}red into the
-distribution!
-
-@end table
-
-
-@node Host Definition
-
-@chapter Host Definition
-
-With the advent of autoconf, it's rarely necessary to have host
-definition machinery anymore.
-
-@section Adding a New Host
-
-Most of GDB's host configuration support happens via autoconf. It
-should be rare to need new host-specific definitions. GDB still uses
-the host-specific definitions and files listed below, but these mostly
-exist for historical reasons, and should eventually disappear.
-
-Several files control GDB's configuration for host systems:
-
-@table @file
-
-@item gdb/config/@var{arch}/@var{xyz}.mh
-Specifies Makefile fragments needed when hosting on machine @var{xyz}.
-In particular, this lists the required machine-dependent object files,
-by defining @samp{XDEPFILES=@dots{}}. Also specifies the header file
-which describes host @var{xyz}, by defining @code{XM_FILE=
-xm-@var{xyz}.h}. You can also define @code{CC}, @code{SYSV_DEFINE},
-@code{XM_CFLAGS}, @code{XM_ADD_FILES}, @code{XM_CLIBS}, @code{XM_CDEPS},
-etc.; see @file{Makefile.in}.
-
-@item gdb/config/@var{arch}/xm-@var{xyz}.h
-(@file{xm.h} is a link to this file, created by configure). Contains C
-macro definitions describing the host system environment, such as byte
-order, host C compiler and library.
-
-@item gdb/@var{xyz}-xdep.c
-Contains any miscellaneous C code required for this machine as a host.
-On most machines it doesn't exist at all. If it does exist, put
-@file{@var{xyz}-xdep.o} into the @code{XDEPFILES} line in
-@file{gdb/config/@var{arch}/@var{xyz}.mh}.
-
-@end table
-
-@subheading Generic Host Support Files
-
-There are some ``generic'' versions of routines that can be used by
-various systems. These can be customized in various ways by macros
-defined in your @file{xm-@var{xyz}.h} file. If these routines work for
-the @var{xyz} host, you can just include the generic file's name (with
-@samp{.o}, not @samp{.c}) in @code{XDEPFILES}.
-
-Otherwise, if your machine needs custom support routines, you will need
-to write routines that perform the same functions as the generic file.
-Put them into @code{@var{xyz}-xdep.c}, and put @code{@var{xyz}-xdep.o}
-into @code{XDEPFILES}.
-
-@table @file
-
-@item ser-unix.c
-This contains serial line support for Unix systems. This is always
-included, via the makefile variable @code{SER_HARDWIRE}; override this
-variable in the @file{.mh} file to avoid it.
-
-@item ser-go32.c
-This contains serial line support for 32-bit programs running under DOS,
-using the GO32 execution environment.
-
-@item ser-tcp.c
-This contains generic TCP support using sockets.
-
-@end table
-
-@section Host Conditionals
-
-When GDB is configured and compiled, various macros are defined or left
-undefined, to control compilation based on the attributes of the host
-system. These macros and their meanings (or if the meaning is not
-documented here, then one of the source files where they are used is
-indicated) are:
-
-@table @code
-
-@item GDBINIT_FILENAME
-The default name of GDB's initialization file (normally @file{.gdbinit}).
-
-@item MEM_FNS_DECLARED
-Your host config file defines this if it includes declarations of
-@code{memcpy} and @code{memset}. Define this to avoid conflicts between
-the native include files and the declarations in @file{defs.h}.
-
-@item NO_SYS_FILE
-Define this if your system does not have a @code{<sys/file.h>}.
-
-@item SIGWINCH_HANDLER
-If your host defines @code{SIGWINCH}, you can define this to be the name
-of a function to be called if @code{SIGWINCH} is received.
-
-@item SIGWINCH_HANDLER_BODY
-Define this to expand into code that will define the function named by
-the expansion of @code{SIGWINCH_HANDLER}.
-
-@item ALIGN_STACK_ON_STARTUP
-Define this if your system is of a sort that will crash in
-@code{tgetent} if the stack happens not to be longword-aligned when
-@code{main} is called. This is a rare situation, but is known to occur
-on several different types of systems.
-
-@item CRLF_SOURCE_FILES
-Define this if host files use @code{\r\n} rather than @code{\n} as a
-line terminator. This will cause source file listings to omit @code{\r}
-characters when printing and it will allow \r\n line endings of files
-which are "sourced" by gdb. It must be possible to open files in binary
-mode using @code{O_BINARY} or, for fopen, @code{"rb"}.
-
-@item DEFAULT_PROMPT
-The default value of the prompt string (normally @code{"(gdb) "}).
-
-@item DEV_TTY
-The name of the generic TTY device, defaults to @code{"/dev/tty"}.
-
-@item FCLOSE_PROVIDED
-Define this if the system declares @code{fclose} in the headers included
-in @code{defs.h}. This isn't needed unless your compiler is unusually
-anal.
-
-@item FOPEN_RB
-Define this if binary files are opened the same way as text files.
-
-@item GETENV_PROVIDED
-Define this if the system declares @code{getenv} in its headers included
-in @code{defs.h}. This isn't needed unless your compiler is unusually
-anal.
-
-@item HAVE_MMAP
-In some cases, use the system call @code{mmap} for reading symbol
-tables. For some machines this allows for sharing and quick updates.
-
-@item HAVE_SIGSETMASK
-Define this if the host system has job control, but does not define
-@code{sigsetmask()}. Currently, this is only true of the RS/6000.
-
-@item HAVE_TERMIO
-Define this if the host system has @code{termio.h}.
-
-@item HOST_BYTE_ORDER
-The ordering of bytes in the host. This must be defined to be either
-@code{BIG_ENDIAN} or @code{LITTLE_ENDIAN}.
-
-@item INT_MAX
-@item INT_MIN
-@item LONG_MAX
-@item UINT_MAX
-@item ULONG_MAX
-Values for host-side constants.
-
-@item ISATTY
-Substitute for isatty, if not available.
-
-@item LONGEST
-This is the longest integer type available on the host. If not defined,
-it will default to @code{long long} or @code{long}, depending on
-@code{CC_HAS_LONG_LONG}.
-
-@item CC_HAS_LONG_LONG
-Define this if the host C compiler supports ``long long''. This is set
-by the configure script.
-
-@item PRINTF_HAS_LONG_LONG
-Define this if the host can handle printing of long long integers via
-the printf format directive ``ll''. This is set by the configure script.
-
-@item HAVE_LONG_DOUBLE
-Define this if the host C compiler supports ``long double''. This is
-set by the configure script.
-
-@item PRINTF_HAS_LONG_DOUBLE
-Define this if the host can handle printing of long double float-point
-numbers via the printf format directive ``Lg''. This is set by the
-configure script.
-
-@item SCANF_HAS_LONG_DOUBLE
-Define this if the host can handle the parsing of long double
-float-point numbers via the scanf format directive directive
-``Lg''. This is set by the configure script.
-
-@item LSEEK_NOT_LINEAR
-Define this if @code{lseek (n)} does not necessarily move to byte number
-@code{n} in the file. This is only used when reading source files. It
-is normally faster to define @code{CRLF_SOURCE_FILES} when possible.
-
-@item L_SET
-This macro is used as the argument to lseek (or, most commonly,
-bfd_seek). FIXME, should be replaced by SEEK_SET instead, which is the
-POSIX equivalent.
-
-@item MAINTENANCE_CMDS
-If the value of this is 1, then a number of optional maintenance
-commands are compiled in.
-
-@item MALLOC_INCOMPATIBLE
-Define this if the system's prototype for @code{malloc} differs from the
-@sc{ANSI} definition.
-
-@item MMAP_BASE_ADDRESS
-When using HAVE_MMAP, the first mapping should go at this address.
-
-@item MMAP_INCREMENT
-when using HAVE_MMAP, this is the increment between mappings.
-
-@item NEED_POSIX_SETPGID
-Define this to use the POSIX version of @code{setpgid} to determine
-whether job control is available.
-
-@item NORETURN
-If defined, this should be one or more tokens, such as @code{volatile},
-that can be used in both the declaration and definition of functions to
-indicate that they never return. The default is already set correctly
-if compiling with GCC. This will almost never need to be defined.
-
-@item ATTR_NORETURN
-If defined, this should be one or more tokens, such as
-@code{__attribute__ ((noreturn))}, that can be used in the declarations
-of functions to indicate that they never return. The default is already
-set correctly if compiling with GCC. This will almost never need to be
-defined.
-
-@item USE_MMALLOC
-GDB will use the @code{mmalloc} library for memory allocation for symbol
-reading if this symbol is defined. Be careful defining it since there
-are systems on which @code{mmalloc} does not work for some reason. One
-example is the DECstation, where its RPC library can't cope with our
-redefinition of @code{malloc} to call @code{mmalloc}. When defining
-@code{USE_MMALLOC}, you will also have to set @code{MMALLOC} in the
-Makefile, to point to the mmalloc library. This define is set when you
-configure with --with-mmalloc.
-
-@item NO_MMCHECK
-Define this if you are using @code{mmalloc}, but don't want the overhead
-of checking the heap with @code{mmcheck}. Note that on some systems,
-the C runtime makes calls to malloc prior to calling @code{main}, and if
-@code{free} is ever called with these pointers after calling
-@code{mmcheck} to enable checking, a memory corruption abort is certain
-to occur. These systems can still use mmalloc, but must define
-NO_MMCHECK.
-
-@item MMCHECK_FORCE
-Define this to 1 if the C runtime allocates memory prior to
-@code{mmcheck} being called, but that memory is never freed so we don't
-have to worry about it triggering a memory corruption abort. The
-default is 0, which means that @code{mmcheck} will only install the heap
-checking functions if there has not yet been any memory allocation
-calls, and if it fails to install the functions, gdb will issue a
-warning. This is currently defined if you configure using
---with-mmalloc.
-
-@item NO_SIGINTERRUPT
-Define this to indicate that siginterrupt() is not available.
-
-@item R_OK
-Define if this is not in a system .h file.
-
-@item SEEK_CUR
-@item SEEK_SET
-Define these to appropriate value for the system lseek(), if not already
-defined.
-
-@item STOP_SIGNAL
-This is the signal for stopping GDB. Defaults to SIGTSTP. (Only
-redefined for the Convex.)
-
-@item USE_O_NOCTTY
-Define this if the interior's tty should be opened with the O_NOCTTY
-flag. (FIXME: This should be a native-only flag, but @file{inflow.c} is
-always linked in.)
-
-@item USG
-Means that System V (prior to SVR4) include files are in use. (FIXME:
-This symbol is abused in @file{infrun.c}, @file{regex.c},
-@file{remote-nindy.c}, and @file{utils.c} for other things, at the
-moment.)
-
-@item lint
-Define this to help placate lint in some situations.
-
-@item volatile
-Define this to override the defaults of @code{__volatile__} or
-@code{/**/}.
-
-@end table
-
-
-@node Target Architecture Definition
-
-@chapter Target Architecture Definition
-
-GDB's target architecture defines what sort of machine-language programs
-GDB can work with, and how it works with them.
-
-At present, the target architecture definition consists of a number of C
-macros.
-
-@section Registers and Memory
-
-GDB's model of the target machine is rather simple. GDB assumes the
-machine includes a bank of registers and a block of memory. Each
-register may have a different size.
-
-GDB does not have a magical way to match up with the compiler's idea of
-which registers are which; however, it is critical that they do match up
-accurately. The only way to make this work is to get accurate
-information about the order that the compiler uses, and to reflect that
-in the @code{REGISTER_NAME} and related macros.
-
-GDB can handle big-endian, little-endian, and bi-endian architectures.
-
-@section Frame Interpretation
-
-@section Inferior Call Setup
-
-@section Compiler Characteristics
-
-@section Target Conditionals
-
-This section describes the macros that you can use to define the target
-machine.
-
-@table @code
-
-@item ADDITIONAL_OPTIONS
-@item ADDITIONAL_OPTION_CASES
-@item ADDITIONAL_OPTION_HANDLER
-@item ADDITIONAL_OPTION_HELP
-These are a set of macros that allow the addition of additional command
-line options to GDB. They are currently used only for the unsupported
-i960 Nindy target, and should not be used in any other configuration.
-
-@item ADDR_BITS_REMOVE (addr)
-If a raw machine address includes any bits that are not really part of
-the address, then define this macro to expand into an expression that
-zeros those bits in @var{addr}. For example, the two low-order bits of
-a Motorola 88K address may be used by some kernels for their own
-purposes, since addresses must always be 4-byte aligned, and so are of
-no use for addressing. Those bits should be filtered out with an
-expression such as @code{((addr) & ~3)}.
-
-@item BEFORE_MAIN_LOOP_HOOK
-Define this to expand into any code that you want to execute before the
-main loop starts. Although this is not, strictly speaking, a target
-conditional, that is how it is currently being used. Note that if a
-configuration were to define it one way for a host and a different way
-for the target, GDB will probably not compile, let alone run correctly.
-This is currently used only for the unsupported i960 Nindy target, and
-should not be used in any other configuration.
-
-@item BELIEVE_PCC_PROMOTION
-Define if the compiler promotes a short or char parameter to an int, but
-still reports the parameter as its original type, rather than the
-promoted type.
-
-@item BELIEVE_PCC_PROMOTION_TYPE
-Define this if GDB should believe the type of a short argument when
-compiled by pcc, but look within a full int space to get its value.
-Only defined for Sun-3 at present.
-
-@item BITS_BIG_ENDIAN
-Define this if the numbering of bits in the targets does *not* match the
-endianness of the target byte order. A value of 1 means that the bits
-are numbered in a big-endian order, 0 means little-endian.
-
-@item BREAKPOINT
-This is the character array initializer for the bit pattern to put into
-memory where a breakpoint is set. Although it's common to use a trap
-instruction for a breakpoint, it's not required; for instance, the bit
-pattern could be an invalid instruction. The breakpoint must be no
-longer than the shortest instruction of the architecture.
-
-@item BIG_BREAKPOINT
-@item LITTLE_BREAKPOINT
-Similar to BREAKPOINT, but used for bi-endian targets.
-
-@item REMOTE_BREAKPOINT
-@item LITTLE_REMOTE_BREAKPOINT
-@item BIG_REMOTE_BREAKPOINT
-Similar to BREAKPOINT, but used for remote targets.
-
-@item BREAKPOINT_FROM_PC (pcptr, lenptr)
-
-Use the program counter to determine the contents and size of a
-breakpoint instruction. It returns a pointer to a string of bytes that
-encode a breakpoint instruction, stores the length of the string to
-*lenptr, and adjusts pc (if necessary) to point to the actual memory
-location where the breakpoint should be inserted.
-
-Although it is common to use a trap instruction for a breakpoint, it's
-not required; for instance, the bit pattern could be an invalid
-instruction. The breakpoint must be no longer than the shortest
-instruction of the architecture.
-
-Replaces all the other BREAKPOINTs.
-
-@item CALL_DUMMY
-valops.c
-@item CALL_DUMMY_LOCATION
-inferior.h
-@item CALL_DUMMY_STACK_ADJUST
-valops.c
-
-@item CANNOT_FETCH_REGISTER (regno)
-A C expression that should be nonzero if @var{regno} cannot be fetched
-from an inferior process. This is only relevant if
-@code{FETCH_INFERIOR_REGISTERS} is not defined.
-
-@item CANNOT_STORE_REGISTER (regno)
-A C expression that should be nonzero if @var{regno} should not be
-written to the target. This is often the case for program counters,
-status words, and other special registers. If this is not defined, GDB
-will assume that all registers may be written.
-
-@item DO_DEFERRED_STORES
-@item CLEAR_DEFERRED_STORES
-Define this to execute any deferred stores of registers into the inferior,
-and to cancel any deferred stores.
-
-Currently only implemented correctly for native Sparc configurations?
-
-@item CPLUS_MARKER
-Define this to expand into the character that G++ uses to distinguish
-compiler-generated identifiers from programmer-specified identifiers.
-By default, this expands into @code{'$'}. Most System V targets should
-define this to @code{'.'}.
-
-@item DBX_PARM_SYMBOL_CLASS
-Hook for the @code{SYMBOL_CLASS} of a parameter when decoding DBX symbol
-information. In the i960, parameters can be stored as locals or as
-args, depending on the type of the debug record.
-
-@item DECR_PC_AFTER_BREAK
-Define this to be the amount by which to decrement the PC after the
-program encounters a breakpoint. This is often the number of bytes in
-BREAKPOINT, though not always. For most targets this value will be 0.
-
-@item DECR_PC_AFTER_HW_BREAK
-Similarly, for hardware breakpoints.
-
-@item DISABLE_UNSETTABLE_BREAK addr
-If defined, this should evaluate to 1 if @var{addr} is in a shared
-library in which breakpoints cannot be set and so should be disabled.
-
-@item DO_REGISTERS_INFO
-If defined, use this to print the value of a register or all registers.
-
-@item END_OF_TEXT_DEFAULT
-This is an expression that should designate the end of the text section
-(? FIXME ?)
-
-@item EXTRACT_RETURN_VALUE(type,regbuf,valbuf)
-Define this to extract a function's return value of type @var{type} from
-the raw register state @var{regbuf} and copy that, in virtual format,
-into @var{valbuf}.
-
-@item EXTRACT_STRUCT_VALUE_ADDRESS(regbuf)
-Define this to extract from an array @var{regbuf} containing the (raw)
-register state, the address in which a function should return its
-structure value, as a CORE_ADDR (or an expression that can be used as
-one).
-
-@item FLOAT_INFO
-If defined, then the `info float' command will print information about
-the processor's floating point unit.
-
-@item FP_REGNUM
-The number of the frame pointer register.
-
-@item FRAMELESS_FUNCTION_INVOCATION(fi, frameless)
-Define this to set the variable @var{frameless} to 1 if the function
-invocation represented by @var{fi} does not have a stack frame
-associated with it. Otherwise set it to 0.
-
-@item FRAME_ARGS_ADDRESS_CORRECT
-stack.c
-
-@item FRAME_CHAIN(frame)
-Given @var{frame}, return a pointer to the calling frame.
-
-@item FRAME_CHAIN_COMBINE(chain,frame)
-Define this to take the frame chain pointer and the frame's nominal
-address and produce the nominal address of the caller's frame.
-Presently only defined for HP PA.
-
-@item FRAME_CHAIN_VALID(chain,thisframe)
-
-Define this to be an expression that returns zero if the given frame is
-an outermost frame, with no caller, and nonzero otherwise. Three common
-definitions are available. @code{default_frame_chain_valid} (the
-default) is nonzero if the chain pointer is nonzero and given frame's PC
-is not inside the startup file (such as @file{crt0.o}).
-@code{alternate_frame_chain_valid} is nonzero if the chain pointer is
-nonzero and the given frame's PC is not in @code{main()} or a known
-entry point function (such as @code{_start()}).
-
-@item FRAME_INIT_SAVED_REGS(frame)
-See @file{frame.h}. Determines the address of all registers in the
-current stack frame storing each in @code{frame->saved_regs}. Space for
-@code{frame->saved_regs} shall be allocated by
-@code{FRAME_INIT_SAVED_REGS} using either
-@code{frame_saved_regs_zalloc} or @code{frame_obstack_alloc}.
-
-@var{FRAME_FIND_SAVED_REGS} and @var{EXTRA_FRAME_INFO} are deprecated.
-
-@item FRAME_NUM_ARGS (val, fi)
-For the frame described by @var{fi}, set @var{val} to the number of arguments
-that are being passed.
-
-@item FRAME_SAVED_PC(frame)
-Given @var{frame}, return the pc saved there. That is, the return
-address.
-
-@item FUNCTION_EPILOGUE_SIZE
-For some COFF targets, the @code{x_sym.x_misc.x_fsize} field of the
-function end symbol is 0. For such targets, you must define
-@code{FUNCTION_EPILOGUE_SIZE} to expand into the standard size of a
-function's epilogue.
-
-@item GCC_COMPILED_FLAG_SYMBOL
-@item GCC2_COMPILED_FLAG_SYMBOL
-If defined, these are the names of the symbols that GDB will look for to
-detect that GCC compiled the file. The default symbols are
-@code{gcc_compiled.} and @code{gcc2_compiled.}, respectively. (Currently
-only defined for the Delta 68.)
-
-@item GDB_TARGET_IS_HPPA
-This determines whether horrible kludge code in dbxread.c and
-partial-stab.h is used to mangle multiple-symbol-table files from
-HPPA's. This should all be ripped out, and a scheme like elfread.c
-used.
-
-@item GDB_TARGET_IS_MACH386
-@item GDB_TARGET_IS_SUN3
-@item GDB_TARGET_IS_SUN386
-Kludges that should go away.
-
-@item GET_LONGJMP_TARGET
-For most machines, this is a target-dependent parameter. On the
-DECstation and the Iris, this is a native-dependent parameter, since
-<setjmp.h> is needed to define it.
-
-This macro determines the target PC address that longjmp() will jump to,
-assuming that we have just stopped at a longjmp breakpoint. It takes a
-CORE_ADDR * as argument, and stores the target PC value through this
-pointer. It examines the current state of the machine as needed.
-
-@item GET_SAVED_REGISTER
-Define this if you need to supply your own definition for the function
-@code{get_saved_register}. Currently this is only done for the a29k.
-
-@item HAVE_REGISTER_WINDOWS
-Define this if the target has register windows.
-@item REGISTER_IN_WINDOW_P (regnum)
-Define this to be an expression that is 1 if the given register is in
-the window.
-
-@item IBM6000_TARGET
-Shows that we are configured for an IBM RS/6000 target. This
-conditional should be eliminated (FIXME) and replaced by
-feature-specific macros. It was introduced in haste and we are
-repenting at leisure.
-
-@item IEEE_FLOAT
-Define this if the target system uses IEEE-format floating point numbers.
-
-@item INIT_EXTRA_FRAME_INFO (fromleaf, frame)
-If additional information about the frame is required this should be
-stored in @code{frame->extra_info}. Space for @code{frame->extra_info}
-is allocated using @code{frame_obstack_alloc}.
-
-@item INIT_FRAME_PC (fromleaf, prev)
-This is a C statement that sets the pc of the frame pointed to by
-@var{prev}. [By default...]
-
-@item INNER_THAN (lhs,rhs)
-Returns non-zero if stack address @var{lhs} is inner than (nearer to the
-stack top) stack address @var{rhs}. Define this as @code{lhs < rhs} if
-the target's stack grows downward in memory, or @code{lhs > rsh} if the
-stack grows upward.
-
-@item IN_SIGTRAMP (pc, name)
-Define this to return true if the given @var{pc} and/or @var{name}
-indicates that the current function is a sigtramp.
-
-@item SIGTRAMP_START (pc)
-@item SIGTRAMP_END (pc)
-Define these to be the start and end address of the sigtramp for the
-given @var{pc}. On machines where the address is just a compile time
-constant, the macro expansion will typically just ignore the supplied
-@var{pc}.
-
-@item IN_SOLIB_CALL_TRAMPOLINE pc name
-Define this to evaluate to nonzero if the program is stopped in the
-trampoline that connects to a shared library.
-
-@item IN_SOLIB_RETURN_TRAMPOLINE pc name
-Define this to evaluate to nonzero if the program is stopped in the
-trampoline that returns from a shared library.
-
-@item IS_TRAPPED_INTERNALVAR (name)
-This is an ugly hook to allow the specification of special actions that
-should occur as a side-effect of setting the value of a variable
-internal to GDB. Currently only used by the h8500. Note that this
-could be either a host or target conditional.
-
-@item NEED_TEXT_START_END
-Define this if GDB should determine the start and end addresses of the
-text section. (Seems dubious.)
-
-@item NO_HIF_SUPPORT
-(Specific to the a29k.)
-
-@item SOFTWARE_SINGLE_STEP_P
-Define this as 1 if the target does not have a hardware single-step
-mechanism. The macro @code{SOFTWARE_SINGLE_STEP} must also be defined.
-
-@item SOFTWARE_SINGLE_STEP(signal,insert_breapoints_p)
-A function that inserts or removes (dependant on
-@var{insert_breapoints_p}) breakpoints at each possible destinations of
-the next instruction. See @code{sparc-tdep.c} and @code{rs6000-tdep.c}
-for examples.
-
-@item PCC_SOL_BROKEN
-(Used only in the Convex target.)
-
-@item PC_IN_CALL_DUMMY
-inferior.h
-
-@item PC_LOAD_SEGMENT
-If defined, print information about the load segment for the program
-counter. (Defined only for the RS/6000.)
-
-@item PC_REGNUM
-If the program counter is kept in a register, then define this macro to
-be the number of that register. This need be defined only if
-@code{TARGET_WRITE_PC} is not defined.
-
-@item NPC_REGNUM
-The number of the ``next program counter'' register, if defined.
-
-@item NNPC_REGNUM
-The number of the ``next next program counter'' register, if defined.
-Currently, this is only defined for the Motorola 88K.
-
-@item PRINT_REGISTER_HOOK (regno)
-If defined, this must be a function that prints the contents of the
-given register to standard output.
-
-@item PRINT_TYPELESS_INTEGER
-This is an obscure substitute for @code{print_longest} that seems to
-have been defined for the Convex target.
-
-@item PROCESS_LINENUMBER_HOOK
-A hook defined for XCOFF reading.
-
-@item PROLOGUE_FIRSTLINE_OVERLAP
-(Only used in unsupported Convex configuration.)
-
-@item PS_REGNUM
-If defined, this is the number of the processor status register. (This
-definition is only used in generic code when parsing "$ps".)
-
-@item POP_FRAME
-Used in @samp{call_function_by_hand} to remove an artificial stack
-frame.
-
-@item PUSH_ARGUMENTS (nargs, args, sp, struct_return, struct_addr)
-Define this to push arguments onto the stack for inferior function call.
-
-@item PUSH_DUMMY_FRAME
-Used in @samp{call_function_by_hand} to create an artificial stack frame.
-
-@item REGISTER_BYTES
-The total amount of space needed to store GDB's copy of the machine's
-register state.
-
-@item REGISTER_NAME(i)
-Return the name of register @var{i} as a string. May return @var{NULL}
-or @var{NUL} to indicate that register @var{i} is not valid.
-
-@item REG_STRUCT_HAS_ADDR (gcc_p, type)
-Define this to return 1 if the given type will be passed by pointer
-rather than directly.
-
-@item SDB_REG_TO_REGNUM
-Define this to convert sdb register numbers into GDB regnums. If not
-defined, no conversion will be done.
-
-@item SHIFT_INST_REGS
-(Only used for m88k targets.)
-
-@item SKIP_PROLOGUE (pc)
-A C statement that advances the @var{pc} across any function entry
-prologue instructions so as to reach ``real'' code.
-
-@item SKIP_PROLOGUE_FRAMELESS_P
-A C statement that should behave similarly, but that can stop as soon as
-the function is known to have a frame. If not defined,
-@code{SKIP_PROLOGUE} will be used instead.
-
-@item SKIP_TRAMPOLINE_CODE (pc)
-If the target machine has trampoline code that sits between callers and
-the functions being called, then define this macro to return a new PC
-that is at the start of the real function.
-
-@item SP_REGNUM
-Define this to be the number of the register that serves as the stack
-pointer.
-
-@item STAB_REG_TO_REGNUM
-Define this to convert stab register numbers (as gotten from `r'
-declarations) into GDB regnums. If not defined, no conversion will be
-done.
-
-@item STACK_ALIGN (addr)
-Define this to adjust the address to the alignment required for the
-processor's stack.
-
-@item STEP_SKIPS_DELAY (addr)
-Define this to return true if the address is of an instruction with a
-delay slot. If a breakpoint has been placed in the instruction's delay
-slot, GDB will single-step over that instruction before resuming
-normally. Currently only defined for the Mips.
-
-@item STORE_RETURN_VALUE (type, valbuf)
-A C expression that stores a function return value of type @var{type},
-where @var{valbuf} is the address of the value to be stored.
-
-@item SUN_FIXED_LBRAC_BUG
-(Used only for Sun-3 and Sun-4 targets.)
-
-@item SYMBOL_RELOADING_DEFAULT
-The default value of the `symbol-reloading' variable. (Never defined in
-current sources.)
-
-@item TARGET_BYTE_ORDER_DEFAULT
-The ordering of bytes in the target. This must be either
-@code{BIG_ENDIAN} or @code{LITTLE_ENDIAN}. This macro replaces
-@var{TARGET_BYTE_ORDER} which is deprecated.
-
-@item TARGET_BYTE_ORDER_SELECTABLE_P
-Non-zero if the target has both @code{BIG_ENDIAN} and
-@code{LITTLE_ENDIAN} variants. This macro replaces
-@var{TARGET_BYTE_ORDER_SELECTABLE} which is deprecated.
-
-@item TARGET_CHAR_BIT
-Number of bits in a char; defaults to 8.
-
-@item TARGET_COMPLEX_BIT
-Number of bits in a complex number; defaults to @code{2 * TARGET_FLOAT_BIT}.
-
-@item TARGET_DOUBLE_BIT
-Number of bits in a double float; defaults to @code{8 * TARGET_CHAR_BIT}.
-
-@item TARGET_DOUBLE_COMPLEX_BIT
-Number of bits in a double complex; defaults to @code{2 * TARGET_DOUBLE_BIT}.
-
-@item TARGET_FLOAT_BIT
-Number of bits in a float; defaults to @code{4 * TARGET_CHAR_BIT}.
-
-@item TARGET_INT_BIT
-Number of bits in an integer; defaults to @code{4 * TARGET_CHAR_BIT}.
-
-@item TARGET_LONG_BIT
-Number of bits in a long integer; defaults to @code{4 * TARGET_CHAR_BIT}.
-
-@item TARGET_LONG_DOUBLE_BIT
-Number of bits in a long double float;
-defaults to @code{2 * TARGET_DOUBLE_BIT}.
-
-@item TARGET_LONG_LONG_BIT
-Number of bits in a long long integer; defaults to @code{2 * TARGET_LONG_BIT}.
-
-@item TARGET_PTR_BIT
-Number of bits in a pointer; defaults to @code{TARGET_INT_BIT}.
-
-@item TARGET_SHORT_BIT
-Number of bits in a short integer; defaults to @code{2 * TARGET_CHAR_BIT}.
-
-@item TARGET_READ_PC
-@item TARGET_WRITE_PC (val, pid)
-@item TARGET_READ_SP
-@item TARGET_WRITE_SP
-@item TARGET_READ_FP
-@item TARGET_WRITE_FP
-These change the behavior of @code{read_pc}, @code{write_pc},
-@code{read_sp}, @code{write_sp}, @code{read_fp} and @code{write_fp}.
-For most targets, these may be left undefined. GDB will call the read
-and write register functions with the relevant @code{_REGNUM} argument.
-
-These macros are useful when a target keeps one of these registers in a
-hard to get at place; for example, part in a segment register and part
-in an ordinary register.
-
-@item TARGET_VIRTUAL_FRAME_POINTER(pc,regp,offsetp)
-Returns a @code{(register, offset)} pair representing the virtual
-frame pointer in use at the code address @code{"pc"}. If virtual
-frame pointers are not used, a default definition simply returns
-@code{FP_REGNUM}, with an offset of zero.
-
-@item USE_STRUCT_CONVENTION (gcc_p, type)
-If defined, this must be an expression that is nonzero if a value of the
-given @var{type} being returned from a function must have space
-allocated for it on the stack. @var{gcc_p} is true if the function
-being considered is known to have been compiled by GCC; this is helpful
-for systems where GCC is known to use different calling convention than
-other compilers.
-
-@item VARIABLES_INSIDE_BLOCK (desc, gcc_p)
-For dbx-style debugging information, if the compiler puts variable
-declarations inside LBRAC/RBRAC blocks, this should be defined to be
-nonzero. @var{desc} is the value of @code{n_desc} from the
-@code{N_RBRAC} symbol, and @var{gcc_p} is true if GDB has noticed the
-presence of either the @code{GCC_COMPILED_SYMBOL} or the
-@code{GCC2_COMPILED_SYMBOL}. By default, this is 0.
-
-@item OS9K_VARIABLES_INSIDE_BLOCK (desc, gcc_p)
-Similarly, for OS/9000. Defaults to 1.
-
-@end table
-
-Motorola M68K target conditionals.
-
-@table @code
-
-@item BPT_VECTOR
-Define this to be the 4-bit location of the breakpoint trap vector. If
-not defined, it will default to @code{0xf}.
-
-@item REMOTE_BPT_VECTOR
-Defaults to @code{1}.
-
-@end table
-
-@section Adding a New Target
-
-The following files define a target to GDB:
-
-@table @file
-
-@item gdb/config/@var{arch}/@var{ttt}.mt
-Contains a Makefile fragment specific to this target. Specifies what
-object files are needed for target @var{ttt}, by defining
-@samp{TDEPFILES=@dots{}}. Also specifies the header file which
-describes @var{ttt}, by defining @samp{TM_FILE= tm-@var{ttt}.h}. You
-can also define @samp{TM_CFLAGS}, @samp{TM_CLIBS}, @samp{TM_CDEPS}, but
-these are now deprecated and may go away in future versions of GDB.
-
-@item gdb/config/@var{arch}/tm-@var{ttt}.h
-(@file{tm.h} is a link to this file, created by configure). Contains
-macro definitions about the target machine's registers, stack frame
-format and instructions.
-
-@item gdb/@var{ttt}-tdep.c
-Contains any miscellaneous code required for this target machine. On
-some machines it doesn't exist at all. Sometimes the macros in
-@file{tm-@var{ttt}.h} become very complicated, so they are implemented
-as functions here instead, and the macro is simply defined to call the
-function. This is vastly preferable, since it is easier to understand
-and debug.
-
-@item gdb/config/@var{arch}/tm-@var{arch}.h
-This often exists to describe the basic layout of the target machine's
-processor chip (registers, stack, etc). If used, it is included by
-@file{tm-@var{ttt}.h}. It can be shared among many targets that use the
-same processor.
-
-@item gdb/@var{arch}-tdep.c
-Similarly, there are often common subroutines that are shared by all
-target machines that use this particular architecture.
-
-@end table
-
-If you are adding a new operating system for an existing CPU chip, add a
-@file{config/tm-@var{os}.h} file that describes the operating system
-facilities that are unusual (extra symbol table info; the breakpoint
-instruction needed; etc). Then write a @file{@var{arch}/tm-@var{os}.h}
-that just @code{#include}s @file{tm-@var{arch}.h} and
-@file{config/tm-@var{os}.h}.
-
-
-@node Target Vector Definition
-
-@chapter Target Vector Definition
-
-The target vector defines the interface between GDB's abstract handling
-of target systems, and the nitty-gritty code that actually exercises
-control over a process or a serial port. GDB includes some 30-40
-different target vectors; however, each configuration of GDB includes
-only a few of them.
-
-@section File Targets
-
-Both executables and core files have target vectors.
-
-@section Standard Protocol and Remote Stubs
-
-GDB's file @file{remote.c} talks a serial protocol to code that runs in
-the target system. GDB provides several sample ``stubs'' that can be
-integrated into target programs or operating systems for this purpose;
-they are named @file{*-stub.c}.
-
-The GDB user's manual describes how to put such a stub into your target
-code. What follows is a discussion of integrating the SPARC stub into a
-complicated operating system (rather than a simple program), by Stu
-Grossman, the author of this stub.
-
-The trap handling code in the stub assumes the following upon entry to
-trap_low:
-
-@enumerate
-
-@item %l1 and %l2 contain pc and npc respectively at the time of the trap
-
-@item traps are disabled
-
-@item you are in the correct trap window
-
-@end enumerate
-
-As long as your trap handler can guarantee those conditions, then there
-is no reason why you shouldn't be able to `share' traps with the stub.
-The stub has no requirement that it be jumped to directly from the
-hardware trap vector. That is why it calls @code{exceptionHandler()},
-which is provided by the external environment. For instance, this could
-setup the hardware traps to actually execute code which calls the stub
-first, and then transfers to its own trap handler.
-
-For the most point, there probably won't be much of an issue with
-`sharing' traps, as the traps we use are usually not used by the kernel,
-and often indicate unrecoverable error conditions. Anyway, this is all
-controlled by a table, and is trivial to modify. The most important
-trap for us is for @code{ta 1}. Without that, we can't single step or
-do breakpoints. Everything else is unnecessary for the proper operation
-of the debugger/stub.
-
-From reading the stub, it's probably not obvious how breakpoints work.
-They are simply done by deposit/examine operations from GDB.
-
-@section ROM Monitor Interface
-
-@section Custom Protocols
-
-@section Transport Layer
-
-@section Builtin Simulator
-
-
-@node Native Debugging
-
-@chapter Native Debugging
-
-Several files control GDB's configuration for native support:
-
-@table @file
-
-@item gdb/config/@var{arch}/@var{xyz}.mh
-Specifies Makefile fragments needed when hosting @emph{or native} on
-machine @var{xyz}. In particular, this lists the required
-native-dependent object files, by defining @samp{NATDEPFILES=@dots{}}.
-Also specifies the header file which describes native support on
-@var{xyz}, by defining @samp{NAT_FILE= nm-@var{xyz}.h}. You can also
-define @samp{NAT_CFLAGS}, @samp{NAT_ADD_FILES}, @samp{NAT_CLIBS},
-@samp{NAT_CDEPS}, etc.; see @file{Makefile.in}.
-
-@item gdb/config/@var{arch}/nm-@var{xyz}.h
-(@file{nm.h} is a link to this file, created by configure). Contains C
-macro definitions describing the native system environment, such as
-child process control and core file support.
-
-@item gdb/@var{xyz}-nat.c
-Contains any miscellaneous C code required for this native support of
-this machine. On some machines it doesn't exist at all.
-
-@end table
-
-There are some ``generic'' versions of routines that can be used by
-various systems. These can be customized in various ways by macros
-defined in your @file{nm-@var{xyz}.h} file. If these routines work for
-the @var{xyz} host, you can just include the generic file's name (with
-@samp{.o}, not @samp{.c}) in @code{NATDEPFILES}.
-
-Otherwise, if your machine needs custom support routines, you will need
-to write routines that perform the same functions as the generic file.
-Put them into @code{@var{xyz}-nat.c}, and put @code{@var{xyz}-nat.o}
-into @code{NATDEPFILES}.
-
-@table @file
-
-@item inftarg.c
-This contains the @emph{target_ops vector} that supports Unix child
-processes on systems which use ptrace and wait to control the child.
-
-@item procfs.c
-This contains the @emph{target_ops vector} that supports Unix child
-processes on systems which use /proc to control the child.
-
-@item fork-child.c
-This does the low-level grunge that uses Unix system calls to do a "fork
-and exec" to start up a child process.
-
-@item infptrace.c
-This is the low level interface to inferior processes for systems using
-the Unix @code{ptrace} call in a vanilla way.
-
-@end table
-
-@section Native core file Support
-
-@table @file
-
-@item core-aout.c::fetch_core_registers()
-Support for reading registers out of a core file. This routine calls
-@code{register_addr()}, see below. Now that BFD is used to read core
-files, virtually all machines should use @code{core-aout.c}, and should
-just provide @code{fetch_core_registers} in @code{@var{xyz}-nat.c} (or
-@code{REGISTER_U_ADDR} in @code{nm-@var{xyz}.h}).
-
-@item core-aout.c::register_addr()
-If your @code{nm-@var{xyz}.h} file defines the macro
-@code{REGISTER_U_ADDR(addr, blockend, regno)}, it should be defined to
-set @code{addr} to the offset within the @samp{user} struct of GDB
-register number @code{regno}. @code{blockend} is the offset within the
-``upage'' of @code{u.u_ar0}. If @code{REGISTER_U_ADDR} is defined,
-@file{core-aout.c} will define the @code{register_addr()} function and
-use the macro in it. If you do not define @code{REGISTER_U_ADDR}, but
-you are using the standard @code{fetch_core_registers()}, you will need
-to define your own version of @code{register_addr()}, put it into your
-@code{@var{xyz}-nat.c} file, and be sure @code{@var{xyz}-nat.o} is in
-the @code{NATDEPFILES} list. If you have your own
-@code{fetch_core_registers()}, you may not need a separate
-@code{register_addr()}. Many custom @code{fetch_core_registers()}
-implementations simply locate the registers themselves.@refill
-
-@end table
-
-When making GDB run native on a new operating system, to make it
-possible to debug core files, you will need to either write specific
-code for parsing your OS's core files, or customize
-@file{bfd/trad-core.c}. First, use whatever @code{#include} files your
-machine uses to define the struct of registers that is accessible
-(possibly in the u-area) in a core file (rather than
-@file{machine/reg.h}), and an include file that defines whatever header
-exists on a core file (e.g. the u-area or a @samp{struct core}). Then
-modify @code{trad_unix_core_file_p()} to use these values to set up the
-section information for the data segment, stack segment, any other
-segments in the core file (perhaps shared library contents or control
-information), ``registers'' segment, and if there are two discontiguous
-sets of registers (e.g. integer and float), the ``reg2'' segment. This
-section information basically delimits areas in the core file in a
-standard way, which the section-reading routines in BFD know how to seek
-around in.
-
-Then back in GDB, you need a matching routine called
-@code{fetch_core_registers()}. If you can use the generic one, it's in
-@file{core-aout.c}; if not, it's in your @file{@var{xyz}-nat.c} file.
-It will be passed a char pointer to the entire ``registers'' segment,
-its length, and a zero; or a char pointer to the entire ``regs2''
-segment, its length, and a 2. The routine should suck out the supplied
-register values and install them into GDB's ``registers'' array.
-
-If your system uses @file{/proc} to control processes, and uses ELF
-format core files, then you may be able to use the same routines for
-reading the registers out of processes and out of core files.
-
-@section ptrace
-
-@section /proc
-
-@section win32
-
-@section shared libraries
-
-@section Native Conditionals
-
-When GDB is configured and compiled, various macros are defined or left
-undefined, to control compilation when the host and target systems are
-the same. These macros should be defined (or left undefined) in
-@file{nm-@var{system}.h}.
-
-@table @code
-
-@item ATTACH_DETACH
-If defined, then GDB will include support for the @code{attach} and
-@code{detach} commands.
-
-@item CHILD_PREPARE_TO_STORE
-If the machine stores all registers at once in the child process, then
-define this to ensure that all values are correct. This usually entails
-a read from the child.
-
-[Note that this is incorrectly defined in @file{xm-@var{system}.h} files
-currently.]
-
-@item FETCH_INFERIOR_REGISTERS
-Define this if the native-dependent code will provide its own routines
-@code{fetch_inferior_registers} and @code{store_inferior_registers} in
-@file{@var{HOST}-nat.c}. If this symbol is @emph{not} defined, and
-@file{infptrace.c} is included in this configuration, the default
-routines in @file{infptrace.c} are used for these functions.
-
-@item FILES_INFO_HOOK
-(Only defined for Convex.)
-
-@item FP0_REGNUM
-This macro is normally defined to be the number of the first floating
-point register, if the machine has such registers. As such, it would
-appear only in target-specific code. However, /proc support uses this
-to decide whether floats are in use on this target.
-
-@item GET_LONGJMP_TARGET
-For most machines, this is a target-dependent parameter. On the
-DECstation and the Iris, this is a native-dependent parameter, since
-<setjmp.h> is needed to define it.
-
-This macro determines the target PC address that longjmp() will jump to,
-assuming that we have just stopped at a longjmp breakpoint. It takes a
-CORE_ADDR * as argument, and stores the target PC value through this
-pointer. It examines the current state of the machine as needed.
-
-@item KERNEL_U_ADDR
-Define this to the address of the @code{u} structure (the ``user
-struct'', also known as the ``u-page'') in kernel virtual memory. GDB
-needs to know this so that it can subtract this address from absolute
-addresses in the upage, that are obtained via ptrace or from core files.
-On systems that don't need this value, set it to zero.
-
-@item KERNEL_U_ADDR_BSD
-Define this to cause GDB to determine the address of @code{u} at
-runtime, by using Berkeley-style @code{nlist} on the kernel's image in
-the root directory.
-
-@item KERNEL_U_ADDR_HPUX
-Define this to cause GDB to determine the address of @code{u} at
-runtime, by using HP-style @code{nlist} on the kernel's image in the
-root directory.
-
-@item ONE_PROCESS_WRITETEXT
-Define this to be able to, when a breakpoint insertion fails, warn the
-user that another process may be running with the same executable.
-
-@item PROC_NAME_FMT
-Defines the format for the name of a @file{/proc} device. Should be
-defined in @file{nm.h} @emph{only} in order to override the default
-definition in @file{procfs.c}.
-
-@item PTRACE_FP_BUG
-mach386-xdep.c
-
-@item PTRACE_ARG3_TYPE
-The type of the third argument to the @code{ptrace} system call, if it
-exists and is different from @code{int}.
-
-@item REGISTER_U_ADDR
-Defines the offset of the registers in the ``u area''.
-
-@item SHELL_COMMAND_CONCAT
-If defined, is a string to prefix on the shell command used to start the
-inferior.
-
-@item SHELL_FILE
-If defined, this is the name of the shell to use to run the inferior.
-Defaults to @code{"/bin/sh"}.
-
-@item SOLIB_ADD (filename, from_tty, targ)
-Define this to expand into an expression that will cause the symbols in
-@var{filename} to be added to GDB's symbol table.
-
-@item SOLIB_CREATE_INFERIOR_HOOK
-Define this to expand into any shared-library-relocation code that you
-want to be run just after the child process has been forked.
-
-@item START_INFERIOR_TRAPS_EXPECTED
-When starting an inferior, GDB normally expects to trap twice; once when
-the shell execs, and once when the program itself execs. If the actual
-number of traps is something other than 2, then define this macro to
-expand into the number expected.
-
-@item SVR4_SHARED_LIBS
-Define this to indicate that SVR4-style shared libraries are in use.
-
-@item USE_PROC_FS
-This determines whether small routines in @file{*-tdep.c}, which
-translate register values between GDB's internal representation and the
-/proc representation, are compiled.
-
-@item U_REGS_OFFSET
-This is the offset of the registers in the upage. It need only be
-defined if the generic ptrace register access routines in
-@file{infptrace.c} are being used (that is, @file{infptrace.c} is
-configured in, and @code{FETCH_INFERIOR_REGISTERS} is not defined). If
-the default value from @file{infptrace.c} is good enough, leave it
-undefined.
-
-The default value means that u.u_ar0 @emph{points to} the location of
-the registers. I'm guessing that @code{#define U_REGS_OFFSET 0} means
-that u.u_ar0 @emph{is} the location of the registers.
-
-@item CLEAR_SOLIB
-objfiles.c
-
-@item DEBUG_PTRACE
-Define this to debug ptrace calls.
-
-@end table
-
-
-@node Support Libraries
-
-@chapter Support Libraries
-
-@section BFD
-
-BFD provides support for GDB in several ways:
-
-@table @emph
-
-@item identifying executable and core files
-BFD will identify a variety of file types, including a.out, coff, and
-several variants thereof, as well as several kinds of core files.
-
-@item access to sections of files
-BFD parses the file headers to determine the names, virtual addresses,
-sizes, and file locations of all the various named sections in files
-(such as the text section or the data section). GDB simply calls BFD to
-read or write section X at byte offset Y for length Z.
-
-@item specialized core file support
-BFD provides routines to determine the failing command name stored in a
-core file, the signal with which the program failed, and whether a core
-file matches (i.e. could be a core dump of) a particular executable
-file.
-
-@item locating the symbol information
-GDB uses an internal interface of BFD to determine where to find the
-symbol information in an executable file or symbol-file. GDB itself
-handles the reading of symbols, since BFD does not ``understand'' debug
-symbols, but GDB uses BFD's cached information to find the symbols,
-string table, etc.
-
-@end table
-
-@section opcodes
-
-The opcodes library provides GDB's disassembler. (It's a separate
-library because it's also used in binutils, for @file{objdump}).
-
-@section readline
-
-@section mmalloc
-
-@section libiberty
-
-@section gnu-regex
-
-Regex conditionals.
-
-@table @code
-
-@item C_ALLOCA
-
-@item NFAILURES
-
-@item RE_NREGS
-
-@item SIGN_EXTEND_CHAR
-
-@item SWITCH_ENUM_BUG
-
-@item SYNTAX_TABLE
-
-@item Sword
-
-@item sparc
-
-@end table
-
-@section include
-
-@node Coding
-
-@chapter Coding
-
-This chapter covers topics that are lower-level than the major
-algorithms of GDB.
-
-@section Cleanups
-
-Cleanups are a structured way to deal with things that need to be done
-later. When your code does something (like @code{malloc} some memory,
-or open a file) that needs to be undone later (e.g. free the memory or
-close the file), it can make a cleanup. The cleanup will be done at
-some future point: when the command is finished, when an error occurs,
-or when your code decides it's time to do cleanups.
-
-You can also discard cleanups, that is, throw them away without doing
-what they say. This is only done if you ask that it be done.
-
-Syntax:
-
-@table @code
-
-@item struct cleanup *@var{old_chain};
-Declare a variable which will hold a cleanup chain handle.
-
-@item @var{old_chain} = make_cleanup (@var{function}, @var{arg});
-Make a cleanup which will cause @var{function} to be called with
-@var{arg} (a @code{char *}) later. The result, @var{old_chain}, is a
-handle that can be passed to @code{do_cleanups} or
-@code{discard_cleanups} later. Unless you are going to call
-@code{do_cleanups} or @code{discard_cleanups} yourself, you can ignore
-the result from @code{make_cleanup}.
-
-@item do_cleanups (@var{old_chain});
-Perform all cleanups done since @code{make_cleanup} returned
-@var{old_chain}. E.g.:
-@example
-make_cleanup (a, 0);
-old = make_cleanup (b, 0);
-do_cleanups (old);
-@end example
-@noindent
-will call @code{b()} but will not call @code{a()}. The cleanup that
-calls @code{a()} will remain in the cleanup chain, and will be done
-later unless otherwise discarded.@refill
-
-@item discard_cleanups (@var{old_chain});
-Same as @code{do_cleanups} except that it just removes the cleanups from
-the chain and does not call the specified functions.
-
-@end table
-
-Some functions, e.g. @code{fputs_filtered()} or @code{error()}, specify
-that they ``should not be called when cleanups are not in place''. This
-means that any actions you need to reverse in the case of an error or
-interruption must be on the cleanup chain before you call these
-functions, since they might never return to your code (they
-@samp{longjmp} instead).
-
-@section Wrapping Output Lines
-
-Output that goes through @code{printf_filtered} or @code{fputs_filtered}
-or @code{fputs_demangled} needs only to have calls to @code{wrap_here}
-added in places that would be good breaking points. The utility
-routines will take care of actually wrapping if the line width is
-exceeded.
-
-The argument to @code{wrap_here} is an indentation string which is
-printed @emph{only} if the line breaks there. This argument is saved
-away and used later. It must remain valid until the next call to
-@code{wrap_here} or until a newline has been printed through the
-@code{*_filtered} functions. Don't pass in a local variable and then
-return!
-
-It is usually best to call @code{wrap_here()} after printing a comma or
-space. If you call it before printing a space, make sure that your
-indentation properly accounts for the leading space that will print if
-the line wraps there.
-
-Any function or set of functions that produce filtered output must
-finish by printing a newline, to flush the wrap buffer, before switching
-to unfiltered (``@code{printf}'') output. Symbol reading routines that
-print warnings are a good example.
-
-@section GDB Coding Standards
-
-GDB follows the GNU coding standards, as described in
-@file{etc/standards.texi}. This file is also available for anonymous
-FTP from GNU archive sites. GDB takes a strict interpretation of the
-standard; in general, when the GNU standard recommends a practice but
-does not require it, GDB requires it.
-
-GDB follows an additional set of coding standards specific to GDB,
-as described in the following sections.
-
-You can configure with @samp{--enable-build-warnings} to get GCC to
-check on a number of these rules. GDB sources ought not to engender any
-complaints, unless they are caused by bogus host systems. (The exact
-set of enabled warnings is currently @samp{-Wall -Wpointer-arith
--Wstrict-prototypes -Wmissing-prototypes -Wmissing-declarations}.
-
-@subsection Formatting
-
-The standard GNU recommendations for formatting must be followed
-strictly.
-
-Note that while in a definition, the function's name must be in column
-zero, in a function declaration, the name must be on the same line as
-the return type.
-
-In addition, there must be a space between a function or macro name and
-the opening parenthesis of its argument list (except for macro
-definitions, as required by C). There must not be a space after an open
-paren/bracket or before a close paren/bracket.
-
-While additional whitespace is generally helpful for reading, do not use
-more than one blank line to separate blocks, and avoid adding whitespace
-after the end of a program line (as of 1/99, some 600 lines had whitespace
-after the semicolon). Excess whitespace causes difficulties for diff and
-patch.
-
-@subsection Comments
-
-The standard GNU requirements on comments must be followed strictly.
-
-Block comments must appear in the following form, with no `/*'- or
-'*/'-only lines, and no leading `*':
-
-@example @code
-/* Wait for control to return from inferior to debugger. If inferior
- gets a signal, we may decide to start it up again instead of
- returning. That is why there is a loop in this function. When
- this function actually returns it means the inferior should be left
- stopped and GDB should read more commands. */
-@end example
-
-(Note that this format is encouraged by Emacs; tabbing for a multi-line
-comment works correctly, and M-Q fills the block consistently.)
-
-Put a blank line between the block comments preceding function or
-variable definitions, and the definition itself.
-
-In general, put function-body comments on lines by themselves, rather
-than trying to fit them into the 20 characters left at the end of a
-line, since either the comment or the code will inevitably get longer
-than will fit, and then somebody will have to move it anyhow.
-
-@subsection C Usage
-
-Code must not depend on the sizes of C data types, the format of the
-host's floating point numbers, the alignment of anything, or the order
-of evaluation of expressions.
-
-Use functions freely. There are only a handful of compute-bound areas
-in GDB that might be affected by the overhead of a function call, mainly
-in symbol reading. Most of GDB's performance is limited by the target
-interface (whether serial line or system call).
-
-However, use functions with moderation. A thousand one-line functions
-are just as hard to understand as one thousand-line function.
-
-@subsection Function Prototypes
-
-Prototypes must be used to @emph{declare} functions but never to
-@emph{define} them. Prototypes for GDB functions must include both the
-argument type and name, with the name matching that used in the actual
-function definition.
-
-For the sake of compatibility with pre-ANSI compilers, define prototypes
-with the @code{PARAMS} macro:
-
-@example @code
-extern int memory_remove_breakpoint PARAMS ((CORE_ADDR addr,
- char *contents_cache));
-@end example
-
-Note the double parentheses around the parameter types. This allows an
-arbitrary number of parameters to be described, without freaking out the
-C preprocessor. When the function has no parameters, it should be
-described like:
-
-@example @code
-extern void noprocess PARAMS ((void));
-@end example
-
-The @code{PARAMS} macro expands to its argument in ANSI C, or to a
-simple @code{()} in traditional C.
-
-All external functions should have a @code{PARAMS} declaration in a
-header file that callers include, except for @code{_initialize_*}
-functions, which must be external so that @file{init.c} construction
-works, but shouldn't be visible to random source files.
-
-All static functions must be declared in a block near the top of the
-source file.
-
-@subsection Clean Design
-
-In addition to getting the syntax right, there's the little question of
-semantics. Some things are done in certain ways in GDB because long
-experience has shown that the more obvious ways caused various kinds of
-trouble.
-
-You can't assume the byte order of anything that comes from a target
-(including @var{value}s, object files, and instructions). Such things
-must be byte-swapped using @code{SWAP_TARGET_AND_HOST} in GDB, or one of
-the swap routines defined in @file{bfd.h}, such as @code{bfd_get_32}.
-
-You can't assume that you know what interface is being used to talk to
-the target system. All references to the target must go through the
-current @code{target_ops} vector.
-
-You can't assume that the host and target machines are the same machine
-(except in the ``native'' support modules). In particular, you can't
-assume that the target machine's header files will be available on the
-host machine. Target code must bring along its own header files --
-written from scratch or explicitly donated by their owner, to avoid
-copyright problems.
-
-Insertion of new @code{#ifdef}'s will be frowned upon. It's much better
-to write the code portably than to conditionalize it for various
-systems.
-
-New @code{#ifdef}'s which test for specific compilers or manufacturers
-or operating systems are unacceptable. All @code{#ifdef}'s should test
-for features. The information about which configurations contain which
-features should be segregated into the configuration files. Experience
-has proven far too often that a feature unique to one particular system
-often creeps into other systems; and that a conditional based on some
-predefined macro for your current system will become worthless over
-time, as new versions of your system come out that behave differently
-with regard to this feature.
-
-Adding code that handles specific architectures, operating systems,
-target interfaces, or hosts, is not acceptable in generic code. If a
-hook is needed at that point, invent a generic hook and define it for
-your configuration, with something like:
-
-@example
-#ifdef WRANGLE_SIGNALS
- WRANGLE_SIGNALS (signo);
-#endif
-@end example
-
-In your host, target, or native configuration file, as appropriate,
-define @code{WRANGLE_SIGNALS} to do the machine-dependent thing. Take a
-bit of care in defining the hook, so that it can be used by other ports
-in the future, if they need a hook in the same place.
-
-If the hook is not defined, the code should do whatever "most" machines
-want. Using @code{#ifdef}, as above, is the preferred way to do this,
-but sometimes that gets convoluted, in which case use
-
-@example
-#ifndef SPECIAL_FOO_HANDLING
-#define SPECIAL_FOO_HANDLING(pc, sp) (0)
-#endif
-@end example
-
-where the macro is used or in an appropriate header file.
-
-Whether to include a @dfn{small} hook, a hook around the exact pieces of
-code which are system-dependent, or whether to replace a whole function
-with a hook depends on the case. A good example of this dilemma can be
-found in @code{get_saved_register}. All machines that GDB 2.8 ran on
-just needed the @code{FRAME_FIND_SAVED_REGS} hook to find the saved
-registers. Then the SPARC and Pyramid came along, and
-@code{HAVE_REGISTER_WINDOWS} and @code{REGISTER_IN_WINDOW_P} were
-introduced. Then the 29k and 88k required the @code{GET_SAVED_REGISTER}
-hook. The first three are examples of small hooks; the latter replaces
-a whole function. In this specific case, it is useful to have both
-kinds; it would be a bad idea to replace all the uses of the small hooks
-with @code{GET_SAVED_REGISTER}, since that would result in much
-duplicated code. Other times, duplicating a few lines of code here or
-there is much cleaner than introducing a large number of small hooks.
-
-Another way to generalize GDB along a particular interface is with an
-attribute struct. For example, GDB has been generalized to handle
-multiple kinds of remote interfaces -- not by #ifdef's everywhere, but
-by defining the "target_ops" structure and having a current target (as
-well as a stack of targets below it, for memory references). Whenever
-something needs to be done that depends on which remote interface we are
-using, a flag in the current target_ops structure is tested (e.g.
-`target_has_stack'), or a function is called through a pointer in the
-current target_ops structure. In this way, when a new remote interface
-is added, only one module needs to be touched -- the one that actually
-implements the new remote interface. Other examples of
-attribute-structs are BFD access to multiple kinds of object file
-formats, or GDB's access to multiple source languages.
-
-Please avoid duplicating code. For example, in GDB 3.x all the code
-interfacing between @code{ptrace} and the rest of GDB was duplicated in
-@file{*-dep.c}, and so changing something was very painful. In GDB 4.x,
-these have all been consolidated into @file{infptrace.c}.
-@file{infptrace.c} can deal with variations between systems the same way
-any system-independent file would (hooks, #if defined, etc.), and
-machines which are radically different don't need to use infptrace.c at
-all.
-
-
-@node Porting GDB
-
-@chapter Porting GDB
-
-Most of the work in making GDB compile on a new machine is in specifying
-the configuration of the machine. This is done in a dizzying variety of
-header files and configuration scripts, which we hope to make more
-sensible soon. Let's say your new host is called an @var{xyz} (e.g.
-@samp{sun4}), and its full three-part configuration name is
-@code{@var{arch}-@var{xvend}-@var{xos}} (e.g. @samp{sparc-sun-sunos4}).
-In particular:
-
-In the top level directory, edit @file{config.sub} and add @var{arch},
-@var{xvend}, and @var{xos} to the lists of supported architectures,
-vendors, and operating systems near the bottom of the file. Also, add
-@var{xyz} as an alias that maps to
-@code{@var{arch}-@var{xvend}-@var{xos}}. You can test your changes by
-running
-
-@example
-./config.sub @var{xyz}
-@end example
-@noindent
-and
-@example
-./config.sub @code{@var{arch}-@var{xvend}-@var{xos}}
-@end example
-@noindent
-which should both respond with @code{@var{arch}-@var{xvend}-@var{xos}}
-and no error messages.
-
-You need to port BFD, if that hasn't been done already. Porting BFD is
-beyond the scope of this manual.
-
-To configure GDB itself, edit @file{gdb/configure.host} to recognize
-your system and set @code{gdb_host} to @var{xyz}, and (unless your
-desired target is already available) also edit @file{gdb/configure.tgt},
-setting @code{gdb_target} to something appropriate (for instance,
-@var{xyz}).
-
-Finally, you'll need to specify and define GDB's host-, native-, and
-target-dependent @file{.h} and @file{.c} files used for your
-configuration.
-
-@section Configuring GDB for Release
-
-From the top level directory (containing @file{gdb}, @file{bfd},
-@file{libiberty}, and so on):
-@example
-make -f Makefile.in gdb.tar.gz
-@end example
-
-This will properly configure, clean, rebuild any files that are
-distributed pre-built (e.g. @file{c-exp.tab.c} or @file{refcard.ps}),
-and will then make a tarfile. (If the top level directory has already
-been configured, you can just do @code{make gdb.tar.gz} instead.)
-
-This procedure requires:
-@itemize @bullet
-@item symbolic links
-@item @code{makeinfo} (texinfo2 level)
-@item @TeX{}
-@item @code{dvips}
-@item @code{yacc} or @code{bison}
-@end itemize
-@noindent
-@dots{} and the usual slew of utilities (@code{sed}, @code{tar}, etc.).
-
-@subheading TEMPORARY RELEASE PROCEDURE FOR DOCUMENTATION
-
-@file{gdb.texinfo} is currently marked up using the texinfo-2 macros,
-which are not yet a default for anything (but we have to start using
-them sometime).
-
-For making paper, the only thing this implies is the right generation of
-@file{texinfo.tex} needs to be included in the distribution.
-
-For making info files, however, rather than duplicating the texinfo2
-distribution, generate @file{gdb-all.texinfo} locally, and include the
-files @file{gdb.info*} in the distribution. Note the plural;
-@code{makeinfo} will split the document into one overall file and five
-or so included files.
-
-@node Hints
-
-@chapter Hints
-
-Check the @file{README} file, it often has useful information that does not
-appear anywhere else in the directory.
-
-@menu
-* Getting Started:: Getting started working on GDB
-* Debugging GDB:: Debugging GDB with itself
-@end menu
-
-@node Getting Started,,, Hints
-
-@section Getting Started
-
-GDB is a large and complicated program, and if you first starting to
-work on it, it can be hard to know where to start. Fortunately, if you
-know how to go about it, there are ways to figure out what is going on.
-
-This manual, the GDB Internals manual, has information which applies
-generally to many parts of GDB.
-
-Information about particular functions or data structures are located in
-comments with those functions or data structures. If you run across a
-function or a global variable which does not have a comment correctly
-explaining what is does, this can be thought of as a bug in GDB; feel
-free to submit a bug report, with a suggested comment if you can figure
-out what the comment should say. If you find a comment which is
-actually wrong, be especially sure to report that.
-
-Comments explaining the function of macros defined in host, target, or
-native dependent files can be in several places. Sometimes they are
-repeated every place the macro is defined. Sometimes they are where the
-macro is used. Sometimes there is a header file which supplies a
-default definition of the macro, and the comment is there. This manual
-also documents all the available macros.
-@c (@pxref{Host Conditionals}, @pxref{Target
-@c Conditionals}, @pxref{Native Conditionals}, and @pxref{Obsolete
-@c Conditionals})
-
-Start with the header files. Once you some idea of how GDB's internal
-symbol tables are stored (see @file{symtab.h}, @file{gdbtypes.h}), you
-will find it much easier to understand the code which uses and creates
-those symbol tables.
-
-You may wish to process the information you are getting somehow, to
-enhance your understanding of it. Summarize it, translate it to another
-language, add some (perhaps trivial or non-useful) feature to GDB, use
-the code to predict what a test case would do and write the test case
-and verify your prediction, etc. If you are reading code and your eyes
-are starting to glaze over, this is a sign you need to use a more active
-approach.
-
-Once you have a part of GDB to start with, you can find more
-specifically the part you are looking for by stepping through each
-function with the @code{next} command. Do not use @code{step} or you
-will quickly get distracted; when the function you are stepping through
-calls another function try only to get a big-picture understanding
-(perhaps using the comment at the beginning of the function being
-called) of what it does. This way you can identify which of the
-functions being called by the function you are stepping through is the
-one which you are interested in. You may need to examine the data
-structures generated at each stage, with reference to the comments in
-the header files explaining what the data structures are supposed to
-look like.
-
-Of course, this same technique can be used if you are just reading the
-code, rather than actually stepping through it. The same general
-principle applies---when the code you are looking at calls something
-else, just try to understand generally what the code being called does,
-rather than worrying about all its details.
-
-A good place to start when tracking down some particular area is with a
-command which invokes that feature. Suppose you want to know how
-single-stepping works. As a GDB user, you know that the @code{step}
-command invokes single-stepping. The command is invoked via command
-tables (see @file{command.h}); by convention the function which actually
-performs the command is formed by taking the name of the command and
-adding @samp{_command}, or in the case of an @code{info} subcommand,
-@samp{_info}. For example, the @code{step} command invokes the
-@code{step_command} function and the @code{info display} command invokes
-@code{display_info}. When this convention is not followed, you might
-have to use @code{grep} or @kbd{M-x tags-search} in emacs, or run GDB on
-itself and set a breakpoint in @code{execute_command}.
-
-If all of the above fail, it may be appropriate to ask for information
-on @code{bug-gdb}. But @emph{never} post a generic question like ``I was
-wondering if anyone could give me some tips about understanding
-GDB''---if we had some magic secret we would put it in this manual.
-Suggestions for improving the manual are always welcome, of course.
-
-@node Debugging GDB,,,Hints
-
-@section Debugging GDB with itself
-
-If GDB is limping on your machine, this is the preferred way to get it
-fully functional. Be warned that in some ancient Unix systems, like
-Ultrix 4.2, a program can't be running in one process while it is being
-debugged in another. Rather than typing the command @code{@w{./gdb
-./gdb}}, which works on Suns and such, you can copy @file{gdb} to
-@file{gdb2} and then type @code{@w{./gdb ./gdb2}}.
-
-When you run GDB in the GDB source directory, it will read a
-@file{.gdbinit} file that sets up some simple things to make debugging
-gdb easier. The @code{info} command, when executed without a subcommand
-in a GDB being debugged by gdb, will pop you back up to the top level
-gdb. See @file{.gdbinit} for details.
-
-If you use emacs, you will probably want to do a @code{make TAGS} after
-you configure your distribution; this will put the machine dependent
-routines for your local machine where they will be accessed first by
-@kbd{M-.}
-
-Also, make sure that you've either compiled GDB with your local cc, or
-have run @code{fixincludes} if you are compiling with gcc.
-
-@section Submitting Patches
-
-Thanks for thinking of offering your changes back to the community of
-GDB users. In general we like to get well designed enhancements.
-Thanks also for checking in advance about the best way to transfer the
-changes.
-
-The GDB maintainers will only install ``cleanly designed'' patches. You
-may not always agree on what is clean design.
-@c @pxref{Coding Style}, @pxref{Clean Design}.
-
-If the maintainers don't have time to put the patch in when it arrives,
-or if there is any question about a patch, it goes into a large queue
-with everyone else's patches and bug reports.
-
-The legal issue is that to incorporate substantial changes requires a
-copyright assignment from you and/or your employer, granting ownership
-of the changes to the Free Software Foundation. You can get the
-standard document for doing this by sending mail to
-@code{gnu@@prep.ai.mit.edu} and asking for it. I recommend that people
-write in "All programs owned by the Free Software Foundation" as "NAME
-OF PROGRAM", so that changes in many programs (not just GDB, but GAS,
-Emacs, GCC, etc) can be contributed with only one piece of legalese
-pushed through the bureacracy and filed with the FSF. I can't start
-merging changes until this paperwork is received by the FSF (their
-rules, which I follow since I maintain it for them).
-
-Technically, the easiest way to receive changes is to receive each
-feature as a small context diff or unidiff, suitable for "patch".
-Each message sent to me should include the changes to C code and
-header files for a single feature, plus ChangeLog entries for each
-directory where files were modified, and diffs for any changes needed
-to the manuals (gdb/doc/gdb.texi or gdb/doc/gdbint.texi). If there
-are a lot of changes for a single feature, they can be split down
-into multiple messages.
-
-In this way, if I read and like the feature, I can add it to the
-sources with a single patch command, do some testing, and check it in.
-If you leave out the ChangeLog, I have to write one. If you leave
-out the doc, I have to puzzle out what needs documenting. Etc.
-
-The reason to send each change in a separate message is that I will
-not install some of the changes. They'll be returned to you with
-questions or comments. If I'm doing my job, my message back to you
-will say what you have to fix in order to make the change acceptable.
-The reason to have separate messages for separate features is so
-that other changes (which I @emph{am} willing to accept) can be installed
-while one or more changes are being reworked. If multiple features
-are sent in a single message, I tend to not put in the effort to sort
-out the acceptable changes from the unacceptable, so none of the
-features get installed until all are acceptable.
-
-If this sounds painful or authoritarian, well, it is. But I get a lot
-of bug reports and a lot of patches, and most of them don't get
-installed because I don't have the time to finish the job that the bug
-reporter or the contributor could have done. Patches that arrive
-complete, working, and well designed, tend to get installed on the day
-they arrive. The others go into a queue and get installed if and when
-I scan back over the queue -- which can literally take months
-sometimes. It's in both our interests to make patch installation easy
--- you get your changes installed, and I make some forward progress on
-GDB in a normal 12-hour day (instead of them having to wait until I
-have a 14-hour or 16-hour day to spend cleaning up patches before I
-can install them).
-
-Please send patches directly to the GDB maintainers at
-@code{gdb-patches@@cygnus.com}.
-
-@section Obsolete Conditionals
-
-Fragments of old code in GDB sometimes reference or set the following
-configuration macros. They should not be used by new code, and old uses
-should be removed as those parts of the debugger are otherwise touched.
-
-@table @code
-
-@item STACK_END_ADDR
-This macro used to define where the end of the stack appeared, for use
-in interpreting core file formats that don't record this address in the
-core file itself. This information is now configured in BFD, and GDB
-gets the info portably from there. The values in GDB's configuration
-files should be moved into BFD configuration files (if needed there),
-and deleted from all of GDB's config files.
-
-Any @file{@var{foo}-xdep.c} file that references STACK_END_ADDR
-is so old that it has never been converted to use BFD. Now that's old!
-
-@item PYRAMID_CONTROL_FRAME_DEBUGGING
-pyr-xdep.c
-@item PYRAMID_CORE
-pyr-xdep.c
-@item PYRAMID_PTRACE
-pyr-xdep.c
-
-@item REG_STACK_SEGMENT
-exec.c
-
-@end table
-
-
-@contents
-@bye
diff --git a/gdb/doc/gdbinv-m.m4 b/gdb/doc/gdbinv-m.m4
deleted file mode 100755
index e69de29..0000000
--- a/gdb/doc/gdbinv-m.m4
+++ /dev/null
diff --git a/gdb/doc/gdbinv-m.m4.in b/gdb/doc/gdbinv-m.m4.in
deleted file mode 100644
index e69de29..0000000
--- a/gdb/doc/gdbinv-m.m4.in
+++ /dev/null
diff --git a/gdb/doc/gdbinv-s.m4 b/gdb/doc/gdbinv-s.m4
deleted file mode 100755
index e69de29..0000000
--- a/gdb/doc/gdbinv-s.m4
+++ /dev/null
diff --git a/gdb/doc/gdbinv-s.m4.in b/gdb/doc/gdbinv-s.m4.in
deleted file mode 100644
index e69de29..0000000
--- a/gdb/doc/gdbinv-s.m4.in
+++ /dev/null
diff --git a/gdb/doc/gdbinv-s.texi b/gdb/doc/gdbinv-s.texi
deleted file mode 100644
index e69de29..0000000
--- a/gdb/doc/gdbinv-s.texi
+++ /dev/null
diff --git a/gdb/doc/h8-cfg.texi b/gdb/doc/h8-cfg.texi
deleted file mode 100644
index 823c7c2..0000000
--- a/gdb/doc/h8-cfg.texi
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,47 +0,0 @@
-@c GDB version number is recorded in the variable GDBVN
-@include GDBvn.texi
-@c
-@set AGGLOMERATION
-@clear AMD29K
-@set BARETARGET
-@clear CONLY
-@set DOSHOST
-@clear FORTRAN
-@clear FSFDOC
-@clear GDBSERVER
-@clear GENERIC
-@set H8
-@set H8EXCLUSIVE
-@clear HAVE-FLOAT
-@clear I960
-@clear MOD2
-@clear NOVEL
-@clear POSIX
-@set PRECONFIGURED
-@clear REMOTESTUB
-@set SIMS
-@clear SERIAL
-@clear SPARC
-@clear ST2000
-@clear VXWORKS
-@clear Z8K
-@c ----------------------------------------------------------------------
-@c STRINGS:
-@c
-@c Name of GDB program. Used also for (gdb) prompt string.
-@set GDBP gdb
-@c
-@c Name of GDB product. Used in running text.
-@set GDBN GDB
-@c
-@c Name of GDB initialization file.
-@set GDBINIT .gdbinit
-@c
-@c Name of target.
-@set TARGET Hitachi Microprocessors
-@c
-@c Name of GCC product
-@set NGCC GCC
-@c
-@c Name of GCC program
-@set GCC gcc
diff --git a/gdb/doc/h8-config.texi b/gdb/doc/h8-config.texi
deleted file mode 100644
index e69de29..0000000
--- a/gdb/doc/h8-config.texi
+++ /dev/null
diff --git a/gdb/doc/h8.m4 b/gdb/doc/h8.m4
deleted file mode 100644
index e69de29..0000000
--- a/gdb/doc/h8.m4
+++ /dev/null
diff --git a/gdb/doc/interim-gdb.texinfo b/gdb/doc/interim-gdb.texinfo
deleted file mode 100755
index e69de29..0000000
--- a/gdb/doc/interim-gdb.texinfo
+++ /dev/null
diff --git a/gdb/doc/interim-gdbinv-m.m4 b/gdb/doc/interim-gdbinv-m.m4
deleted file mode 100755
index e69de29..0000000
--- a/gdb/doc/interim-gdbinv-m.m4
+++ /dev/null
diff --git a/gdb/doc/interim-gdbinv-s.m4 b/gdb/doc/interim-gdbinv-s.m4
deleted file mode 100755
index e69de29..0000000
--- a/gdb/doc/interim-gdbinv-s.m4
+++ /dev/null
diff --git a/gdb/doc/libgdb.texinfo b/gdb/doc/libgdb.texinfo
deleted file mode 100644
index 4fadcb2..0000000
--- a/gdb/doc/libgdb.texinfo
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,878 +0,0 @@
-\input texinfo @c -*-texinfo-*-
-@c %**start of header
-@setfilename libgdb.info
-@settitle Libgdb
-@setchapternewpage off
-@c %**end of header
-
-@ifinfo
-This file documents libgdb, the GNU symbolic debugger in a library.
-
-This is Edition 0.3, Oct 1993, of @cite{Libgdb}.
-Copyright 1993 Cygnus Support
-
-Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of
-this manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice
-are preserved on all copies.
-
-@ignore
-Permission is granted to process this file through TeX and print the
-results, provided the printed document carries copying permission
-notice identical to this one except for the removal of this paragraph
-(this paragraph not being relevant to the printed manual).
-
-@end ignore
-Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified versions of this
-manual under the conditions for verbatim copying, provided also that the
-entire resulting derived work is distributed under the terms of a
-permission notice identical to this one.
-
-Permission is granted to copy and distribute translations of this manual
-into another language, under the above conditions for modified versions.
-@end ifinfo
-
-@c This title page illustrates only one of the
-@c two methods of forming a title page.
-
-@titlepage
-@title Libgdb
-@subtitle Version 0.3
-@subtitle Oct 1993
-@author Thomas Lord
-
-@c The following two commands
-@c start the copyright page.
-@page
-@vskip 0pt plus 1filll
-Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of
-this manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice
-are preserved on all copies.
-
-Copyright @copyright{} 1993 Cygnus Support
-@end titlepage
-
-@ifinfo
-@node Top, Overview, (dir), (dir)
-
-This info file documents libgdb: an API for GDB, the GNU symbolic debugger.
-
-@menu
-* Overview:: The basics of libgdb and this document.
-* Interpreter:: Libgdb is an Interpreter-Based Server.
-* Top Level:: You Provide the Top Level for the Libgdb
- Command Interpreter .
-* I/O:: How the Server's I/O Can be Used.
-* Invoking:: Invoking the Interpreter, Executing
- Commands.
-* Defining Commands:: How New Commands are Created.
-* Variables:: How Builtin Variables are Defined.
-* Asynchronous:: Scheduling Asynchronous Computations.
-* Commands:: Debugger Commands for Libgdb Applications
-@end menu
-
-@end ifinfo
-@node Overview, Interpreter, top, top
-@comment node-name, next, previous, up
-@chapter Overview
-@cindex overview
-@cindex definitions
-
-@heading Function and Purpose
-
-Libgdb is a package which provides an API to the functionality of GDB,
-the GNU symbolic debugger. It is specifically intended to support the
-development of a symbolic debugger with a graphic interface.
-
-
-@heading This Document
-
-This document is a specification of the libgdb API. It is written in
-the form of a programmer's manual. So the goal of this document is to
-explain what functions make up the API, and how they can be used in a
-running application.
-
-
-@heading Terminology
-
-In this document, @dfn{libgdb} refers to a library containing the
-functions defined herein, @dfn{application} refers to any program built
-with that library.
-
-
-@heading Dependencies
-
-Programs which are linked with libgdb must be linked with libbfd,
-libopcodes, libiberty, and libmmalloc.
-
-@heading Acknowledgments
-
-Essential contributions to this design were made by Stu Grossman, Jim
-Kingdon, and Rich Pixley.
-
-@node Interpreter, Top Level, Overview, Top
-@comment node-name, next, previous, up
-@chapter Libgdb is an Interpreter Based Server
-@cindex interpreter
-@cindex server
-
-To understand libgdb, it is necessary to understand how the library is
-structured. Historically, GDB is written as a small interpreter for a
-simple command language. The commands of the language perform useful
-debugging functions.
-
-Libgdb is built from GDB by turning the interpreter into a debugging
-server. The server reads debugging commands from any source and
-interprets them, directing the output arbitrarily.
-
-In addition to changing GDB from a tty-based program to a server, a
-number of new GDB commands have been added to make the server more
-useful for a program with a graphic interface.
-
-Finally, libgdb includes provisions for asynchronous processing within
-the application.
-
-Most operations that can be carried out with libgdb involve the GDB
-command interpreter. The usual mode of operation is that the operation
-is expressed as a string of GDB commands, which the interpreter is then
-invoked to carry out. The output from commands executed in this manner
-can be redirected in a variety of useful ways for further processing by
-the application.
-
-The command interpreter provides an extensive system of hooks so an
-application can monitor any aspect of the debugging library's state. An
-application can set its own breakpoints and attach commands and
-conditions to those. It is possible to attach hooks to any debugger
-command; the hooks are invoked whenever that command is about to be
-invoked. By means of these, the displays of a graphical interface can
-be kept fully up to date at all times.
-
-We show you how to define new primitives in the command language. By
-defining new primitives and using them in breakpoint scripts and command
-hooks, an application can schedule the execution of arbitrary C-code at
-almost any point of interest in the operation of libgdb.
-
-We show you how to define new GDB convenience variables for which your
-code computes a value on demand. Referring to such variables in a
-breakpoint condition is a convenient way to conditionalize breakpoints
-in novel ways.
-
-To summarize: in libgdb, the gdb command language is turned into a
-debugging server. The server takes commands as input, and the server's
-output is redirectable. An application uses libgdb by formatting
-debugging commands and invoking the interpreter. The application might
-maintain breakpoints, watchpoints and many kinds of hooks. An application
-can define new primitives for the interpreter.
-
-@node Top Level, I/O, Interpreter, Top
-@chapter You Provide the Top Level for the Libgdb Command Interpreter
-@cindex {top level}
-
-When you use libgdb, your code is providing a @dfn{top level} for the
-command language interpreter. The top level is significant because it
-provides commands for the the interpreter to execute. In addition, the
-top level is responsible for handling some kinds of errors, and
-performing certain cleanup operations on behalf of the interpreter.
-
-@heading Initialization
-
-Before calling any other libgdb functions, call this:
-
-@deftypefun void gdb_init (void)
-Perform one-time initialization for libgdb.
-@end deftypefun
-
-An application may wish to evaluate specific gdb commands as part of its
-own initialization. The details of how this can be accomplished are
-explained below.
-
-@heading The Top-Level Loop
-
-There is a strong presumption in libgdb that the application has
-the form of a loop. Here is what such a loop might look like:
-
-@example
-while (gdb_still_going ())
- @{
- if (!GDB_TOP_LEVEL ())
- @{
- char * command;
- gdb_start_top_loop ();
- command = process_events ();
- gdb_execute_command (command);
- gdb_finish_top_loop ();
- @}
- @}
-@end example
-
-The function @code{gdb_still_going} returns 1 until the gdb command
-`quit' is run.
-
-The macro @code{GDB_TOP_LEVEL} invokes setjmp to set the top level error
-handler. When a command results in an error, the interpreter exits with
-a longjmp. There is nothing special libgdb requires of the top level
-error handler other than it be present and that it restart the top level
-loop. Errors are explained in detail in a later chapter.
-
-Each time through the top level loop two important things happen: a
-debugger command is constructed on the basis of user input, and the
-interpreter is invoked to execute that command. In the sample code, the
-call to the imaginary function @code{process_events} represents the
-point at which a graphical interface should read input events until
-ready to execute a debugger command. The call to
-@code{gdb_execute_command} invokes the command interpreter (what happens
-to the output from the command will be explained later).
-
-Libgdb manages some resources using the top-level loop. The primary
-reason for this is error-handling: even if a command terminates with an
-error, it may already have allocated resources which need to be freed.
-The freeing of such resources takes place at the top-level, regardless
-of how the the command exits. The calls to @code{gdb_start_top_loop}
-and @code{gdb_finish_top_loop} let libgdb know when it is safe to
-perform operations associated with these resources.
-
-@heading Breakpoint Commands
-
-Breakpoint commands are scripts of GDB operations associated with
-particular breakpoints. When a breakpoint is reached, its associated
-commands are executed.
-
-Breakpoint commands are invoked by the libgdb function
-@code{gdb_finish_top_loop}.
-
-Notice that if control returns to the top-level error handler, the
-execution of breakpoint commands is bypassed. This can happen as a
-result of errors during either @code{gdb_execute_command} or
-@code{gdb_finish_top_loop}.
-
-@heading Application Initialization
-
-Sometimes it is inconvenient to execute commands via a command loop for
-example, the commands an application uses to initialize itself. An
-alternative to @code{execute_command} is @code{execute_catching_errors}.
-When @code{execute_catching_errors} is used, no top level error handler
-need be in effect, and it is not necessary to call
-@code{gdb_start_top_loop} or @code{gdb_finish_top_loop}.
-
-
-@heading Cleanup
-
-The debugger command ``quit'' performs all necessary cleanup for libgdb.
-After it has done so, it changes the return value of
-@code{gdb_still_going} to 0 and returns to the top level error handler.
-
-
-@node I/O, Invoking, Top Level, Top
-@comment node-name, next, previous, up
-@chapter How the Server's I/O Can be Used
-@cindex I/O
-
-In the last chapter it was pointed out that a libgdb application is
-responsible for providing commands for the interpreter to execute.
-However some commands require further input (for example, the ``quit''
-command might ask for confirmation). Almost all commands produce output
-of some kind. The purpose of this section is to explain how libgdb
-performs its I/O, and how an application can take advantage of
-this.
-
-
-@heading I/O Vectors
-
-Libgdb has no fixed strategy for I/O. Instead, all operations are
-performed by functions called via structures of function pointers.
-Applications supply theses structures and can change them at any
-time.
-
-@deftp Type {struct gdb_input_vector}
-@deftpx Type {struct gdb_output_vector}
-These structures contain a set of function pointers. Each function
-determines how a particular type of i/o is performed. The details of
-these strucutres are explained below.
-
-The application allocates these structures, initializes them to all bits
-zero, fills in the function pointers, and then registers names for them
-them with libgdb.
-@end deftp
-
-@deftypefun void gdb_name_input_vector (@var{name}, @var{vec})
-@deftypefunx void gdb_remove_input_vector (@var{name}, @var{vec})
-@deftypefunx void gdb_name_output_vector (@var{name}, @var{vec})
-@deftypefunx void gdb_remove_input_vector (@var{name}, @var{vec})
-@example
- char * @var{name};
- struct gdb_output_vector * @var{vec};
-@end example
-These functions are used to give and remove names to i/o vectors. Note
-that if a name is used twice, the most recent definition applies.
-@end deftypefun
-
-
-
-@subheading Output
-
-An output vector is a structure with at least these fields:
-
-@example
-struct gdb_output_vector
-@{
- /* output */
- void (*put_string) (struct gdb_output_vector *, char * str);
-@}
-@end example
-
-Use the function @code{memset} or something equivalent to initialize an
-output vector to all bits zero. Then fill in the function pointer with
-your function.
-
-A debugger command can produce three kinds of output: error messages
-(such as when trying to delete a non-existent breakpoint), informational
-messages (such as the notification printed when a breakpoint is hit),
-and the output specifically requested by a command (for example, the
-value printed by the ``print'' command). At any given time, then,
-libgdb has three output vectors. These are called the @dfn{error},
-@dfn{info}, @dfn{value} vector respectively.
-
-@subheading Input
-
-@example
-struct gdb_input_vector
-@{
- int (*query) (struct gdb_input_vector *,
- char * prompt,
- int quit_allowed);
- int * (*selection) (struct gdb_input_vector *,
- char * prompt,
- char ** choices);
- char * (*read_string) (struct gdb_input_vector *,
- char * prompt);
- char ** (*read_strings) (struct gdb_input_vector *,
- char * prompt);
-@}
-@end example
-
-Use the function @code{memset} or something equivalent to initialize an
-input vector to all bits zero. Then fill in the function pointers with
-your functions.
-
-There are four kinds of input requests explicitly made by libgdb.
-
-A @dfn{query} is a yes or no question. The user can respond to a query
-with an affirmative or negative answer, or by telling gdb to abort the
-command (in some cases an abort is not permitted). Query should return
-'y' or 'n' or 0 to abort.
-
-A @dfn{selection} is a list of options from which the user selects a subset.
-Selections should return a NULL terminated array of integers, which are
-indexes into the array of choices. It can return NULL instead to abort
-the command. The array returned by this function will be passed to
-@code{free} by libgdb.
-
-A @dfn{read_string} asks the user to supply an arbitrary string. It may
-return NULL to abort the command. The string returned by @code{read_string}
-should be allocated by @code{malloc}; it will be freed by libgdb.
-
-A @dfn{read_strings} asks the user to supply multiple lines of input
-(for example, the body of a command created using `define'). It, too,
-may return NULL to abort. The array and the strings returned by this
-function will be freed by libgdb.
-
-@heading I/O Redirection from the Application Top-Level
-
-@deftypefun struct gdb_io_vecs gdb_set_io (struct gdb_io_vecs *)
-@example
-
-struct gdb_io_vecs
-@{
- struct gdb_input_vector * input;
- struct gdb_output_vector * error;
- struct gdb_output_vector * info;
- struct gdb_output_vector * value;
-@}
-@end example
-
-This establishes a new set of i/o vectors, and returns the old setting.
-Any of the pointers in this structure may be NULL, indicating that the
-current value should be used.
-
-This function is useful for setting up i/o vectors before any libgdb
-commands have been invoked (hence before any input or output has taken
-place).
-@end deftypefun
-
-It is explained in a later chapter how to redirect output temporarily.
-(@xref{Invoking}.)
-
-@heading I/O Redirection in Debugger Commands
-
-A libgdb application creates input and output vectors and assigns them names.
-Which input and output vectors are used by libgdb is established by
-executing these debugger commands:
-
-@defun {set input-vector} name
-@defunx {set error-output-vector} name
-@defunx {set info-output-vector} name
-@defunx {set value-output-vector} name
-Choose an I/O vector by name.
-@end defun
-
-
-A few debugger commands are for use only within commands defined using
-the debugger command `define' (they have no effect at other times).
-These commands exist so that an application can maintain hooks which
-redirect output without affecting the global I/O vectors.
-
-@defun with-input-vector name
-@defunx with-error-output-vector name
-@defunx with-info-output-vector name
-@defunx with-value-output-vector name
-Set an I/O vector, but only temporarily. The setting has effect only
-within the command definition in which it occurs.
-@end defun
-
-
-@heading Initial Conditions
-
-When libgdb is initialized, a set of default I/O vectors is put in
-place. The default vectors are called @code{default-input-vector},
-@code{default-output-vector}, &c.
-
-The default query function always returns `y'. Other input functions
-always abort. The default output functions discard output silently.
-
-
-@node Invoking, Defining Commands, I/O, Top
-@chapter Invoking the Interpreter, Executing Commands
-@cindex {executing commands}
-@cindex {invoking the interpreter}
-
-This section introduces the libgdb functions which invoke the command
-interpreter.
-
-@deftypefun void gdb_execute_command (@var{command})
-@example
-char * @var{command};
-@end example
-Interpret the argument debugger command. An error handler must be set
-when this function is called. (@xref{Top Level}.)
-@end deftypefun
-
-It is possible to override the current I/O vectors for the duration of a
-single command:
-
-@deftypefun void gdb_execute_with_io (@var{command}, @var{vecs})
-@example
-char * @var{command};
-struct gdb_io_vecs * @var{vecs};
-
-struct gdb_io_vecs
-@{
- struct gdb_input_vector * input;
- struct gdb_output_vector * error;
- struct gdb_output_vector * info;
- struct gdb_output_vector * value;
-@}
-@end example
-
-Execute @var{command}, temporarily using the i/o vectors in @var{vecs}.
-
-Any of the vectors may be NULL, indicating that the current value should
-be used. An error handler must be in place when this function is used.
-@end deftypefun
-
-@deftypefun {struct gdb_str_output} gdb_execute_for_strings (@var{cmd})
-@example
-char * cmd;
-@end example
-@deftypefunx {struct gdb_str_output} gdb_execute_for_strings2 (@var{cmd}, @var{input})
-@example
-char * cmd;
-struct gdb_input_vector * input;
-@end example
-@page
-@example
-struct gdb_str_output
-@{
- char * error;
- char * info;
- char * value;
-@};
-@end example
-
-Execute @var{cmd}, collecting its output as strings. If no error
-occurs, all three strings will be present in the structure, the
-empty-string rather than NULL standing for no output of a particular
-kind.
-
-If the command aborts with an error, then the @code{value} field will be
-NULL, though the other two strings will be present.
-
-In all cases, the strings returned are allocated by malloc and should be
-freed by the caller.
-
-The first form listed uses the current input vector, but overrides the
-current output vector. The second form additionally allows the input
-vector to be overridden.
-
-This function does not require that an error handler be installed.
-@end deftypefun
-
-@deftypefun void execute_catching_errors (@var{command})
-@example
-char * @var{command};
-@end example
-Like @code{execute_command} except that no error handler is required.
-@end deftypefun
-
-@deftypefun void execute_with_text (@var{command}, @var{text})
-@example
-char * @var{command};
-char ** @var{text};
-@end example
-Like @code{execute_catching_errors}, except that the input vector is
-overridden. The new input vector handles only calls to @code{query} (by
-returning 'y') and calls to @code{read_strings} by returning a copy of
-@var{text} and the strings it points to.
-
-This form of execute_command is useful for commands like @code{define},
-@code{document}, and @code{commands}.
-@end deftypefun
-
-
-
-@node Defining Commands, Variables, Invoking, Top
-@comment node-name, next, previous, up
-@chapter How New Commands are Created
-@cindex {commands, defining}
-
-Applications are, of course, free to take advantage of the existing GDB
-macro definition capability (the @code{define} and @code{document}
-functions).
-
-In addition, an application can add new primitives to the GDB command
-language.
-
-@deftypefun void gdb_define_app_command (@var{name}, @var{fn}, @var{doc})
-@example
-char * @var{name};
-gdb_cmd_fn @var{fn};
-char * @var{doc};
-
-typedef void (*gdb_cmd_fn) (char * args);
-@end example
-
-Create a new command call @var{name}. The new command is in the
-@code{application} help class. When invoked, the command-line arguments
-to the command are passed as a single string.
-
-Calling this function twice with the same name replaces an earlier
-definition, but application commands can not replace builtin commands of
-the same name.
-
-The documentation string of the command is set to a copy the string
-@var{doc}.
-@end deftypefun
-
-@node Variables, Asynchronous, Defining Commands, Top
-@comment node-name, next, previous, up
-@chapter How Builtin Variables are Defined
-@cindex {variables, defining}
-
-Convenience variables provide a way for values maintained by libgdb to
-be referenced in expressions (e.g. @code{$bpnum}). Libgdb includes a
-means by which the application can define new, integer valued
-convenience variables:
-@page
-@deftypefun void gdb_define_int_var (@var{name}, @var{fn}, @var{fn_arg})
-@example
-char * @var{name};
-int (*@var{fn}) (void *);
-void * @var{fn_arg};
-@end example
-This function defines (or undefines) a convenience variable called @var{name}.
-If @var{fn} is NULL, the variable becomes undefined. Otherwise,
-@var{fn} is a function which, when passed @var{fn_arg} returns the value
-of the newly defined variable.
-
-No libgdb functions should be called by @var{fn}.
-@end deftypefun
-
-One use for this function is to create breakpoint conditions computed in
-novel ways. This is done by defining a convenience variable and
-referring to that variable in a breakpoint condition expression.
-
-
-@node Asynchronous, Commands, Variables, Top
-@chapter Scheduling Asynchronous Computations
-@cindex asynchronous
-
-
-A running libgdb function can take a long time. Libgdb includes a hook
-so that an application can run intermittently during long debugger
-operations.
-
-@deftypefun void gdb_set_poll_fn (@var{fn}, @var{fn_arg})
-@example
-void (*@var{fn})(void * fn_arg, int (*gdb_poll)());
-void * @var{fn_arg};
-@end example
-Arrange to call @var{fn} periodically during lengthy debugger operations.
-If @var{fn} is NULL, polling is turned off. @var{fn} should take two
-arguments: an opaque pointer passed as @var{fn_arg} to
-@code{gdb_set_poll_fn}, and a function pointer. The function pointer
-passed to @var{fn} is provided by libgdb and points to a function that
-returns 0 when the poll function should return. That is, when
-@code{(*gdb_poll)()} returns 0, libgdb is ready to continue @var{fn}
-should return quickly.
-
-It is possible that @code{(*gdb_poll)()} will return 0 the first time it
-is called, so it is reasonable for an application to do minimal processing
-before checking whether to return.
-
-No libgdb functions should be called from an application's poll function,
-with one exception: @code{gdb_request_quit}.
-@end deftypefun
-
-
-@deftypefun void gdb_request_quit (void)
-This function, if called from a poll function, requests that the
-currently executing libgdb command be interrupted as soon as possible,
-and that control be returned to the top-level via an error.
-
-The quit is not immediate. It will not occur until at least after the
-application's poll function returns.
-@end deftypefun
-
-@node Commands, Top, Asynchronous, Top
-@comment node-name, next, previous, up
-@chapter Debugger Commands for Libgdb Applications
-
-The debugger commands available to libgdb applications are the same commands
-available interactively via GDB. This section is an overview of the
-commands newly created as part of libgdb.
-
-This section is not by any means a complete reference to the GDB command
-language. See the GDB manual for such a reference.
-
-@menu
-* Command Hooks:: Setting Hooks to Execute With Debugger Commands.
-* View Commands:: View Commands Mirror Show Commands
-* Breakpoints:: The Application Can Have Its Own Breakpoints
-@end menu
-
-@node Command Hooks, View Commands, Commands, Commands
-@comment node-name, next, previous, up
-@section Setting Hooks to Execute With Debugger Commands.
-
-Debugger commands support hooks. A command hook is executed just before
-the interpreter invokes the hooked command.
-
-There are two hooks allowed for every command. By convention, one hook
-is for use by users, the other is for use by the application.
-
-A user hook is created for a command XYZZY by using
-@code{define-command} to create a command called @code{hook-XYZZY}.
-
-An application hook is created for a command XYZZY by using
-@code{define-command} to create a command called @code{apphook-XYZZY}.
-
-Application hooks are useful for interfaces which wish to continuously
-monitor certain aspects of debugger state. The application can set a
-hook on all commands that might modify the watched state. When the hook
-is executed, it can use i/o redirection to notify parts of the
-application that previous data may be out of date. After the top-level loop
-resumes, the application can recompute any values that may have changed.
-(@xref{I/O}.)
-
-@node View Commands, Breakpoints, Command Hooks, Commands
-@comment node-name, next, previous, up
-@section View Commands Mirror Show Commands
-
-The GDB command language contains many @code{set} and @code{show}
-commands. These commands are used to modify or examine parameters to
-the debugger.
-
-It is difficult to get the current state of a parameter from the
-@code{show} command because @code{show} is very verbose.
-
-@example
-(gdb) show check type
-Type checking is "auto; currently off".
-(gdb) show width
-Number of characters gdb thinks are in a line is 80.
-@end example
-
-For every @code{show} command, libgdb includes a @code{view} command.
-@code{view} is like @code{show} without the verbose commentary:
-
-@example
-(gdb) view check type
-auto; currently off
-(gdb) view width
-80
-@end example
-
-(The precise format of the ouput from @code{view} is subject to change.
-In particular, @code{view} may one-day print values which can be used as
-arguments to the corresponding @code{set} command.)
-
-@node Breakpoints, Structured Output, View Commands, Commands
-@comment node-name, next, previous, up
-@section The Application Can Have Its Own Breakpoints
-
-The GDB breakpoint commands were written with a strong presumption that
-all breakpoints are managed by a human user. Therefore, the command
-language contains commands like `delete' which affect all breakpoints
-without discrimination.
-
-In libgdb, there is added support for breakpoints and watchpoints which
-are set by the application and which should not be affected by ordinary,
-indiscriminate commands. These are called @dfn{protected} breakpoints.
-
-@deffn {Debugger Command} break-protected ...
-@deffnx {Debugger Command} watch-protected ...
-These work like @code{break} and @code{watch} except that the resulting
-breakpoint is given a negative number. Negative numbered breakpoints do
-not appear in the output of @code{info breakpoints} but do in that of
-@code{info all-breakpoints}. Negative numbered breakpoints are not
-affected by commands which ordinarily affect `all' breakpoints (e.g.
-@code{delete} with no arguments).
-
-Note that libgdb itself creates protected breakpoints, so programs
-should not rely on being able to allocate particular protected
-breakpoint numbers for themselves.
-@end deffn
-
-More than one breakpoint may be set at a given location. Libgdb adds
-the concept of @dfn{priority} to breakpoints. A priority is an integer,
-assigned to each breakpoint. When a breakpoint is reached, the
-conditions of all breakpoints at the same location are evaluated in
-order of ascending priority. When breakpoint commands are executed,
-they are also executed in ascending priority (until all have been
-executed, an error occurs, or one set of commands continues the
-target).
-
-@deffn {Debugger Command} priority n bplist
-Set the priority for breakpoints @var{bplist} to @var{n}.
-By default, breakpoints are assigned a priority of zero.
-@end deffn
-
-@node Structured Output, Commands, Breakpoints, Commands
-@comment node-name, next, previous, up
-@section Structured Output, The @code{Explain} Command
-
-(This section may be subject to considerable revision.)
-
-When GDB prints a the value of an expression, the printed representation
-contains information that can be usefully fed back into future commands
-and expressions. For example,
-
-@example
-(gdb) print foo
-$16 = @{v = 0x38ae0, v_length = 40@}
-@end example
-
-On the basis of this output, a user knows, for example, that
-@code{$16.v} refers to a pointer valued @code{0x38ae0}
-
-A new output command helps to make information like this available to
-the application.
-
-@deffn {Debugger Command} explain expression
-@deffnx {Debugger Command} explain /format expression
-Print the value of @var{expression} in the manner of the @code{print}
-command, but embed that output in a list syntax containing information
-about the structure of the output.
-@end deffn
-
-As an example, @code{explain argv} might produce this output:
-
-@example
-(exp-attribute
- ((expression "$19")
- (type "char **")
- (address "48560")
- (deref-expression "*$19"))
- "$19 = 0x3800\n")
-@end example
-
-The syntax of output from @code{explain} is:
-
-@example
-<explanation> := <quoted-string>
- | (exp-concat <explanation> <explanation>*)
- | (exp-attribute <property-list> <explanation>)
-
-<property-list> := ( <property-pair>* )
-
-<property-pair> := ( <property-name> <quoted-string> )
-@end example
-
-The string-concatenation of all of the @code{<quoted-string>} (except
-those in property lists) yields the output generated by the equivalent
-@code{print} command. Quoted strings may contain quotes and backslashes
-if they are escaped by backslash. "\n" in a quoted string stands for
-newline; unescaped newlines do not occur within the strings output by
-@code{explain}.
-
-Property names are made up of alphabetic characters, dashes, and
-underscores.
-
-The set of properties is open-ended. As GDB acquires support for new
-source languages and other new capabilities, new property types may be
-added to the output of this command. Future commands may offer
-applications some selectivity concerning which properties are reported.
-
-The initial set of properties defined includes:
-
-@itemize @bullet
-@item @code{expression}
-
-This is an expression, such as @code{$42} or @code{$42.x}. The
-expression can be used to refer to the value printed in the attributed
-part of the string.
-
-@item @code{type}
-
-This is a user-readable name for the type of the attributed value.
-
-@item @code{address}
-
-If the value is stored in a target register, this is a register number.
-If the value is stored in a GDB convenience variable, this is an integer
-that is unique among all the convenience variables. Otherwise, this is
-the address in the target where the value is stored.
-
-@item @code{deref-expression}
-
-If the attributed value is a pointer type, this is an expression that
-refers to the dereferenced value.
-@end itemize
-
-Here is a larger example, using the same object passed to @code{print}
-in an earlier example of this section.
-
-@example
-(gdb) explain foo
-(exp-attribute
- ( (expression "$16")
- (type "struct bytecode_vector")
- (address 14336) )
- (exp-concat
- "$16 = @{"
- (exp-attribute
- ( (expression "$16.v")
- (type "char *")
- (address 14336)
- (deref-expression "*$16.v") )
- "v = 0x38ae0")
- (exp-attribute
- ( (expression "$16.v_length")
- (type "int")
- (address 14340) )
- ", v_length = 40")
- "@}\n"))
-@end example
-
-It is undefined how libgdb will indent these lines of output or
-where newlines will be included.
-
-@bye
diff --git a/gdb/doc/lpsrc.sed b/gdb/doc/lpsrc.sed
deleted file mode 100644
index 1c7af4a..0000000
--- a/gdb/doc/lpsrc.sed
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,13 +0,0 @@
-/font defs: ---/,/end font defs ---/c\
-%-------------------- PostScript (long names) font defs: -----------------\
-\\font\\bbf=Times-Bold at 10pt\
-\\font\\vbbf=Times-Bold at 12pt\
-\\font\\smrm=Times-Roman at 6pt\
-\\font\\brm=Times-Roman at 10pt\
-\\font\\rm=Times-Roman at 8pt\
-\\font\\it=Times-Italic at 8pt\
-\\font\\tt=Courier at 8pt\
-% Used only for \copyright, replacing plain TeX macro.\
-\\font\\sym=Symbol at 7pt\
-\\def\\copyright{{\\sym\\char'323}}\
-%-------------------- end font defs ---------------------------------
diff --git a/gdb/doc/lucid.m4 b/gdb/doc/lucid.m4
deleted file mode 100644
index e69de29..0000000
--- a/gdb/doc/lucid.m4
+++ /dev/null
diff --git a/gdb/doc/psrc.sed b/gdb/doc/psrc.sed
deleted file mode 100644
index 9bb557e..0000000
--- a/gdb/doc/psrc.sed
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,13 +0,0 @@
-/font defs: ---/,/end font defs ---/c\
-%-------------------- PostScript (K Berry names) font defs: --------------\
-\\font\\bbf=ptmb at 10pt\
-\\font\\vbbf=ptmb at 12pt\
-\\font\\smrm=ptmr at 6pt\
-\\font\\brm=ptmr at 10pt\
-\\font\\rm=ptmr at 8pt\
-\\font\\it=ptmri at 8pt\
-\\font\\tt=pcrr at 8pt\
-% Used only for \copyright, replacing plain TeX macro.\
-\\font\\sym=psyr at 7pt\
-\\def\\copyright{{\\sym\\char'323}}\
-%-------------------- end font defs ---------------------------------
diff --git a/gdb/doc/rc-cm.tex b/gdb/doc/rc-cm.tex
deleted file mode 100755
index e69de29..0000000
--- a/gdb/doc/rc-cm.tex
+++ /dev/null
diff --git a/gdb/doc/rc-ps.tex b/gdb/doc/rc-ps.tex
deleted file mode 100755
index e69de29..0000000
--- a/gdb/doc/rc-ps.tex
+++ /dev/null
diff --git a/gdb/doc/rc-pslong.tex b/gdb/doc/rc-pslong.tex
deleted file mode 100755
index e69de29..0000000
--- a/gdb/doc/rc-pslong.tex
+++ /dev/null
diff --git a/gdb/doc/rdl-apps.texi b/gdb/doc/rdl-apps.texi
deleted file mode 100755
index e69de29..0000000
--- a/gdb/doc/rdl-apps.texi
+++ /dev/null
diff --git a/gdb/doc/refcard.tex b/gdb/doc/refcard.tex
deleted file mode 100644
index 0c77c4c..0000000
--- a/gdb/doc/refcard.tex
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,551 +0,0 @@
-%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% gdb-refcard.tex %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
-
-%This file is TeX source for a reference card describing GDB, the GNU debugger.
-%$Id$
-%Copyright (C) 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
-%Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of
-%this reference provided the copyright notices and permission notices
-%are preserved on all copies.
-%
-%TeX markup is a programming language; accordingly this file is source
-%for a program to generate a reference.
-%
-%This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
-%it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
-%the Free Software Foundation; either version 1, or (at your option)
-%any later version.
-%
-%This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
-%WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
-%MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
-%General Public License for more details.
-%
-%You can find a copy of the GNU General Public License in the GDB
-%manual; or write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc.,
-%675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
-%
-%You can contact the author as: pesch@cygnus.com
-%
-% Roland Pesch
-% Cygnus Support
-% 814 University Ave.
-% Palo Alto, CA 94301 USA
-%
-% +1 415 322 3811
-%
-% Uncomment the following `magnification' command if you want to print
-% out in a larger font. Caution! You may need larger paper. You had
-% best avoid using 3-column output if you try this. See the ``Three
-% column format'' section below if you want to print in three column
-% format.
-%
-%\magnification=\magstep 1
-%
-% NOTE ON INTENTIONAL OMISSIONS: This reference card includes most GDB
-% commands, but due to space constraints there are some things I chose
-% to omit. In general, not all synonyms for commands are covered, nor
-% all variations of a command.
-% The GDB-under-Emacs section omits gdb-mode functions without default
-% keybindings. GDB startup options are not described.
-% set print sevenbit-strings, set symbol-reloading omitted.
-% printsyms, printpsyms, omitted since they're for GDB maintenance primarily
-% share omitted due to obsolescence
-% set check range/type omitted at least til code is in GDB.
-%
-{%
-\def\$#1${{#1}}% Kluge: collect RCS revision info without $...$
-\xdef\manvers{\$Revision$}%
-}%
-%-------------------- Three column format -----------------------
-
-%%%% --- To disable three column format, comment out this entire section
-
-% Three-column format for landscape printing on 8.5x11 paper
-
-% We want output .25 inch *from paper edge*; i.e. -.75in from TeX default
-\hoffset=-0.8in \voffset=-0.75in
-\newdimen\fullhsize
-\fullhsize=10.5in \hsize=3.3in
-\def\fulline{\hbox to \fullhsize}
-\let\lcr=L \newbox\leftcolumn\newbox\centercolumn
-\output={\if L\lcr
- \global\setbox\leftcolumn=\columnbox \global\let\lcr=C
- \else
- \if C\lcr
- \global\setbox\centercolumn=\columnbox \global\let\lcr=R
- \else \tripleformat \global\let\lcr=L
- \fi
- \fi
-% \ifnum\outputpenalty>-20000 \else\dosupereject\fi
- }
-%
-%ALTERNATIVE FOLDING GUIDES:
-%
-%For NO printed folding guide, comment out other \def\vdecor's and uncomment:
-%\def\vdecor{\hskip .2in plus1fil}
-%
-%For SOLID LINE folding guide, comment out other \def\vdecor's and uncomment:
-%\def\vdecor{\hskip .1in plus1fil \vrule width .1pt \hskip .1in plus1fil}
-%
-%For SMALL MARKS NEAR TOP AND BOTTOM as folding guide,
-%comment out other \def\vdecor's and uncomment:
-\def\vdecor{\hskip .1in plus1fil
-\vbox to \vsize{\hbox to .1pt{\vrule height 2pt width .1pt}\vfill
-\hbox to .1pt{\vrule height 2pt width .1pt}}
-\hskip .1in plus1fil}
-%
-%END OF ALTERNATIVES FOR FOLDING GUIDES
-%
-\def\tripleformat{\shipout\vbox{\fulline{\box\leftcolumn\vdecor
- \box\centercolumn\vdecor
- \columnbox}
- }
- \advancepageno}
-\def\columnbox{\leftline{\pagebody}}
-\def\bye{\par\vfill
- \supereject
- \if R\lcr \null\vfill\eject\fi
- \end}
-
-%-------------------- end three column format -----------------------
-
-%-------------------- Computer Modern font defs: --------------------
-\font\bbf=cmbx10
-\font\vbbf=cmbx12
-\font\smrm=cmr6
-\font\brm=cmr10
-\font\rm=cmr7
-\font\it=cmti7
-\font\tt=cmtt8
-%-------------------- end font defs ---------------------------------
-
-%
-\vsize=8in
-\hyphenpenalty=5000\tolerance=2000\raggedright\raggedbottom
-\normalbaselineskip=9pt\baselineskip=9pt
-%
-\parindent=0pt
-\parskip=0pt
-\footline={\vbox to0pt{\hss}}
-%
-\def\ctl#1{{\tt C-#1}}
-\def\opt#1{{\brm[{\rm #1}]}}
-\def\xtra#1{\noalign{\smallskip{\tt#1}}}
-%
-\long\def\sec#1;#2\endsec{\vskip 1pc
-\halign{%
-%COL 1 (of halign):
-\vtop{\hsize=1.1in\tt
-##\par\vskip 2pt }\hfil
-%COL 2 (of halign):
-&\vtop{\hsize=2.1in\hangafter=1\hangindent=0.5em
-\rm ##\par\vskip 2pt}\cr
-%Tail of \long\def fills in halign body with \sec args:
-\noalign{{\bbf #1}\vskip 2pt}
-#2
-}
-}
-
-{\vbbf GDB QUICK REFERENCE}\hfil{\smrm GDB Version 4}\qquad
-
-\sec Essential Commands;
-gdb {\it program} \opt{{\it core}}&debug {\it program} \opt{using
-coredump {\it core}}\cr
-b \opt{\it file\tt:}{\it function}&set breakpoint at {\it function} \opt{in \it file}\cr
-run \opt{{\it arglist}}&start your program \opt{with {\it arglist}}\cr
-bt& backtrace: display program stack\cr
-p {\it expr}&display the value of an expression\cr
-c &continue running your program\cr
-n &next line, stepping over function calls\cr
-s &next line, stepping into function calls\cr
-\endsec
-
-\sec Starting GDB;
-gdb&start GDB, with no debugging files\cr
-gdb {\it program}&begin debugging {\it program}\cr
-gdb {\it program core}&debug coredump {\it core} produced by {\it
-program}\cr
-gdb --help&describe command line options\cr
-\endsec
-
-\sec Stopping GDB;
-quit&exit GDB; also {\tt q} or {\tt EOF} (eg \ctl{d})\cr
-INTERRUPT&(eg \ctl{c}) terminate current command, or send to running process\cr
-\endsec
-
-\sec Getting Help;
-help&list classes of commands\cr
-help {\it class}&one-line descriptions for commands in {\it class}\cr
-help {\it command}&describe {\it command}\cr
-\endsec
-
-\sec Executing your Program;
-run {\it arglist}&start your program with {\it arglist}\cr
-run&start your program with current argument list\cr
-run $\ldots$ <{\it inf} >{\it outf}&start your program with input, output
-redirected\cr
-\cr
-kill&kill running program\cr
-\cr
-tty {\it dev}&use {\it dev} as stdin and stdout for next {\tt run}\cr
-set args {\it arglist}&specify {\it arglist} for next
-{\tt run}\cr
-set args&specify empty argument list\cr
-show args&display argument list\cr
-\cr
-show environment&show all environment variables\cr
-show env {\it var}&show value of environment variable {\it var}\cr
-set env {\it var} {\it string}&set environment variable {\it var}\cr
-unset env {\it var}&remove {\it var} from environment\cr
-\endsec
-
-\sec Shell Commands;
-cd {\it dir}&change working directory to {\it dir}\cr
-pwd&Print working directory\cr
-make $\ldots$&call ``{\tt make}''\cr
-shell {\it cmd}&execute arbitrary shell command string\cr
-\endsec
-
-\vfill
-\line{\smrm \opt{ } surround optional arguments \hfill $\ldots$ show
-one or more arguments}
-\vskip\baselineskip
-\centerline{\smrm \copyright 1991, 1992 Free Software Foundation, Inc.\qquad Permissions on back}
-\eject
-\sec Breakpoints and Watchpoints;
-break \opt{\it file\tt:}{\it line}\par
-b \opt{\it file\tt:}{\it line}&set breakpoint at {\it line} number \opt{in \it file}\par
-eg:\quad{\tt break main.c:37}\quad\cr
-break \opt{\it file\tt:}{\it function}&set breakpoint at {\it
-function} \opt{in \it file}\cr
-break +{\it offset}\par
-break -{\it offset}&set break at {\it offset} lines from current stop\cr
-break *{\it addr}&set breakpoint at address {\it addr}\cr
-break&set breakpoint at next instruction\cr
-break $\ldots$ if {\it expr}&break conditionally on nonzero {\it expr}\cr
-cond {\it n} \opt{\it expr}&new conditional expression on breakpoint
-{\it n}; make unconditional if no {\it expr}\cr
-tbreak $\ldots$&temporary break; disable when reached\cr
-rbreak {\it regex}&break on all functions matching {\it regex}\cr
-watch {\it expr}&set a watchpoint for expression {\it expr}\cr
-catch {\it x}&break at C++ handler for exception {\it x}\cr
-\cr
-info break&show defined breakpoints\cr
-info watch&show defined watchpoints\cr
-\cr
-clear&delete breakpoints at next instruction\cr
-clear \opt{\it file\tt:}{\it fun}&delete breakpoints at entry to {\it fun}()\cr
-clear \opt{\it file\tt:}{\it line}&delete breakpoints on source line \cr
-delete \opt{{\it n}}&delete breakpoints
-\opt{or breakpoint {\it n}}\cr
-\cr
-disable \opt{{\it n}}&disable breakpoints
-\opt{or breakpoint {\it n}}
-\cr
-enable \opt{{\it n}}&enable breakpoints
-\opt{or breakpoint {\it n}}
-\cr
-enable once \opt{{\it n}}&enable breakpoints \opt{or breakpoint {\it n}};
-disable again when reached
-\cr
-enable del \opt{{\it n}}&enable breakpoints \opt{or breakpoint {\it n}};
-delete when reached
-\cr
-\cr
-ignore {\it n} {\it count}&ignore breakpoint {\it n}, {\it count}
-times\cr
-\cr
-commands {\it n}\par
-\qquad \opt{\tt silent}\par
-\qquad {\it command-list}&execute GDB {\it command-list} every time breakpoint {\it n} is reached. \opt{{\tt silent} suppresses default
-display}\cr
-end&end of {\it command-list}\cr
-\endsec
-
-\sec Program Stack;
-backtrace \opt{\it n}\par
-bt \opt{\it n}&print trace of all frames in stack; or of {\it n}
-frames---innermost if {\it n}{\tt >0}, outermost if {\it n}{\tt <0}\cr
-frame \opt{\it n}&select frame number {\it n} or frame at address {\it
-n}; if no {\it n}, display current frame\cr
-up {\it n}&select frame {\it n} frames up\cr
-down {\it n}&select frame {\it n} frames down\cr
-info frame \opt{\it addr}&describe selected frame, or frame at
-{\it addr}\cr
-info args&arguments of selected frame\cr
-info locals&local variables of selected frame\cr
-info reg \opt{\it rn}\par
-info all-reg \opt{\it rn}&register values \opt{for reg {\it rn\/}} in
-selected frame; {\tt all-reg} includes floating point\cr
-info catch&exception handlers active in selected frame\cr
-\endsec
-
-\vfill\eject
-\sec Execution Control;
-continue \opt{\it count}\par
-c \opt{\it count}&continue running; if {\it count} specified, ignore
-this breakpoint next {\it count} times\cr
-\cr
-step \opt{\it count}\par
-s \opt{\it count}&execute until another line reached; repeat {\it count} times if
-specified\cr
-stepi \opt{\it count}\par
-si \opt{\it count}&step by machine instructions rather than source
-lines\cr
-\cr
-next \opt{\it count}\par
-n \opt{\it count}&execute next line, including any function calls\cr
-nexti \opt{\it count}\par
-ni \opt{\it count}&next machine instruction rather than source
-line\cr
-\cr
-until \opt{\it location}&run until next instruction (or {\it
-location})\cr
-finish&run until selected stack frame returns\cr
-return \opt{\it expr}&pop selected stack frame without executing
-\opt{setting return value}\cr
-signal {\it num}&resume execution with signal {\it s} (none if {\tt 0})\cr
-jump {\it line}\par
-jump *{\it address}&resume execution at specified {\it line} number or
-{\it address}\cr
-set var={\it expr}&evaluate {\it expr} without displaying it; use for
-altering program variables\cr
-\endsec
-
-\sec Display;
-print \opt{\tt/{\it f}\/} \opt{\it expr}\par
-p \opt{\tt/{\it f}\/} \opt{\it expr}&show value of {\it expr} \opt{or
-last value \tt \$} according to format {\it f}:\cr
-\qquad x&hexadecimal\cr
-\qquad d&signed decimal\cr
-\qquad u&unsigned decimal\cr
-\qquad o&octal\cr
-\qquad t&binary\cr
-\qquad a&address, absolute and relative\cr
-\qquad c&character\cr
-\qquad f&floating point\cr
-call \opt{\tt /{\it f}\/} {\it expr}&like {\tt print} but does not display
-{\tt void}\cr
-x \opt{\tt/{\it Nuf}\/} {\it expr}&examine memory at address {\it expr};
-optional format spec follows slash\cr
-\quad {\it N}&count of how many units to display\cr
-\quad {\it u}&unit size; one of\cr
-&{\tt\qquad b}\ individual bytes\cr
-&{\tt\qquad h}\ halfwords (two bytes)\cr
-&{\tt\qquad w}\ words (four bytes)\cr
-&{\tt\qquad g}\ giant words (eight bytes)\cr
-\quad {\it f}&printing format. Any {\tt print} format, or\cr
-&{\tt\qquad s}\ null-terminated string\cr
-&{\tt\qquad i}\ machine instructions\cr
-disassem \opt{\it addr}&display memory as machine instructions\cr
-\endsec
-
-\sec Automatic Display;
-display \opt{\tt/\it f\/} {\it expr}&show value of {\it expr} each time
-program stops \opt{according to format {\it f}\/}\cr
-display&display all enabled expressions on list\cr
-undisplay {\it n}&remove number(s) {\it n} from list of
-automatically displayed expressions\cr
-disable disp {\it n}&disable display for expression(s) number {\it
-n}\cr
-enable disp {\it n}&enable display for expression(s) number {\it
-n}\cr
-info display&numbered list of display expressions\cr
-\endsec
-
-\vfill\eject
-
-\sec Expressions;
-{\it expr}&an expression in C, C++, or Modula-2 (including function calls), or:\cr
-{\it addr\/}@{\it len}&an array of {\it len} elements beginning at {\it
-addr}\cr
-{\it file}::{\it nm}&a variable or function {\it nm} defined in {\it
-file}\cr
-$\tt\{${\it type}$\tt\}${\it addr}&read memory at {\it addr} as specified
-{\it type}\cr
-\$&most recent displayed value\cr
-\${\it n}&{\it n}th displayed value\cr
-\$\$&displayed value previous to \$\cr
-\$\${\it n}&{\it n}th displayed value back from \$\cr
-\$\_&last address examined with {\tt x}\cr
-\$\_\_&value at address \$\_\cr
-\${\it var}&convenience variable; assign any value\cr
-\cr
-show values \opt{{\it n}}&show last 10 values \opt{or surrounding
-\${\it n}}\cr
-show convenience&display all convenience variables\cr
-\endsec
-
-\sec Symbol Table;
-info address {\it s}&show where symbol {\it s} is stored\cr
-info func \opt{\it regex}&show names, types of defined functions
-(all, or matching {\it regex})\cr
-info var \opt{\it regex}&show names, types of global variables (all,
-or matching {\it regex})\cr
-whatis \opt{\it expr}\par
-ptype \opt{\it expr}&show data type of {\it expr} \opt{or \tt \$}
-without evaluating; {\tt ptype} gives more detail\cr
-ptype {\it type}&describe type, struct, union, or enum\cr
-\endsec
-
-\sec GDB Scripts;
-source {\it script}&read, execute GDB commands from file {\it
-script}\cr
-\cr
-define {\it cmd}\par
-\qquad {\it command-list}&create new GDB command {\it cmd};
-execute script defined by {\it command-list}\cr
-end&end of {\it command-list}\cr
-document {\it cmd}\par
-\qquad {\it help-text}&create online documentation
-for new GDB command {\it cmd}\cr
-end&end of {\it help-text}\cr
-\endsec
-
-\sec Signals;
-handle {\it signal} {\it act}&specify GDB actions for {\it signal}:\cr
-\quad print&announce signal\cr
-\quad noprint&be silent for signal\cr
-\quad stop&halt execution on signal\cr
-\quad nostop&do not halt execution\cr
-\quad pass&allow your program to handle signal\cr
-\quad nopass&do not allow your program to see signal\cr
-info signals&show table of signals, GDB action for each\cr
-\endsec
-
-\sec Debugging Targets;
-target {\it type} {\it param}&connect to target machine, process, or file\cr
-help target&display available targets\cr
-attach {\it param}&connect to another process\cr
-detach&release target from GDB control\cr
-\endsec
-
-\vfill\eject
-\sec Controlling GDB;
-set {\it param} {\it value}&set one of GDB's internal parameters\cr
-show {\it param}&display current setting of parameter\cr
-\xtra{\rm Parameters understood by {\tt set} and {\tt show}:}
-\quad complaints {\it limit}&number of messages on unusual symbols\cr
-\quad confirm {\it on/off}&enable or disable cautionary queries\cr
-\quad editing {\it on/off}&control {\tt readline} command-line editing\cr
-\quad height {\it lpp}&number of lines before pause in display\cr
-\quad language {\it lang}&Language for GDB expressions ({\tt auto}, {\tt c} or
-{\tt modula-2})\cr
-\quad listsize {\it n}&number of lines shown by {\tt list}\cr
-\quad prompt {\it str}&use {\it str} as GDB prompt\cr
-\quad radix {\it base}&octal, decimal, or hex number representation\cr
-\quad verbose {\it on/off}&control messages when loading
-symbols\cr
-\quad width {\it cpl}&number of characters before line folded\cr
-\quad write {\it on/off}&Allow or forbid patching binary, core files
-(when reopened with {\tt exec} or {\tt core})
-\cr
-\quad history $\ldots$\par
-\quad h $\ldots$&groups with the following options:\cr
-\quad h exp {\it off/on}&disable/enable {\tt readline} history expansion\cr
-\quad h file {\it filename}&file for recording GDB command history\cr
-\quad h size {\it size}&number of commands kept in history list\cr
-\quad h save {\it off/on}&control use of external file for
-command history\cr
-\cr
-\quad print $\ldots$\par
-\quad p $\ldots$&groups with the following options:\cr
-\quad p address {\it on/off}&print memory addresses in stacks,
-values\cr
-\quad p array {\it off/on}&compact or attractive format for
-arrays\cr
-\quad p demangl {\it on/off}&source (demangled) or internal form for C++
-symbols\cr
-\quad p asm-dem {\it on/off}&demangle C++ symbols in
-machine-instruction output\cr
-\quad p elements {\it limit}&number of array elements to display\cr
-\quad p object {\it on/off}&print C++ derived types for objects\cr
-\quad p pretty {\it off/on}&struct display: compact or indented\cr
-\quad p union {\it on/off}&display of union members\cr
-\quad p vtbl {\it off/on}&display of C++ virtual function
-tables\cr
-\cr
-show commands&show last 10 commands\cr
-show commands {\it n}&show 10 commands around number {\it n}\cr
-show commands +&show next 10 commands\cr
-\endsec
-
-\sec Working Files;
-file \opt{\it file}&use {\it file} for both symbols and executable;
-with no arg, discard both\cr
-core \opt{\it file}&read {\it file} as coredump; or discard\cr
-exec \opt{\it file}&use {\it file} as executable only; or discard\cr
-symbol \opt{\it file}&use symbol table from {\it file}; or discard\cr
-load {\it file}&dynamically link {\it file\/} and add its symbols\cr
-add-sym {\it file} {\it addr}&read additional symbols from {\it file},
-dynamically loaded at {\it addr}\cr
-info files&display working files and targets in use\cr
-path {\it dirs}&add {\it dirs} to front of path searched for
-executable and symbol files\cr
-show path&display executable and symbol file path\cr
-info share&list names of shared libraries currently loaded\cr
-\endsec
-
-\vfill\eject
-\sec Source Files;
-dir {\it names}&add directory {\it names} to front of source path\cr
-dir&clear source path\cr
-show dir&show current source path\cr
-\cr
-list&show next ten lines of source\cr
-list -&show previous ten lines\cr
-list {\it lines}&display source centered around {\it lines},
-specified as one of:\cr
-\quad{\opt{\it file\tt:}\it num}&line number \opt{in named file}\cr
-\quad{\opt{\it file\tt:}\it function}&beginning of function \opt{in
-named file}\cr
-\quad{\tt +\it off}&{\it off} lines after last printed\cr
-\quad{\tt -\it off}&{\it off} lines previous to last printed\cr
-\quad{\tt*\it address}&line containing {\it address}\cr
-list {\it f},{\it l}&from line {\it f} to line {\it l}\cr
-info line {\it num}&show starting, ending addresses of compiled code for
-source line {\it num}\cr
-info source&show name of current source file\cr
-info sources&list all source files in use\cr
-forw {\it regex}&search following source lines for {\it regex}\cr
-rev {\it regex}&search preceding source lines for {\it regex}\cr
-\endsec
-
-\sec GDB under GNU Emacs;
-M-x gdb&run GDB under Emacs\cr
-\ctl{h} m&describe GDB mode\cr
-M-s&step one line ({\tt step})\cr
-M-n&next line ({\tt next})\cr
-M-i&step one instruction ({\tt stepi})\cr
-\ctl{c} \ctl{f}&finish current stack frame ({\tt finish})\cr
-M-c&continue ({\tt cont})\cr
-M-u&up {\it arg} frames ({\tt up})\cr
-M-d&down {\it arg} frames ({\tt down})\cr
-\ctl{x} \&&copy number from point, insert at end\cr
-\ctl{x} SPC&(in source file) set break at point\cr
-\endsec
-
-\sec GDB License;
-show copying&Display GNU General Public License\cr
-show warranty&There is NO WARRANTY for GDB. Display full no-warranty
-statement.\cr
-\endsec
-
-
-\vfill
-{\smrm\parskip=6pt
-\centerline{Copyright \copyright 1991, 1992 Free Software Foundation, Inc.}
-\centerline{Roland Pesch (pesch@cygnus.com), January 1992---\manvers}
-\centerline{The author assumes no responsibility for any errors on this card.}
-
-This card may be freely distributed under the terms of the GNU
-General Public License.
-
-\centerline{Please contribute to development of this card by
-annotating it.}
-
-GDB itself is free software; you are welcome to distribute copies of
-it under the terms of the GNU General Public License. There is
-absolutely no warranty for GDB.
-}
-\end
diff --git a/gdb/doc/remote.texi b/gdb/doc/remote.texi
deleted file mode 100644
index 816b658..0000000
--- a/gdb/doc/remote.texi
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,1708 +0,0 @@
-@c -*- Texinfo -*-
-@c Copyright (c) 1990 1991 1992 1993 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
-@c This file is part of the source for the GDB manual.
-@c This text diverted to "Remote Debugging" section in general case;
-@c however, if we're doing a manual specifically for one of these, it
-@c belongs up front (in "Getting In and Out" chapter).
-
-@ifset REMOTESTUB
-@node Remote Serial
-@subsection The @value{GDBN} remote serial protocol
-
-@cindex remote serial debugging, overview
-To debug a program running on another machine (the debugging
-@dfn{target} machine), you must first arrange for all the usual
-prerequisites for the program to run by itself. For example, for a C
-program, you need:
-
-@enumerate
-@item
-A startup routine to set up the C runtime environment; these usually
-have a name like @file{crt0}. The startup routine may be supplied by
-your hardware supplier, or you may have to write your own.
-
-@item
-You probably need a C subroutine library to support your program's
-subroutine calls, notably managing input and output.
-
-@item
-A way of getting your program to the other machine---for example, a
-download program. These are often supplied by the hardware
-manufacturer, but you may have to write your own from hardware
-documentation.
-@end enumerate
-
-The next step is to arrange for your program to use a serial port to
-communicate with the machine where @value{GDBN} is running (the @dfn{host}
-machine). In general terms, the scheme looks like this:
-
-@table @emph
-@item On the host,
-@value{GDBN} already understands how to use this protocol; when everything
-else is set up, you can simply use the @samp{target remote} command
-(@pxref{Targets,,Specifying a Debugging Target}).
-
-@item On the target,
-you must link with your program a few special-purpose subroutines that
-implement the @value{GDBN} remote serial protocol. The file containing these
-subroutines is called a @dfn{debugging stub}.
-
-@ifset GDBSERVER
-On certain remote targets, you can use an auxiliary program
-@code{gdbserver} instead of linking a stub into your program.
-@xref{Server,,Using the @code{gdbserver} program}, for details.
-@end ifset
-@end table
-
-The debugging stub is specific to the architecture of the remote
-machine; for example, use @file{sparc-stub.c} to debug programs on
-@sc{sparc} boards.
-
-@cindex remote serial stub list
-These working remote stubs are distributed with @value{GDBN}:
-
-@table @code
-
-@item i386-stub.c
-@kindex i386-stub.c
-@cindex Intel
-@cindex i386
-For Intel 386 and compatible architectures.
-
-@item m68k-stub.c
-@kindex m68k-stub.c
-@cindex Motorola 680x0
-@cindex m680x0
-For Motorola 680x0 architectures.
-
-@item sh-stub.c
-@kindex sh-stub.c
-@cindex Hitachi
-@cindex SH
-For Hitachi SH architectures.
-
-@item sparc-stub.c
-@kindex sparc-stub.c
-@cindex Sparc
-For @sc{sparc} architectures.
-
-@item sparcl-stub.c
-@kindex sparcl-stub.c
-@cindex Fujitsu
-@cindex SparcLite
-For Fujitsu @sc{sparclite} architectures.
-
-@end table
-
-The @file{README} file in the @value{GDBN} distribution may list other
-recently added stubs.
-
-@menu
-* Stub Contents:: What the stub can do for you
-* Bootstrapping:: What you must do for the stub
-* Debug Session:: Putting it all together
-* Protocol:: Outline of the communication protocol
-@ifset GDBSERVER
-* Server:: Using the `gdbserver' program
-@end ifset
-@ifset GDBSERVE
-* NetWare:: Using the `gdbserve.nlm' program
-@end ifset
-@end menu
-
-@node Stub Contents
-@subsubsection What the stub can do for you
-
-@cindex remote serial stub
-The debugging stub for your architecture supplies these three
-subroutines:
-
-@table @code
-@item set_debug_traps
-@kindex set_debug_traps
-@cindex remote serial stub, initialization
-This routine arranges for @code{handle_exception} to run when your
-program stops. You must call this subroutine explicitly near the
-beginning of your program.
-
-@item handle_exception
-@kindex handle_exception
-@cindex remote serial stub, main routine
-This is the central workhorse, but your program never calls it
-explicitly---the setup code arranges for @code{handle_exception} to
-run when a trap is triggered.
-
-@code{handle_exception} takes control when your program stops during
-execution (for example, on a breakpoint), and mediates communications
-with @value{GDBN} on the host machine. This is where the communications
-protocol is implemented; @code{handle_exception} acts as the @value{GDBN}
-representative on the target machine; it begins by sending summary
-information on the state of your program, then continues to execute,
-retrieving and transmitting any information @value{GDBN} needs, until you
-execute a @value{GDBN} command that makes your program resume; at that point,
-@code{handle_exception} returns control to your own code on the target
-machine.
-
-@item breakpoint
-@cindex @code{breakpoint} subroutine, remote
-Use this auxiliary subroutine to make your program contain a
-breakpoint. Depending on the particular situation, this may be the only
-way for @value{GDBN} to get control. For instance, if your target
-machine has some sort of interrupt button, you won't need to call this;
-pressing the interrupt button transfers control to
-@code{handle_exception}---in effect, to @value{GDBN}. On some machines,
-simply receiving characters on the serial port may also trigger a trap;
-again, in that situation, you don't need to call @code{breakpoint} from
-your own program---simply running @samp{target remote} from the host
-@value{GDBN} session gets control.
-
-Call @code{breakpoint} if none of these is true, or if you simply want
-to make certain your program stops at a predetermined point for the
-start of your debugging session.
-@end table
-
-@node Bootstrapping
-@subsubsection What you must do for the stub
-
-@cindex remote stub, support routines
-The debugging stubs that come with @value{GDBN} are set up for a particular
-chip architecture, but they have no information about the rest of your
-debugging target machine.
-
-First of all you need to tell the stub how to communicate with the
-serial port.
-
-@table @code
-@item int getDebugChar()
-@kindex getDebugChar
-Write this subroutine to read a single character from the serial port.
-It may be identical to @code{getchar} for your target system; a
-different name is used to allow you to distinguish the two if you wish.
-
-@item void putDebugChar(int)
-@kindex putDebugChar
-Write this subroutine to write a single character to the serial port.
-It may be identical to @code{putchar} for your target system; a
-different name is used to allow you to distinguish the two if you wish.
-@end table
-
-@cindex control C, and remote debugging
-@cindex interrupting remote targets
-If you want @value{GDBN} to be able to stop your program while it is
-running, you need to use an interrupt-driven serial driver, and arrange
-for it to stop when it receives a @code{^C} (@samp{\003}, the control-C
-character). That is the character which @value{GDBN} uses to tell the
-remote system to stop.
-
-Getting the debugging target to return the proper status to @value{GDBN}
-probably requires changes to the standard stub; one quick and dirty way
-is to just execute a breakpoint instruction (the ``dirty'' part is that
-@value{GDBN} reports a @code{SIGTRAP} instead of a @code{SIGINT}).
-
-Other routines you need to supply are:
-
-@table @code
-@item void exceptionHandler (int @var{exception_number}, void *@var{exception_address})
-@kindex exceptionHandler
-Write this function to install @var{exception_address} in the exception
-handling tables. You need to do this because the stub does not have any
-way of knowing what the exception handling tables on your target system
-are like (for example, the processor's table might be in @sc{rom},
-containing entries which point to a table in @sc{ram}).
-@var{exception_number} is the exception number which should be changed;
-its meaning is architecture-dependent (for example, different numbers
-might represent divide by zero, misaligned access, etc). When this
-exception occurs, control should be transferred directly to
-@var{exception_address}, and the processor state (stack, registers,
-and so on) should be just as it is when a processor exception occurs. So if
-you want to use a jump instruction to reach @var{exception_address}, it
-should be a simple jump, not a jump to subroutine.
-
-For the 386, @var{exception_address} should be installed as an interrupt
-gate so that interrupts are masked while the handler runs. The gate
-should be at privilege level 0 (the most privileged level). The
-@sc{sparc} and 68k stubs are able to mask interrup themselves without
-help from @code{exceptionHandler}.
-
-@item void flush_i_cache()
-@kindex flush_i_cache
-(sparc and sparclite only) Write this subroutine to flush the
-instruction cache, if any, on your target machine. If there is no
-instruction cache, this subroutine may be a no-op.
-
-On target machines that have instruction caches, @value{GDBN} requires this
-function to make certain that the state of your program is stable.
-@end table
-
-@noindent
-You must also make sure this library routine is available:
-
-@table @code
-@item void *memset(void *, int, int)
-@kindex memset
-This is the standard library function @code{memset} that sets an area of
-memory to a known value. If you have one of the free versions of
-@code{libc.a}, @code{memset} can be found there; otherwise, you must
-either obtain it from your hardware manufacturer, or write your own.
-@end table
-
-If you do not use the GNU C compiler, you may need other standard
-library subroutines as well; this varies from one stub to another,
-but in general the stubs are likely to use any of the common library
-subroutines which @code{gcc} generates as inline code.
-
-
-@node Debug Session
-@subsubsection Putting it all together
-
-@cindex remote serial debugging summary
-In summary, when your program is ready to debug, you must follow these
-steps.
-
-@enumerate
-@item
-Make sure you have the supporting low-level routines
-(@pxref{Bootstrapping,,What you must do for the stub}):
-@display
-@code{getDebugChar}, @code{putDebugChar},
-@code{flush_i_cache}, @code{memset}, @code{exceptionHandler}.
-@end display
-
-@item
-Insert these lines near the top of your program:
-
-@example
-set_debug_traps();
-breakpoint();
-@end example
-
-@item
-For the 680x0 stub only, you need to provide a variable called
-@code{exceptionHook}. Normally you just use:
-
-@example
-void (*exceptionHook)() = 0;
-@end example
-
-but if before calling @code{set_debug_traps}, you set it to point to a
-function in your program, that function is called when
-@code{@value{GDBN}} continues after stopping on a trap (for example, bus
-error). The function indicated by @code{exceptionHook} is called with
-one parameter: an @code{int} which is the exception number.
-
-@item
-Compile and link together: your program, the @value{GDBN} debugging stub for
-your target architecture, and the supporting subroutines.
-
-@item
-Make sure you have a serial connection between your target machine and
-the @value{GDBN} host, and identify the serial port on the host.
-
-@item
-@c The "remote" target now provides a `load' command, so we should
-@c document that. FIXME.
-Download your program to your target machine (or get it there by
-whatever means the manufacturer provides), and start it.
-
-@item
-To start remote debugging, run @value{GDBN} on the host machine, and specify
-as an executable file the program that is running in the remote machine.
-This tells @value{GDBN} how to find your program's symbols and the contents
-of its pure text.
-
-@cindex serial line, @code{target remote}
-Then establish communication using the @code{target remote} command.
-Its argument specifies how to communicate with the target
-machine---either via a devicename attached to a direct serial line, or a
-TCP port (usually to a terminal server which in turn has a serial line
-to the target). For example, to use a serial line connected to the
-device named @file{/dev/ttyb}:
-
-@example
-target remote /dev/ttyb
-@end example
-
-@cindex TCP port, @code{target remote}
-To use a TCP connection, use an argument of the form
-@code{@var{host}:port}. For example, to connect to port 2828 on a
-terminal server named @code{manyfarms}:
-
-@example
-target remote manyfarms:2828
-@end example
-@end enumerate
-
-Now you can use all the usual commands to examine and change data and to
-step and continue the remote program.
-
-To resume the remote program and stop debugging it, use the @code{detach}
-command.
-
-@cindex interrupting remote programs
-@cindex remote programs, interrupting
-Whenever @value{GDBN} is waiting for the remote program, if you type the
-interrupt character (often @key{C-C}), @value{GDBN} attempts to stop the
-program. This may or may not succeed, depending in part on the hardware
-and the serial drivers the remote system uses. If you type the
-interrupt character once again, @value{GDBN} displays this prompt:
-
-@example
-Interrupted while waiting for the program.
-Give up (and stop debugging it)? (y or n)
-@end example
-
-If you type @kbd{y}, @value{GDBN} abandons the remote debugging session.
-(If you decide you want to try again later, you can use @samp{target
-remote} again to connect once more.) If you type @kbd{n}, @value{GDBN}
-goes back to waiting.
-
-@node Protocol
-@subsubsection Communication protocol
-
-@cindex debugging stub, example
-@cindex remote stub, example
-@cindex stub example, remote debugging
-The stub files provided with @value{GDBN} implement the target side of the
-communication protocol, and the @value{GDBN} side is implemented in the
-@value{GDBN} source file @file{remote.c}. Normally, you can simply allow
-these subroutines to communicate, and ignore the details. (If you're
-implementing your own stub file, you can still ignore the details: start
-with one of the existing stub files. @file{sparc-stub.c} is the best
-organized, and therefore the easiest to read.)
-
-However, there may be occasions when you need to know something about
-the protocol---for example, if there is only one serial port to your
-target machine, you might want your program to do something special if
-it recognizes a packet meant for @value{GDBN}.
-
-@cindex protocol, @value{GDBN} remote serial
-@cindex serial protocol, @value{GDBN} remote
-@cindex remote serial protocol
-All @value{GDBN} commands and responses (other than acknowledgements, which
-are single characters) are sent as a packet which includes a
-checksum. A packet is introduced with the character @samp{$}, and ends
-with the character @samp{#} followed by a two-digit checksum:
-
-@example
-$@var{packet info}#@var{checksum}
-@end example
-
-@cindex checksum, for @value{GDBN} remote
-@noindent
-@var{checksum} is computed as the modulo 256 sum of the @var{packet
-info} characters.
-
-When either the host or the target machine receives a packet, the first
-response expected is an acknowledgement: a single character, either
-@samp{+} (to indicate the package was received correctly) or @samp{-}
-(to request retransmission).
-
-The host (@value{GDBN}) sends commands, and the target (the debugging stub
-incorporated in your program) sends data in response. The target also
-sends data when your program stops.
-
-Command packets are distinguished by their first character, which
-identifies the kind of command.
-
-These are some of the commands currently supported (for a complete list of
-commands, look in @file{gdb/remote.c.}):
-
-@table @code
-@item g
-Requests the values of CPU registers.
-
-@item G
-Sets the values of CPU registers.
-
-@item m@var{addr},@var{count}
-Read @var{count} bytes at location @var{addr}.
-
-@item M@var{addr},@var{count}:@dots{}
-Write @var{count} bytes at location @var{addr}.
-
-@need 500
-@item c
-@itemx c@var{addr}
-Resume execution at the current address (or at @var{addr} if supplied).
-
-@need 500
-@item s
-@itemx s@var{addr}
-Step the target program for one instruction, from either the current
-program counter or from @var{addr} if supplied.
-
-@item k
-Kill the target program.
-
-@item ?
-Report the most recent signal. To allow you to take advantage of the
-@value{GDBN} signal handling commands, one of the functions of the debugging
-stub is to report CPU traps as the corresponding POSIX signal values.
-
-@item T
-Allows the remote stub to send only the registers that @value{GDBN} needs
-to make a quick decision about single-stepping or conditional breakpoints.
-This eliminates the need to fetch the entire register set for each instruction
-being stepped through.
-
-@value{GDBN} now implements a write-through cache for registers and only
-re-reads the registers if the target has run.
-@end table
-
-@kindex set remotedebug
-@kindex show remotedebug
-@cindex packets, reporting on stdout
-@cindex serial connections, debugging
-If you have trouble with the serial connection, you can use the command
-@code{set remotedebug}. This makes @value{GDBN} report on all packets sent
-back and forth across the serial line to the remote machine. The
-packet-debugging information is printed on the @value{GDBN} standard output
-stream. @code{set remotedebug off} turns it off, and @code{show
-remotedebug} shows you its current state.
-
-@ifset GDBSERVER
-@node Server
-@subsubsection Using the @code{gdbserver} program
-
-@kindex gdbserver
-@cindex remote connection without stubs
-@code{gdbserver} is a control program for Unix-like systems, which
-allows you to connect your program with a remote @value{GDBN} via
-@code{target remote}---but without linking in the usual debugging stub.
-
-@code{gdbserver} is not a complete replacement for the debugging stubs,
-because it requires essentially the same operating-system facilities
-that @value{GDBN} itself does. In fact, a system that can run
-@code{gdbserver} to connect to a remote @value{GDBN} could also run
-@value{GDBN} locally! @code{gdbserver} is sometimes useful nevertheless,
-because it is a much smaller program than @value{GDBN} itself. It is
-also easier to port than all of @value{GDBN}, so you may be able to get
-started more quickly on a new system by using @code{gdbserver}.
-Finally, if you develop code for real-time systems, you may find that
-the tradeoffs involved in real-time operation make it more convenient to
-do as much development work as possible on another system, for example
-by cross-compiling. You can use @code{gdbserver} to make a similar
-choice for debugging.
-
-@value{GDBN} and @code{gdbserver} communicate via either a serial line
-or a TCP connection, using the standard @value{GDBN} remote serial
-protocol.
-
-@table @emph
-@item On the target machine,
-you need to have a copy of the program you want to debug.
-@code{gdbserver} does not need your program's symbol table, so you can
-strip the program if necessary to save space. @value{GDBN} on the host
-system does all the symbol handling.
-
-To use the server, you must tell it how to communicate with @value{GDBN};
-the name of your program; and the arguments for your program. The
-syntax is:
-
-@smallexample
-target> gdbserver @var{comm} @var{program} [ @var{args} @dots{} ]
-@end smallexample
-
-@var{comm} is either a device name (to use a serial line) or a TCP
-hostname and portnumber. For example, to debug Emacs with the argument
-@samp{foo.txt} and communicate with @value{GDBN} over the serial port
-@file{/dev/com1}:
-
-@smallexample
-target> gdbserver /dev/com1 emacs foo.txt
-@end smallexample
-
-@code{gdbserver} waits passively for the host @value{GDBN} to communicate
-with it.
-
-To use a TCP connection instead of a serial line:
-
-@smallexample
-target> gdbserver host:2345 emacs foo.txt
-@end smallexample
-
-The only difference from the previous example is the first argument,
-specifying that you are communicating with the host @value{GDBN} via
-TCP. The @samp{host:2345} argument means that @code{gdbserver} is to
-expect a TCP connection from machine @samp{host} to local TCP port 2345.
-(Currently, the @samp{host} part is ignored.) You can choose any number
-you want for the port number as long as it does not conflict with any
-TCP ports already in use on the target system (for example, @code{23} is
-reserved for @code{telnet}).@footnote{If you choose a port number that
-conflicts with another service, @code{gdbserver} prints an error message
-and exits.} You must use the same port number with the host @value{GDBN}
-@code{target remote} command.
-
-@item On the @value{GDBN} host machine,
-you need an unstripped copy of your program, since @value{GDBN} needs
-symbols and debugging information. Start up @value{GDBN} as usual,
-using the name of the local copy of your program as the first argument.
-(You may also need the @w{@samp{--baud}} option if the serial line is
-running at anything other than 9600 bps.) After that, use @code{target
-remote} to establish communications with @code{gdbserver}. Its argument
-is either a device name (usually a serial device, like
-@file{/dev/ttyb}), or a TCP port descriptor in the form
-@code{@var{host}:@var{PORT}}. For example:
-
-@smallexample
-(@value{GDBP}) target remote /dev/ttyb
-@end smallexample
-
-@noindent
-communicates with the server via serial line @file{/dev/ttyb}, and
-
-@smallexample
-(@value{GDBP}) target remote the-target:2345
-@end smallexample
-
-@noindent
-communicates via a TCP connection to port 2345 on host @w{@file{the-target}}.
-For TCP connections, you must start up @code{gdbserver} prior to using
-the @code{target remote} command. Otherwise you may get an error whose
-text depends on the host system, but which usually looks something like
-@samp{Connection refused}.
-@end table
-@end ifset
-
-@ifset GDBSERVE
-@node NetWare
-@subsubsection Using the @code{gdbserve.nlm} program
-
-@kindex gdbserve.nlm
-@code{gdbserve.nlm} is a control program for NetWare systems, which
-allows you to connect your program with a remote @value{GDBN} via
-@code{target remote}.
-
-@value{GDBN} and @code{gdbserve.nlm} communicate via a serial line,
-using the standard @value{GDBN} remote serial protocol.
-
-@table @emph
-@item On the target machine,
-you need to have a copy of the program you want to debug.
-@code{gdbserve.nlm} does not need your program's symbol table, so you
-can strip the program if necessary to save space. @value{GDBN} on the
-host system does all the symbol handling.
-
-To use the server, you must tell it how to communicate with
-@value{GDBN}; the name of your program; and the arguments for your
-program. The syntax is:
-
-@smallexample
-load gdbserve [ BOARD=@var{board} ] [ PORT=@var{port} ]
- [ BAUD=@var{baud} ] @var{program} [ @var{args} @dots{} ]
-@end smallexample
-
-@var{board} and @var{port} specify the serial line; @var{baud} specifies
-the baud rate used by the connection. @var{port} and @var{node} default
-to 0, @var{baud} defaults to 9600 bps.
-
-For example, to debug Emacs with the argument @samp{foo.txt}and
-communicate with @value{GDBN} over serial port number 2 or board 1
-using a 19200 bps connection:
-
-@smallexample
-load gdbserve BOARD=1 PORT=2 BAUD=19200 emacs foo.txt
-@end smallexample
-
-@item On the @value{GDBN} host machine,
-you need an unstripped copy of your program, since @value{GDBN} needs
-symbols and debugging information. Start up @value{GDBN} as usual,
-using the name of the local copy of your program as the first argument.
-(You may also need the @w{@samp{--baud}} option if the serial line is
-running at anything other than 9600 bps. After that, use @code{target
-remote} to establish communications with @code{gdbserve.nlm}. Its
-argument is a device name (usually a serial device, like
-@file{/dev/ttyb}). For example:
-
-@smallexample
-(@value{GDBP}) target remote /dev/ttyb
-@end smallexample
-
-@noindent
-communications with the server via serial line @file{/dev/ttyb}.
-@end table
-@end ifset
-
-@end ifset
-
-@ifset I960
-@node i960-Nindy Remote
-@subsection @value{GDBN} with a remote i960 (Nindy)
-
-@cindex Nindy
-@cindex i960
-@dfn{Nindy} is a ROM Monitor program for Intel 960 target systems. When
-@value{GDBN} is configured to control a remote Intel 960 using Nindy, you can
-tell @value{GDBN} how to connect to the 960 in several ways:
-
-@itemize @bullet
-@item
-Through command line options specifying serial port, version of the
-Nindy protocol, and communications speed;
-
-@item
-By responding to a prompt on startup;
-
-@item
-By using the @code{target} command at any point during your @value{GDBN}
-session. @xref{Target Commands, ,Commands for managing targets}.
-
-@end itemize
-
-@menu
-* Nindy Startup:: Startup with Nindy
-* Nindy Options:: Options for Nindy
-* Nindy Reset:: Nindy reset command
-@end menu
-
-@node Nindy Startup
-@subsubsection Startup with Nindy
-
-If you simply start @code{@value{GDBP}} without using any command-line
-options, you are prompted for what serial port to use, @emph{before} you
-reach the ordinary @value{GDBN} prompt:
-
-@example
-Attach /dev/ttyNN -- specify NN, or "quit" to quit:
-@end example
-
-@noindent
-Respond to the prompt with whatever suffix (after @samp{/dev/tty})
-identifies the serial port you want to use. You can, if you choose,
-simply start up with no Nindy connection by responding to the prompt
-with an empty line. If you do this and later wish to attach to Nindy,
-use @code{target} (@pxref{Target Commands, ,Commands for managing targets}).
-
-@node Nindy Options
-@subsubsection Options for Nindy
-
-These are the startup options for beginning your @value{GDBN} session with a
-Nindy-960 board attached:
-
-@table @code
-@item -r @var{port}
-Specify the serial port name of a serial interface to be used to connect
-to the target system. This option is only available when @value{GDBN} is
-configured for the Intel 960 target architecture. You may specify
-@var{port} as any of: a full pathname (e.g. @samp{-r /dev/ttya}), a
-device name in @file{/dev} (e.g. @samp{-r ttya}), or simply the unique
-suffix for a specific @code{tty} (e.g. @samp{-r a}).
-
-@item -O
-(An uppercase letter ``O'', not a zero.) Specify that @value{GDBN} should use
-the ``old'' Nindy monitor protocol to connect to the target system.
-This option is only available when @value{GDBN} is configured for the Intel 960
-target architecture.
-
-@quotation
-@emph{Warning:} if you specify @samp{-O}, but are actually trying to
-connect to a target system that expects the newer protocol, the connection
-fails, appearing to be a speed mismatch. @value{GDBN} repeatedly
-attempts to reconnect at several different line speeds. You can abort
-this process with an interrupt.
-@end quotation
-
-@item -brk
-Specify that @value{GDBN} should first send a @code{BREAK} signal to the target
-system, in an attempt to reset it, before connecting to a Nindy target.
-
-@quotation
-@emph{Warning:} Many target systems do not have the hardware that this
-requires; it only works with a few boards.
-@end quotation
-@end table
-
-The standard @samp{-b} option controls the line speed used on the serial
-port.
-
-@c @group
-@node Nindy Reset
-@subsubsection Nindy reset command
-
-@table @code
-@item reset
-@kindex reset
-For a Nindy target, this command sends a ``break'' to the remote target
-system; this is only useful if the target has been equipped with a
-circuit to perform a hard reset (or some other interesting action) when
-a break is detected.
-@end table
-@c @end group
-@end ifset
-
-@ifset AMD29K
-@node UDI29K Remote
-@subsection The UDI protocol for AMD29K
-
-@cindex UDI
-@cindex AMD29K via UDI
-@value{GDBN} supports AMD's UDI (``Universal Debugger Interface'')
-protocol for debugging the a29k processor family. To use this
-configuration with AMD targets running the MiniMON monitor, you need the
-program @code{MONTIP}, available from AMD at no charge. You can also
-use @value{GDBN} with the UDI-conformant a29k simulator program
-@code{ISSTIP}, also available from AMD.
-
-@table @code
-@item target udi @var{keyword}
-@kindex udi
-Select the UDI interface to a remote a29k board or simulator, where
-@var{keyword} is an entry in the AMD configuration file @file{udi_soc}.
-This file contains keyword entries which specify parameters used to
-connect to a29k targets. If the @file{udi_soc} file is not in your
-working directory, you must set the environment variable @samp{UDICONF}
-to its pathname.
-@end table
-
-@node EB29K Remote
-@subsection The EBMON protocol for AMD29K
-
-@cindex EB29K board
-@cindex running 29K programs
-
-AMD distributes a 29K development board meant to fit in a PC, together
-with a DOS-hosted monitor program called @code{EBMON}. As a shorthand
-term, this development system is called the ``EB29K''. To use
-@value{GDBN} from a Unix system to run programs on the EB29K board, you
-must first connect a serial cable between the PC (which hosts the EB29K
-board) and a serial port on the Unix system. In the following, we
-assume you've hooked the cable between the PC's @file{COM1} port and
-@file{/dev/ttya} on the Unix system.
-
-@menu
-* Comms (EB29K):: Communications setup
-* gdb-EB29K:: EB29K cross-debugging
-* Remote Log:: Remote log
-@end menu
-
-@node Comms (EB29K)
-@subsubsection Communications setup
-
-The next step is to set up the PC's port, by doing something like this
-in DOS on the PC:
-
-@example
-C:\> MODE com1:9600,n,8,1,none
-@end example
-
-@noindent
-This example---run on an MS DOS 4.0 system---sets the PC port to 9600
-bps, no parity, eight data bits, one stop bit, and no ``retry'' action;
-you must match the communications parameters when establishing the Unix
-end of the connection as well.
-@c FIXME: Who knows what this "no retry action" crud from the DOS manual may
-@c mean? It's optional; leave it out? ---doc@cygnus.com, 25feb91
-
-To give control of the PC to the Unix side of the serial line, type
-the following at the DOS console:
-
-@example
-C:\> CTTY com1
-@end example
-
-@noindent
-(Later, if you wish to return control to the DOS console, you can use
-the command @code{CTTY con}---but you must send it over the device that
-had control, in our example over the @file{COM1} serial line).
-
-From the Unix host, use a communications program such as @code{tip} or
-@code{cu} to communicate with the PC; for example,
-
-@example
-cu -s 9600 -l /dev/ttya
-@end example
-
-@noindent
-The @code{cu} options shown specify, respectively, the linespeed and the
-serial port to use. If you use @code{tip} instead, your command line
-may look something like the following:
-
-@example
-tip -9600 /dev/ttya
-@end example
-
-@noindent
-Your system may require a different name where we show
-@file{/dev/ttya} as the argument to @code{tip}. The communications
-parameters, including which port to use, are associated with the
-@code{tip} argument in the ``remote'' descriptions file---normally the
-system table @file{/etc/remote}.
-@c FIXME: What if anything needs doing to match the "n,8,1,none" part of
-@c the DOS side's comms setup? cu can support -o (odd
-@c parity), -e (even parity)---apparently no settings for no parity or
-@c for character size. Taken from stty maybe...? John points out tip
-@c can set these as internal variables, eg ~s parity=none; man stty
-@c suggests that it *might* work to stty these options with stdin or
-@c stdout redirected... ---doc@cygnus.com, 25feb91
-
-@kindex EBMON
-Using the @code{tip} or @code{cu} connection, change the DOS working
-directory to the directory containing a copy of your 29K program, then
-start the PC program @code{EBMON} (an EB29K control program supplied
-with your board by AMD). You should see an initial display from
-@code{EBMON} similar to the one that follows, ending with the
-@code{EBMON} prompt @samp{#}---
-
-@example
-C:\> G:
-
-G:\> CD \usr\joe\work29k
-
-G:\USR\JOE\WORK29K> EBMON
-Am29000 PC Coprocessor Board Monitor, version 3.0-18
-Copyright 1990 Advanced Micro Devices, Inc.
-Written by Gibbons and Associates, Inc.
-
-Enter '?' or 'H' for help
-
-PC Coprocessor Type = EB29K
-I/O Base = 0x208
-Memory Base = 0xd0000
-
-Data Memory Size = 2048KB
-Available I-RAM Range = 0x8000 to 0x1fffff
-Available D-RAM Range = 0x80002000 to 0x801fffff
-
-PageSize = 0x400
-Register Stack Size = 0x800
-Memory Stack Size = 0x1800
-
-CPU PRL = 0x3
-Am29027 Available = No
-Byte Write Available = Yes
-
-# ~.
-@end example
-
-Then exit the @code{cu} or @code{tip} program (done in the example by
-typing @code{~.} at the @code{EBMON} prompt). @code{EBMON} keeps
-running, ready for @value{GDBN} to take over.
-
-For this example, we've assumed what is probably the most convenient
-way to make sure the same 29K program is on both the PC and the Unix
-system: a PC/NFS connection that establishes ``drive @code{G:}'' on the
-PC as a file system on the Unix host. If you do not have PC/NFS or
-something similar connecting the two systems, you must arrange some
-other way---perhaps floppy-disk transfer---of getting the 29K program
-from the Unix system to the PC; @value{GDBN} does @emph{not} download it over the
-serial line.
-
-@node gdb-EB29K
-@subsubsection EB29K cross-debugging
-
-Finally, @code{cd} to the directory containing an image of your 29K
-program on the Unix system, and start @value{GDBN}---specifying as argument the
-name of your 29K program:
-
-@example
-cd /usr/joe/work29k
-@value{GDBP} myfoo
-@end example
-
-@need 500
-Now you can use the @code{target} command:
-
-@example
-target amd-eb /dev/ttya 9600 MYFOO
-@c FIXME: test above 'target amd-eb' as spelled, with caps! caps are meant to
-@c emphasize that this is the name as seen by DOS (since I think DOS is
-@c single-minded about case of letters). ---doc@cygnus.com, 25feb91
-@end example
-
-@noindent
-In this example, we've assumed your program is in a file called
-@file{myfoo}. Note that the filename given as the last argument to
-@code{target amd-eb} should be the name of the program as it appears to DOS.
-In our example this is simply @code{MYFOO}, but in general it can include
-a DOS path, and depending on your transfer mechanism may not resemble
-the name on the Unix side.
-
-At this point, you can set any breakpoints you wish; when you are ready
-to see your program run on the 29K board, use the @value{GDBN} command
-@code{run}.
-
-To stop debugging the remote program, use the @value{GDBN} @code{detach}
-command.
-
-To return control of the PC to its console, use @code{tip} or @code{cu}
-once again, after your @value{GDBN} session has concluded, to attach to
-@code{EBMON}. You can then type the command @code{q} to shut down
-@code{EBMON}, returning control to the DOS command-line interpreter.
-Type @code{CTTY con} to return command input to the main DOS console,
-and type @kbd{~.} to leave @code{tip} or @code{cu}.
-
-@node Remote Log
-@subsubsection Remote log
-@kindex eb.log
-@cindex log file for EB29K
-
-The @code{target amd-eb} command creates a file @file{eb.log} in the
-current working directory, to help debug problems with the connection.
-@file{eb.log} records all the output from @code{EBMON}, including echoes
-of the commands sent to it. Running @samp{tail -f} on this file in
-another window often helps to understand trouble with @code{EBMON}, or
-unexpected events on the PC side of the connection.
-
-@end ifset
-
-@ifset ST2000
-@node ST2000 Remote
-@subsection @value{GDBN} with a Tandem ST2000
-
-To connect your ST2000 to the host system, see the manufacturer's
-manual. Once the ST2000 is physically attached, you can run:
-
-@example
-target st2000 @var{dev} @var{speed}
-@end example
-
-@noindent
-to establish it as your debugging environment. @var{dev} is normally
-the name of a serial device, such as @file{/dev/ttya}, connected to the
-ST2000 via a serial line. You can instead specify @var{dev} as a TCP
-connection (for example, to a serial line attached via a terminal
-concentrator) using the syntax @code{@var{hostname}:@var{portnumber}}.
-
-The @code{load} and @code{attach} commands are @emph{not} defined for
-this target; you must load your program into the ST2000 as you normally
-would for standalone operation. @value{GDBN} reads debugging information
-(such as symbols) from a separate, debugging version of the program
-available on your host computer.
-@c FIXME!! This is terribly vague; what little content is here is
-@c basically hearsay.
-
-@cindex ST2000 auxiliary commands
-These auxiliary @value{GDBN} commands are available to help you with the ST2000
-environment:
-
-@table @code
-@item st2000 @var{command}
-@kindex st2000 @var{cmd}
-@cindex STDBUG commands (ST2000)
-@cindex commands to STDBUG (ST2000)
-Send a @var{command} to the STDBUG monitor. See the manufacturer's
-manual for available commands.
-
-@item connect
-@cindex connect (to STDBUG)
-Connect the controlling terminal to the STDBUG command monitor. When
-you are done interacting with STDBUG, typing either of two character
-sequences gets you back to the @value{GDBN} command prompt:
-@kbd{@key{RET}~.} (Return, followed by tilde and period) or
-@kbd{@key{RET}~@key{C-d}} (Return, followed by tilde and control-D).
-@end table
-@end ifset
-
-@ifset VXWORKS
-@node VxWorks Remote
-@subsection @value{GDBN} and VxWorks
-@cindex VxWorks
-
-@value{GDBN} enables developers to spawn and debug tasks running on networked
-VxWorks targets from a Unix host. Already-running tasks spawned from
-the VxWorks shell can also be debugged. @value{GDBN} uses code that runs on
-both the Unix host and on the VxWorks target. The program
-@code{gdb} is installed and executed on the Unix host. (It may be
-installed with the name @code{vxgdb}, to distinguish it from a
-@value{GDBN} for debugging programs on the host itself.)
-
-@table @code
-@item VxWorks-timeout @var{args}
-@kindex vxworks-timeout
-All VxWorks-based targets now support the option @code{vxworks-timeout}.
-This option is set by the user, and @var{args} represents the number of
-seconds @value{GDBN} waits for responses to rpc's. You might use this if
-your VxWorks target is a slow software simulator or is on the far side
-of a thin network line.
-@end table
-
-The following information on connecting to VxWorks was current when
-this manual was produced; newer releases of VxWorks may use revised
-procedures.
-
-@kindex INCLUDE_RDB
-To use @value{GDBN} with VxWorks, you must rebuild your VxWorks kernel
-to include the remote debugging interface routines in the VxWorks
-library @file{rdb.a}. To do this, define @code{INCLUDE_RDB} in the
-VxWorks configuration file @file{configAll.h} and rebuild your VxWorks
-kernel. The resulting kernel contains @file{rdb.a}, and spawns the
-source debugging task @code{tRdbTask} when VxWorks is booted. For more
-information on configuring and remaking VxWorks, see the manufacturer's
-manual.
-@c VxWorks, see the @cite{VxWorks Programmer's Guide}.
-
-Once you have included @file{rdb.a} in your VxWorks system image and set
-your Unix execution search path to find @value{GDBN}, you are ready to
-run @value{GDBN}. From your Unix host, run @code{gdb} (or @code{vxgdb},
-depending on your installation).
-
-@value{GDBN} comes up showing the prompt:
-
-@example
-(vxgdb)
-@end example
-
-@menu
-* VxWorks Connection:: Connecting to VxWorks
-* VxWorks Download:: VxWorks download
-* VxWorks Attach:: Running tasks
-@end menu
-
-@node VxWorks Connection
-@subsubsection Connecting to VxWorks
-
-The @value{GDBN} command @code{target} lets you connect to a VxWorks target on the
-network. To connect to a target whose host name is ``@code{tt}'', type:
-
-@example
-(vxgdb) target vxworks tt
-@end example
-
-@need 750
-@value{GDBN} displays messages like these:
-
-@smallexample
-Attaching remote machine across net...
-Connected to tt.
-@end smallexample
-
-@need 1000
-@value{GDBN} then attempts to read the symbol tables of any object modules
-loaded into the VxWorks target since it was last booted. @value{GDBN} locates
-these files by searching the directories listed in the command search
-path (@pxref{Environment, ,Your program's environment}); if it fails
-to find an object file, it displays a message such as:
-
-@example
-prog.o: No such file or directory.
-@end example
-
-When this happens, add the appropriate directory to the search path with
-the @value{GDBN} command @code{path}, and execute the @code{target}
-command again.
-
-@node VxWorks Download
-@subsubsection VxWorks download
-
-@cindex download to VxWorks
-If you have connected to the VxWorks target and you want to debug an
-object that has not yet been loaded, you can use the @value{GDBN}
-@code{load} command to download a file from Unix to VxWorks
-incrementally. The object file given as an argument to the @code{load}
-command is actually opened twice: first by the VxWorks target in order
-to download the code, then by @value{GDBN} in order to read the symbol
-table. This can lead to problems if the current working directories on
-the two systems differ. If both systems have NFS mounted the same
-filesystems, you can avoid these problems by using absolute paths.
-Otherwise, it is simplest to set the working directory on both systems
-to the directory in which the object file resides, and then to reference
-the file by its name, without any path. For instance, a program
-@file{prog.o} may reside in @file{@var{vxpath}/vw/demo/rdb} in VxWorks
-and in @file{@var{hostpath}/vw/demo/rdb} on the host. To load this
-program, type this on VxWorks:
-
-@example
--> cd "@var{vxpath}/vw/demo/rdb"
-@end example
-v
-Then, in @value{GDBN}, type:
-
-@example
-(vxgdb) cd @var{hostpath}/vw/demo/rdb
-(vxgdb) load prog.o
-@end example
-
-@value{GDBN} displays a response similar to this:
-
-@smallexample
-Reading symbol data from wherever/vw/demo/rdb/prog.o... done.
-@end smallexample
-
-You can also use the @code{load} command to reload an object module
-after editing and recompiling the corresponding source file. Note that
-this makes @value{GDBN} delete all currently-defined breakpoints,
-auto-displays, and convenience variables, and to clear the value
-history. (This is necessary in order to preserve the integrity of
-debugger data structures that reference the target system's symbol
-table.)
-
-@node VxWorks Attach
-@subsubsection Running tasks
-
-@cindex running VxWorks tasks
-You can also attach to an existing task using the @code{attach} command as
-follows:
-
-@example
-(vxgdb) attach @var{task}
-@end example
-
-@noindent
-where @var{task} is the VxWorks hexadecimal task ID. The task can be running
-or suspended when you attach to it. Running tasks are suspended at
-the time of attachment.
-@end ifset
-
-@ifset SPARCLET
-@node Sparclet Remote
-@subsection @value{GDBN} and Sparclet
-@cindex Sparclet
-
-@value{GDBN} enables developers to debug tasks running on
-Sparclet targets from a Unix host.
-@value{GDBN} uses code that runs on
-both the Unix host and on the Sparclet target. The program
-@code{gdb} is installed and executed on the Unix host.
-
-@table @code
-@item timeout @var{args}
-@kindex remotetimeout
-@value{GDBN} now supports the option @code{remotetimeout}.
-This option is set by the user, and @var{args} represents the number of
-seconds @value{GDBN} waits for responses.
-@end table
-
-@kindex Compiling
-When compiling for debugging, include the options "-g" to get debug
-information and "-Ttext" to relocate the program to where you wish to
-load it on the target. You may also want to add the options "-n" or
-"-N" in order to reduce the size of the sections.
-
-@example
-sparclet-aout-gcc prog.c -Ttext 0x12010000 -g -o prog -N
-@end example
-
-You can use objdump to verify that the addresses are what you intended.
-
-@example
-sparclet-aout-objdump --headers --syms prog
-@end example
-
-@kindex Running
-Once you have set
-your Unix execution search path to find @value{GDBN}, you are ready to
-run @value{GDBN}. From your Unix host, run @code{gdb}
-(or @code{sparclet-aout-gdb}, depending on your installation).
-
-@value{GDBN} comes up showing the prompt:
-
-@example
-(gdbslet)
-@end example
-
-@menu
-* Sparclet File:: Setting the file to debug
-* Sparclet Connection:: Connecting to Sparclet
-* Sparclet Download:: Sparclet download
-* Sparclet Execution:: Running and debugging
-@end menu
-
-@node Sparclet File
-@subsubsection Setting file to debug
-
-The @value{GDBN} command @code{file} lets you choose with program to debug.
-
-@example
-(gdbslet) file prog
-@end example
-
-@need 1000
-@value{GDBN} then attempts to read the symbol table of @file{prog}.
-@value{GDBN} locates
-the file by searching the directories listed in the command search
-path.
-If the file was compiled with debug information (option "-g"), source
-files will be searched as well.
-@value{GDBN} locates
-the source files by searching the directories listed in the directory search
-path (@pxref{Environment, ,Your program's environment}).
-If it fails
-to find a file, it displays a message such as:
-
-@example
-prog: No such file or directory.
-@end example
-
-When this happens, add the appropriate directories to the search paths with
-the @value{GDBN} commands @code{path} and @code{dir}, and execute the
-@code{target} command again.
-
-@node Sparclet Connection
-@subsubsection Connecting to Sparclet
-
-The @value{GDBN} command @code{target} lets you connect to a Sparclet target.
-To connect to a target on serial port ``@code{ttya}'', type:
-
-@example
-(gdbslet) target sparclet /dev/ttya
-Remote target sparclet connected to /dev/ttya
-main () at ../prog.c:3
-@end example
-
-@need 750
-@value{GDBN} displays messages like these:
-
-@smallexample
-Connected to ttya.
-@end smallexample
-
-@node Sparclet Download
-@subsubsection Sparclet download
-
-@cindex download to Sparclet
-Once connected to the Sparclet target,
-you can use the @value{GDBN}
-@code{load} command to download the file from the host to the target.
-The file name and load offset should be given as arguments to the @code{load}
-command.
-Since the file format is aout, the program must be loaded to the starting
-address. You can use objdump to find out what this value is. The load
-offset is an offset which is added to the VMA (virtual memory address)
-of each of the file's sections.
-For instance, if the program
-@file{prog} was linked to text address 0x1201000, with data at 0x12010160
-and bss at 0x12010170, in @value{GDBN}, type:
-
-@example
-(gdbslet) load prog 0x12010000
-Loading section .text, size 0xdb0 vma 0x12010000
-@end example
-
-If the code is loaded at a different address then what the program was linked
-to, you may need to use the @code{section} and @code{add-symbol-file} commands
-to tell @value{GDBN} where to map the symbol table.
-
-@node Sparclet Execution
-@subsubsection Running and debugging
-
-@cindex running and debugging Sparclet programs
-You can now begin debugging the task using @value{GDBN}'s execution control
-commands, @code{b}, @code{step}, @code{run}, etc. See the @value{GDBN}
-manual for the list of commands.
-
-@example
-(gdbslet) b main
-Breakpoint 1 at 0x12010000: file prog.c, line 3.
-(gdbslet) run
-Starting program: prog
-Breakpoint 1, main (argc=1, argv=0xeffff21c) at prog.c:3
-3 char *symarg = 0;
-(gdbslet) step
-4 char *execarg = "hello!";
-(gdbslet)
-@end example
-
-@end ifset
-
-@ifset H8
-@node Hitachi Remote
-@subsection @value{GDBN} and Hitachi microprocessors
-@value{GDBN} needs to know these things to talk to your
-Hitachi SH, H8/300, or H8/500:
-
-@enumerate
-@item
-that you want to use @samp{target hms}, the remote debugging interface
-for Hitachi microprocessors, or @samp{target e7000}, the in-circuit
-emulator for the Hitachi SH and the Hitachi 300H. (@samp{target hms} is
-the default when GDB is configured specifically for the Hitachi SH,
-H8/300, or H8/500.)
-
-@item
-what serial device connects your host to your Hitachi board (the first
-serial device available on your host is the default).
-
-@ifclear H8EXCLUSIVE
-@c this is only for Unix hosts, not of interest to Hitachi
-@item
-what speed to use over the serial device.
-@end ifclear
-@end enumerate
-
-@menu
-* Hitachi Boards:: Connecting to Hitachi boards.
-* Hitachi ICE:: Using the E7000 In-Circuit Emulator.
-* Hitachi Special:: Special @value{GDBN} commands for Hitachi micros.
-@end menu
-
-@node Hitachi Boards
-@subsubsection Connecting to Hitachi boards
-
-@ifclear H8EXCLUSIVE
-@c only for Unix hosts
-@kindex device
-@cindex serial device, Hitachi micros
-Use the special @code{@value{GDBP}} command @samp{device @var{port}} if you
-need to explicitly set the serial device. The default @var{port} is the
-first available port on your host. This is only necessary on Unix
-hosts, where it is typically something like @file{/dev/ttya}.
-
-@kindex speed
-@cindex serial line speed, Hitachi micros
-@code{@value{GDBP}} has another special command to set the communications
-speed: @samp{speed @var{bps}}. This command also is only used from Unix
-hosts; on DOS hosts, set the line speed as usual from outside GDB with
-the DOS @kbd{mode} command (for instance, @w{@samp{mode
-com2:9600,n,8,1,p}} for a 9600 bps connection).
-
-The @samp{device} and @samp{speed} commands are available only when you
-use a Unix host to debug your Hitachi microprocessor programs. If you
-use a DOS host,
-@end ifclear
-@value{GDBN} depends on an auxiliary terminate-and-stay-resident program
-called @code{asynctsr} to communicate with the development board
-through a PC serial port. You must also use the DOS @code{mode} command
-to set up the serial port on the DOS side.
-
-@ifset DOSHOST
-The following sample session illustrates the steps needed to start a
-program under @value{GDBN} control on an H8/300. The example uses a
-sample H8/300 program called @file{t.x}. The procedure is the same for
-the Hitachi SH and the H8/500.
-
-First hook up your development board. In this example, we use a
-board attached to serial port @code{COM2}; if you use a different serial
-port, substitute its name in the argument of the @code{mode} command.
-When you call @code{asynctsr}, the auxiliary comms program used by the
-degugger, you give it just the numeric part of the serial port's name;
-for example, @samp{asyncstr 2} below runs @code{asyncstr} on
-@code{COM2}.
-
-@example
-C:\H8300\TEST> asynctsr 2
-C:\H8300\TEST> mode com2:9600,n,8,1,p
-
-Resident portion of MODE loaded
-
-COM2: 9600, n, 8, 1, p
-
-@end example
-
-@quotation
-@emph{Warning:} We have noticed a bug in PC-NFS that conflicts with
-@code{asynctsr}. If you also run PC-NFS on your DOS host, you may need to
-disable it, or even boot without it, to use @code{asynctsr} to control
-your development board.
-@end quotation
-
-@kindex target hms
-Now that serial communications are set up, and the development board is
-connected, you can start up @value{GDBN}. Call @code{@value{GDBP}} with
-the name of your program as the argument. @code{@value{GDBP}} prompts
-you, as usual, with the prompt @samp{(@value{GDBP})}. Use two special
-commands to begin your debugging session: @samp{target hms} to specify
-cross-debugging to the Hitachi board, and the @code{load} command to
-download your program to the board. @code{load} displays the names of
-the program's sections, and a @samp{*} for each 2K of data downloaded.
-(If you want to refresh @value{GDBN} data on symbols or on the
-executable file without downloading, use the @value{GDBN} commands
-@code{file} or @code{symbol-file}. These commands, and @code{load}
-itself, are described in @ref{Files,,Commands to specify files}.)
-
-@smallexample
-(eg-C:\H8300\TEST) @value{GDBP} t.x
-GDB is free software and you are welcome to distribute copies
- of it under certain conditions; type "show copying" to see
- the conditions.
-There is absolutely no warranty for GDB; type "show warranty"
-for details.
-GDB @value{GDBVN}, Copyright 1992 Free Software Foundation, Inc...
-(gdb) target hms
-Connected to remote H8/300 HMS system.
-(gdb) load t.x
-.text : 0x8000 .. 0xabde ***********
-.data : 0xabde .. 0xad30 *
-.stack : 0xf000 .. 0xf014 *
-@end smallexample
-
-At this point, you're ready to run or debug your program. From here on,
-you can use all the usual @value{GDBN} commands. The @code{break} command
-sets breakpoints; the @code{run} command starts your program;
-@code{print} or @code{x} display data; the @code{continue} command
-resumes execution after stopping at a breakpoint. You can use the
-@code{help} command at any time to find out more about @value{GDBN} commands.
-
-Remember, however, that @emph{operating system} facilities aren't
-available on your development board; for example, if your program hangs,
-you can't send an interrupt---but you can press the @sc{reset} switch!
-
-Use the @sc{reset} button on the development board
-@itemize @bullet
-@item
-to interrupt your program (don't use @kbd{ctl-C} on the DOS host---it has
-no way to pass an interrupt signal to the development board); and
-
-@item
-to return to the @value{GDBN} command prompt after your program finishes
-normally. The communications protocol provides no other way for @value{GDBN}
-to detect program completion.
-@end itemize
-
-In either case, @value{GDBN} sees the effect of a @sc{reset} on the
-development board as a ``normal exit'' of your program.
-@end ifset
-
-@node Hitachi ICE
-@subsubsection Using the E7000 in-circuit emulator
-
-@kindex target e7000
-You can use the E7000 in-circuit emulator to develop code for either the
-Hitachi SH or the H8/300H. Use one of these forms of the @samp{target
-e7000} command to connect @value{GDBN} to your E7000:
-
-@table @code
-@item target e7000 @var{port} @var{speed}
-Use this form if your E7000 is connected to a serial port. The
-@var{port} argument identifies what serial port to use (for example,
-@samp{com2}). The third argument is the line speed in bits per second
-(for example, @samp{9600}).
-
-@item target e7000 @var{hostname}
-If your E7000 is installed as a host on a TCP/IP network, you can just
-specify its hostname; @value{GDBN} uses @code{telnet} to connect.
-@end table
-
-@node Hitachi Special
-@subsubsection Special @value{GDBN} commands for Hitachi micros
-
-Some @value{GDBN} commands are available only on the H8/300 or the
-H8/500 configurations:
-
-@table @code
-@kindex set machine
-@kindex show machine
-@item set machine h8300
-@itemx set machine h8300h
-Condition @value{GDBN} for one of the two variants of the H8/300
-architecture with @samp{set machine}. You can use @samp{show machine}
-to check which variant is currently in effect.
-
-@kindex set memory @var{mod}
-@cindex memory models, H8/500
-@item set memory @var{mod}
-@itemx show memory
-Specify which H8/500 memory model (@var{mod}) you are using with
-@samp{set memory}; check which memory model is in effect with @samp{show
-memory}. The accepted values for @var{mod} are @code{small},
-@code{big}, @code{medium}, and @code{compact}.
-@end table
-
-@end ifset
-
-@ifset MIPS
-@node MIPS Remote
-@subsection @value{GDBN} and remote MIPS boards
-
-@cindex MIPS boards
-@value{GDBN} can use the MIPS remote debugging protocol to talk to a
-MIPS board attached to a serial line. This is available when
-you configure @value{GDBN} with @samp{--target=mips-idt-ecoff}.
-
-@need 1000
-Use these @value{GDBN} commands to specify the connection to your target board:
-
-@table @code
-@item target mips @var{port}
-@kindex target mips @var{port}
-To run a program on the board, start up @code{@value{GDBP}} with the
-name of your program as the argument. To connect to the board, use the
-command @samp{target mips @var{port}}, where @var{port} is the name of
-the serial port connected to the board. If the program has not already
-been downloaded to the board, you may use the @code{load} command to
-download it. You can then use all the usual @value{GDBN} commands.
-
-For example, this sequence connects to the target board through a serial
-port, and loads and runs a program called @var{prog} through the
-debugger:
-
-@example
-host$ @value{GDBP} @var{prog}
-GDB is free software and @dots{}
-(gdb) target mips /dev/ttyb
-(gdb) load @var{prog}
-(gdb) run
-@end example
-
-@item target mips @var{hostname}:@var{portnumber}
-On some @value{GDBN} host configurations, you can specify a TCP
-connection (for instance, to a serial line managed by a terminal
-concentrator) instead of a serial port, using the syntax
-@samp{@var{hostname}:@var{portnumber}}.
-
-@item target pmon @var{port}
-@kindex target pmon @var{port}
-
-@item target ddb @var{port}
-@kindex target ddb @var{port}
-
-@item target lsi @var{port}
-@kindex target lsi @var{port}
-
-@end table
-
-
-@noindent
-@value{GDBN} also supports these special commands for MIPS targets:
-
-@table @code
-@item set processor @var{args}
-@itemx show processor
-@kindex set processor @var{args}
-@kindex show processor
-Use the @code{set processor} command to set the type of MIPS
-processor when you want to access processor-type-specific registers.
-For example, @code{set processor @var{r3041}} tells @value{GDBN}
-to use the CPO registers appropriate for the 3041 chip.
-Use the @code{show processor} command to see what MIPS processor @value{GDBN}
-is using. Use the @code{info reg} command to see what registers
-@value{GDBN} is using.
-
-@item set mipsfpu double
-@itemx set mipsfpu single
-@itemx set mipsfpu none
-@itemx show mipsfpu
-@kindex set mipsfpu
-@kindex show mipsfpu
-@cindex MIPS remote floating point
-@cindex floating point, MIPS remote
-If your target board does not support the MIPS floating point
-coprocessor, you should use the command @samp{set mipsfpu none} (if you
-need this, you may wish to put the command in your @value{GDBINIT}
-file). This tells @value{GDBN} how to find the return value of
-functions which return floating point values. It also allows
-@value{GDBN} to avoid saving the floating point registers when calling
-functions on the board. If you are using a floating point coprocessor
-with only single precision floating point support, as on the @sc{r4650}
-processor, use the command @samp{set mipsfpu single}. The default
-double precision floating point coprocessor may be selected using
-@samp{set mipsfpu double}.
-
-In previous versions the only choices were double precision or no
-floating point, so @samp{set mipsfpu on} will select double precision
-and @samp{set mipsfpu off} will select no floating point.
-
-As usual, you can inquire about the @code{mipsfpu} variable with
-@samp{show mipsfpu}.
-
-@item set remotedebug @var{n}
-@itemx show remotedebug
-@kindex set remotedebug
-@kindex show remotedebug
-@cindex @code{remotedebug}, MIPS protocol
-@cindex MIPS @code{remotedebug} protocol
-@c FIXME! For this to be useful, you must know something about the MIPS
-@c FIXME...protocol. Where is it described?
-You can see some debugging information about communications with the board
-by setting the @code{remotedebug} variable. If you set it to @code{1} using
-@samp{set remotedebug 1}, every packet is displayed. If you set it
-to @code{2}, every character is displayed. You can check the current value
-at any time with the command @samp{show remotedebug}.
-
-@item set timeout @var{seconds}
-@itemx set retransmit-timeout @var{seconds}
-@itemx show timeout
-@itemx show retransmit-timeout
-@cindex @code{timeout}, MIPS protocol
-@cindex @code{retransmit-timeout}, MIPS protocol
-@kindex set timeout
-@kindex show timeout
-@kindex set retransmit-timeout
-@kindex show retransmit-timeout
-You can control the timeout used while waiting for a packet, in the MIPS
-remote protocol, with the @code{set timeout @var{seconds}} command. The
-default is 5 seconds. Similarly, you can control the timeout used while
-waiting for an acknowledgement of a packet with the @code{set
-retransmit-timeout @var{seconds}} command. The default is 3 seconds.
-You can inspect both values with @code{show timeout} and @code{show
-retransmit-timeout}. (These commands are @emph{only} available when
-@value{GDBN} is configured for @samp{--target=mips-idt-ecoff}.)
-
-The timeout set by @code{set timeout} does not apply when @value{GDBN}
-is waiting for your program to stop. In that case, @value{GDBN} waits
-forever because it has no way of knowing how long the program is going
-to run before stopping.
-@end table
-@end ifset
-
-@ifset SIMS
-@node Simulator
-@subsection Simulated CPU target
-
-@ifset GENERIC
-@cindex simulator
-@cindex simulator, Z8000
-@cindex Z8000 simulator
-@cindex simulator, H8/300 or H8/500
-@cindex H8/300 or H8/500 simulator
-@cindex simulator, Hitachi SH
-@cindex Hitachi SH simulator
-@cindex CPU simulator
-For some configurations, @value{GDBN} includes a CPU simulator that you
-can use instead of a hardware CPU to debug your programs.
-Currently, simulators are available for ARM, D10V, D30V, FR30, H8/300,
-H8/500, i960, M32R, MIPS, MN10200, MN10300, PowerPC, SH, Sparc, V850,
-W65, and Z8000.
-@end ifset
-
-@ifclear GENERIC
-@ifset H8
-@cindex simulator, H8/300 or H8/500
-@cindex Hitachi H8/300 or H8/500 simulator
-@cindex simulator, Hitachi SH
-@cindex Hitachi SH simulator
-When configured for debugging Hitachi microprocessor targets,
-@value{GDBN} includes a CPU simulator for the target chip (a Hitachi SH,
-H8/300, or H8/500).
-@end ifset
-
-@ifset Z8K
-@cindex simulator, Z8000
-@cindex Zilog Z8000 simulator
-When configured for debugging Zilog Z8000 targets, @value{GDBN} includes
-a Z8000 simulator.
-@end ifset
-@end ifclear
-
-@ifset Z8K
-For the Z8000 family, @samp{target sim} simulates either the Z8002 (the
-unsegmented variant of the Z8000 architecture) or the Z8001 (the
-segmented variant). The simulator recognizes which architecture is
-appropriate by inspecting the object code.
-@end ifset
-
-@table @code
-@item target sim @var{args}
-@kindex sim
-@kindex target sim
-Debug programs on a simulated CPU. If the simulator supports setup
-options, specify them via @var{args}.
-@end table
-
-@noindent
-After specifying this target, you can debug programs for the simulated
-CPU in the same style as programs for your host computer; use the
-@code{file} command to load a new program image, the @code{run} command
-to run your program, and so on.
-
-As well as making available all the usual machine registers (see
-@code{info reg}), the Z8000 simulator provides three additional items
-of information as specially named registers:
-
-@table @code
-@item cycles
-Counts clock-ticks in the simulator.
-
-@item insts
-Counts instructions run in the simulator.
-
-@item time
-Execution time in 60ths of a second.
-@end table
-
-You can refer to these values in @value{GDBN} expressions with the usual
-conventions; for example, @w{@samp{b fputc if $cycles>5000}} sets a
-conditional breakpoint that suspends only after at least 5000
-simulated clock ticks.
-@end ifset
-
-@c need to add much more detail about sims!
diff --git a/gdb/doc/snapshots.readme b/gdb/doc/snapshots.readme
deleted file mode 100644
index e9d7ad5..0000000
--- a/gdb/doc/snapshots.readme
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,245 +0,0 @@
- GDB SNAPSHOT SYSTEM
- (general info)
- Updated 8/23/93
-
-WHAT ARE GDB SNAPSHOTS
-----------------------
-
-Snapshots are an "image" of the main GDB development tree, captured at a
-particular random instant in time. When you use the snapshots, you should be
-able to maintain a local copy of GDB that is no more than one day older than
-the official source tree used by the GDB maintainers.
-
-The primary purpose of providing snapshots is to widen the group of motivated
-developers that would like to help test, debug, and enhance GDB, by providing
-you with access to the "latest and greatest" source. This has several
-advantages, and several disadvantages.
-
- First the advantages:
-
- o Once we have a large base of motivated testers using the snapshots,
- this should provide good coverage across all currently supported
- GDB hosts and targets. If a new bug is introduced in GDB due to
- fixing another bug or ongoing development, it should become
- obvious much more quickly and get fixed before the next general
- net release. This should help to reduce the chances of GDB being
- released to the general public with a major bug that went unnoticed
- during the release cycle testing because they are machine dependent.
- We hope to greatly improve GDB's stability and reliability by
- involving more people and more execution environments in the
- prerelease testing.
-
- o With access to the latest source, any diffs that you send to fix
- bugs or add new features should be much easier for the GDB team
- to merge into the official source base (after suitable review
- of course). This encourages us to merge your changes quicker,
- while they are still "fresh".
-
- o Once your diffs are merged, you can obtain a new copy of GDB
- containing your changes almost immediately. Thus you do not
- have to maintain local copies of your changes for any longer
- than it takes to get them merged into the official source base.
- This encourages you to send in changes quicker.
-
- And the disadvantages:
-
- o The snapshot you get will be largely untested and of unknown quality.
- It may fail to configure or compile. It may have serious bugs.
- You should always keep a copy of the last known working version
- before updating to the current snapshot, or at least be able to
- regenerate a working version if the latest snapshot is unusable
- in your environment for some reason.
-
- If a production version of GDB has a bug and a snapshot has the fix,
- and you care about stability, you should put only the fix for that
- particular problem into your production version. Of course, if you
- are eager to test GDB, you can use the snapshot versions in your
- daily work, but users who have not been consulted about whether they
- feel like testing GDB should generally have something which is at
- least as bug free as the last released version.
-
- o Providing timely response to your questions, bug reports, and
- submitted patches will require the GDB development team to allocate
- time from an already thin time budget. Please try to help us make
- this time as productive as possible. See the section below about
- how to submit changes.
-
-
-HOW TO GET THE SNAPSHOTS
-------------------------
-
-The current plan is to provide a full snapshot daily, so that users getting a
-snapshot for the first time, or updating after a long period of not updating,
-can get the latest version in a single operation. Along with the full
-snapshot, we will provide incremental diffs on a daily basis. Each daily diff
-will be relative to the source tree after applying all previous daily diffs.
-The daily diffs are for people who have relatively low bandwidth ftp or uucp
-connections.
-
-The files will be available via anonymous ftp from ftp.cygnus.com, in
-directory pub/gdb, and should look something like:
-
- gdb-930401.tar.z
- gdb-930401-930402.diff.z
- gdb-930402-930403.diff.z
- gdb-930403-930404.diff.z
- .
- .
- .
-
-At some point, the files should automatically appear during the evening as a
-result of an automatically run process each evening. For the moment however,
-the process will be manually run by one of the gdb maintainers and the
-appropriate files moved to the ftp area at some convenient point during the
-day.
-
-Note that the current plan is to provide GNU gzip compressed files only. You
-can ftp gzip from prep.ai.mit.edu in directory pub/gnu.
-
-Also, even though we will make the snapshots available on a publically
-accessible ftp area, we ask that recipients not widely publicise their
-availability. The motivation for this request is not to hoard them, but to
-avoid the situation where the general GDB user base naively attempts to use
-the snapshots, has trouble with them, complains publically, and the reputation
-of GDB suffers because of a perception of instability or lack of quality
-control.
-
-
-GDB TEST SUITE
---------------
-
-A test suite is distributed as an integral part of the snapshots. However, to
-use it you will need to get a copy of the dejagnu testing framework.
-Snapshots of dejagnu are available alongside the GDB snapshots, using the same
-naming conventions as the GDB snapshots. Once you have installed the dejagnu
-framework, a simple "make check" in the GDB directory should be sufficient to
-run the tests.
-
-Note that the test suite is still in its infancy. The test framework itself
-might not install on your system if you have an environment that is not
-similar to one that the GDB developers already use. The tests themselves only
-cover a small portion of GDB features, and what tests do exist for a feature
-are not exhaustive. New tests are welcomed.
-
-
-GETTING HELP, GDB DISCUSSIONS, etc
-----------------------------------
-
-Mail sent to gdb-testers@cygnus.com goes to everyone on the list of
-gdb testers, which should include everyone getting the gdb snapshots.
-It is appropriate whenever you wish your mail to be seen by all the
-testers. This would include announcements of any kind, notices of
-intent to implement a specific enhancement (to coordinate with other
-people on the list), etc. Before sending something to gdb-testers,
-ask yourself if what you are about to send would be something you
-would care to see show up in your mailbox if it was sent by someone
-else. For administrative things ("remove me from gdb-testers", etc.),
-send mail to gdb-testers-request@cygnus.com.
-
-Mail sent to gdb-patches@cygnus.com goes to gdb support people internal to
-Cygnus. Despite the name, it is appropriate for more than just patches.
-Questions about the snapshots, problems accessing the snapshots, bug reports
-without patches, requests for advice on how to track down a bug you have
-encountered, discussion about bug fixes or enhancements in progress, etc are
-all welcome in gdb-patches. Usually mail sent to gdb-patches will result in a
-short private email discussion between you and one or more of the gdb
-developers who can assist you with simple questions or handle your patches.
-Note that gdb-patches is *not* a general gdb electronic support line. If you
-are in need of such support, you probably should not be using the snapshots
-and should seek out one of the commercial suppliers of support for free
-software.
-
-Do *not* send any questions about the snapshots or patches specific to the
-snapshots to bug-gdb@prep.ai.mit.edu (gateway'd to the usenet group
-gnu.gdb.bug). Nobody there will have any idea what you are talking about and
-it will just cause confusion.
-
-
-BUG REPORTS
------------
-
-Send bug reports to gdb-patches@cygnus.com.
-
-Note that since no testing is done on the snapshots, and snapshots may even be
-made when gdb is in an inconsistent state, it may not be unusual for an
-occasional snapshot to have a very obvious bug, such as failure to compile on
-*any* machine. It is likely that such bugs will be fixed by the next
-snapshot, so it really isn't necessary to report them unless they persist for
-a couple days.
-
-Missing files should always be reported, since they usually mean there is a
-problem with the snapshot-generating process and we won't know about them
-unless someone tells us.
-
-Bugs which are non-obvious, such as failure to compile on only a specific
-machine, a new machine dependent or obscure bug (particularly one not detected
-by the testsuite), etc should be reported when you discover them, or have a
-suggested patch to fix them.
-
-
-FORMAT FOR PATCHES
-------------------
-
-If you have a fix for a bug, or an enhancement to submit, send your patch to
-gdb-patches@cygnus.com. Here are some simple guidelines for submitting
-patches:
-
- o Use "context diffs" for patches. A typical command for generating
- context diffs is "diff -rc gdb-old gdb-new".
-
- o Use the "minimalist approach" for patches. That is, each patch
- should address only one particular bug, new feature, etc. Do not
- save up many unrelated changes and submit them all in one big
- patch, since in general, the larger the patch the more difficult
- it is for us to decide if the patch is either correct or
- desirable. And if we find something about the patch that needs
- to be corrected before it can be installed, we would have to reject
- the entire patch, which might contain changes which otherwise would
- be accepted if submitted separately.
-
- o Submit a sample ChangeLog entry with your patch. See the existing
- GDB ChangeLog for examples of what a ChangeLog entry should look
- like. The emacs command ^X4A will create a ChangeLog entry header
- for you.
-
-
-BISON and BYACC
----------------
-
-GDB's language parsers are all portable, and can be compiled with bison,
-byacc, traditional Unix yacc, or other compatible parser generators. For
-various reasons, Cygnus uses byacc rather than bison by default. When a
-general gdb distribution is made, this default is switched back to bison. The
-snapshots follow the Cygnus default. Your options, if you do not already have
-byacc installed, include:
-
- o Hack the upper level Makefile.in lines that look like:
-
- BISON = `if [ -f $${rootme}/byacc/byacc ] ; \
- then echo $${rootme}/byacc/byacc ; \
- else echo byacc ; \ <== change
- fi`
-
- to replace "byacc" with either "yacc" or "bison -y".
-
- o Fetch the byacc snapshot from the same location as the gdb snapshots
- and install byacc.
-
- o Specify BISON=yacc on the make command line to override the default.
-
-
-UNIX MAKE and GNU MAKE
-----------------------
-
-When you build gdb in the same directory as the source, you should be able to
-use any available "make" that has traditional UNIX make functionality. If you
-build gdb in a separate directory tree from the source, using the configure
-"--srcdir" option, then only GNU make is fully supported, although other makes
-with complete VPATH support should work (SunOS make for example).
-
-
-
-Thanks for your help and support.
-
--Fred Fish
- Cygnus Support
diff --git a/gdb/doc/stabs.texinfo b/gdb/doc/stabs.texinfo
deleted file mode 100644
index a4f0bc9..0000000
--- a/gdb/doc/stabs.texinfo
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,4019 +0,0 @@
-\input texinfo
-@setfilename stabs.info
-
-@c @finalout
-
-@ifinfo
-@format
-START-INFO-DIR-ENTRY
-* Stabs: (stabs). The "stabs" debugging information format.
-END-INFO-DIR-ENTRY
-@end format
-@end ifinfo
-
-@ifinfo
-This document describes the stabs debugging symbol tables.
-
-Copyright 1992, 93, 94, 95, 97, 1998 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
-Contributed by Cygnus Support. Written by Julia Menapace, Jim Kingdon,
-and David MacKenzie.
-
-Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of
-this manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice
-are preserved on all copies.
-
-@ignore
-Permission is granted to process this file through Tex and print the
-results, provided the printed document carries copying permission
-notice identical to this one except for the removal of this paragraph
-(this paragraph not being relevant to the printed manual).
-
-@end ignore
-Permission is granted to copy or distribute modified versions of this
-manual under the terms of the GPL (for which purpose this text may be
-regarded as a program in the language TeX).
-@end ifinfo
-
-@setchapternewpage odd
-@settitle STABS
-@titlepage
-@title The ``stabs'' debug format
-@author Julia Menapace, Jim Kingdon, David MacKenzie
-@author Cygnus Support
-@page
-@tex
-\def\$#1${{#1}} % Kluge: collect RCS revision info without $...$
-\xdef\manvers{\$Revision$} % For use in headers, footers too
-{\parskip=0pt
-\hfill Cygnus Support\par
-\hfill \manvers\par
-\hfill \TeX{}info \texinfoversion\par
-}
-@end tex
-
-@vskip 0pt plus 1filll
-Copyright @copyright{} 1992, 93, 94, 95, 97, 1998 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
-Contributed by Cygnus Support.
-
-Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of
-this manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice
-are preserved on all copies.
-
-@end titlepage
-
-@ifinfo
-@node Top
-@top The "stabs" representation of debugging information
-
-This document describes the stabs debugging format.
-
-@menu
-* Overview:: Overview of stabs
-* Program Structure:: Encoding of the structure of the program
-* Constants:: Constants
-* Variables::
-* Types:: Type definitions
-* Symbol Tables:: Symbol information in symbol tables
-* Cplusplus:: Stabs specific to C++
-* Stab Types:: Symbol types in a.out files
-* Symbol Descriptors:: Table of symbol descriptors
-* Type Descriptors:: Table of type descriptors
-* Expanded Reference:: Reference information by stab type
-* Questions:: Questions and anomolies
-* Stab Sections:: In some object file formats, stabs are
- in sections.
-* Symbol Types Index:: Index of symbolic stab symbol type names.
-@end menu
-@end ifinfo
-
-
-@node Overview
-@chapter Overview of Stabs
-
-@dfn{Stabs} refers to a format for information that describes a program
-to a debugger. This format was apparently invented by
-Peter Kessler at
-the University of California at Berkeley, for the @code{pdx} Pascal
-debugger; the format has spread widely since then.
-
-This document is one of the few published sources of documentation on
-stabs. It is believed to be comprehensive for stabs used by C. The
-lists of symbol descriptors (@pxref{Symbol Descriptors}) and type
-descriptors (@pxref{Type Descriptors}) are believed to be completely
-comprehensive. Stabs for COBOL-specific features and for variant
-records (used by Pascal and Modula-2) are poorly documented here.
-
-@c FIXME: Need to document all OS9000 stuff in GDB; see all references
-@c to os9k_stabs in stabsread.c.
-
-Other sources of information on stabs are @cite{Dbx and Dbxtool
-Interfaces}, 2nd edition, by Sun, 1988, and @cite{AIX Version 3.2 Files
-Reference}, Fourth Edition, September 1992, "dbx Stabstring Grammar" in
-the a.out section, page 2-31. This document is believed to incorporate
-the information from those two sources except where it explicitly directs
-you to them for more information.
-
-@menu
-* Flow:: Overview of debugging information flow
-* Stabs Format:: Overview of stab format
-* String Field:: The string field
-* C Example:: A simple example in C source
-* Assembly Code:: The simple example at the assembly level
-@end menu
-
-@node Flow
-@section Overview of Debugging Information Flow
-
-The GNU C compiler compiles C source in a @file{.c} file into assembly
-language in a @file{.s} file, which the assembler translates into
-a @file{.o} file, which the linker combines with other @file{.o} files and
-libraries to produce an executable file.
-
-With the @samp{-g} option, GCC puts in the @file{.s} file additional
-debugging information, which is slightly transformed by the assembler
-and linker, and carried through into the final executable. This
-debugging information describes features of the source file like line
-numbers, the types and scopes of variables, and function names,
-parameters, and scopes.
-
-For some object file formats, the debugging information is encapsulated
-in assembler directives known collectively as @dfn{stab} (symbol table)
-directives, which are interspersed with the generated code. Stabs are
-the native format for debugging information in the a.out and XCOFF
-object file formats. The GNU tools can also emit stabs in the COFF and
-ECOFF object file formats.
-
-The assembler adds the information from stabs to the symbol information
-it places by default in the symbol table and the string table of the
-@file{.o} file it is building. The linker consolidates the @file{.o}
-files into one executable file, with one symbol table and one string
-table. Debuggers use the symbol and string tables in the executable as
-a source of debugging information about the program.
-
-@node Stabs Format
-@section Overview of Stab Format
-
-There are three overall formats for stab assembler directives,
-differentiated by the first word of the stab. The name of the directive
-describes which combination of four possible data fields follows. It is
-either @code{.stabs} (string), @code{.stabn} (number), or @code{.stabd}
-(dot). IBM's XCOFF assembler uses @code{.stabx} (and some other
-directives such as @code{.file} and @code{.bi}) instead of
-@code{.stabs}, @code{.stabn} or @code{.stabd}.
-
-The overall format of each class of stab is:
-
-@example
-.stabs "@var{string}",@var{type},@var{other},@var{desc},@var{value}
-.stabn @var{type},@var{other},@var{desc},@var{value}
-.stabd @var{type},@var{other},@var{desc}
-.stabx "@var{string}",@var{value},@var{type},@var{sdb-type}
-@end example
-
-@c what is the correct term for "current file location"? My AIX
-@c assembler manual calls it "the value of the current location counter".
-For @code{.stabn} and @code{.stabd}, there is no @var{string} (the
-@code{n_strx} field is zero; see @ref{Symbol Tables}). For
-@code{.stabd}, the @var{value} field is implicit and has the value of
-the current file location. For @code{.stabx}, the @var{sdb-type} field
-is unused for stabs and can always be set to zero. The @var{other}
-field is almost always unused and can be set to zero.
-
-The number in the @var{type} field gives some basic information about
-which type of stab this is (or whether it @emph{is} a stab, as opposed
-to an ordinary symbol). Each valid type number defines a different stab
-type; further, the stab type defines the exact interpretation of, and
-possible values for, any remaining @var{string}, @var{desc}, or
-@var{value} fields present in the stab. @xref{Stab Types}, for a list
-in numeric order of the valid @var{type} field values for stab directives.
-
-@node String Field
-@section The String Field
-
-For most stabs the string field holds the meat of the
-debugging information. The flexible nature of this field
-is what makes stabs extensible. For some stab types the string field
-contains only a name. For other stab types the contents can be a great
-deal more complex.
-
-The overall format of the string field for most stab types is:
-
-@example
-"@var{name}:@var{symbol-descriptor} @var{type-information}"
-@end example
-
-@var{name} is the name of the symbol represented by the stab; it can
-contain a pair of colons (@pxref{Nested Symbols}). @var{name} can be
-omitted, which means the stab represents an unnamed object. For
-example, @samp{:t10=*2} defines type 10 as a pointer to type 2, but does
-not give the type a name. Omitting the @var{name} field is supported by
-AIX dbx and GDB after about version 4.8, but not other debuggers. GCC
-sometimes uses a single space as the name instead of omitting the name
-altogether; apparently that is supported by most debuggers.
-
-The @var{symbol-descriptor} following the @samp{:} is an alphabetic
-character that tells more specifically what kind of symbol the stab
-represents. If the @var{symbol-descriptor} is omitted, but type
-information follows, then the stab represents a local variable. For a
-list of symbol descriptors, see @ref{Symbol Descriptors}. The @samp{c}
-symbol descriptor is an exception in that it is not followed by type
-information. @xref{Constants}.
-
-@var{type-information} is either a @var{type-number}, or
-@samp{@var{type-number}=}. A @var{type-number} alone is a type
-reference, referring directly to a type that has already been defined.
-
-The @samp{@var{type-number}=} form is a type definition, where the
-number represents a new type which is about to be defined. The type
-definition may refer to other types by number, and those type numbers
-may be followed by @samp{=} and nested definitions. Also, the Lucid
-compiler will repeat @samp{@var{type-number}=} more than once if it
-wants to define several type numbers at once.
-
-In a type definition, if the character that follows the equals sign is
-non-numeric then it is a @var{type-descriptor}, and tells what kind of
-type is about to be defined. Any other values following the
-@var{type-descriptor} vary, depending on the @var{type-descriptor}.
-@xref{Type Descriptors}, for a list of @var{type-descriptor} values. If
-a number follows the @samp{=} then the number is a @var{type-reference}.
-For a full description of types, @ref{Types}.
-
-A @var{type-number} is often a single number. The GNU and Sun tools
-additionally permit a @var{type-number} to be a pair
-(@var{file-number},@var{filetype-number}) (the parentheses appear in the
-string, and serve to distinguish the two cases). The @var{file-number}
-is a number starting with 1 which is incremented for each seperate
-source file in the compilation (e.g., in C, each header file gets a
-different number). The @var{filetype-number} is a number starting with
-1 which is incremented for each new type defined in the file.
-(Separating the file number and the type number permits the
-@code{N_BINCL} optimization to succeed more often; see @ref{Include
-Files}).
-
-There is an AIX extension for type attributes. Following the @samp{=}
-are any number of type attributes. Each one starts with @samp{@@} and
-ends with @samp{;}. Debuggers, including AIX's dbx and GDB 4.10, skip
-any type attributes they do not recognize. GDB 4.9 and other versions
-of dbx may not do this. Because of a conflict with C++
-(@pxref{Cplusplus}), new attributes should not be defined which begin
-with a digit, @samp{(}, or @samp{-}; GDB may be unable to distinguish
-those from the C++ type descriptor @samp{@@}. The attributes are:
-
-@table @code
-@item a@var{boundary}
-@var{boundary} is an integer specifying the alignment. I assume it
-applies to all variables of this type.
-
-@item p@var{integer}
-Pointer class (for checking). Not sure what this means, or how
-@var{integer} is interpreted.
-
-@item P
-Indicate this is a packed type, meaning that structure fields or array
-elements are placed more closely in memory, to save memory at the
-expense of speed.
-
-@item s@var{size}
-Size in bits of a variable of this type. This is fully supported by GDB
-4.11 and later.
-
-@item S
-Indicate that this type is a string instead of an array of characters,
-or a bitstring instead of a set. It doesn't change the layout of the
-data being represented, but does enable the debugger to know which type
-it is.
-@end table
-
-All of this can make the string field quite long. All versions of GDB,
-and some versions of dbx, can handle arbitrarily long strings. But many
-versions of dbx (or assemblers or linkers, I'm not sure which)
-cretinously limit the strings to about 80 characters, so compilers which
-must work with such systems need to split the @code{.stabs} directive
-into several @code{.stabs} directives. Each stab duplicates every field
-except the string field. The string field of every stab except the last
-is marked as continued with a backslash at the end (in the assembly code
-this may be written as a double backslash, depending on the assembler).
-Removing the backslashes and concatenating the string fields of each
-stab produces the original, long string. Just to be incompatible (or so
-they don't have to worry about what the assembler does with
-backslashes), AIX can use @samp{?} instead of backslash.
-
-@node C Example
-@section A Simple Example in C Source
-
-To get the flavor of how stabs describe source information for a C
-program, let's look at the simple program:
-
-@example
-main()
-@{
- printf("Hello world");
-@}
-@end example
-
-When compiled with @samp{-g}, the program above yields the following
-@file{.s} file. Line numbers have been added to make it easier to refer
-to parts of the @file{.s} file in the description of the stabs that
-follows.
-
-@node Assembly Code
-@section The Simple Example at the Assembly Level
-
-This simple ``hello world'' example demonstrates several of the stab
-types used to describe C language source files.
-
-@example
-1 gcc2_compiled.:
-2 .stabs "/cygint/s1/users/jcm/play/",100,0,0,Ltext0
-3 .stabs "hello.c",100,0,0,Ltext0
-4 .text
-5 Ltext0:
-6 .stabs "int:t1=r1;-2147483648;2147483647;",128,0,0,0
-7 .stabs "char:t2=r2;0;127;",128,0,0,0
-8 .stabs "long int:t3=r1;-2147483648;2147483647;",128,0,0,0
-9 .stabs "unsigned int:t4=r1;0;-1;",128,0,0,0
-10 .stabs "long unsigned int:t5=r1;0;-1;",128,0,0,0
-11 .stabs "short int:t6=r1;-32768;32767;",128,0,0,0
-12 .stabs "long long int:t7=r1;0;-1;",128,0,0,0
-13 .stabs "short unsigned int:t8=r1;0;65535;",128,0,0,0
-14 .stabs "long long unsigned int:t9=r1;0;-1;",128,0,0,0
-15 .stabs "signed char:t10=r1;-128;127;",128,0,0,0
-16 .stabs "unsigned char:t11=r1;0;255;",128,0,0,0
-17 .stabs "float:t12=r1;4;0;",128,0,0,0
-18 .stabs "double:t13=r1;8;0;",128,0,0,0
-19 .stabs "long double:t14=r1;8;0;",128,0,0,0
-20 .stabs "void:t15=15",128,0,0,0
-21 .align 4
-22 LC0:
-23 .ascii "Hello, world!\12\0"
-24 .align 4
-25 .global _main
-26 .proc 1
-27 _main:
-28 .stabn 68,0,4,LM1
-29 LM1:
-30 !#PROLOGUE# 0
-31 save %sp,-136,%sp
-32 !#PROLOGUE# 1
-33 call ___main,0
-34 nop
-35 .stabn 68,0,5,LM2
-36 LM2:
-37 LBB2:
-38 sethi %hi(LC0),%o1
-39 or %o1,%lo(LC0),%o0
-40 call _printf,0
-41 nop
-42 .stabn 68,0,6,LM3
-43 LM3:
-44 LBE2:
-45 .stabn 68,0,6,LM4
-46 LM4:
-47 L1:
-48 ret
-49 restore
-50 .stabs "main:F1",36,0,0,_main
-51 .stabn 192,0,0,LBB2
-52 .stabn 224,0,0,LBE2
-@end example
-
-@node Program Structure
-@chapter Encoding the Structure of the Program
-
-The elements of the program structure that stabs encode include the name
-of the main function, the names of the source and include files, the
-line numbers, procedure names and types, and the beginnings and ends of
-blocks of code.
-
-@menu
-* Main Program:: Indicate what the main program is
-* Source Files:: The path and name of the source file
-* Include Files:: Names of include files
-* Line Numbers::
-* Procedures::
-* Nested Procedures::
-* Block Structure::
-* Alternate Entry Points:: Entering procedures except at the beginning.
-@end menu
-
-@node Main Program
-@section Main Program
-
-@findex N_MAIN
-Most languages allow the main program to have any name. The
-@code{N_MAIN} stab type tells the debugger the name that is used in this
-program. Only the string field is significant; it is the name of
-a function which is the main program. Most C compilers do not use this
-stab (they expect the debugger to assume that the name is @code{main}),
-but some C compilers emit an @code{N_MAIN} stab for the @code{main}
-function. I'm not sure how XCOFF handles this.
-
-@node Source Files
-@section Paths and Names of the Source Files
-
-@findex N_SO
-Before any other stabs occur, there must be a stab specifying the source
-file. This information is contained in a symbol of stab type
-@code{N_SO}; the string field contains the name of the file. The
-value of the symbol is the start address of the portion of the
-text section corresponding to that file.
-
-With the Sun Solaris2 compiler, the desc field contains a
-source-language code.
-@c Do the debuggers use it? What are the codes? -djm
-
-Some compilers (for example, GCC2 and SunOS4 @file{/bin/cc}) also
-include the directory in which the source was compiled, in a second
-@code{N_SO} symbol preceding the one containing the file name. This
-symbol can be distinguished by the fact that it ends in a slash. Code
-from the @code{cfront} C++ compiler can have additional @code{N_SO} symbols for
-nonexistent source files after the @code{N_SO} for the real source file;
-these are believed to contain no useful information.
-
-For example:
-
-@example
-.stabs "/cygint/s1/users/jcm/play/",100,0,0,Ltext0 # @r{100 is N_SO}
-.stabs "hello.c",100,0,0,Ltext0
- .text
-Ltext0:
-@end example
-
-@findex C_FILE
-Instead of @code{N_SO} symbols, XCOFF uses a @code{.file} assembler
-directive which assembles to a @code{C_FILE} symbol; explaining this in
-detail is outside the scope of this document.
-
-@c FIXME: Exactly when should the empty N_SO be used? Why?
-If it is useful to indicate the end of a source file, this is done with
-an @code{N_SO} symbol with an empty string for the name. The value is
-the address of the end of the text section for the file. For some
-systems, there is no indication of the end of a source file, and you
-just need to figure it ended when you see an @code{N_SO} for a different
-source file, or a symbol ending in @code{.o} (which at least some
-linkers insert to mark the start of a new @code{.o} file).
-
-@node Include Files
-@section Names of Include Files
-
-There are several schemes for dealing with include files: the
-traditional @code{N_SOL} approach, Sun's @code{N_BINCL} approach, and the
-XCOFF @code{C_BINCL} approach (which despite the similar name has little in
-common with @code{N_BINCL}).
-
-@findex N_SOL
-An @code{N_SOL} symbol specifies which include file subsequent symbols
-refer to. The string field is the name of the file and the value is the
-text address corresponding to the end of the previous include file and
-the start of this one. To specify the main source file again, use an
-@code{N_SOL} symbol with the name of the main source file.
-
-@findex N_BINCL
-@findex N_EINCL
-@findex N_EXCL
-The @code{N_BINCL} approach works as follows. An @code{N_BINCL} symbol
-specifies the start of an include file. In an object file, only the
-string is significant; the linker puts data into some of the other
-fields. The end of the include file is marked by an @code{N_EINCL}
-symbol (which has no string field). In an object file, there is no
-significant data in the @code{N_EINCL} symbol. @code{N_BINCL} and
-@code{N_EINCL} can be nested.
-
-If the linker detects that two source files have identical stabs between
-an @code{N_BINCL} and @code{N_EINCL} pair (as will generally be the case
-for a header file), then it only puts out the stabs once. Each
-additional occurance is replaced by an @code{N_EXCL} symbol. I believe
-the GNU linker and the Sun (both SunOS4 and Solaris) linker are the only
-ones which supports this feature.
-
-A linker which supports this feature will set the value of a
-@code{N_BINCL} symbol to the total of all the characters in the stabs
-strings included in the header file, omitting any file numbers. The
-value of an @code{N_EXCL} symbol is the same as the value of the
-@code{N_BINCL} symbol it replaces. This information can be used to
-match up @code{N_EXCL} and @code{N_BINCL} symbols which have the same
-filename. The @code{N_EINCL} value, and the values of the other and
-description fields for all three, appear to always be zero.
-
-@findex C_BINCL
-@findex C_EINCL
-For the start of an include file in XCOFF, use the @file{.bi} assembler
-directive, which generates a @code{C_BINCL} symbol. A @file{.ei}
-directive, which generates a @code{C_EINCL} symbol, denotes the end of
-the include file. Both directives are followed by the name of the
-source file in quotes, which becomes the string for the symbol.
-The value of each symbol, produced automatically by the assembler
-and linker, is the offset into the executable of the beginning
-(inclusive, as you'd expect) or end (inclusive, as you would not expect)
-of the portion of the COFF line table that corresponds to this include
-file. @code{C_BINCL} and @code{C_EINCL} do not nest.
-
-@node Line Numbers
-@section Line Numbers
-
-@findex N_SLINE
-An @code{N_SLINE} symbol represents the start of a source line. The
-desc field contains the line number and the value contains the code
-address for the start of that source line. On most machines the address
-is absolute; for stabs in sections (@pxref{Stab Sections}), it is
-relative to the function in which the @code{N_SLINE} symbol occurs.
-
-@findex N_DSLINE
-@findex N_BSLINE
-GNU documents @code{N_DSLINE} and @code{N_BSLINE} symbols for line
-numbers in the data or bss segments, respectively. They are identical
-to @code{N_SLINE} but are relocated differently by the linker. They
-were intended to be used to describe the source location of a variable
-declaration, but I believe that GCC2 actually puts the line number in
-the desc field of the stab for the variable itself. GDB has been
-ignoring these symbols (unless they contain a string field) since
-at least GDB 3.5.
-
-For single source lines that generate discontiguous code, such as flow
-of control statements, there may be more than one line number entry for
-the same source line. In this case there is a line number entry at the
-start of each code range, each with the same line number.
-
-XCOFF does not use stabs for line numbers. Instead, it uses COFF line
-numbers (which are outside the scope of this document). Standard COFF
-line numbers cannot deal with include files, but in XCOFF this is fixed
-with the @code{C_BINCL} method of marking include files (@pxref{Include
-Files}).
-
-@node Procedures
-@section Procedures
-
-@findex N_FUN, for functions
-@findex N_FNAME
-@findex N_STSYM, for functions (Sun acc)
-@findex N_GSYM, for functions (Sun acc)
-All of the following stabs normally use the @code{N_FUN} symbol type.
-However, Sun's @code{acc} compiler on SunOS4 uses @code{N_GSYM} and
-@code{N_STSYM}, which means that the value of the stab for the function
-is useless and the debugger must get the address of the function from
-the non-stab symbols instead. On systems where non-stab symbols have
-leading underscores, the stabs will lack underscores and the debugger
-needs to know about the leading underscore to match up the stab and the
-non-stab symbol. BSD Fortran is said to use @code{N_FNAME} with the
-same restriction; the value of the symbol is not useful (I'm not sure it
-really does use this, because GDB doesn't handle this and no one has
-complained).
-
-@findex C_FUN
-A function is represented by an @samp{F} symbol descriptor for a global
-(extern) function, and @samp{f} for a static (local) function. For
-a.out, the value of the symbol is the address of the start of the
-function; it is already relocated. For stabs in ELF, the SunPRO
-compiler version 2.0.1 and GCC put out an address which gets relocated
-by the linker. In a future release SunPRO is planning to put out zero,
-in which case the address can be found from the ELF (non-stab) symbol.
-Because looking things up in the ELF symbols would probably be slow, I'm
-not sure how to find which symbol of that name is the right one, and
-this doesn't provide any way to deal with nested functions, it would
-probably be better to make the value of the stab an address relative to
-the start of the file, or just absolute. See @ref{ELF Linker
-Relocation} for more information on linker relocation of stabs in ELF
-files. For XCOFF, the stab uses the @code{C_FUN} storage class and the
-value of the stab is meaningless; the address of the function can be
-found from the csect symbol (XTY_LD/XMC_PR).
-
-The type information of the stab represents the return type of the
-function; thus @samp{foo:f5} means that foo is a function returning type
-5. There is no need to try to get the line number of the start of the
-function from the stab for the function; it is in the next
-@code{N_SLINE} symbol.
-
-@c FIXME: verify whether the "I suspect" below is true or not.
-Some compilers (such as Sun's Solaris compiler) support an extension for
-specifying the types of the arguments. I suspect this extension is not
-used for old (non-prototyped) function definitions in C. If the
-extension is in use, the type information of the stab for the function
-is followed by type information for each argument, with each argument
-preceded by @samp{;}. An argument type of 0 means that additional
-arguments are being passed, whose types and number may vary (@samp{...}
-in ANSI C). GDB has tolerated this extension (parsed the syntax, if not
-necessarily used the information) since at least version 4.8; I don't
-know whether all versions of dbx tolerate it. The argument types given
-here are not redundant with the symbols for the formal parameters
-(@pxref{Parameters}); they are the types of the arguments as they are
-passed, before any conversions might take place. For example, if a C
-function which is declared without a prototype takes a @code{float}
-argument, the value is passed as a @code{double} but then converted to a
-@code{float}. Debuggers need to use the types given in the arguments
-when printing values, but when calling the function they need to use the
-types given in the symbol defining the function.
-
-If the return type and types of arguments of a function which is defined
-in another source file are specified (i.e., a function prototype in ANSI
-C), traditionally compilers emit no stab; the only way for the debugger
-to find the information is if the source file where the function is
-defined was also compiled with debugging symbols. As an extension the
-Solaris compiler uses symbol descriptor @samp{P} followed by the return
-type of the function, followed by the arguments, each preceded by
-@samp{;}, as in a stab with symbol descriptor @samp{f} or @samp{F}.
-This use of symbol descriptor @samp{P} can be distinguished from its use
-for register parameters (@pxref{Register Parameters}) by the fact that it has
-symbol type @code{N_FUN}.
-
-The AIX documentation also defines symbol descriptor @samp{J} as an
-internal function. I assume this means a function nested within another
-function. It also says symbol descriptor @samp{m} is a module in
-Modula-2 or extended Pascal.
-
-Procedures (functions which do not return values) are represented as
-functions returning the @code{void} type in C. I don't see why this couldn't
-be used for all languages (inventing a @code{void} type for this purpose if
-necessary), but the AIX documentation defines @samp{I}, @samp{P}, and
-@samp{Q} for internal, global, and static procedures, respectively.
-These symbol descriptors are unusual in that they are not followed by
-type information.
-
-The following example shows a stab for a function @code{main} which
-returns type number @code{1}. The @code{_main} specified for the value
-is a reference to an assembler label which is used to fill in the start
-address of the function.
-
-@example
-.stabs "main:F1",36,0,0,_main # @r{36 is N_FUN}
-@end example
-
-The stab representing a procedure is located immediately following the
-code of the procedure. This stab is in turn directly followed by a
-group of other stabs describing elements of the procedure. These other
-stabs describe the procedure's parameters, its block local variables, and
-its block structure.
-
-If functions can appear in different sections, then the debugger may not
-be able to find the end of a function. Recent versions of GCC will mark
-the end of a function with an @code{N_FUN} symbol with an empty string
-for the name. The value is the address of the end of the current
-function. Without such a symbol, there is no indication of the address
-of the end of a function, and you must assume that it ended at the
-starting address of the next function or at the end of the text section
-for the program.
-
-@node Nested Procedures
-@section Nested Procedures
-
-For any of the symbol descriptors representing procedures, after the
-symbol descriptor and the type information is optionally a scope
-specifier. This consists of a comma, the name of the procedure, another
-comma, and the name of the enclosing procedure. The first name is local
-to the scope specified, and seems to be redundant with the name of the
-symbol (before the @samp{:}). This feature is used by GCC, and
-presumably Pascal, Modula-2, etc., compilers, for nested functions.
-
-If procedures are nested more than one level deep, only the immediately
-containing scope is specified. For example, this code:
-
-@example
-int
-foo (int x)
-@{
- int bar (int y)
- @{
- int baz (int z)
- @{
- return x + y + z;
- @}
- return baz (x + 2 * y);
- @}
- return x + bar (3 * x);
-@}
-@end example
-
-@noindent
-produces the stabs:
-
-@example
-.stabs "baz:f1,baz,bar",36,0,0,_baz.15 # @r{36 is N_FUN}
-.stabs "bar:f1,bar,foo",36,0,0,_bar.12
-.stabs "foo:F1",36,0,0,_foo
-@end example
-
-@node Block Structure
-@section Block Structure
-
-@findex N_LBRAC
-@findex N_RBRAC
-@c For GCC 2.5.8 or so stabs-in-coff, these are absolute instead of
-@c function relative (as documented below). But GDB has never been able
-@c to deal with that (it had wanted them to be relative to the file, but
-@c I just fixed that (between GDB 4.12 and 4.13)), so it is function
-@c relative just like ELF and SOM and the below documentation.
-The program's block structure is represented by the @code{N_LBRAC} (left
-brace) and the @code{N_RBRAC} (right brace) stab types. The variables
-defined inside a block precede the @code{N_LBRAC} symbol for most
-compilers, including GCC. Other compilers, such as the Convex, Acorn
-RISC machine, and Sun @code{acc} compilers, put the variables after the
-@code{N_LBRAC} symbol. The values of the @code{N_LBRAC} and
-@code{N_RBRAC} symbols are the start and end addresses of the code of
-the block, respectively. For most machines, they are relative to the
-starting address of this source file. For the Gould NP1, they are
-absolute. For stabs in sections (@pxref{Stab Sections}), they are
-relative to the function in which they occur.
-
-The @code{N_LBRAC} and @code{N_RBRAC} stabs that describe the block
-scope of a procedure are located after the @code{N_FUN} stab that
-represents the procedure itself.
-
-Sun documents the desc field of @code{N_LBRAC} and
-@code{N_RBRAC} symbols as containing the nesting level of the block.
-However, dbx seems to not care, and GCC always sets desc to
-zero.
-
-@findex .bb
-@findex .be
-@findex C_BLOCK
-For XCOFF, block scope is indicated with @code{C_BLOCK} symbols. If the
-name of the symbol is @samp{.bb}, then it is the beginning of the block;
-if the name of the symbol is @samp{.be}; it is the end of the block.
-
-@node Alternate Entry Points
-@section Alternate Entry Points
-
-@findex N_ENTRY
-@findex C_ENTRY
-Some languages, like Fortran, have the ability to enter procedures at
-some place other than the beginning. One can declare an alternate entry
-point. The @code{N_ENTRY} stab is for this; however, the Sun FORTRAN
-compiler doesn't use it. According to AIX documentation, only the name
-of a @code{C_ENTRY} stab is significant; the address of the alternate
-entry point comes from the corresponding external symbol. A previous
-revision of this document said that the value of an @code{N_ENTRY} stab
-was the address of the alternate entry point, but I don't know the
-source for that information.
-
-@node Constants
-@chapter Constants
-
-The @samp{c} symbol descriptor indicates that this stab represents a
-constant. This symbol descriptor is an exception to the general rule
-that symbol descriptors are followed by type information. Instead, it
-is followed by @samp{=} and one of the following:
-
-@table @code
-@item b @var{value}
-Boolean constant. @var{value} is a numeric value; I assume it is 0 for
-false or 1 for true.
-
-@item c @var{value}
-Character constant. @var{value} is the numeric value of the constant.
-
-@item e @var{type-information} , @var{value}
-Constant whose value can be represented as integral.
-@var{type-information} is the type of the constant, as it would appear
-after a symbol descriptor (@pxref{String Field}). @var{value} is the
-numeric value of the constant. GDB 4.9 does not actually get the right
-value if @var{value} does not fit in a host @code{int}, but it does not
-do anything violent, and future debuggers could be extended to accept
-integers of any size (whether unsigned or not). This constant type is
-usually documented as being only for enumeration constants, but GDB has
-never imposed that restriction; I don't know about other debuggers.
-
-@item i @var{value}
-Integer constant. @var{value} is the numeric value. The type is some
-sort of generic integer type (for GDB, a host @code{int}); to specify
-the type explicitly, use @samp{e} instead.
-
-@item r @var{value}
-Real constant. @var{value} is the real value, which can be @samp{INF}
-(optionally preceded by a sign) for infinity, @samp{QNAN} for a quiet
-NaN (not-a-number), or @samp{SNAN} for a signalling NaN. If it is a
-normal number the format is that accepted by the C library function
-@code{atof}.
-
-@item s @var{string}
-String constant. @var{string} is a string enclosed in either @samp{'}
-(in which case @samp{'} characters within the string are represented as
-@samp{\'} or @samp{"} (in which case @samp{"} characters within the
-string are represented as @samp{\"}).
-
-@item S @var{type-information} , @var{elements} , @var{bits} , @var{pattern}
-Set constant. @var{type-information} is the type of the constant, as it
-would appear after a symbol descriptor (@pxref{String Field}).
-@var{elements} is the number of elements in the set (does this means
-how many bits of @var{pattern} are actually used, which would be
-redundant with the type, or perhaps the number of bits set in
-@var{pattern}? I don't get it), @var{bits} is the number of bits in the
-constant (meaning it specifies the length of @var{pattern}, I think),
-and @var{pattern} is a hexadecimal representation of the set. AIX
-documentation refers to a limit of 32 bytes, but I see no reason why
-this limit should exist. This form could probably be used for arbitrary
-constants, not just sets; the only catch is that @var{pattern} should be
-understood to be target, not host, byte order and format.
-@end table
-
-The boolean, character, string, and set constants are not supported by
-GDB 4.9, but it ignores them. GDB 4.8 and earlier gave an error
-message and refused to read symbols from the file containing the
-constants.
-
-The above information is followed by @samp{;}.
-
-@node Variables
-@chapter Variables
-
-Different types of stabs describe the various ways that variables can be
-allocated: on the stack, globally, in registers, in common blocks,
-statically, or as arguments to a function.
-
-@menu
-* Stack Variables:: Variables allocated on the stack.
-* Global Variables:: Variables used by more than one source file.
-* Register Variables:: Variables in registers.
-* Common Blocks:: Variables statically allocated together.
-* Statics:: Variables local to one source file.
-* Based Variables:: Fortran pointer based variables.
-* Parameters:: Variables for arguments to functions.
-@end menu
-
-@node Stack Variables
-@section Automatic Variables Allocated on the Stack
-
-If a variable's scope is local to a function and its lifetime is only as
-long as that function executes (C calls such variables
-@dfn{automatic}), it can be allocated in a register (@pxref{Register
-Variables}) or on the stack.
-
-@findex N_LSYM, for stack variables
-@findex C_LSYM
-Each variable allocated on the stack has a stab with the symbol
-descriptor omitted. Since type information should begin with a digit,
-@samp{-}, or @samp{(}, only those characters precluded from being used
-for symbol descriptors. However, the Acorn RISC machine (ARM) is said
-to get this wrong: it puts out a mere type definition here, without the
-preceding @samp{@var{type-number}=}. This is a bad idea; there is no
-guarantee that type descriptors are distinct from symbol descriptors.
-Stabs for stack variables use the @code{N_LSYM} stab type, or
-@code{C_LSYM} for XCOFF.
-
-The value of the stab is the offset of the variable within the
-local variables. On most machines this is an offset from the frame
-pointer and is negative. The location of the stab specifies which block
-it is defined in; see @ref{Block Structure}.
-
-For example, the following C code:
-
-@example
-int
-main ()
-@{
- int x;
-@}
-@end example
-
-produces the following stabs:
-
-@example
-.stabs "main:F1",36,0,0,_main # @r{36 is N_FUN}
-.stabs "x:1",128,0,0,-12 # @r{128 is N_LSYM}
-.stabn 192,0,0,LBB2 # @r{192 is N_LBRAC}
-.stabn 224,0,0,LBE2 # @r{224 is N_RBRAC}
-@end example
-
-@xref{Procedures} for more information on the @code{N_FUN} stab, and
-@ref{Block Structure} for more information on the @code{N_LBRAC} and
-@code{N_RBRAC} stabs.
-
-@node Global Variables
-@section Global Variables
-
-@findex N_GSYM
-@findex C_GSYM
-@c FIXME: verify for sure that it really is C_GSYM on XCOFF
-A variable whose scope is not specific to just one source file is
-represented by the @samp{G} symbol descriptor. These stabs use the
-@code{N_GSYM} stab type (C_GSYM for XCOFF). The type information for
-the stab (@pxref{String Field}) gives the type of the variable.
-
-For example, the following source code:
-
-@example
-char g_foo = 'c';
-@end example
-
-@noindent
-yields the following assembly code:
-
-@example
-.stabs "g_foo:G2",32,0,0,0 # @r{32 is N_GSYM}
- .global _g_foo
- .data
-_g_foo:
- .byte 99
-@end example
-
-The address of the variable represented by the @code{N_GSYM} is not
-contained in the @code{N_GSYM} stab. The debugger gets this information
-from the external symbol for the global variable. In the example above,
-the @code{.global _g_foo} and @code{_g_foo:} lines tell the assembler to
-produce an external symbol.
-
-Some compilers, like GCC, output @code{N_GSYM} stabs only once, where
-the variable is defined. Other compilers, like SunOS4 /bin/cc, output a
-@code{N_GSYM} stab for each compilation unit which references the
-variable.
-
-@node Register Variables
-@section Register Variables
-
-@findex N_RSYM
-@findex C_RSYM
-@c According to an old version of this manual, AIX uses C_RPSYM instead
-@c of C_RSYM. I am skeptical; this should be verified.
-Register variables have their own stab type, @code{N_RSYM}
-(@code{C_RSYM} for XCOFF), and their own symbol descriptor, @samp{r}.
-The stab's value is the number of the register where the variable data
-will be stored.
-@c .stabs "name:type",N_RSYM,0,RegSize,RegNumber (Sun doc)
-
-AIX defines a separate symbol descriptor @samp{d} for floating point
-registers. This seems unnecessary; why not just just give floating
-point registers different register numbers? I have not verified whether
-the compiler actually uses @samp{d}.
-
-If the register is explicitly allocated to a global variable, but not
-initialized, as in:
-
-@example
-register int g_bar asm ("%g5");
-@end example
-
-@noindent
-then the stab may be emitted at the end of the object file, with
-the other bss symbols.
-
-@node Common Blocks
-@section Common Blocks
-
-A common block is a statically allocated section of memory which can be
-referred to by several source files. It may contain several variables.
-I believe Fortran is the only language with this feature.
-
-@findex N_BCOMM
-@findex N_ECOMM
-@findex C_BCOMM
-@findex C_ECOMM
-A @code{N_BCOMM} stab begins a common block and an @code{N_ECOMM} stab
-ends it. The only field that is significant in these two stabs is the
-string, which names a normal (non-debugging) symbol that gives the
-address of the common block. According to IBM documentation, only the
-@code{N_BCOMM} has the name of the common block (even though their
-compiler actually puts it both places).
-
-@findex N_ECOML
-@findex C_ECOML
-The stabs for the members of the common block are between the
-@code{N_BCOMM} and the @code{N_ECOMM}; the value of each stab is the
-offset within the common block of that variable. IBM uses the
-@code{C_ECOML} stab type, and there is a corresponding @code{N_ECOML}
-stab type, but Sun's Fortran compiler uses @code{N_GSYM} instead. The
-variables within a common block use the @samp{V} symbol descriptor (I
-believe this is true of all Fortran variables). Other stabs (at least
-type declarations using @code{C_DECL}) can also be between the
-@code{N_BCOMM} and the @code{N_ECOMM}.
-
-@node Statics
-@section Static Variables
-
-Initialized static variables are represented by the @samp{S} and
-@samp{V} symbol descriptors. @samp{S} means file scope static, and
-@samp{V} means procedure scope static. One exception: in XCOFF, IBM's
-xlc compiler always uses @samp{V}, and whether it is file scope or not
-is distinguished by whether the stab is located within a function.
-
-@c This is probably not worth mentioning; it is only true on the sparc
-@c for `double' variables which although declared const are actually in
-@c the data segment (the text segment can't guarantee 8 byte alignment).
-@c (although GCC
-@c 2.4.5 has a bug in that it uses @code{N_FUN}, so neither dbx nor GDB can
-@c find the variables)
-@findex N_STSYM
-@findex N_LCSYM
-@findex N_FUN, for variables
-@findex N_ROSYM
-In a.out files, @code{N_STSYM} means the data section, @code{N_FUN}
-means the text section, and @code{N_LCSYM} means the bss section. For
-those systems with a read-only data section separate from the text
-section (Solaris), @code{N_ROSYM} means the read-only data section.
-
-For example, the source lines:
-
-@example
-static const int var_const = 5;
-static int var_init = 2;
-static int var_noinit;
-@end example
-
-@noindent
-yield the following stabs:
-
-@example
-.stabs "var_const:S1",36,0,0,_var_const # @r{36 is N_FUN}
-@dots{}
-.stabs "var_init:S1",38,0,0,_var_init # @r{38 is N_STSYM}
-@dots{}
-.stabs "var_noinit:S1",40,0,0,_var_noinit # @r{40 is N_LCSYM}
-@end example
-
-@findex C_STSYM
-@findex C_BSTAT
-@findex C_ESTAT
-In XCOFF files, the stab type need not indicate the section;
-@code{C_STSYM} can be used for all statics. Also, each static variable
-is enclosed in a static block. A @code{C_BSTAT} (emitted with a
-@samp{.bs} assembler directive) symbol begins the static block; its
-value is the symbol number of the csect symbol whose value is the
-address of the static block, its section is the section of the variables
-in that static block, and its name is @samp{.bs}. A @code{C_ESTAT}
-(emitted with a @samp{.es} assembler directive) symbol ends the static
-block; its name is @samp{.es} and its value and section are ignored.
-
-In ECOFF files, the storage class is used to specify the section, so the
-stab type need not indicate the section.
-
-In ELF files, for the SunPRO compiler version 2.0.1, symbol descriptor
-@samp{S} means that the address is absolute (the linker relocates it)
-and symbol descriptor @samp{V} means that the address is relative to the
-start of the relevant section for that compilation unit. SunPRO has
-plans to have the linker stop relocating stabs; I suspect that their the
-debugger gets the address from the corresponding ELF (not stab) symbol.
-I'm not sure how to find which symbol of that name is the right one.
-The clean way to do all this would be to have a the value of a symbol
-descriptor @samp{S} symbol be an offset relative to the start of the
-file, just like everything else, but that introduces obvious
-compatibility problems. For more information on linker stab relocation,
-@xref{ELF Linker Relocation}.
-
-@node Based Variables
-@section Fortran Based Variables
-
-Fortran (at least, the Sun and SGI dialects of FORTRAN-77) has a feature
-which allows allocating arrays with @code{malloc}, but which avoids
-blurring the line between arrays and pointers the way that C does. In
-stabs such a variable uses the @samp{b} symbol descriptor.
-
-For example, the Fortran declarations
-
-@example
-real foo, foo10(10), foo10_5(10,5)
-pointer (foop, foo)
-pointer (foo10p, foo10)
-pointer (foo105p, foo10_5)
-@end example
-
-produce the stabs
-
-@example
-foo:b6
-foo10:bar3;1;10;6
-foo10_5:bar3;1;5;ar3;1;10;6
-@end example
-
-In this example, @code{real} is type 6 and type 3 is an integral type
-which is the type of the subscripts of the array (probably
-@code{integer}).
-
-The @samp{b} symbol descriptor is like @samp{V} in that it denotes a
-statically allocated symbol whose scope is local to a function; see
-@xref{Statics}. The value of the symbol, instead of being the address
-of the variable itself, is the address of a pointer to that variable.
-So in the above example, the value of the @code{foo} stab is the address
-of a pointer to a real, the value of the @code{foo10} stab is the
-address of a pointer to a 10-element array of reals, and the value of
-the @code{foo10_5} stab is the address of a pointer to a 5-element array
-of 10-element arrays of reals.
-
-@node Parameters
-@section Parameters
-
-Formal parameters to a function are represented by a stab (or sometimes
-two; see below) for each parameter. The stabs are in the order in which
-the debugger should print the parameters (i.e., the order in which the
-parameters are declared in the source file). The exact form of the stab
-depends on how the parameter is being passed.
-
-@findex N_PSYM
-@findex C_PSYM
-Parameters passed on the stack use the symbol descriptor @samp{p} and
-the @code{N_PSYM} symbol type (or @code{C_PSYM} for XCOFF). The value
-of the symbol is an offset used to locate the parameter on the stack;
-its exact meaning is machine-dependent, but on most machines it is an
-offset from the frame pointer.
-
-As a simple example, the code:
-
-@example
-main (argc, argv)
- int argc;
- char **argv;
-@end example
-
-produces the stabs:
-
-@example
-.stabs "main:F1",36,0,0,_main # @r{36 is N_FUN}
-.stabs "argc:p1",160,0,0,68 # @r{160 is N_PSYM}
-.stabs "argv:p20=*21=*2",160,0,0,72
-@end example
-
-The type definition of @code{argv} is interesting because it contains
-several type definitions. Type 21 is pointer to type 2 (char) and
-@code{argv} (type 20) is pointer to type 21.
-
-@c FIXME: figure out what these mean and describe them coherently.
-The following symbol descriptors are also said to go with @code{N_PSYM}.
-The value of the symbol is said to be an offset from the argument
-pointer (I'm not sure whether this is true or not).
-
-@example
-pP (<<??>>)
-pF Fortran function parameter
-X (function result variable)
-@end example
-
-@menu
-* Register Parameters::
-* Local Variable Parameters::
-* Reference Parameters::
-* Conformant Arrays::
-@end menu
-
-@node Register Parameters
-@subsection Passing Parameters in Registers
-
-If the parameter is passed in a register, then traditionally there are
-two symbols for each argument:
-
-@example
-.stabs "arg:p1" . . . ; N_PSYM
-.stabs "arg:r1" . . . ; N_RSYM
-@end example
-
-Debuggers use the second one to find the value, and the first one to
-know that it is an argument.
-
-@findex C_RPSYM
-@findex N_RSYM, for parameters
-Because that approach is kind of ugly, some compilers use symbol
-descriptor @samp{P} or @samp{R} to indicate an argument which is in a
-register. Symbol type @code{C_RPSYM} is used in XCOFF and @code{N_RSYM}
-is used otherwise. The symbol's value is the register number. @samp{P}
-and @samp{R} mean the same thing; the difference is that @samp{P} is a
-GNU invention and @samp{R} is an IBM (XCOFF) invention. As of version
-4.9, GDB should handle either one.
-
-There is at least one case where GCC uses a @samp{p} and @samp{r} pair
-rather than @samp{P}; this is where the argument is passed in the
-argument list and then loaded into a register.
-
-According to the AIX documentation, symbol descriptor @samp{D} is for a
-parameter passed in a floating point register. This seems
-unnecessary---why not just use @samp{R} with a register number which
-indicates that it's a floating point register? I haven't verified
-whether the system actually does what the documentation indicates.
-
-@c FIXME: On the hppa this is for any type > 8 bytes, I think, and not
-@c for small structures (investigate).
-On the sparc and hppa, for a @samp{P} symbol whose type is a structure
-or union, the register contains the address of the structure. On the
-sparc, this is also true of a @samp{p} and @samp{r} pair (using Sun
-@code{cc}) or a @samp{p} symbol. However, if a (small) structure is
-really in a register, @samp{r} is used. And, to top it all off, on the
-hppa it might be a structure which was passed on the stack and loaded
-into a register and for which there is a @samp{p} and @samp{r} pair! I
-believe that symbol descriptor @samp{i} is supposed to deal with this
-case (it is said to mean "value parameter by reference, indirect
-access"; I don't know the source for this information), but I don't know
-details or what compilers or debuggers use it, if any (not GDB or GCC).
-It is not clear to me whether this case needs to be dealt with
-differently than parameters passed by reference (@pxref{Reference Parameters}).
-
-@node Local Variable Parameters
-@subsection Storing Parameters as Local Variables
-
-There is a case similar to an argument in a register, which is an
-argument that is actually stored as a local variable. Sometimes this
-happens when the argument was passed in a register and then the compiler
-stores it as a local variable. If possible, the compiler should claim
-that it's in a register, but this isn't always done.
-
-If a parameter is passed as one type and converted to a smaller type by
-the prologue (for example, the parameter is declared as a @code{float},
-but the calling conventions specify that it is passed as a
-@code{double}), then GCC2 (sometimes) uses a pair of symbols. The first
-symbol uses symbol descriptor @samp{p} and the type which is passed.
-The second symbol has the type and location which the parameter actually
-has after the prologue. For example, suppose the following C code
-appears with no prototypes involved:
-
-@example
-void
-subr (f)
- float f;
-@{
-@end example
-
-if @code{f} is passed as a double at stack offset 8, and the prologue
-converts it to a float in register number 0, then the stabs look like:
-
-@example
-.stabs "f:p13",160,0,3,8 # @r{160 is @code{N_PSYM}, here 13 is @code{double}}
-.stabs "f:r12",64,0,3,0 # @r{64 is @code{N_RSYM}, here 12 is @code{float}}
-@end example
-
-In both stabs 3 is the line number where @code{f} is declared
-(@pxref{Line Numbers}).
-
-@findex N_LSYM, for parameter
-GCC, at least on the 960, has another solution to the same problem. It
-uses a single @samp{p} symbol descriptor for an argument which is stored
-as a local variable but uses @code{N_LSYM} instead of @code{N_PSYM}. In
-this case, the value of the symbol is an offset relative to the local
-variables for that function, not relative to the arguments; on some
-machines those are the same thing, but not on all.
-
-@c This is mostly just background info; the part that logically belongs
-@c here is the last sentence.
-On the VAX or on other machines in which the calling convention includes
-the number of words of arguments actually passed, the debugger (GDB at
-least) uses the parameter symbols to keep track of whether it needs to
-print nameless arguments in addition to the formal parameters which it
-has printed because each one has a stab. For example, in
-
-@example
-extern int fprintf (FILE *stream, char *format, @dots{});
-@dots{}
-fprintf (stdout, "%d\n", x);
-@end example
-
-there are stabs for @code{stream} and @code{format}. On most machines,
-the debugger can only print those two arguments (because it has no way
-of knowing that additional arguments were passed), but on the VAX or
-other machines with a calling convention which indicates the number of
-words of arguments, the debugger can print all three arguments. To do
-so, the parameter symbol (symbol descriptor @samp{p}) (not necessarily
-@samp{r} or symbol descriptor omitted symbols) needs to contain the
-actual type as passed (for example, @code{double} not @code{float} if it
-is passed as a double and converted to a float).
-
-@node Reference Parameters
-@subsection Passing Parameters by Reference
-
-If the parameter is passed by reference (e.g., Pascal @code{VAR}
-parameters), then the symbol descriptor is @samp{v} if it is in the
-argument list, or @samp{a} if it in a register. Other than the fact
-that these contain the address of the parameter rather than the
-parameter itself, they are identical to @samp{p} and @samp{R},
-respectively. I believe @samp{a} is an AIX invention; @samp{v} is
-supported by all stabs-using systems as far as I know.
-
-@node Conformant Arrays
-@subsection Passing Conformant Array Parameters
-
-@c Is this paragraph correct? It is based on piecing together patchy
-@c information and some guesswork
-Conformant arrays are a feature of Modula-2, and perhaps other
-languages, in which the size of an array parameter is not known to the
-called function until run-time. Such parameters have two stabs: a
-@samp{x} for the array itself, and a @samp{C}, which represents the size
-of the array. The value of the @samp{x} stab is the offset in the
-argument list where the address of the array is stored (it this right?
-it is a guess); the value of the @samp{C} stab is the offset in the
-argument list where the size of the array (in elements? in bytes?) is
-stored.
-
-@node Types
-@chapter Defining Types
-
-The examples so far have described types as references to previously
-defined types, or defined in terms of subranges of or pointers to
-previously defined types. This chapter describes the other type
-descriptors that may follow the @samp{=} in a type definition.
-
-@menu
-* Builtin Types:: Integers, floating point, void, etc.
-* Miscellaneous Types:: Pointers, sets, files, etc.
-* Cross-References:: Referring to a type not yet defined.
-* Subranges:: A type with a specific range.
-* Arrays:: An aggregate type of same-typed elements.
-* Strings:: Like an array but also has a length.
-* Enumerations:: Like an integer but the values have names.
-* Structures:: An aggregate type of different-typed elements.
-* Typedefs:: Giving a type a name.
-* Unions:: Different types sharing storage.
-* Function Types::
-@end menu
-
-@node Builtin Types
-@section Builtin Types
-
-Certain types are built in (@code{int}, @code{short}, @code{void},
-@code{float}, etc.); the debugger recognizes these types and knows how
-to handle them. Thus, don't be surprised if some of the following ways
-of specifying builtin types do not specify everything that a debugger
-would need to know about the type---in some cases they merely specify
-enough information to distinguish the type from other types.
-
-The traditional way to define builtin types is convolunted, so new ways
-have been invented to describe them. Sun's @code{acc} uses special
-builtin type descriptors (@samp{b} and @samp{R}), and IBM uses negative
-type numbers. GDB accepts all three ways, as of version 4.8; dbx just
-accepts the traditional builtin types and perhaps one of the other two
-formats. The following sections describe each of these formats.
-
-@menu
-* Traditional Builtin Types:: Put on your seatbelts and prepare for kludgery
-* Builtin Type Descriptors:: Builtin types with special type descriptors
-* Negative Type Numbers:: Builtin types using negative type numbers
-@end menu
-
-@node Traditional Builtin Types
-@subsection Traditional Builtin Types
-
-This is the traditional, convoluted method for defining builtin types.
-There are several classes of such type definitions: integer, floating
-point, and @code{void}.
-
-@menu
-* Traditional Integer Types::
-* Traditional Other Types::
-@end menu
-
-@node Traditional Integer Types
-@subsubsection Traditional Integer Types
-
-Often types are defined as subranges of themselves. If the bounding values
-fit within an @code{int}, then they are given normally. For example:
-
-@example
-.stabs "int:t1=r1;-2147483648;2147483647;",128,0,0,0 # @r{128 is N_LSYM}
-.stabs "char:t2=r2;0;127;",128,0,0,0
-@end example
-
-Builtin types can also be described as subranges of @code{int}:
-
-@example
-.stabs "unsigned short:t6=r1;0;65535;",128,0,0,0
-@end example
-
-If the lower bound of a subrange is 0 and the upper bound is -1,
-the type is an unsigned integral type whose bounds are too
-big to describe in an @code{int}. Traditionally this is only used for
-@code{unsigned int} and @code{unsigned long}:
-
-@example
-.stabs "unsigned int:t4=r1;0;-1;",128,0,0,0
-@end example
-
-For larger types, GCC 2.4.5 puts out bounds in octal, with one or more
-leading zeroes. In this case a negative bound consists of a number
-which is a 1 bit (for the sign bit) followed by a 0 bit for each bit in
-the number (except the sign bit), and a positive bound is one which is a
-1 bit for each bit in the number (except possibly the sign bit). All
-known versions of dbx and GDB version 4 accept this (at least in the
-sense of not refusing to process the file), but GDB 3.5 refuses to read
-the whole file containing such symbols. So GCC 2.3.3 did not output the
-proper size for these types. As an example of octal bounds, the string
-fields of the stabs for 64 bit integer types look like:
-
-@c .stabs directives, etc., omitted to make it fit on the page.
-@example
-long int:t3=r1;001000000000000000000000;000777777777777777777777;
-long unsigned int:t5=r1;000000000000000000000000;001777777777777777777777;
-@end example
-
-If the lower bound of a subrange is 0 and the upper bound is negative,
-the type is an unsigned integral type whose size in bytes is the
-absolute value of the upper bound. I believe this is a Convex
-convention for @code{unsigned long long}.
-
-If the lower bound of a subrange is negative and the upper bound is 0,
-the type is a signed integral type whose size in bytes is
-the absolute value of the lower bound. I believe this is a Convex
-convention for @code{long long}. To distinguish this from a legitimate
-subrange, the type should be a subrange of itself. I'm not sure whether
-this is the case for Convex.
-
-@node Traditional Other Types
-@subsubsection Traditional Other Types
-
-If the upper bound of a subrange is 0 and the lower bound is positive,
-the type is a floating point type, and the lower bound of the subrange
-indicates the number of bytes in the type:
-
-@example
-.stabs "float:t12=r1;4;0;",128,0,0,0
-.stabs "double:t13=r1;8;0;",128,0,0,0
-@end example
-
-However, GCC writes @code{long double} the same way it writes
-@code{double}, so there is no way to distinguish.
-
-@example
-.stabs "long double:t14=r1;8;0;",128,0,0,0
-@end example
-
-Complex types are defined the same way as floating-point types; there is
-no way to distinguish a single-precision complex from a double-precision
-floating-point type.
-
-The C @code{void} type is defined as itself:
-
-@example
-.stabs "void:t15=15",128,0,0,0
-@end example
-
-I'm not sure how a boolean type is represented.
-
-@node Builtin Type Descriptors
-@subsection Defining Builtin Types Using Builtin Type Descriptors
-
-This is the method used by Sun's @code{acc} for defining builtin types.
-These are the type descriptors to define builtin types:
-
-@table @code
-@c FIXME: clean up description of width and offset, once we figure out
-@c what they mean
-@item b @var{signed} @var{char-flag} @var{width} ; @var{offset} ; @var{nbits} ;
-Define an integral type. @var{signed} is @samp{u} for unsigned or
-@samp{s} for signed. @var{char-flag} is @samp{c} which indicates this
-is a character type, or is omitted. I assume this is to distinguish an
-integral type from a character type of the same size, for example it
-might make sense to set it for the C type @code{wchar_t} so the debugger
-can print such variables differently (Solaris does not do this). Sun
-sets it on the C types @code{signed char} and @code{unsigned char} which
-arguably is wrong. @var{width} and @var{offset} appear to be for small
-objects stored in larger ones, for example a @code{short} in an
-@code{int} register. @var{width} is normally the number of bytes in the
-type. @var{offset} seems to always be zero. @var{nbits} is the number
-of bits in the type.
-
-Note that type descriptor @samp{b} used for builtin types conflicts with
-its use for Pascal space types (@pxref{Miscellaneous Types}); they can
-be distinguished because the character following the type descriptor
-will be a digit, @samp{(}, or @samp{-} for a Pascal space type, or
-@samp{u} or @samp{s} for a builtin type.
-
-@item w
-Documented by AIX to define a wide character type, but their compiler
-actually uses negative type numbers (@pxref{Negative Type Numbers}).
-
-@item R @var{fp-type} ; @var{bytes} ;
-Define a floating point type. @var{fp-type} has one of the following values:
-
-@table @code
-@item 1 (NF_SINGLE)
-IEEE 32-bit (single precision) floating point format.
-
-@item 2 (NF_DOUBLE)
-IEEE 64-bit (double precision) floating point format.
-
-@item 3 (NF_COMPLEX)
-@item 4 (NF_COMPLEX16)
-@item 5 (NF_COMPLEX32)
-@c "GDB source" really means @file{include/aout/stab_gnu.h}, but trying
-@c to put that here got an overfull hbox.
-These are for complex numbers. A comment in the GDB source describes
-them as Fortran @code{complex}, @code{double complex}, and
-@code{complex*16}, respectively, but what does that mean? (i.e., Single
-precision? Double precison?).
-
-@item 6 (NF_LDOUBLE)
-Long double. This should probably only be used for Sun format
-@code{long double}, and new codes should be used for other floating
-point formats (@code{NF_DOUBLE} can be used if a @code{long double} is
-really just an IEEE double, of course).
-@end table
-
-@var{bytes} is the number of bytes occupied by the type. This allows a
-debugger to perform some operations with the type even if it doesn't
-understand @var{fp-type}.
-
-@item g @var{type-information} ; @var{nbits}
-Documented by AIX to define a floating type, but their compiler actually
-uses negative type numbers (@pxref{Negative Type Numbers}).
-
-@item c @var{type-information} ; @var{nbits}
-Documented by AIX to define a complex type, but their compiler actually
-uses negative type numbers (@pxref{Negative Type Numbers}).
-@end table
-
-The C @code{void} type is defined as a signed integral type 0 bits long:
-@example
-.stabs "void:t19=bs0;0;0",128,0,0,0
-@end example
-The Solaris compiler seems to omit the trailing semicolon in this case.
-Getting sloppy in this way is not a swift move because if a type is
-embedded in a more complex expression it is necessary to be able to tell
-where it ends.
-
-I'm not sure how a boolean type is represented.
-
-@node Negative Type Numbers
-@subsection Negative Type Numbers
-
-This is the method used in XCOFF for defining builtin types.
-Since the debugger knows about the builtin types anyway, the idea of
-negative type numbers is simply to give a special type number which
-indicates the builtin type. There is no stab defining these types.
-
-There are several subtle issues with negative type numbers.
-
-One is the size of the type. A builtin type (for example the C types
-@code{int} or @code{long}) might have different sizes depending on
-compiler options, the target architecture, the ABI, etc. This issue
-doesn't come up for IBM tools since (so far) they just target the
-RS/6000; the sizes indicated below for each size are what the IBM
-RS/6000 tools use. To deal with differing sizes, either define separate
-negative type numbers for each size (which works but requires changing
-the debugger, and, unless you get both AIX dbx and GDB to accept the
-change, introduces an incompatibility), or use a type attribute
-(@pxref{String Field}) to define a new type with the appropriate size
-(which merely requires a debugger which understands type attributes,
-like AIX dbx or GDB). For example,
-
-@example
-.stabs "boolean:t10=@@s8;-16",128,0,0,0
-@end example
-
-defines an 8-bit boolean type, and
-
-@example
-.stabs "boolean:t10=@@s64;-16",128,0,0,0
-@end example
-
-defines a 64-bit boolean type.
-
-A similar issue is the format of the type. This comes up most often for
-floating-point types, which could have various formats (particularly
-extended doubles, which vary quite a bit even among IEEE systems).
-Again, it is best to define a new negative type number for each
-different format; changing the format based on the target system has
-various problems. One such problem is that the Alpha has both VAX and
-IEEE floating types. One can easily imagine one library using the VAX
-types and another library in the same executable using the IEEE types.
-Another example is that the interpretation of whether a boolean is true
-or false can be based on the least significant bit, most significant
-bit, whether it is zero, etc., and different compilers (or different
-options to the same compiler) might provide different kinds of boolean.
-
-The last major issue is the names of the types. The name of a given
-type depends @emph{only} on the negative type number given; these do not
-vary depending on the language, the target system, or anything else.
-One can always define separate type numbers---in the following list you
-will see for example separate @code{int} and @code{integer*4} types
-which are identical except for the name. But compatibility can be
-maintained by not inventing new negative type numbers and instead just
-defining a new type with a new name. For example:
-
-@example
-.stabs "CARDINAL:t10=-8",128,0,0,0
-@end example
-
-Here is the list of negative type numbers. The phrase @dfn{integral
-type} is used to mean twos-complement (I strongly suspect that all
-machines which use stabs use twos-complement; most machines use
-twos-complement these days).
-
-@table @code
-@item -1
-@code{int}, 32 bit signed integral type.
-
-@item -2
-@code{char}, 8 bit type holding a character. Both GDB and dbx on AIX
-treat this as signed. GCC uses this type whether @code{char} is signed
-or not, which seems like a bad idea. The AIX compiler (@code{xlc}) seems to
-avoid this type; it uses -5 instead for @code{char}.
-
-@item -3
-@code{short}, 16 bit signed integral type.
-
-@item -4
-@code{long}, 32 bit signed integral type.
-
-@item -5
-@code{unsigned char}, 8 bit unsigned integral type.
-
-@item -6
-@code{signed char}, 8 bit signed integral type.
-
-@item -7
-@code{unsigned short}, 16 bit unsigned integral type.
-
-@item -8
-@code{unsigned int}, 32 bit unsigned integral type.
-
-@item -9
-@code{unsigned}, 32 bit unsigned integral type.
-
-@item -10
-@code{unsigned long}, 32 bit unsigned integral type.
-
-@item -11
-@code{void}, type indicating the lack of a value.
-
-@item -12
-@code{float}, IEEE single precision.
-
-@item -13
-@code{double}, IEEE double precision.
-
-@item -14
-@code{long double}, IEEE double precision. The compiler claims the size
-will increase in a future release, and for binary compatibility you have
-to avoid using @code{long double}. I hope when they increase it they
-use a new negative type number.
-
-@item -15
-@code{integer}. 32 bit signed integral type.
-
-@item -16
-@code{boolean}. 32 bit type. GDB and GCC assume that zero is false,
-one is true, and other values have unspecified meaning. I hope this
-agrees with how the IBM tools use the type.
-
-@item -17
-@code{short real}. IEEE single precision.
-
-@item -18
-@code{real}. IEEE double precision.
-
-@item -19
-@code{stringptr}. @xref{Strings}.
-
-@item -20
-@code{character}, 8 bit unsigned character type.
-
-@item -21
-@code{logical*1}, 8 bit type. This Fortran type has a split
-personality in that it is used for boolean variables, but can also be
-used for unsigned integers. 0 is false, 1 is true, and other values are
-non-boolean.
-
-@item -22
-@code{logical*2}, 16 bit type. This Fortran type has a split
-personality in that it is used for boolean variables, but can also be
-used for unsigned integers. 0 is false, 1 is true, and other values are
-non-boolean.
-
-@item -23
-@code{logical*4}, 32 bit type. This Fortran type has a split
-personality in that it is used for boolean variables, but can also be
-used for unsigned integers. 0 is false, 1 is true, and other values are
-non-boolean.
-
-@item -24
-@code{logical}, 32 bit type. This Fortran type has a split
-personality in that it is used for boolean variables, but can also be
-used for unsigned integers. 0 is false, 1 is true, and other values are
-non-boolean.
-
-@item -25
-@code{complex}. A complex type consisting of two IEEE single-precision
-floating point values.
-
-@item -26
-@code{complex}. A complex type consisting of two IEEE double-precision
-floating point values.
-
-@item -27
-@code{integer*1}, 8 bit signed integral type.
-
-@item -28
-@code{integer*2}, 16 bit signed integral type.
-
-@item -29
-@code{integer*4}, 32 bit signed integral type.
-
-@item -30
-@code{wchar}. Wide character, 16 bits wide, unsigned (what format?
-Unicode?).
-
-@item -31
-@code{long long}, 64 bit signed integral type.
-
-@item -32
-@code{unsigned long long}, 64 bit unsigned integral type.
-
-@item -33
-@code{logical*8}, 64 bit unsigned integral type.
-
-@item -34
-@code{integer*8}, 64 bit signed integral type.
-@end table
-
-@node Miscellaneous Types
-@section Miscellaneous Types
-
-@table @code
-@item b @var{type-information} ; @var{bytes}
-Pascal space type. This is documented by IBM; what does it mean?
-
-This use of the @samp{b} type descriptor can be distinguished
-from its use for builtin integral types (@pxref{Builtin Type
-Descriptors}) because the character following the type descriptor is
-always a digit, @samp{(}, or @samp{-}.
-
-@item B @var{type-information}
-A volatile-qualified version of @var{type-information}. This is
-a Sun extension. References and stores to a variable with a
-volatile-qualified type must not be optimized or cached; they
-must occur as the user specifies them.
-
-@item d @var{type-information}
-File of type @var{type-information}. As far as I know this is only used
-by Pascal.
-
-@item k @var{type-information}
-A const-qualified version of @var{type-information}. This is a Sun
-extension. A variable with a const-qualified type cannot be modified.
-
-@item M @var{type-information} ; @var{length}
-Multiple instance type. The type seems to composed of @var{length}
-repetitions of @var{type-information}, for example @code{character*3} is
-represented by @samp{M-2;3}, where @samp{-2} is a reference to a
-character type (@pxref{Negative Type Numbers}). I'm not sure how this
-differs from an array. This appears to be a Fortran feature.
-@var{length} is a bound, like those in range types; see @ref{Subranges}.
-
-@item S @var{type-information}
-Pascal set type. @var{type-information} must be a small type such as an
-enumeration or a subrange, and the type is a bitmask whose length is
-specified by the number of elements in @var{type-information}.
-
-In CHILL, if it is a bitstring instead of a set, also use the @samp{S}
-type attribute (@pxref{String Field}).
-
-@item * @var{type-information}
-Pointer to @var{type-information}.
-@end table
-
-@node Cross-References
-@section Cross-References to Other Types
-
-A type can be used before it is defined; one common way to deal with
-that situation is just to use a type reference to a type which has not
-yet been defined.
-
-Another way is with the @samp{x} type descriptor, which is followed by
-@samp{s} for a structure tag, @samp{u} for a union tag, or @samp{e} for
-a enumerator tag, followed by the name of the tag, followed by @samp{:}.
-If the name contains @samp{::} between a @samp{<} and @samp{>} pair (for
-C++ templates), such a @samp{::} does not end the name---only a single
-@samp{:} ends the name; see @ref{Nested Symbols}.
-
-For example, the following C declarations:
-
-@example
-struct foo;
-struct foo *bar;
-@end example
-
-@noindent
-produce:
-
-@example
-.stabs "bar:G16=*17=xsfoo:",32,0,0,0
-@end example
-
-Not all debuggers support the @samp{x} type descriptor, so on some
-machines GCC does not use it. I believe that for the above example it
-would just emit a reference to type 17 and never define it, but I
-haven't verified that.
-
-Modula-2 imported types, at least on AIX, use the @samp{i} type
-descriptor, which is followed by the name of the module from which the
-type is imported, followed by @samp{:}, followed by the name of the
-type. There is then optionally a comma followed by type information for
-the type. This differs from merely naming the type (@pxref{Typedefs}) in
-that it identifies the module; I don't understand whether the name of
-the type given here is always just the same as the name we are giving
-it, or whether this type descriptor is used with a nameless stab
-(@pxref{String Field}), or what. The symbol ends with @samp{;}.
-
-@node Subranges
-@section Subrange Types
-
-The @samp{r} type descriptor defines a type as a subrange of another
-type. It is followed by type information for the type of which it is a
-subrange, a semicolon, an integral lower bound, a semicolon, an
-integral upper bound, and a semicolon. The AIX documentation does not
-specify the trailing semicolon, in an effort to specify array indexes
-more cleanly, but a subrange which is not an array index has always
-included a trailing semicolon (@pxref{Arrays}).
-
-Instead of an integer, either bound can be one of the following:
-
-@table @code
-@item A @var{offset}
-The bound is passed by reference on the stack at offset @var{offset}
-from the argument list. @xref{Parameters}, for more information on such
-offsets.
-
-@item T @var{offset}
-The bound is passed by value on the stack at offset @var{offset} from
-the argument list.
-
-@item a @var{register-number}
-The bound is pased by reference in register number
-@var{register-number}.
-
-@item t @var{register-number}
-The bound is passed by value in register number @var{register-number}.
-
-@item J
-There is no bound.
-@end table
-
-Subranges are also used for builtin types; see @ref{Traditional Builtin Types}.
-
-@node Arrays
-@section Array Types
-
-Arrays use the @samp{a} type descriptor. Following the type descriptor
-is the type of the index and the type of the array elements. If the
-index type is a range type, it ends in a semicolon; otherwise
-(for example, if it is a type reference), there does not
-appear to be any way to tell where the types are separated. In an
-effort to clean up this mess, IBM documents the two types as being
-separated by a semicolon, and a range type as not ending in a semicolon
-(but this is not right for range types which are not array indexes,
-@pxref{Subranges}). I think probably the best solution is to specify
-that a semicolon ends a range type, and that the index type and element
-type of an array are separated by a semicolon, but that if the index
-type is a range type, the extra semicolon can be omitted. GDB (at least
-through version 4.9) doesn't support any kind of index type other than a
-range anyway; I'm not sure about dbx.
-
-It is well established, and widely used, that the type of the index,
-unlike most types found in the stabs, is merely a type definition, not
-type information (@pxref{String Field}) (that is, it need not start with
-@samp{@var{type-number}=} if it is defining a new type). According to a
-comment in GDB, this is also true of the type of the array elements; it
-gives @samp{ar1;1;10;ar1;1;10;4} as a legitimate way to express a two
-dimensional array. According to AIX documentation, the element type
-must be type information. GDB accepts either.
-
-The type of the index is often a range type, expressed as the type
-descriptor @samp{r} and some parameters. It defines the size of the
-array. In the example below, the range @samp{r1;0;2;} defines an index
-type which is a subrange of type 1 (integer), with a lower bound of 0
-and an upper bound of 2. This defines the valid range of subscripts of
-a three-element C array.
-
-For example, the definition:
-
-@example
-char char_vec[3] = @{'a','b','c'@};
-@end example
-
-@noindent
-produces the output:
-
-@example
-.stabs "char_vec:G19=ar1;0;2;2",32,0,0,0
- .global _char_vec
- .align 4
-_char_vec:
- .byte 97
- .byte 98
- .byte 99
-@end example
-
-If an array is @dfn{packed}, the elements are spaced more
-closely than normal, saving memory at the expense of speed. For
-example, an array of 3-byte objects might, if unpacked, have each
-element aligned on a 4-byte boundary, but if packed, have no padding.
-One way to specify that something is packed is with type attributes
-(@pxref{String Field}). In the case of arrays, another is to use the
-@samp{P} type descriptor instead of @samp{a}. Other than specifying a
-packed array, @samp{P} is identical to @samp{a}.
-
-@c FIXME-what is it? A pointer?
-An open array is represented by the @samp{A} type descriptor followed by
-type information specifying the type of the array elements.
-
-@c FIXME: what is the format of this type? A pointer to a vector of pointers?
-An N-dimensional dynamic array is represented by
-
-@example
-D @var{dimensions} ; @var{type-information}
-@end example
-
-@c Does dimensions really have this meaning? The AIX documentation
-@c doesn't say.
-@var{dimensions} is the number of dimensions; @var{type-information}
-specifies the type of the array elements.
-
-@c FIXME: what is the format of this type? A pointer to some offsets in
-@c another array?
-A subarray of an N-dimensional array is represented by
-
-@example
-E @var{dimensions} ; @var{type-information}
-@end example
-
-@c Does dimensions really have this meaning? The AIX documentation
-@c doesn't say.
-@var{dimensions} is the number of dimensions; @var{type-information}
-specifies the type of the array elements.
-
-@node Strings
-@section Strings
-
-Some languages, like C or the original Pascal, do not have string types,
-they just have related things like arrays of characters. But most
-Pascals and various other languages have string types, which are
-indicated as follows:
-
-@table @code
-@item n @var{type-information} ; @var{bytes}
-@var{bytes} is the maximum length. I'm not sure what
-@var{type-information} is; I suspect that it means that this is a string
-of @var{type-information} (thus allowing a string of integers, a string
-of wide characters, etc., as well as a string of characters). Not sure
-what the format of this type is. This is an AIX feature.
-
-@item z @var{type-information} ; @var{bytes}
-Just like @samp{n} except that this is a gstring, not an ordinary
-string. I don't know the difference.
-
-@item N
-Pascal Stringptr. What is this? This is an AIX feature.
-@end table
-
-Languages, such as CHILL which have a string type which is basically
-just an array of characters use the @samp{S} type attribute
-(@pxref{String Field}).
-
-@node Enumerations
-@section Enumerations
-
-Enumerations are defined with the @samp{e} type descriptor.
-
-@c FIXME: Where does this information properly go? Perhaps it is
-@c redundant with something we already explain.
-The source line below declares an enumeration type at file scope.
-The type definition is located after the @code{N_RBRAC} that marks the end of
-the previous procedure's block scope, and before the @code{N_FUN} that marks
-the beginning of the next procedure's block scope. Therefore it does not
-describe a block local symbol, but a file local one.
-
-The source line:
-
-@example
-enum e_places @{first,second=3,last@};
-@end example
-
-@noindent
-generates the following stab:
-
-@example
-.stabs "e_places:T22=efirst:0,second:3,last:4,;",128,0,0,0
-@end example
-
-The symbol descriptor (@samp{T}) says that the stab describes a
-structure, enumeration, or union tag. The type descriptor @samp{e},
-following the @samp{22=} of the type definition narrows it down to an
-enumeration type. Following the @samp{e} is a list of the elements of
-the enumeration. The format is @samp{@var{name}:@var{value},}. The
-list of elements ends with @samp{;}. The fact that @var{value} is
-specified as an integer can cause problems if the value is large. GCC
-2.5.2 tries to output it in octal in that case with a leading zero,
-which is probably a good thing, although GDB 4.11 supports octal only in
-cases where decimal is perfectly good. Negative decimal values are
-supported by both GDB and dbx.
-
-There is no standard way to specify the size of an enumeration type; it
-is determined by the architecture (normally all enumerations types are
-32 bits). Type attributes can be used to specify an enumeration type of
-another size for debuggers which support them; see @ref{String Field}.
-
-Enumeration types are unusual in that they define symbols for the
-enumeration values (@code{first}, @code{second}, and @code{third} in the
-above example), and even though these symbols are visible in the file as
-a whole (rather than being in a more local namespace like structure
-member names), they are defined in the type definition for the
-enumeration type rather than each having their own symbol. In order to
-be fast, GDB will only get symbols from such types (in its initial scan
-of the stabs) if the type is the first thing defined after a @samp{T} or
-@samp{t} symbol descriptor (the above example fulfills this
-requirement). If the type does not have a name, the compiler should
-emit it in a nameless stab (@pxref{String Field}); GCC does this.
-
-@node Structures
-@section Structures
-
-The encoding of structures in stabs can be shown with an example.
-
-The following source code declares a structure tag and defines an
-instance of the structure in global scope. Then a @code{typedef} equates the
-structure tag with a new type. Seperate stabs are generated for the
-structure tag, the structure @code{typedef}, and the structure instance. The
-stabs for the tag and the @code{typedef} are emited when the definitions are
-encountered. Since the structure elements are not initialized, the
-stab and code for the structure variable itself is located at the end
-of the program in the bss section.
-
-@example
-struct s_tag @{
- int s_int;
- float s_float;
- char s_char_vec[8];
- struct s_tag* s_next;
-@} g_an_s;
-
-typedef struct s_tag s_typedef;
-@end example
-
-The structure tag has an @code{N_LSYM} stab type because, like the
-enumeration, the symbol has file scope. Like the enumeration, the
-symbol descriptor is @samp{T}, for enumeration, structure, or tag type.
-The type descriptor @samp{s} following the @samp{16=} of the type
-definition narrows the symbol type to structure.
-
-Following the @samp{s} type descriptor is the number of bytes the
-structure occupies, followed by a description of each structure element.
-The structure element descriptions are of the form @var{name:type, bit
-offset from the start of the struct, number of bits in the element}.
-
-@c FIXME: phony line break. Can probably be fixed by using an example
-@c with fewer fields.
-@example
-# @r{128 is N_LSYM}
-.stabs "s_tag:T16=s20s_int:1,0,32;s_float:12,32,32;
- s_char_vec:17=ar1;0;7;2,64,64;s_next:18=*16,128,32;;",128,0,0,0
-@end example
-
-In this example, the first two structure elements are previously defined
-types. For these, the type following the @samp{@var{name}:} part of the
-element description is a simple type reference. The other two structure
-elements are new types. In this case there is a type definition
-embedded after the @samp{@var{name}:}. The type definition for the
-array element looks just like a type definition for a standalone array.
-The @code{s_next} field is a pointer to the same kind of structure that
-the field is an element of. So the definition of structure type 16
-contains a type definition for an element which is a pointer to type 16.
-
-If a field is a static member (this is a C++ feature in which a single
-variable appears to be a field of every structure of a given type) it
-still starts out with the field name, a colon, and the type, but then
-instead of a comma, bit position, comma, and bit size, there is a colon
-followed by the name of the variable which each such field refers to.
-
-If the structure has methods (a C++ feature), they follow the non-method
-fields; see @ref{Cplusplus}.
-
-@node Typedefs
-@section Giving a Type a Name
-
-@findex N_LSYM, for types
-@findex C_DECL, for types
-To give a type a name, use the @samp{t} symbol descriptor. The type
-is specified by the type information (@pxref{String Field}) for the stab.
-For example,
-
-@example
-.stabs "s_typedef:t16",128,0,0,0 # @r{128 is N_LSYM}
-@end example
-
-specifies that @code{s_typedef} refers to type number 16. Such stabs
-have symbol type @code{N_LSYM} (or @code{C_DECL} for XCOFF). (The Sun
-documentation mentions using @code{N_GSYM} in some cases).
-
-If you are specifying the tag name for a structure, union, or
-enumeration, use the @samp{T} symbol descriptor instead. I believe C is
-the only language with this feature.
-
-If the type is an opaque type (I believe this is a Modula-2 feature),
-AIX provides a type descriptor to specify it. The type descriptor is
-@samp{o} and is followed by a name. I don't know what the name
-means---is it always the same as the name of the type, or is this type
-descriptor used with a nameless stab (@pxref{String Field})? There
-optionally follows a comma followed by type information which defines
-the type of this type. If omitted, a semicolon is used in place of the
-comma and the type information, and the type is much like a generic
-pointer type---it has a known size but little else about it is
-specified.
-
-@node Unions
-@section Unions
-
-@example
-union u_tag @{
- int u_int;
- float u_float;
- char* u_char;
-@} an_u;
-@end example
-
-This code generates a stab for a union tag and a stab for a union
-variable. Both use the @code{N_LSYM} stab type. If a union variable is
-scoped locally to the procedure in which it is defined, its stab is
-located immediately preceding the @code{N_LBRAC} for the procedure's block
-start.
-
-The stab for the union tag, however, is located preceding the code for
-the procedure in which it is defined. The stab type is @code{N_LSYM}. This
-would seem to imply that the union type is file scope, like the struct
-type @code{s_tag}. This is not true. The contents and position of the stab
-for @code{u_type} do not convey any infomation about its procedure local
-scope.
-
-@c FIXME: phony line break. Can probably be fixed by using an example
-@c with fewer fields.
-@smallexample
-# @r{128 is N_LSYM}
-.stabs "u_tag:T23=u4u_int:1,0,32;u_float:12,0,32;u_char:21,0,32;;",
- 128,0,0,0
-@end smallexample
-
-The symbol descriptor @samp{T}, following the @samp{name:} means that
-the stab describes an enumeration, structure, or union tag. The type
-descriptor @samp{u}, following the @samp{23=} of the type definition,
-narrows it down to a union type definition. Following the @samp{u} is
-the number of bytes in the union. After that is a list of union element
-descriptions. Their format is @var{name:type, bit offset into the
-union, number of bytes for the element;}.
-
-The stab for the union variable is:
-
-@example
-.stabs "an_u:23",128,0,0,-20 # @r{128 is N_LSYM}
-@end example
-
-@samp{-20} specifies where the variable is stored (@pxref{Stack
-Variables}).
-
-@node Function Types
-@section Function Types
-
-Various types can be defined for function variables. These types are
-not used in defining functions (@pxref{Procedures}); they are used for
-things like pointers to functions.
-
-The simple, traditional, type is type descriptor @samp{f} is followed by
-type information for the return type of the function, followed by a
-semicolon.
-
-This does not deal with functions for which the number and types of the
-parameters are part of the type, as in Modula-2 or ANSI C. AIX provides
-extensions to specify these, using the @samp{f}, @samp{F}, @samp{p}, and
-@samp{R} type descriptors.
-
-First comes the type descriptor. If it is @samp{f} or @samp{F}, this
-type involves a function rather than a procedure, and the type
-information for the return type of the function follows, followed by a
-comma. Then comes the number of parameters to the function and a
-semicolon. Then, for each parameter, there is the name of the parameter
-followed by a colon (this is only present for type descriptors @samp{R}
-and @samp{F} which represent Pascal function or procedure parameters),
-type information for the parameter, a comma, 0 if passed by reference or
-1 if passed by value, and a semicolon. The type definition ends with a
-semicolon.
-
-For example, this variable definition:
-
-@example
-int (*g_pf)();
-@end example
-
-@noindent
-generates the following code:
-
-@example
-.stabs "g_pf:G24=*25=f1",32,0,0,0
- .common _g_pf,4,"bss"
-@end example
-
-The variable defines a new type, 24, which is a pointer to another new
-type, 25, which is a function returning @code{int}.
-
-@node Symbol Tables
-@chapter Symbol Information in Symbol Tables
-
-This chapter describes the format of symbol table entries
-and how stab assembler directives map to them. It also describes the
-transformations that the assembler and linker make on data from stabs.
-
-@menu
-* Symbol Table Format::
-* Transformations On Symbol Tables::
-@end menu
-
-@node Symbol Table Format
-@section Symbol Table Format
-
-Each time the assembler encounters a stab directive, it puts
-each field of the stab into a corresponding field in a symbol table
-entry of its output file. If the stab contains a string field, the
-symbol table entry for that stab points to a string table entry
-containing the string data from the stab. Assembler labels become
-relocatable addresses. Symbol table entries in a.out have the format:
-
-@c FIXME: should refer to external, not internal.
-@example
-struct internal_nlist @{
- unsigned long n_strx; /* index into string table of name */
- unsigned char n_type; /* type of symbol */
- unsigned char n_other; /* misc info (usually empty) */
- unsigned short n_desc; /* description field */
- bfd_vma n_value; /* value of symbol */
-@};
-@end example
-
-If the stab has a string, the @code{n_strx} field holds the offset in
-bytes of the string within the string table. The string is terminated
-by a NUL character. If the stab lacks a string (for example, it was
-produced by a @code{.stabn} or @code{.stabd} directive), the
-@code{n_strx} field is zero.
-
-Symbol table entries with @code{n_type} field values greater than 0x1f
-originated as stabs generated by the compiler (with one random
-exception). The other entries were placed in the symbol table of the
-executable by the assembler or the linker.
-
-@node Transformations On Symbol Tables
-@section Transformations on Symbol Tables
-
-The linker concatenates object files and does fixups of externally
-defined symbols.
-
-You can see the transformations made on stab data by the assembler and
-linker by examining the symbol table after each pass of the build. To
-do this, use @samp{nm -ap}, which dumps the symbol table, including
-debugging information, unsorted. For stab entries the columns are:
-@var{value}, @var{other}, @var{desc}, @var{type}, @var{string}. For
-assembler and linker symbols, the columns are: @var{value}, @var{type},
-@var{string}.
-
-The low 5 bits of the stab type tell the linker how to relocate the
-value of the stab. Thus for stab types like @code{N_RSYM} and
-@code{N_LSYM}, where the value is an offset or a register number, the
-low 5 bits are @code{N_ABS}, which tells the linker not to relocate the
-value.
-
-Where the value of a stab contains an assembly language label,
-it is transformed by each build step. The assembler turns it into a
-relocatable address and the linker turns it into an absolute address.
-
-@menu
-* Transformations On Static Variables::
-* Transformations On Global Variables::
-* Stab Section Transformations:: For some object file formats,
- things are a bit different.
-@end menu
-
-@node Transformations On Static Variables
-@subsection Transformations on Static Variables
-
-This source line defines a static variable at file scope:
-
-@example
-static int s_g_repeat
-@end example
-
-@noindent
-The following stab describes the symbol:
-
-@example
-.stabs "s_g_repeat:S1",38,0,0,_s_g_repeat
-@end example
-
-@noindent
-The assembler transforms the stab into this symbol table entry in the
-@file{.o} file. The location is expressed as a data segment offset.
-
-@example
-00000084 - 00 0000 STSYM s_g_repeat:S1
-@end example
-
-@noindent
-In the symbol table entry from the executable, the linker has made the
-relocatable address absolute.
-
-@example
-0000e00c - 00 0000 STSYM s_g_repeat:S1
-@end example
-
-@node Transformations On Global Variables
-@subsection Transformations on Global Variables
-
-Stabs for global variables do not contain location information. In
-this case, the debugger finds location information in the assembler or
-linker symbol table entry describing the variable. The source line:
-
-@example
-char g_foo = 'c';
-@end example
-
-@noindent
-generates the stab:
-
-@example
-.stabs "g_foo:G2",32,0,0,0
-@end example
-
-The variable is represented by two symbol table entries in the object
-file (see below). The first one originated as a stab. The second one
-is an external symbol. The upper case @samp{D} signifies that the
-@code{n_type} field of the symbol table contains 7, @code{N_DATA} with
-local linkage. The stab's value is zero since the value is not used for
-@code{N_GSYM} stabs. The value of the linker symbol is the relocatable
-address corresponding to the variable.
-
-@example
-00000000 - 00 0000 GSYM g_foo:G2
-00000080 D _g_foo
-@end example
-
-@noindent
-These entries as transformed by the linker. The linker symbol table
-entry now holds an absolute address:
-
-@example
-00000000 - 00 0000 GSYM g_foo:G2
-@dots{}
-0000e008 D _g_foo
-@end example
-
-@node Stab Section Transformations
-@subsection Transformations of Stabs in separate sections
-
-For object file formats using stabs in separate sections (@pxref{Stab
-Sections}), use @code{objdump --stabs} instead of @code{nm} to show the
-stabs in an object or executable file. @code{objdump} is a GNU utility;
-Sun does not provide any equivalent.
-
-The following example is for a stab whose value is an address is
-relative to the compilation unit (@pxref{ELF Linker Relocation}). For
-example, if the source line
-
-@example
-static int ld = 5;
-@end example
-
-appears within a function, then the assembly language output from the
-compiler contains:
-
-@example
-.Ddata.data:
-@dots{}
- .stabs "ld:V(0,3)",0x26,0,4,.L18-Ddata.data # @r{0x26 is N_STSYM}
-@dots{}
-.L18:
- .align 4
- .word 0x5
-@end example
-
-Because the value is formed by subtracting one symbol from another, the
-value is absolute, not relocatable, and so the object file contains
-
-@example
-Symnum n_type n_othr n_desc n_value n_strx String
-31 STSYM 0 4 00000004 680 ld:V(0,3)
-@end example
-
-without any relocations, and the executable file also contains
-
-@example
-Symnum n_type n_othr n_desc n_value n_strx String
-31 STSYM 0 4 00000004 680 ld:V(0,3)
-@end example
-
-@node Cplusplus
-@chapter GNU C++ Stabs
-
-@menu
-* Class Names:: C++ class names are both tags and typedefs.
-* Nested Symbols:: C++ symbol names can be within other types.
-* Basic Cplusplus Types::
-* Simple Classes::
-* Class Instance::
-* Methods:: Method definition
-* Method Type Descriptor:: The @samp{#} type descriptor
-* Member Type Descriptor:: The @samp{@@} type descriptor
-* Protections::
-* Method Modifiers::
-* Virtual Methods::
-* Inheritence::
-* Virtual Base Classes::
-* Static Members::
-@end menu
-
-@node Class Names
-@section C++ Class Names
-
-In C++, a class name which is declared with @code{class}, @code{struct},
-or @code{union}, is not only a tag, as in C, but also a type name. Thus
-there should be stabs with both @samp{t} and @samp{T} symbol descriptors
-(@pxref{Typedefs}).
-
-To save space, there is a special abbreviation for this case. If the
-@samp{T} symbol descriptor is followed by @samp{t}, then the stab
-defines both a type name and a tag.
-
-For example, the C++ code
-
-@example
-struct foo @{int x;@};
-@end example
-
-can be represented as either
-
-@example
-.stabs "foo:T19=s4x:1,0,32;;",128,0,0,0 # @r{128 is N_LSYM}
-.stabs "foo:t19",128,0,0,0
-@end example
-
-or
-
-@example
-.stabs "foo:Tt19=s4x:1,0,32;;",128,0,0,0
-@end example
-
-@node Nested Symbols
-@section Defining a Symbol Within Another Type
-
-In C++, a symbol (such as a type name) can be defined within another type.
-@c FIXME: Needs example.
-
-In stabs, this is sometimes represented by making the name of a symbol
-which contains @samp{::}. Such a pair of colons does not end the name
-of the symbol, the way a single colon would (@pxref{String Field}). I'm
-not sure how consistently used or well thought out this mechanism is.
-So that a pair of colons in this position always has this meaning,
-@samp{:} cannot be used as a symbol descriptor.
-
-For example, if the string for a stab is @samp{foo::bar::baz:t5=*6},
-then @code{foo::bar::baz} is the name of the symbol, @samp{t} is the
-symbol descriptor, and @samp{5=*6} is the type information.
-
-@node Basic Cplusplus Types
-@section Basic Types For C++
-
-<< the examples that follow are based on a01.C >>
-
-
-C++ adds two more builtin types to the set defined for C. These are
-the unknown type and the vtable record type. The unknown type, type
-16, is defined in terms of itself like the void type.
-
-The vtable record type, type 17, is defined as a structure type and
-then as a structure tag. The structure has four fields: delta, index,
-pfn, and delta2. pfn is the function pointer.
-
-<< In boilerplate $vtbl_ptr_type, what are the fields delta,
-index, and delta2 used for? >>
-
-This basic type is present in all C++ programs even if there are no
-virtual methods defined.
-
-@display
-.stabs "struct_name:sym_desc(type)type_def(17)=type_desc(struct)struct_bytes(8)
- elem_name(delta):type_ref(short int),bit_offset(0),field_bits(16);
- elem_name(index):type_ref(short int),bit_offset(16),field_bits(16);
- elem_name(pfn):type_def(18)=type_desc(ptr to)type_ref(void),
- bit_offset(32),field_bits(32);
- elem_name(delta2):type_def(short int);bit_offset(32),field_bits(16);;"
- N_LSYM, NIL, NIL
-@end display
-
-@smallexample
-.stabs "$vtbl_ptr_type:t17=s8
- delta:6,0,16;index:6,16,16;pfn:18=*15,32,32;delta2:6,32,16;;"
- ,128,0,0,0
-@end smallexample
-
-@display
-.stabs "name:sym_dec(struct tag)type_ref($vtbl_ptr_type)",N_LSYM,NIL,NIL,NIL
-@end display
-
-@example
-.stabs "$vtbl_ptr_type:T17",128,0,0,0
-@end example
-
-@node Simple Classes
-@section Simple Class Definition
-
-The stabs describing C++ language features are an extension of the
-stabs describing C. Stabs representing C++ class types elaborate
-extensively on the stab format used to describe structure types in C.
-Stabs representing class type variables look just like stabs
-representing C language variables.
-
-Consider the following very simple class definition.
-
-@example
-class baseA @{
-public:
- int Adat;
- int Ameth(int in, char other);
-@};
-@end example
-
-The class @code{baseA} is represented by two stabs. The first stab describes
-the class as a structure type. The second stab describes a structure
-tag of the class type. Both stabs are of stab type @code{N_LSYM}. Since the
-stab is not located between an @code{N_FUN} and an @code{N_LBRAC} stab this indicates
-that the class is defined at file scope. If it were, then the @code{N_LSYM}
-would signify a local variable.
-
-A stab describing a C++ class type is similar in format to a stab
-describing a C struct, with each class member shown as a field in the
-structure. The part of the struct format describing fields is
-expanded to include extra information relevent to C++ class members.
-In addition, if the class has multiple base classes or virtual
-functions the struct format outside of the field parts is also
-augmented.
-
-In this simple example the field part of the C++ class stab
-representing member data looks just like the field part of a C struct
-stab. The section on protections describes how its format is
-sometimes extended for member data.
-
-The field part of a C++ class stab representing a member function
-differs substantially from the field part of a C struct stab. It
-still begins with @samp{name:} but then goes on to define a new type number
-for the member function, describe its return type, its argument types,
-its protection level, any qualifiers applied to the method definition,
-and whether the method is virtual or not. If the method is virtual
-then the method description goes on to give the vtable index of the
-method, and the type number of the first base class defining the
-method.
-
-When the field name is a method name it is followed by two colons rather
-than one. This is followed by a new type definition for the method.
-This is a number followed by an equal sign and the type of the method.
-Normally this will be a type declared using the @samp{#} type
-descriptor; see @ref{Method Type Descriptor}; static member functions
-are declared using the @samp{f} type descriptor instead; see
-@ref{Function Types}.
-
-The format of an overloaded operator method name differs from that of
-other methods. It is @samp{op$::@var{operator-name}.} where
-@var{operator-name} is the operator name such as @samp{+} or @samp{+=}.
-The name ends with a period, and any characters except the period can
-occur in the @var{operator-name} string.
-
-The next part of the method description represents the arguments to the
-method, preceeded by a colon and ending with a semi-colon. The types of
-the arguments are expressed in the same way argument types are expressed
-in C++ name mangling. In this example an @code{int} and a @code{char}
-map to @samp{ic}.
-
-This is followed by a number, a letter, and an asterisk or period,
-followed by another semicolon. The number indicates the protections
-that apply to the member function. Here the 2 means public. The
-letter encodes any qualifier applied to the method definition. In
-this case, @samp{A} means that it is a normal function definition. The dot
-shows that the method is not virtual. The sections that follow
-elaborate further on these fields and describe the additional
-information present for virtual methods.
-
-
-@display
-.stabs "class_name:sym_desc(type)type_def(20)=type_desc(struct)struct_bytes(4)
- field_name(Adat):type(int),bit_offset(0),field_bits(32);
-
- method_name(Ameth)::type_def(21)=type_desc(method)return_type(int);
- :arg_types(int char);
- protection(public)qualifier(normal)virtual(no);;"
- N_LSYM,NIL,NIL,NIL
-@end display
-
-@smallexample
-.stabs "baseA:t20=s4Adat:1,0,32;Ameth::21=##1;:ic;2A.;;",128,0,0,0
-
-.stabs "class_name:sym_desc(struct tag)",N_LSYM,NIL,NIL,NIL
-
-.stabs "baseA:T20",128,0,0,0
-@end smallexample
-
-@node Class Instance
-@section Class Instance
-
-As shown above, describing even a simple C++ class definition is
-accomplished by massively extending the stab format used in C to
-describe structure types. However, once the class is defined, C stabs
-with no modifications can be used to describe class instances. The
-following source:
-
-@example
-main () @{
- baseA AbaseA;
-@}
-@end example
-
-@noindent
-yields the following stab describing the class instance. It looks no
-different from a standard C stab describing a local variable.
-
-@display
-.stabs "name:type_ref(baseA)", N_LSYM, NIL, NIL, frame_ptr_offset
-@end display
-
-@example
-.stabs "AbaseA:20",128,0,0,-20
-@end example
-
-@node Methods
-@section Method Definition
-
-The class definition shown above declares Ameth. The C++ source below
-defines Ameth:
-
-@example
-int
-baseA::Ameth(int in, char other)
-@{
- return in;
-@};
-@end example
-
-
-This method definition yields three stabs following the code of the
-method. One stab describes the method itself and following two describe
-its parameters. Although there is only one formal argument all methods
-have an implicit argument which is the @code{this} pointer. The @code{this}
-pointer is a pointer to the object on which the method was called. Note
-that the method name is mangled to encode the class name and argument
-types. Name mangling is described in the @sc{arm} (@cite{The Annotated
-C++ Reference Manual}, by Ellis and Stroustrup, @sc{isbn}
-0-201-51459-1); @file{gpcompare.texi} in Cygnus GCC distributions
-describes the differences between GNU mangling and @sc{arm}
-mangling.
-@c FIXME: Use @xref, especially if this is generally installed in the
-@c info tree.
-@c FIXME: This information should be in a net release, either of GCC or
-@c GDB. But gpcompare.texi doesn't seem to be in the FSF GCC.
-
-@example
-.stabs "name:symbol_desriptor(global function)return_type(int)",
- N_FUN, NIL, NIL, code_addr_of_method_start
-
-.stabs "Ameth__5baseAic:F1",36,0,0,_Ameth__5baseAic
-@end example
-
-Here is the stab for the @code{this} pointer implicit argument. The
-name of the @code{this} pointer is always @code{this}. Type 19, the
-@code{this} pointer is defined as a pointer to type 20, @code{baseA},
-but a stab defining @code{baseA} has not yet been emited. Since the
-compiler knows it will be emited shortly, here it just outputs a cross
-reference to the undefined symbol, by prefixing the symbol name with
-@samp{xs}.
-
-@example
-.stabs "name:sym_desc(register param)type_def(19)=
- type_desc(ptr to)type_ref(baseA)=
- type_desc(cross-reference to)baseA:",N_RSYM,NIL,NIL,register_number
-
-.stabs "this:P19=*20=xsbaseA:",64,0,0,8
-@end example
-
-The stab for the explicit integer argument looks just like a parameter
-to a C function. The last field of the stab is the offset from the
-argument pointer, which in most systems is the same as the frame
-pointer.
-
-@example
-.stabs "name:sym_desc(value parameter)type_ref(int)",
- N_PSYM,NIL,NIL,offset_from_arg_ptr
-
-.stabs "in:p1",160,0,0,72
-@end example
-
-<< The examples that follow are based on A1.C >>
-
-@node Method Type Descriptor
-@section The @samp{#} Type Descriptor
-
-This is used to describe a class method. This is a function which takes
-an extra argument as its first argument, for the @code{this} pointer.
-
-If the @samp{#} is immediately followed by another @samp{#}, the second
-one will be followed by the return type and a semicolon. The class and
-argument types are not specified, and must be determined by demangling
-the name of the method if it is available.
-
-Otherwise, the single @samp{#} is followed by the class type, a comma,
-the return type, a comma, and zero or more parameter types separated by
-commas. The list of arguments is terminated by a semicolon. In the
-debugging output generated by gcc, a final argument type of @code{void}
-indicates a method which does not take a variable number of arguments.
-If the final argument type of @code{void} does not appear, the method
-was declared with an ellipsis.
-
-Note that although such a type will normally be used to describe fields
-in structures, unions, or classes, for at least some versions of the
-compiler it can also be used in other contexts.
-
-@node Member Type Descriptor
-@section The @samp{@@} Type Descriptor
-
-The @samp{@@} type descriptor is for a member (class and variable) type.
-It is followed by type information for the offset basetype, a comma, and
-type information for the type of the field being pointed to. (FIXME:
-this is acknowledged to be gibberish. Can anyone say what really goes
-here?).
-
-Note that there is a conflict between this and type attributes
-(@pxref{String Field}); both use type descriptor @samp{@@}.
-Fortunately, the @samp{@@} type descriptor used in this C++ sense always
-will be followed by a digit, @samp{(}, or @samp{-}, and type attributes
-never start with those things.
-
-@node Protections
-@section Protections
-
-In the simple class definition shown above all member data and
-functions were publicly accessable. The example that follows
-contrasts public, protected and privately accessable fields and shows
-how these protections are encoded in C++ stabs.
-
-If the character following the @samp{@var{field-name}:} part of the
-string is @samp{/}, then the next character is the visibility. @samp{0}
-means private, @samp{1} means protected, and @samp{2} means public.
-Debuggers should ignore visibility characters they do not recognize, and
-assume a reasonable default (such as public) (GDB 4.11 does not, but
-this should be fixed in the next GDB release). If no visibility is
-specified the field is public. The visibility @samp{9} means that the
-field has been optimized out and is public (there is no way to specify
-an optimized out field with a private or protected visibility).
-Visibility @samp{9} is not supported by GDB 4.11; this should be fixed
-in the next GDB release.
-
-The following C++ source:
-
-@example
-class vis @{
-private:
- int priv;
-protected:
- char prot;
-public:
- float pub;
-@};
-@end example
-
-@noindent
-generates the following stab:
-
-@example
-# @r{128 is N_LSYM}
-.stabs "vis:T19=s12priv:/01,0,32;prot:/12,32,8;pub:12,64,32;;",128,0,0,0
-@end example
-
-@samp{vis:T19=s12} indicates that type number 19 is a 12 byte structure
-named @code{vis} The @code{priv} field has public visibility
-(@samp{/0}), type int (@samp{1}), and offset and size @samp{,0,32;}.
-The @code{prot} field has protected visibility (@samp{/1}), type char
-(@samp{2}) and offset and size @samp{,32,8;}. The @code{pub} field has
-type float (@samp{12}), and offset and size @samp{,64,32;}.
-
-Protections for member functions are signified by one digit embeded in
-the field part of the stab describing the method. The digit is 0 if
-private, 1 if protected and 2 if public. Consider the C++ class
-definition below:
-
-@example
-class all_methods @{
-private:
- int priv_meth(int in)@{return in;@};
-protected:
- char protMeth(char in)@{return in;@};
-public:
- float pubMeth(float in)@{return in;@};
-@};
-@end example
-
-It generates the following stab. The digit in question is to the left
-of an @samp{A} in each case. Notice also that in this case two symbol
-descriptors apply to the class name struct tag and struct type.
-
-@display
-.stabs "class_name:sym_desc(struct tag&type)type_def(21)=
- sym_desc(struct)struct_bytes(1)
- meth_name::type_def(22)=sym_desc(method)returning(int);
- :args(int);protection(private)modifier(normal)virtual(no);
- meth_name::type_def(23)=sym_desc(method)returning(char);
- :args(char);protection(protected)modifier(normal)virual(no);
- meth_name::type_def(24)=sym_desc(method)returning(float);
- :args(float);protection(public)modifier(normal)virtual(no);;",
- N_LSYM,NIL,NIL,NIL
-@end display
-
-@smallexample
-.stabs "all_methods:Tt21=s1priv_meth::22=##1;:i;0A.;protMeth::23=##2;:c;1A.;
- pubMeth::24=##12;:f;2A.;;",128,0,0,0
-@end smallexample
-
-@node Method Modifiers
-@section Method Modifiers (@code{const}, @code{volatile}, @code{const volatile})
-
-<< based on a6.C >>
-
-In the class example described above all the methods have the normal
-modifier. This method modifier information is located just after the
-protection information for the method. This field has four possible
-character values. Normal methods use @samp{A}, const methods use
-@samp{B}, volatile methods use @samp{C}, and const volatile methods use
-@samp{D}. Consider the class definition below:
-
-@example
-class A @{
-public:
- int ConstMeth (int arg) const @{ return arg; @};
- char VolatileMeth (char arg) volatile @{ return arg; @};
- float ConstVolMeth (float arg) const volatile @{return arg; @};
-@};
-@end example
-
-This class is described by the following stab:
-
-@display
-.stabs "class(A):sym_desc(struct)type_def(20)=type_desc(struct)struct_bytes(1)
- meth_name(ConstMeth)::type_def(21)sym_desc(method)
- returning(int);:arg(int);protection(public)modifier(const)virtual(no);
- meth_name(VolatileMeth)::type_def(22)=sym_desc(method)
- returning(char);:arg(char);protection(public)modifier(volatile)virt(no)
- meth_name(ConstVolMeth)::type_def(23)=sym_desc(method)
- returning(float);:arg(float);protection(public)modifer(const volatile)
- virtual(no);;", @dots{}
-@end display
-
-@example
-.stabs "A:T20=s1ConstMeth::21=##1;:i;2B.;VolatileMeth::22=##2;:c;2C.;
- ConstVolMeth::23=##12;:f;2D.;;",128,0,0,0
-@end example
-
-@node Virtual Methods
-@section Virtual Methods
-
-<< The following examples are based on a4.C >>
-
-The presence of virtual methods in a class definition adds additional
-data to the class description. The extra data is appended to the
-description of the virtual method and to the end of the class
-description. Consider the class definition below:
-
-@example
-class A @{
-public:
- int Adat;
- virtual int A_virt (int arg) @{ return arg; @};
-@};
-@end example
-
-This results in the stab below describing class A. It defines a new
-type (20) which is an 8 byte structure. The first field of the class
-struct is @samp{Adat}, an integer, starting at structure offset 0 and
-occupying 32 bits.
-
-The second field in the class struct is not explicitly defined by the
-C++ class definition but is implied by the fact that the class
-contains a virtual method. This field is the vtable pointer. The
-name of the vtable pointer field starts with @samp{$vf} and continues with a
-type reference to the class it is part of. In this example the type
-reference for class A is 20 so the name of its vtable pointer field is
-@samp{$vf20}, followed by the usual colon.
-
-Next there is a type definition for the vtable pointer type (21).
-This is in turn defined as a pointer to another new type (22).
-
-Type 22 is the vtable itself, which is defined as an array, indexed by
-a range of integers between 0 and 1, and whose elements are of type
-17. Type 17 was the vtable record type defined by the boilerplate C++
-type definitions, as shown earlier.
-
-The bit offset of the vtable pointer field is 32. The number of bits
-in the field are not specified when the field is a vtable pointer.
-
-Next is the method definition for the virtual member function @code{A_virt}.
-Its description starts out using the same format as the non-virtual
-member functions described above, except instead of a dot after the
-@samp{A} there is an asterisk, indicating that the function is virtual.
-Since is is virtual some addition information is appended to the end
-of the method description.
-
-The first number represents the vtable index of the method. This is a
-32 bit unsigned number with the high bit set, followed by a
-semi-colon.
-
-The second number is a type reference to the first base class in the
-inheritence hierarchy defining the virtual member function. In this
-case the class stab describes a base class so the virtual function is
-not overriding any other definition of the method. Therefore the
-reference is to the type number of the class that the stab is
-describing (20).
-
-This is followed by three semi-colons. One marks the end of the
-current sub-section, one marks the end of the method field, and the
-third marks the end of the struct definition.
-
-For classes containing virtual functions the very last section of the
-string part of the stab holds a type reference to the first base
-class. This is preceeded by @samp{~%} and followed by a final semi-colon.
-
-@display
-.stabs "class_name(A):type_def(20)=sym_desc(struct)struct_bytes(8)
- field_name(Adat):type_ref(int),bit_offset(0),field_bits(32);
- field_name(A virt func ptr):type_def(21)=type_desc(ptr to)type_def(22)=
- sym_desc(array)index_type_ref(range of int from 0 to 1);
- elem_type_ref(vtbl elem type),
- bit_offset(32);
- meth_name(A_virt)::typedef(23)=sym_desc(method)returning(int);
- :arg_type(int),protection(public)normal(yes)virtual(yes)
- vtable_index(1);class_first_defining(A);;;~%first_base(A);",
- N_LSYM,NIL,NIL,NIL
-@end display
-
-@c FIXME: bogus line break.
-@example
-.stabs "A:t20=s8Adat:1,0,32;$vf20:21=*22=ar1;0;1;17,32;
- A_virt::23=##1;:i;2A*-2147483647;20;;;~%20;",128,0,0,0
-@end example
-
-@node Inheritence
-@section Inheritence
-
-Stabs describing C++ derived classes include additional sections that
-describe the inheritence hierarchy of the class. A derived class stab
-also encodes the number of base classes. For each base class it tells
-if the base class is virtual or not, and if the inheritence is private
-or public. It also gives the offset into the object of the portion of
-the object corresponding to each base class.
-
-This additional information is embeded in the class stab following the
-number of bytes in the struct. First the number of base classes
-appears bracketed by an exclamation point and a comma.
-
-Then for each base type there repeats a series: a virtual character, a
-visibilty character, a number, a comma, another number, and a
-semi-colon.
-
-The virtual character is @samp{1} if the base class is virtual and
-@samp{0} if not. The visibility character is @samp{2} if the derivation
-is public, @samp{1} if it is protected, and @samp{0} if it is private.
-Debuggers should ignore virtual or visibility characters they do not
-recognize, and assume a reasonable default (such as public and
-non-virtual) (GDB 4.11 does not, but this should be fixed in the next
-GDB release).
-
-The number following the virtual and visibility characters is the offset
-from the start of the object to the part of the object pertaining to the
-base class.
-
-After the comma, the second number is a type_descriptor for the base
-type. Finally a semi-colon ends the series, which repeats for each
-base class.
-
-The source below defines three base classes @code{A}, @code{B}, and
-@code{C} and the derived class @code{D}.
-
-
-@example
-class A @{
-public:
- int Adat;
- virtual int A_virt (int arg) @{ return arg; @};
-@};
-
-class B @{
-public:
- int B_dat;
- virtual int B_virt (int arg) @{return arg; @};
-@};
-
-class C @{
-public:
- int Cdat;
- virtual int C_virt (int arg) @{return arg; @};
-@};
-
-class D : A, virtual B, public C @{
-public:
- int Ddat;
- virtual int A_virt (int arg ) @{ return arg+1; @};
- virtual int B_virt (int arg) @{ return arg+2; @};
- virtual int C_virt (int arg) @{ return arg+3; @};
- virtual int D_virt (int arg) @{ return arg; @};
-@};
-@end example
-
-Class stabs similar to the ones described earlier are generated for
-each base class.
-
-@c FIXME!!! the linebreaks in the following example probably make the
-@c examples literally unusable, but I don't know any other way to get
-@c them on the page.
-@c One solution would be to put some of the type definitions into
-@c separate stabs, even if that's not exactly what the compiler actually
-@c emits.
-@smallexample
-.stabs "A:T20=s8Adat:1,0,32;$vf20:21=*22=ar1;0;1;17,32;
- A_virt::23=##1;:i;2A*-2147483647;20;;;~%20;",128,0,0,0
-
-.stabs "B:Tt25=s8Bdat:1,0,32;$vf25:21,32;B_virt::26=##1;
- :i;2A*-2147483647;25;;;~%25;",128,0,0,0
-
-.stabs "C:Tt28=s8Cdat:1,0,32;$vf28:21,32;C_virt::29=##1;
- :i;2A*-2147483647;28;;;~%28;",128,0,0,0
-@end smallexample
-
-In the stab describing derived class @code{D} below, the information about
-the derivation of this class is encoded as follows.
-
-@display
-.stabs "derived_class_name:symbol_descriptors(struct tag&type)=
- type_descriptor(struct)struct_bytes(32)!num_bases(3),
- base_virtual(no)inheritence_public(no)base_offset(0),
- base_class_type_ref(A);
- base_virtual(yes)inheritence_public(no)base_offset(NIL),
- base_class_type_ref(B);
- base_virtual(no)inheritence_public(yes)base_offset(64),
- base_class_type_ref(C); @dots{}
-@end display
-
-@c FIXME! fake linebreaks.
-@smallexample
-.stabs "D:Tt31=s32!3,000,20;100,25;0264,28;$vb25:24,128;Ddat:
- 1,160,32;A_virt::32=##1;:i;2A*-2147483647;20;;B_virt:
- :32:i;2A*-2147483647;25;;C_virt::32:i;2A*-2147483647;
- 28;;D_virt::32:i;2A*-2147483646;31;;;~%20;",128,0,0,0
-@end smallexample
-
-@node Virtual Base Classes
-@section Virtual Base Classes
-
-A derived class object consists of a concatination in memory of the data
-areas defined by each base class, starting with the leftmost and ending
-with the rightmost in the list of base classes. The exception to this
-rule is for virtual inheritence. In the example above, class @code{D}
-inherits virtually from base class @code{B}. This means that an
-instance of a @code{D} object will not contain its own @code{B} part but
-merely a pointer to a @code{B} part, known as a virtual base pointer.
-
-In a derived class stab, the base offset part of the derivation
-information, described above, shows how the base class parts are
-ordered. The base offset for a virtual base class is always given as 0.
-Notice that the base offset for @code{B} is given as 0 even though
-@code{B} is not the first base class. The first base class @code{A}
-starts at offset 0.
-
-The field information part of the stab for class @code{D} describes the field
-which is the pointer to the virtual base class @code{B}. The vbase pointer
-name is @samp{$vb} followed by a type reference to the virtual base class.
-Since the type id for @code{B} in this example is 25, the vbase pointer name
-is @samp{$vb25}.
-
-@c FIXME!! fake linebreaks below
-@smallexample
-.stabs "D:Tt31=s32!3,000,20;100,25;0264,28;$vb25:24,128;Ddat:1,
- 160,32;A_virt::32=##1;:i;2A*-2147483647;20;;B_virt::32:i;
- 2A*-2147483647;25;;C_virt::32:i;2A*-2147483647;28;;D_virt:
- :32:i;2A*-2147483646;31;;;~%20;",128,0,0,0
-@end smallexample
-
-Following the name and a semicolon is a type reference describing the
-type of the virtual base class pointer, in this case 24. Type 24 was
-defined earlier as the type of the @code{B} class @code{this} pointer. The
-@code{this} pointer for a class is a pointer to the class type.
-
-@example
-.stabs "this:P24=*25=xsB:",64,0,0,8
-@end example
-
-Finally the field offset part of the vbase pointer field description
-shows that the vbase pointer is the first field in the @code{D} object,
-before any data fields defined by the class. The layout of a @code{D}
-class object is a follows, @code{Adat} at 0, the vtable pointer for
-@code{A} at 32, @code{Cdat} at 64, the vtable pointer for C at 96, the
-virtual base pointer for @code{B} at 128, and @code{Ddat} at 160.
-
-
-@node Static Members
-@section Static Members
-
-The data area for a class is a concatenation of the space used by the
-data members of the class. If the class has virtual methods, a vtable
-pointer follows the class data. The field offset part of each field
-description in the class stab shows this ordering.
-
-<< How is this reflected in stabs? See Cygnus bug #677 for some info. >>
-
-@node Stab Types
-@appendix Table of Stab Types
-
-The following are all the possible values for the stab type field, for
-a.out files, in numeric order. This does not apply to XCOFF, but
-it does apply to stabs in sections (@pxref{Stab Sections}). Stabs in
-ECOFF use these values but add 0x8f300 to distinguish them from non-stab
-symbols.
-
-The symbolic names are defined in the file @file{include/aout/stabs.def}.
-
-@menu
-* Non-Stab Symbol Types:: Types from 0 to 0x1f
-* Stab Symbol Types:: Types from 0x20 to 0xff
-@end menu
-
-@node Non-Stab Symbol Types
-@appendixsec Non-Stab Symbol Types
-
-The following types are used by the linker and assembler, not by stab
-directives. Since this document does not attempt to describe aspects of
-object file format other than the debugging format, no details are
-given.
-
-@c Try to get most of these to fit on a single line.
-@iftex
-@tableindent=1.5in
-@end iftex
-
-@table @code
-@item 0x0 N_UNDF
-Undefined symbol
-
-@item 0x2 N_ABS
-File scope absolute symbol
-
-@item 0x3 N_ABS | N_EXT
-External absolute symbol
-
-@item 0x4 N_TEXT
-File scope text symbol
-
-@item 0x5 N_TEXT | N_EXT
-External text symbol
-
-@item 0x6 N_DATA
-File scope data symbol
-
-@item 0x7 N_DATA | N_EXT
-External data symbol
-
-@item 0x8 N_BSS
-File scope BSS symbol
-
-@item 0x9 N_BSS | N_EXT
-External BSS symbol
-
-@item 0x0c N_FN_SEQ
-Same as @code{N_FN}, for Sequent compilers
-
-@item 0x0a N_INDR
-Symbol is indirected to another symbol
-
-@item 0x12 N_COMM
-Common---visible after shared library dynamic link
-
-@item 0x14 N_SETA
-@itemx 0x15 N_SETA | N_EXT
-Absolute set element
-
-@item 0x16 N_SETT
-@itemx 0x17 N_SETT | N_EXT
-Text segment set element
-
-@item 0x18 N_SETD
-@itemx 0x19 N_SETD | N_EXT
-Data segment set element
-
-@item 0x1a N_SETB
-@itemx 0x1b N_SETB | N_EXT
-BSS segment set element
-
-@item 0x1c N_SETV
-@itemx 0x1d N_SETV | N_EXT
-Pointer to set vector
-
-@item 0x1e N_WARNING
-Print a warning message during linking
-
-@item 0x1f N_FN
-File name of a @file{.o} file
-@end table
-
-@node Stab Symbol Types
-@appendixsec Stab Symbol Types
-
-The following symbol types indicate that this is a stab. This is the
-full list of stab numbers, including stab types that are used in
-languages other than C.
-
-@table @code
-@item 0x20 N_GSYM
-Global symbol; see @ref{Global Variables}.
-
-@item 0x22 N_FNAME
-Function name (for BSD Fortran); see @ref{Procedures}.
-
-@item 0x24 N_FUN
-Function name (@pxref{Procedures}) or text segment variable
-(@pxref{Statics}).
-
-@item 0x26 N_STSYM
-Data segment file-scope variable; see @ref{Statics}.
-
-@item 0x28 N_LCSYM
-BSS segment file-scope variable; see @ref{Statics}.
-
-@item 0x2a N_MAIN
-Name of main routine; see @ref{Main Program}.
-
-@item 0x2c N_ROSYM
-Variable in @code{.rodata} section; see @ref{Statics}.
-
-@item 0x30 N_PC
-Global symbol (for Pascal); see @ref{N_PC}.
-
-@item 0x32 N_NSYMS
-Number of symbols (according to Ultrix V4.0); see @ref{N_NSYMS}.
-
-@item 0x34 N_NOMAP
-No DST map; see @ref{N_NOMAP}.
-
-@c FIXME: describe this solaris feature in the body of the text (see
-@c comments in include/aout/stab.def).
-@item 0x38 N_OBJ
-Object file (Solaris2).
-
-@c See include/aout/stab.def for (a little) more info.
-@item 0x3c N_OPT
-Debugger options (Solaris2).
-
-@item 0x40 N_RSYM
-Register variable; see @ref{Register Variables}.
-
-@item 0x42 N_M2C
-Modula-2 compilation unit; see @ref{N_M2C}.
-
-@item 0x44 N_SLINE
-Line number in text segment; see @ref{Line Numbers}.
-
-@item 0x46 N_DSLINE
-Line number in data segment; see @ref{Line Numbers}.
-
-@item 0x48 N_BSLINE
-Line number in bss segment; see @ref{Line Numbers}.
-
-@item 0x48 N_BROWS
-Sun source code browser, path to @file{.cb} file; see @ref{N_BROWS}.
-
-@item 0x4a N_DEFD
-GNU Modula2 definition module dependency; see @ref{N_DEFD}.
-
-@item 0x4c N_FLINE
-Function start/body/end line numbers (Solaris2).
-
-@item 0x50 N_EHDECL
-GNU C++ exception variable; see @ref{N_EHDECL}.
-
-@item 0x50 N_MOD2
-Modula2 info "for imc" (according to Ultrix V4.0); see @ref{N_MOD2}.
-
-@item 0x54 N_CATCH
-GNU C++ @code{catch} clause; see @ref{N_CATCH}.
-
-@item 0x60 N_SSYM
-Structure of union element; see @ref{N_SSYM}.
-
-@item 0x62 N_ENDM
-Last stab for module (Solaris2).
-
-@item 0x64 N_SO
-Path and name of source file; see @ref{Source Files}.
-
-@item 0x80 N_LSYM
-Stack variable (@pxref{Stack Variables}) or type (@pxref{Typedefs}).
-
-@item 0x82 N_BINCL
-Beginning of an include file (Sun only); see @ref{Include Files}.
-
-@item 0x84 N_SOL
-Name of include file; see @ref{Include Files}.
-
-@item 0xa0 N_PSYM
-Parameter variable; see @ref{Parameters}.
-
-@item 0xa2 N_EINCL
-End of an include file; see @ref{Include Files}.
-
-@item 0xa4 N_ENTRY
-Alternate entry point; see @ref{Alternate Entry Points}.
-
-@item 0xc0 N_LBRAC
-Beginning of a lexical block; see @ref{Block Structure}.
-
-@item 0xc2 N_EXCL
-Place holder for a deleted include file; see @ref{Include Files}.
-
-@item 0xc4 N_SCOPE
-Modula2 scope information (Sun linker); see @ref{N_SCOPE}.
-
-@item 0xe0 N_RBRAC
-End of a lexical block; see @ref{Block Structure}.
-
-@item 0xe2 N_BCOMM
-Begin named common block; see @ref{Common Blocks}.
-
-@item 0xe4 N_ECOMM
-End named common block; see @ref{Common Blocks}.
-
-@item 0xe8 N_ECOML
-Member of a common block; see @ref{Common Blocks}.
-
-@c FIXME: How does this really work? Move it to main body of document.
-@item 0xea N_WITH
-Pascal @code{with} statement: type,,0,0,offset (Solaris2).
-
-@item 0xf0 N_NBTEXT
-Gould non-base registers; see @ref{Gould}.
-
-@item 0xf2 N_NBDATA
-Gould non-base registers; see @ref{Gould}.
-
-@item 0xf4 N_NBBSS
-Gould non-base registers; see @ref{Gould}.
-
-@item 0xf6 N_NBSTS
-Gould non-base registers; see @ref{Gould}.
-
-@item 0xf8 N_NBLCS
-Gould non-base registers; see @ref{Gould}.
-@end table
-
-@c Restore the default table indent
-@iftex
-@tableindent=.8in
-@end iftex
-
-@node Symbol Descriptors
-@appendix Table of Symbol Descriptors
-
-The symbol descriptor is the character which follows the colon in many
-stabs, and which tells what kind of stab it is. @xref{String Field},
-for more information about their use.
-
-@c Please keep this alphabetical
-@table @code
-@c In TeX, this looks great, digit is in italics. But makeinfo insists
-@c on putting it in `', not realizing that @var should override @code.
-@c I don't know of any way to make makeinfo do the right thing. Seems
-@c like a makeinfo bug to me.
-@item @var{digit}
-@itemx (
-@itemx -
-Variable on the stack; see @ref{Stack Variables}.
-
-@item :
-C++ nested symbol; see @xref{Nested Symbols}
-
-@item a
-Parameter passed by reference in register; see @ref{Reference Parameters}.
-
-@item b
-Based variable; see @ref{Based Variables}.
-
-@item c
-Constant; see @ref{Constants}.
-
-@item C
-Conformant array bound (Pascal, maybe other languages); @ref{Conformant
-Arrays}. Name of a caught exception (GNU C++). These can be
-distinguished because the latter uses @code{N_CATCH} and the former uses
-another symbol type.
-
-@item d
-Floating point register variable; see @ref{Register Variables}.
-
-@item D
-Parameter in floating point register; see @ref{Register Parameters}.
-
-@item f
-File scope function; see @ref{Procedures}.
-
-@item F
-Global function; see @ref{Procedures}.
-
-@item G
-Global variable; see @ref{Global Variables}.
-
-@item i
-@xref{Register Parameters}.
-
-@item I
-Internal (nested) procedure; see @ref{Nested Procedures}.
-
-@item J
-Internal (nested) function; see @ref{Nested Procedures}.
-
-@item L
-Label name (documented by AIX, no further information known).
-
-@item m
-Module; see @ref{Procedures}.
-
-@item p
-Argument list parameter; see @ref{Parameters}.
-
-@item pP
-@xref{Parameters}.
-
-@item pF
-Fortran Function parameter; see @ref{Parameters}.
-
-@item P
-Unfortunately, three separate meanings have been independently invented
-for this symbol descriptor. At least the GNU and Sun uses can be
-distinguished by the symbol type. Global Procedure (AIX) (symbol type
-used unknown); see @ref{Procedures}. Register parameter (GNU) (symbol
-type @code{N_PSYM}); see @ref{Parameters}. Prototype of function
-referenced by this file (Sun @code{acc}) (symbol type @code{N_FUN}).
-
-@item Q
-Static Procedure; see @ref{Procedures}.
-
-@item R
-Register parameter; see @ref{Register Parameters}.
-
-@item r
-Register variable; see @ref{Register Variables}.
-
-@item S
-File scope variable; see @ref{Statics}.
-
-@item s
-Local variable (OS9000).
-
-@item t
-Type name; see @ref{Typedefs}.
-
-@item T
-Enumeration, structure, or union tag; see @ref{Typedefs}.
-
-@item v
-Parameter passed by reference; see @ref{Reference Parameters}.
-
-@item V
-Procedure scope static variable; see @ref{Statics}.
-
-@item x
-Conformant array; see @ref{Conformant Arrays}.
-
-@item X
-Function return variable; see @ref{Parameters}.
-@end table
-
-@node Type Descriptors
-@appendix Table of Type Descriptors
-
-The type descriptor is the character which follows the type number and
-an equals sign. It specifies what kind of type is being defined.
-@xref{String Field}, for more information about their use.
-
-@table @code
-@item @var{digit}
-@itemx (
-Type reference; see @ref{String Field}.
-
-@item -
-Reference to builtin type; see @ref{Negative Type Numbers}.
-
-@item #
-Method (C++); see @ref{Method Type Descriptor}.
-
-@item *
-Pointer; see @ref{Miscellaneous Types}.
-
-@item &
-Reference (C++).
-
-@item @@
-Type Attributes (AIX); see @ref{String Field}. Member (class and variable)
-type (GNU C++); see @ref{Member Type Descriptor}.
-
-@item a
-Array; see @ref{Arrays}.
-
-@item A
-Open array; see @ref{Arrays}.
-
-@item b
-Pascal space type (AIX); see @ref{Miscellaneous Types}. Builtin integer
-type (Sun); see @ref{Builtin Type Descriptors}. Const and volatile
-qualfied type (OS9000).
-
-@item B
-Volatile-qualified type; see @ref{Miscellaneous Types}.
-
-@item c
-Complex builtin type (AIX); see @ref{Builtin Type Descriptors}.
-Const-qualified type (OS9000).
-
-@item C
-COBOL Picture type. See AIX documentation for details.
-
-@item d
-File type; see @ref{Miscellaneous Types}.
-
-@item D
-N-dimensional dynamic array; see @ref{Arrays}.
-
-@item e
-Enumeration type; see @ref{Enumerations}.
-
-@item E
-N-dimensional subarray; see @ref{Arrays}.
-
-@item f
-Function type; see @ref{Function Types}.
-
-@item F
-Pascal function parameter; see @ref{Function Types}
-
-@item g
-Builtin floating point type; see @ref{Builtin Type Descriptors}.
-
-@item G
-COBOL Group. See AIX documentation for details.
-
-@item i
-Imported type (AIX); see @ref{Cross-References}. Volatile-qualified
-type (OS9000).
-
-@item k
-Const-qualified type; see @ref{Miscellaneous Types}.
-
-@item K
-COBOL File Descriptor. See AIX documentation for details.
-
-@item M
-Multiple instance type; see @ref{Miscellaneous Types}.
-
-@item n
-String type; see @ref{Strings}.
-
-@item N
-Stringptr; see @ref{Strings}.
-
-@item o
-Opaque type; see @ref{Typedefs}.
-
-@item p
-Procedure; see @ref{Function Types}.
-
-@item P
-Packed array; see @ref{Arrays}.
-
-@item r
-Range type; see @ref{Subranges}.
-
-@item R
-Builtin floating type; see @ref{Builtin Type Descriptors} (Sun). Pascal
-subroutine parameter; see @ref{Function Types} (AIX). Detecting this
-conflict is possible with careful parsing (hint: a Pascal subroutine
-parameter type will always contain a comma, and a builtin type
-descriptor never will).
-
-@item s
-Structure type; see @ref{Structures}.
-
-@item S
-Set type; see @ref{Miscellaneous Types}.
-
-@item u
-Union; see @ref{Unions}.
-
-@item v
-Variant record. This is a Pascal and Modula-2 feature which is like a
-union within a struct in C. See AIX documentation for details.
-
-@item w
-Wide character; see @ref{Builtin Type Descriptors}.
-
-@item x
-Cross-reference; see @ref{Cross-References}.
-
-@item Y
-Used by IBM's xlC C++ compiler (for structures, I think).
-
-@item z
-gstring; see @ref{Strings}.
-@end table
-
-@node Expanded Reference
-@appendix Expanded Reference by Stab Type
-
-@c FIXME: This appendix should go away; see N_PSYM or N_SO for an example.
-
-For a full list of stab types, and cross-references to where they are
-described, see @ref{Stab Types}. This appendix just covers certain
-stabs which are not yet described in the main body of this document;
-eventually the information will all be in one place.
-
-Format of an entry:
-
-The first line is the symbol type (see @file{include/aout/stab.def}).
-
-The second line describes the language constructs the symbol type
-represents.
-
-The third line is the stab format with the significant stab fields
-named and the rest NIL.
-
-Subsequent lines expand upon the meaning and possible values for each
-significant stab field.
-
-Finally, any further information.
-
-@menu
-* N_PC:: Pascal global symbol
-* N_NSYMS:: Number of symbols
-* N_NOMAP:: No DST map
-* N_M2C:: Modula-2 compilation unit
-* N_BROWS:: Path to .cb file for Sun source code browser
-* N_DEFD:: GNU Modula2 definition module dependency
-* N_EHDECL:: GNU C++ exception variable
-* N_MOD2:: Modula2 information "for imc"
-* N_CATCH:: GNU C++ "catch" clause
-* N_SSYM:: Structure or union element
-* N_SCOPE:: Modula2 scope information (Sun only)
-* Gould:: non-base register symbols used on Gould systems
-* N_LENG:: Length of preceding entry
-@end menu
-
-@node N_PC
-@section N_PC
-
-@deffn @code{.stabs} N_PC
-@findex N_PC
-Global symbol (for Pascal).
-
-@example
-"name" -> "symbol_name" <<?>>
-value -> supposedly the line number (stab.def is skeptical)
-@end example
-
-@display
-@file{stabdump.c} says:
-
-global pascal symbol: name,,0,subtype,line
-<< subtype? >>
-@end display
-@end deffn
-
-@node N_NSYMS
-@section N_NSYMS
-
-@deffn @code{.stabn} N_NSYMS
-@findex N_NSYMS
-Number of symbols (according to Ultrix V4.0).
-
-@display
- 0, files,,funcs,lines (stab.def)
-@end display
-@end deffn
-
-@node N_NOMAP
-@section N_NOMAP
-
-@deffn @code{.stabs} N_NOMAP
-@findex N_NOMAP
-No DST map for symbol (according to Ultrix V4.0). I think this means a
-variable has been optimized out.
-
-@display
- name, ,0,type,ignored (stab.def)
-@end display
-@end deffn
-
-@node N_M2C
-@section N_M2C
-
-@deffn @code{.stabs} N_M2C
-@findex N_M2C
-Modula-2 compilation unit.
-
-@example
-"string" -> "unit_name,unit_time_stamp[,code_time_stamp]"
-desc -> unit_number
-value -> 0 (main unit)
- 1 (any other unit)
-@end example
-
-See @cite{Dbx and Dbxtool Interfaces}, 2nd edition, by Sun, 1988, for
-more information.
-
-@end deffn
-
-@node N_BROWS
-@section N_BROWS
-
-@deffn @code{.stabs} N_BROWS
-@findex N_BROWS
-Sun source code browser, path to @file{.cb} file
-
-<<?>>
-"path to associated @file{.cb} file"
-
-Note: N_BROWS has the same value as N_BSLINE.
-@end deffn
-
-@node N_DEFD
-@section N_DEFD
-
-@deffn @code{.stabn} N_DEFD
-@findex N_DEFD
-GNU Modula2 definition module dependency.
-
-GNU Modula-2 definition module dependency. The value is the
-modification time of the definition file. The other field is non-zero
-if it is imported with the GNU M2 keyword @code{%INITIALIZE}. Perhaps
-@code{N_M2C} can be used if there are enough empty fields?
-@end deffn
-
-@node N_EHDECL
-@section N_EHDECL
-
-@deffn @code{.stabs} N_EHDECL
-@findex N_EHDECL
-GNU C++ exception variable <<?>>.
-
-"@var{string} is variable name"
-
-Note: conflicts with @code{N_MOD2}.
-@end deffn
-
-@node N_MOD2
-@section N_MOD2
-
-@deffn @code{.stab?} N_MOD2
-@findex N_MOD2
-Modula2 info "for imc" (according to Ultrix V4.0)
-
-Note: conflicts with @code{N_EHDECL} <<?>>
-@end deffn
-
-@node N_CATCH
-@section N_CATCH
-
-@deffn @code{.stabn} N_CATCH
-@findex N_CATCH
-GNU C++ @code{catch} clause
-
-GNU C++ @code{catch} clause. The value is its address. The desc field
-is nonzero if this entry is immediately followed by a @code{CAUGHT} stab
-saying what exception was caught. Multiple @code{CAUGHT} stabs means
-that multiple exceptions can be caught here. If desc is 0, it means all
-exceptions are caught here.
-@end deffn
-
-@node N_SSYM
-@section N_SSYM
-
-@deffn @code{.stabn} N_SSYM
-@findex N_SSYM
-Structure or union element.
-
-The value is the offset in the structure.
-
-<<?looking at structs and unions in C I didn't see these>>
-@end deffn
-
-@node N_SCOPE
-@section N_SCOPE
-
-@deffn @code{.stab?} N_SCOPE
-@findex N_SCOPE
-Modula2 scope information (Sun linker)
-<<?>>
-@end deffn
-
-@node Gould
-@section Non-base registers on Gould systems
-
-@deffn @code{.stab?} N_NBTEXT
-@deffnx @code{.stab?} N_NBDATA
-@deffnx @code{.stab?} N_NBBSS
-@deffnx @code{.stab?} N_NBSTS
-@deffnx @code{.stab?} N_NBLCS
-@findex N_NBTEXT
-@findex N_NBDATA
-@findex N_NBBSS
-@findex N_NBSTS
-@findex N_NBLCS
-These are used on Gould systems for non-base registers syms.
-
-However, the following values are not the values used by Gould; they are
-the values which GNU has been documenting for these values for a long
-time, without actually checking what Gould uses. I include these values
-only because perhaps some someone actually did something with the GNU
-information (I hope not, why GNU knowingly assigned wrong values to
-these in the header file is a complete mystery to me).
-
-@example
-240 0xf0 N_NBTEXT ??
-242 0xf2 N_NBDATA ??
-244 0xf4 N_NBBSS ??
-246 0xf6 N_NBSTS ??
-248 0xf8 N_NBLCS ??
-@end example
-@end deffn
-
-@node N_LENG
-@section N_LENG
-
-@deffn @code{.stabn} N_LENG
-@findex N_LENG
-Second symbol entry containing a length-value for the preceding entry.
-The value is the length.
-@end deffn
-
-@node Questions
-@appendix Questions and Anomalies
-
-@itemize @bullet
-@item
-@c I think this is changed in GCC 2.4.5 to put the line number there.
-For GNU C stabs defining local and global variables (@code{N_LSYM} and
-@code{N_GSYM}), the desc field is supposed to contain the source
-line number on which the variable is defined. In reality the desc
-field is always 0. (This behavior is defined in @file{dbxout.c} and
-putting a line number in desc is controlled by @samp{#ifdef
-WINNING_GDB}, which defaults to false). GDB supposedly uses this
-information if you say @samp{list @var{var}}. In reality, @var{var} can
-be a variable defined in the program and GDB says @samp{function
-@var{var} not defined}.
-
-@item
-In GNU C stabs, there seems to be no way to differentiate tag types:
-structures, unions, and enums (symbol descriptor @samp{T}) and typedefs
-(symbol descriptor @samp{t}) defined at file scope from types defined locally
-to a procedure or other more local scope. They all use the @code{N_LSYM}
-stab type. Types defined at procedure scope are emited after the
-@code{N_RBRAC} of the preceding function and before the code of the
-procedure in which they are defined. This is exactly the same as
-types defined in the source file between the two procedure bodies.
-GDB overcompensates by placing all types in block #1, the block for
-symbols of file scope. This is true for default, @samp{-ansi} and
-@samp{-traditional} compiler options. (Bugs gcc/1063, gdb/1066.)
-
-@item
-What ends the procedure scope? Is it the proc block's @code{N_RBRAC} or the
-next @code{N_FUN}? (I believe its the first.)
-@end itemize
-
-@node Stab Sections
-@appendix Using Stabs in Their Own Sections
-
-Many object file formats allow tools to create object files with custom
-sections containing any arbitrary data. For any such object file
-format, stabs can be embedded in special sections. This is how stabs
-are used with ELF and SOM, and aside from ECOFF and XCOFF, is how stabs
-are used with COFF.
-
-@menu
-* Stab Section Basics:: How to embed stabs in sections
-* ELF Linker Relocation:: Sun ELF hacks
-@end menu
-
-@node Stab Section Basics
-@appendixsec How to Embed Stabs in Sections
-
-The assembler creates two custom sections, a section named @code{.stab}
-which contains an array of fixed length structures, one struct per stab,
-and a section named @code{.stabstr} containing all the variable length
-strings that are referenced by stabs in the @code{.stab} section. The
-byte order of the stabs binary data depends on the object file format.
-For ELF, it matches the byte order of the ELF file itself, as determined
-from the @code{EI_DATA} field in the @code{e_ident} member of the ELF
-header. For SOM, it is always big-endian (is this true??? FIXME). For
-COFF, it matches the byte order of the COFF headers. The meaning of the
-fields is the same as for a.out (@pxref{Symbol Table Format}), except
-that the @code{n_strx} field is relative to the strings for the current
-compilation unit (which can be found using the synthetic N_UNDF stab
-described below), rather than the entire string table.
-
-The first stab in the @code{.stab} section for each compilation unit is
-synthetic, generated entirely by the assembler, with no corresponding
-@code{.stab} directive as input to the assembler. This stab contains
-the following fields:
-
-@table @code
-@item n_strx
-Offset in the @code{.stabstr} section to the source filename.
-
-@item n_type
-@code{N_UNDF}.
-
-@item n_other
-Unused field, always zero.
-This may eventually be used to hold overflows from the count in
-the @code{n_desc} field.
-
-@item n_desc
-Count of upcoming symbols, i.e., the number of remaining stabs for this
-source file.
-
-@item n_value
-Size of the string table fragment associated with this source file, in
-bytes.
-@end table
-
-The @code{.stabstr} section always starts with a null byte (so that string
-offsets of zero reference a null string), followed by random length strings,
-each of which is null byte terminated.
-
-The ELF section header for the @code{.stab} section has its
-@code{sh_link} member set to the section number of the @code{.stabstr}
-section, and the @code{.stabstr} section has its ELF section
-header @code{sh_type} member set to @code{SHT_STRTAB} to mark it as a
-string table. SOM and COFF have no way of linking the sections together
-or marking them as string tables.
-
-For COFF, the @code{.stab} and @code{.stabstr} sections may be simply
-concatenated by the linker. GDB then uses the @code{n_desc} fields to
-figure out the extent of the original sections. Similarly, the
-@code{n_value} fields of the header symbols are added together in order
-to get the actual position of the strings in a desired @code{.stabstr}
-section. Although this design obviates any need for the linker to
-relocate or otherwise manipulate @code{.stab} and @code{.stabstr}
-sections, it also requires some care to ensure that the offsets are
-calculated correctly. For instance, if the linker were to pad in
-between the @code{.stabstr} sections before concatenating, then the
-offsets to strings in the middle of the executable's @code{.stabstr}
-section would be wrong.
-
-The GNU linker is able to optimize stabs information by merging
-duplicate strings and removing duplicate header file information
-(@pxref{Include Files}). When some versions of the GNU linker optimize
-stabs in sections, they remove the leading @code{N_UNDF} symbol and
-arranges for all the @code{n_strx} fields to be relative to the start of
-the @code{.stabstr} section.
-
-@node ELF Linker Relocation
-@appendixsec Having the Linker Relocate Stabs in ELF
-
-This section describes some Sun hacks for Stabs in ELF; it does not
-apply to COFF or SOM.
-
-To keep linking fast, you don't want the linker to have to relocate very
-many stabs. Making sure this is done for @code{N_SLINE},
-@code{N_RBRAC}, and @code{N_LBRAC} stabs is the most important thing
-(see the descriptions of those stabs for more information). But Sun's
-stabs in ELF has taken this further, to make all addresses in the
-@code{n_value} field (functions and static variables) relative to the
-source file. For the @code{N_SO} symbol itself, Sun simply omits the
-address. To find the address of each section corresponding to a given
-source file, the compiler puts out symbols giving the address of each
-section for a given source file. Since these are ELF (not stab)
-symbols, the linker relocates them correctly without having to touch the
-stabs section. They are named @code{Bbss.bss} for the bss section,
-@code{Ddata.data} for the data section, and @code{Drodata.rodata} for
-the rodata section. For the text section, there is no such symbol (but
-there should be, see below). For an example of how these symbols work,
-@xref{Stab Section Transformations}. GCC does not provide these symbols;
-it instead relies on the stabs getting relocated. Thus addresses which
-would normally be relative to @code{Bbss.bss}, etc., are already
-relocated. The Sun linker provided with Solaris 2.2 and earlier
-relocates stabs using normal ELF relocation information, as it would do
-for any section. Sun has been threatening to kludge their linker to not
-do this (to speed up linking), even though the correct way to avoid
-having the linker do these relocations is to have the compiler no longer
-output relocatable values. Last I heard they had been talked out of the
-linker kludge. See Sun point patch 101052-01 and Sun bug 1142109. With
-the Sun compiler this affects @samp{S} symbol descriptor stabs
-(@pxref{Statics}) and functions (@pxref{Procedures}). In the latter
-case, to adopt the clean solution (making the value of the stab relative
-to the start of the compilation unit), it would be necessary to invent a
-@code{Ttext.text} symbol, analogous to the @code{Bbss.bss}, etc.,
-symbols. I recommend this rather than using a zero value and getting
-the address from the ELF symbols.
-
-Finding the correct @code{Bbss.bss}, etc., symbol is difficult, because
-the linker simply concatenates the @code{.stab} sections from each
-@file{.o} file without including any information about which part of a
-@code{.stab} section comes from which @file{.o} file. The way GDB does
-this is to look for an ELF @code{STT_FILE} symbol which has the same
-name as the last component of the file name from the @code{N_SO} symbol
-in the stabs (for example, if the file name is @file{../../gdb/main.c},
-it looks for an ELF @code{STT_FILE} symbol named @code{main.c}). This
-loses if different files have the same name (they could be in different
-directories, a library could have been copied from one system to
-another, etc.). It would be much cleaner to have the @code{Bbss.bss}
-symbols in the stabs themselves. Having the linker relocate them there
-is no more work than having the linker relocate ELF symbols, and it
-solves the problem of having to associate the ELF and stab symbols.
-However, no one has yet designed or implemented such a scheme.
-
-@node Symbol Types Index
-@unnumbered Symbol Types Index
-
-@printindex fn
-
-@contents
-@bye
diff --git a/gdb/doc/z8000.m4 b/gdb/doc/z8000.m4
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index e69de29..0000000
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