Add support for 64-bit ARM architecture: AArch64

1 files changed, 1268 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/opcodes/aarch64-asm.c b/opcodes/aarch64-asm.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e10240a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/opcodes/aarch64-asm.c
@@ -0,0 +1,1268 @@
+/* aarch64-asm.c -- AArch64 assembler support.
+   Copyright 2012  Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+   Contributed by ARM Ltd.
+
+   This file is part of the GNU opcodes library.
+
+   This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+   the Free Software Foundation; either version 3, or (at your option)
+   any later version.
+
+   It is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+   ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY
+   or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public
+   License for more details.
+
+   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+   along with this program; see the file COPYING3. If not,
+   see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.  */
+
+#include "sysdep.h"
+#include <stdarg.h>
+#include "aarch64-asm.h"
+
+/* Utilities.  */
+
+/* The unnamed arguments consist of the number of fields and information about
+   these fields where the VALUE will be inserted into CODE.  MASK can be zero or
+   the base mask of the opcode.
+
+   N.B. the fields are required to be in such an order than the least signficant
+   field for VALUE comes the first, e.g. the <index> in
+    SQDMLAL <Va><d>, <Vb><n>, <Vm>.<Ts>[<index>]
+   is encoded in H:L:M in some cases, the the fields H:L:M should be passed in
+   the order of M, L, H.  */
+
+static inline void
+insert_fields (aarch64_insn *code, aarch64_insn value, aarch64_insn mask, ...)
+{
+  uint32_t num;
+  const aarch64_field *field;
+  enum aarch64_field_kind kind;
+  va_list va;
+
+  va_start (va, mask);
+  num = va_arg (va, uint32_t);
+  assert (num <= 5);
+  while (num--)
+    {
+      kind = va_arg (va, enum aarch64_field_kind);
+      field = &fields[kind];
+      insert_field (kind, code, value, mask);
+      value >>= field->width;
+    }
+  va_end (va);
+}
+
+/* Operand inserters.  */
+
+/* Insert register number.  */
+const char *
+aarch64_ins_regno (const aarch64_operand *self, const aarch64_opnd_info *info,
+		   aarch64_insn *code,
+		   const aarch64_inst *inst ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED)
+{
+  insert_field (self->fields[0], code, info->reg.regno, 0);
+  return NULL;
+}
+
+/* Insert register number, index and/or other data for SIMD register element
+   operand, e.g. the last source operand in
+     SQDMLAL <Va><d>, <Vb><n>, <Vm>.<Ts>[<index>].  */
+const char *
+aarch64_ins_reglane (const aarch64_operand *self, const aarch64_opnd_info *info,
+		     aarch64_insn *code, const aarch64_inst *inst)
+{
+  /* regno */
+  insert_field (self->fields[0], code, info->reglane.regno, inst->opcode->mask);
+  /* index and/or type */
+  if (inst->opcode->iclass == asisdone || inst->opcode->iclass == asimdins)
+    {
+      int pos = info->qualifier - AARCH64_OPND_QLF_S_B;
+      if (info->type == AARCH64_OPND_En
+	  && inst->opcode->operands[0] == AARCH64_OPND_Ed)
+	{
+	  /* index2 for e.g. INS <Vd>.<Ts>[<index1>], <Vn>.<Ts>[<index2>].  */
+	  assert (info->idx == 1);	/* Vn */
+	  aarch64_insn value = info->reglane.index << pos;
+	  insert_field (FLD_imm4, code, value, 0);
+	}
+      else
+	{
+	  /* index and type for e.g. DUP <V><d>, <Vn>.<T>[<index>].
+	     imm5<3:0>	<V>
+	     0000	RESERVED
+	     xxx1	B
+	     xx10	H
+	     x100	S
+	     1000	D  */
+	  aarch64_insn value = ((info->reglane.index << 1) | 1) << pos;
+	  insert_field (FLD_imm5, code, value, 0);
+	}
+    }
+  else
+    {
+      /* index for e.g. SQDMLAL <Va><d>, <Vb><n>, <Vm>.<Ts>[<index>]
+         or SQDMLAL <Va><d>, <Vb><n>, <Vm>.<Ts>[<index>].  */
+      switch (info->qualifier)
+	{
+	case AARCH64_OPND_QLF_S_H:
+	  /* H:L:M */
+	  insert_fields (code, info->reglane.index, 0, 3, FLD_M, FLD_L, FLD_H);
+	  break;
+	case AARCH64_OPND_QLF_S_S:
+	  /* H:L */
+	  insert_fields (code, info->reglane.index, 0, 2, FLD_L, FLD_H);
+	  break;
+	case AARCH64_OPND_QLF_S_D:
+	  /* H */
+	  insert_field (FLD_H, code, info->reglane.index, 0);
+	  break;
+	default:
+	  assert (0);
+	}
+    }
+  return NULL;
+}
+
+/* Insert regno and len field of a register list operand, e.g. Vn in TBL.  */
+const char *
+aarch64_ins_reglist (const aarch64_operand *self, const aarch64_opnd_info *info,
+		     aarch64_insn *code,
+		     const aarch64_inst *inst ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED)
+{
+  /* R */
+  insert_field (self->fields[0], code, info->reglist.first_regno, 0);
+  /* len */
+  insert_field (FLD_len, code, info->reglist.num_regs - 1, 0);
+  return NULL;
+}
+
+/* Insert Rt and opcode fields for a register list operand, e.g. Vt
+   in AdvSIMD load/store instructions.  */
+const char *
+aarch64_ins_ldst_reglist (const aarch64_operand *self ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED,
+			  const aarch64_opnd_info *info, aarch64_insn *code,
+			  const aarch64_inst *inst)
+{
+  aarch64_insn value;
+  /* Number of elements in each structure to be loaded/stored.  */
+  unsigned num = get_opcode_dependent_value (inst->opcode);
+
+  /* Rt */
+  insert_field (FLD_Rt, code, info->reglist.first_regno, 0);
+  /* opcode */
+  switch (num)
+    {
+    case 1:
+      switch (info->reglist.num_regs)
+	{
+	case 1: value = 0x7; break;
+	case 2: value = 0xa; break;
+	case 3: value = 0x6; break;
+	case 4: value = 0x2; break;
+	default: assert (0);
+	}
+      break;
+    case 2:
+      value = info->reglist.num_regs == 4 ? 0x3 : 0x8;
+      break;
+    case 3:
+      value = 0x4;
+      break;
+    case 4:
+      value = 0x0;
+      break;
+    default:
+      assert (0);
+    }
+  insert_field (FLD_opcode, code, value, 0);
+
+  return NULL;
+}
+
+/* Insert Rt and S fields for a register list operand, e.g. Vt in AdvSIMD load
+   single structure to all lanes instructions.  */
+const char *
+aarch64_ins_ldst_reglist_r (const aarch64_operand *self ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED,
+			    const aarch64_opnd_info *info, aarch64_insn *code,
+			    const aarch64_inst *inst)
+{
+  aarch64_insn value;
+  /* The opcode dependent area stores the number of elements in
+     each structure to be loaded/stored.  */
+  int is_ld1r = get_opcode_dependent_value (inst->opcode) == 1;
+
+  /* Rt */
+  insert_field (FLD_Rt, code, info->reglist.first_regno, 0);
+  /* S */
+  value = (aarch64_insn) 0;
+  if (is_ld1r && info->reglist.num_regs == 2)
+    /* OP_LD1R does not have alternating variant, but have "two consecutive"
+       instead.  */
+    value = (aarch64_insn) 1;
+  insert_field (FLD_S, code, value, 0);
+
+  return NULL;
+}
+
+/* Insert Q, opcode<2:1>, S, size and Rt fields for a register element list
+   operand e.g. Vt in AdvSIMD load/store single element instructions.  */
+const char *
+aarch64_ins_ldst_elemlist (const aarch64_operand *self ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED,
+			   const aarch64_opnd_info *info, aarch64_insn *code,
+			   const aarch64_inst *inst ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED)
+{
+  aarch64_field field = {0, 0};
+  aarch64_insn QSsize;		/* fields Q:S:size.  */
+  aarch64_insn opcodeh2;	/* opcode<2:1> */
+
+  assert (info->reglist.has_index);
+
+  /* Rt */
+  insert_field (FLD_Rt, code, info->reglist.first_regno, 0);
+  /* Encode the index, opcode<2:1> and size.  */
+  switch (info->qualifier)
+    {
+    case AARCH64_OPND_QLF_S_B:
+      /* Index encoded in "Q:S:size".  */
+      QSsize = info->reglist.index;
+      opcodeh2 = 0x0;
+      break;
+    case AARCH64_OPND_QLF_S_H:
+      /* Index encoded in "Q:S:size<1>".  */
+      QSsize = info->reglist.index << 1;
+      opcodeh2 = 0x1;
+      break;
+    case AARCH64_OPND_QLF_S_S:
+      /* Index encoded in "Q:S".  */
+      QSsize = info->reglist.index << 2;
+      opcodeh2 = 0x2;
+      break;
+    case AARCH64_OPND_QLF_S_D:
+      /* Index encoded in "Q".  */
+      QSsize = info->reglist.index << 3 | 0x1;
+      opcodeh2 = 0x2;
+      break;
+    default:
+      assert (0);
+    }
+  insert_fields (code, QSsize, 0, 3, FLD_vldst_size, FLD_S, FLD_Q);
+  gen_sub_field (FLD_asisdlso_opcode, 1, 2, &field);
+  insert_field_2 (&field, code, opcodeh2, 0);
+
+  return NULL;
+}
+
+/* Insert fields immh:immb and/or Q for e.g. the shift immediate in
+   SSHR <Vd>.<T>, <Vn>.<T>, #<shift>
+   or SSHR <V><d>, <V><n>, #<shift>.  */
+const char *
+aarch64_ins_advsimd_imm_shift (const aarch64_operand *self ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED,
+			       const aarch64_opnd_info *info,
+			       aarch64_insn *code, const aarch64_inst *inst)
+{
+  unsigned val = aarch64_get_qualifier_standard_value (info->qualifier);
+  aarch64_insn Q, imm;
+
+  if (inst->opcode->iclass == asimdshf)
+    {
+      /* Q
+	 immh	Q	<T>
+	 0000	x	SEE AdvSIMD modified immediate
+	 0001	0	8B
+	 0001	1	16B
+	 001x	0	4H
+	 001x	1	8H
+	 01xx	0	2S
+	 01xx	1	4S
+	 1xxx	0	RESERVED
+	 1xxx	1	2D  */
+      Q = (val & 0x1) ? 1 : 0;
+      insert_field (FLD_Q, code, Q, inst->opcode->mask);
+      val >>= 1;
+    }
+
+  assert (info->type == AARCH64_OPND_IMM_VLSR
+	  || info->type == AARCH64_OPND_IMM_VLSL);
+
+  if (info->type == AARCH64_OPND_IMM_VLSR)
+    /* immh:immb
+       immh	<shift>
+       0000	SEE AdvSIMD modified immediate
+       0001	(16-UInt(immh:immb))
+       001x	(32-UInt(immh:immb))
+       01xx	(64-UInt(immh:immb))
+       1xxx	(128-UInt(immh:immb))  */
+    imm = (16 << (unsigned)val) - info->imm.value;
+  else
+    /* immh:immb
+       immh	<shift>
+       0000	SEE AdvSIMD modified immediate
+       0001	(UInt(immh:immb)-8)
+       001x	(UInt(immh:immb)-16)
+       01xx	(UInt(immh:immb)-32)
+       1xxx	(UInt(immh:immb)-64)  */
+    imm = info->imm.value + (8 << (unsigned)val);
+  insert_fields (code, imm, 0, 2, FLD_immb, FLD_immh);
+
+  return NULL;
+}
+
+/* Insert fields for e.g. the immediate operands in
+   BFM <Wd>, <Wn>, #<immr>, #<imms>.  */
+const char *
+aarch64_ins_imm (const aarch64_operand *self, const aarch64_opnd_info *info,
+		 aarch64_insn *code,
+		 const aarch64_inst *inst ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED)
+{
+  int64_t imm;
+  /* Maximum of two fields to insert.  */
+  assert (self->fields[2] == FLD_NIL);
+
+  imm = info->imm.value;
+  if (operand_need_shift_by_two (self))
+    imm >>= 2;
+  if (self->fields[1] == FLD_NIL)
+    insert_field (self->fields[0], code, imm, 0);
+  else
+    /* e.g. TBZ b5:b40.  */
+    insert_fields (code, imm, 0, 2, self->fields[1], self->fields[0]);
+  return NULL;
+}
+
+/* Insert immediate and its shift amount for e.g. the last operand in
+     MOVZ <Wd>, #<imm16>{, LSL #<shift>}.  */
+const char *
+aarch64_ins_imm_half (const aarch64_operand *self, const aarch64_opnd_info *info,
+		      aarch64_insn *code,
+		      const aarch64_inst *inst ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED)
+{
+  /* imm16 */
+  aarch64_ins_imm (self, info, code, inst);
+  /* hw */
+  insert_field (FLD_hw, code, info->shifter.amount >> 4, 0);
+  return NULL;
+}
+
+/* Insert cmode and "a:b:c:d:e:f:g:h" fields for e.g. the last operand in
+     MOVI <Vd>.<T>, #<imm8> {, LSL #<amount>}.  */
+const char *
+aarch64_ins_advsimd_imm_modified (const aarch64_operand *self ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED,
+				  const aarch64_opnd_info *info,
+				  aarch64_insn *code,
+				  const aarch64_inst *inst ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED)
+{
+  enum aarch64_opnd_qualifier opnd0_qualifier = inst->operands[0].qualifier;
+  uint64_t imm = info->imm.value;
+  enum aarch64_modifier_kind kind = info->shifter.kind;
+  int amount = info->shifter.amount;
+  aarch64_field field = {0, 0};
+
+  /* a:b:c:d:e:f:g:h */
+  if (!info->imm.is_fp && aarch64_get_qualifier_esize (opnd0_qualifier) == 8)
+    {
+      /* Either MOVI <Dd>, #<imm>
+	 or     MOVI <Vd>.2D, #<imm>.
+	 <imm> is a 64-bit immediate
+	 "aaaaaaaabbbbbbbbccccccccddddddddeeeeeeeeffffffffgggggggghhhhhhhh",
+	 encoded in "a:b:c:d:e:f:g:h".	*/
+      imm = aarch64_shrink_expanded_imm8 (imm);
+      assert ((int)imm >= 0);
+    }
+  assert (imm <= 255);
+  insert_fields (code, imm, 0, 2, FLD_defgh, FLD_abc);
+
+  if (kind == AARCH64_MOD_NONE)
+    return NULL;
+
+  /* shift amount partially in cmode */
+  assert (kind == AARCH64_MOD_LSL || kind == AARCH64_MOD_MSL);
+  if (kind == AARCH64_MOD_LSL)
+    {
+      /* AARCH64_MOD_LSL: shift zeros.  */
+      int esize = aarch64_get_qualifier_esize (opnd0_qualifier);
+      assert (esize == 4 || esize == 2);
+      amount >>= 3;
+      if (esize == 4)
+	gen_sub_field (FLD_cmode, 1, 2, &field);	/* per word */
+      else
+	gen_sub_field (FLD_cmode, 1, 1, &field);	/* per halfword */
+    }
+  else
+    {
+      /* AARCH64_MOD_MSL: shift ones.  */
+      amount >>= 4;
+      gen_sub_field (FLD_cmode, 0, 1, &field);		/* per word */
+    }
+  insert_field_2 (&field, code, amount, 0);
+
+  return NULL;
+}
+
+/* Insert #<fbits> for the immediate operand in fp fix-point instructions,
+   e.g.  SCVTF <Dd>, <Wn>, #<fbits>.  */
+const char *
+aarch64_ins_fbits (const aarch64_operand *self, const aarch64_opnd_info *info,
+		   aarch64_insn *code,
+		   const aarch64_inst *inst ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED)
+{
+  insert_field (self->fields[0], code, 64 - info->imm.value, 0);
+  return NULL;
+}
+
+/* Insert arithmetic immediate for e.g. the last operand in
+     SUBS <Wd>, <Wn|WSP>, #<imm> {, <shift>}.  */
+const char *
+aarch64_ins_aimm (const aarch64_operand *self, const aarch64_opnd_info *info,
+		  aarch64_insn *code, const aarch64_inst *inst ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED)
+{
+  /* shift */
+  aarch64_insn value = info->shifter.amount ? 1 : 0;
+  insert_field (self->fields[0], code, value, 0);
+  /* imm12 (unsigned) */
+  insert_field (self->fields[1], code, info->imm.value, 0);
+  return NULL;
+}
+
+/* Insert logical/bitmask immediate for e.g. the last operand in
+     ORR <Wd|WSP>, <Wn>, #<imm>.  */
+const char *
+aarch64_ins_limm (const aarch64_operand *self, const aarch64_opnd_info *info,
+		  aarch64_insn *code, const aarch64_inst *inst ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED)
+{
+  aarch64_insn value;
+  uint64_t imm = info->imm.value;
+  int is32 = aarch64_get_qualifier_esize (inst->operands[0].qualifier) == 4;
+
+  if (inst->opcode->op == OP_BIC)
+    imm = ~imm;
+  if (aarch64_logical_immediate_p (imm, is32, &value) == FALSE)
+    /* The constraint check should have guaranteed this wouldn't happen.  */
+    assert (0);
+
+  insert_fields (code, value, 0, 3, self->fields[2], self->fields[1],
+		 self->fields[0]);
+  return NULL;
+}
+
+/* Encode Ft for e.g. STR <Qt>, [<Xn|SP>, <R><m>{, <extend> {<amount>}}]
+   or LDP <Qt1>, <Qt2>, [<Xn|SP>], #<imm>.  */
+const char *
+aarch64_ins_ft (const aarch64_operand *self, const aarch64_opnd_info *info,
+		aarch64_insn *code, const aarch64_inst *inst)
+{
+  aarch64_insn value;
+
+  assert (info->idx == 0);
+
+  /* Rt */
+  aarch64_ins_regno (self, info, code, inst);
+  if (inst->opcode->iclass == ldstpair_indexed
+      || inst->opcode->iclass == ldstnapair_offs
+      || inst->opcode->iclass == ldstpair_off
+      || inst->opcode->iclass == loadlit)
+    {
+      /* size */
+      switch (info->qualifier)
+	{
+	case AARCH64_OPND_QLF_S_S: value = 0; break;
+	case AARCH64_OPND_QLF_S_D: value = 1; break;
+	case AARCH64_OPND_QLF_S_Q: value = 2; break;
+	default: assert (0);
+	}
+      insert_field (FLD_ldst_size, code, value, 0);
+    }
+  else
+    {
+      /* opc[1]:size */
+      value = aarch64_get_qualifier_standard_value (info->qualifier);
+      insert_fields (code, value, 0, 2, FLD_ldst_size, FLD_opc1);
+    }
+
+  return NULL;
+}
+
+/* Encode the address operand for e.g. STXRB <Ws>, <Wt>, [<Xn|SP>{,#0}].  */
+const char *
+aarch64_ins_addr_simple (const aarch64_operand *self ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED,
+			 const aarch64_opnd_info *info, aarch64_insn *code,
+			 const aarch64_inst *inst ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED)
+{
+  /* Rn */
+  insert_field (FLD_Rn, code, info->addr.base_regno, 0);
+  return NULL;
+}
+
+/* Encode the address operand for e.g.
+     STR <Qt>, [<Xn|SP>, <R><m>{, <extend> {<amount>}}].  */
+const char *
+aarch64_ins_addr_regoff (const aarch64_operand *self ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED,
+			 const aarch64_opnd_info *info, aarch64_insn *code,
+			 const aarch64_inst *inst ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED)
+{
+  aarch64_insn S;
+  enum aarch64_modifier_kind kind = info->shifter.kind;
+
+  /* Rn */
+  insert_field (FLD_Rn, code, info->addr.base_regno, 0);
+  /* Rm */
+  insert_field (FLD_Rm, code, info->addr.offset.regno, 0);
+  /* option */
+  if (kind == AARCH64_MOD_LSL)
+    kind = AARCH64_MOD_UXTX;	/* Trick to enable the table-driven.  */
+  insert_field (FLD_option, code, aarch64_get_operand_modifier_value (kind), 0);
+  /* S */
+  if (info->qualifier != AARCH64_OPND_QLF_S_B)
+    S = info->shifter.amount != 0;
+  else
+    /* For STR <Bt>, [<Xn|SP>, <R><m>{, <extend> {<amount>}},
+       S	<amount>
+       0	[absent]
+       1	#0
+       Must be #0 if <extend> is explicitly LSL.  */
+    S = info->shifter.operator_present && info->shifter.amount_present;
+  insert_field (FLD_S, code, S, 0);
+
+  return NULL;
+}
+
+/* Encode the address operand for e.g. LDRSW <Xt>, [<Xn|SP>, #<simm>]!.  */
+const char *
+aarch64_ins_addr_simm (const aarch64_operand *self,
+		       const aarch64_opnd_info *info,
+		       aarch64_insn *code, const aarch64_inst *inst)
+{
+  int imm;
+
+  /* Rn */
+  insert_field (FLD_Rn, code, info->addr.base_regno, 0);
+  /* simm (imm9 or imm7) */
+  imm = info->addr.offset.imm;
+  if (self->fields[0] == FLD_imm7)
+    /* scaled immediate in ld/st pair instructions..  */
+    imm >>= get_logsz (aarch64_get_qualifier_esize (info->qualifier));
+  insert_field (self->fields[0], code, imm, 0);
+  /* pre/post- index */
+  if (info->addr.writeback)
+    {
+      assert (inst->opcode->iclass != ldst_unscaled
+	      && inst->opcode->iclass != ldstnapair_offs
+	      && inst->opcode->iclass != ldstpair_off
+	      && inst->opcode->iclass != ldst_unpriv);
+      assert (info->addr.preind != info->addr.postind);
+      if (info->addr.preind)
+	insert_field (self->fields[1], code, 1, 0);
+    }
+
+  return NULL;
+}
+
+/* Encode the address operand for e.g. LDRSW <Xt>, [<Xn|SP>{, #<pimm>}].  */
+const char *
+aarch64_ins_addr_uimm12 (const aarch64_operand *self,
+			 const aarch64_opnd_info *info,
+			 aarch64_insn *code,
+			 const aarch64_inst *inst ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED)
+{
+  int shift = get_logsz (aarch64_get_qualifier_esize (info->qualifier));
+
+  /* Rn */
+  insert_field (self->fields[0], code, info->addr.base_regno, 0);
+  /* uimm12 */
+  insert_field (self->fields[1], code,info->addr.offset.imm >> shift, 0);
+  return NULL;
+}
+
+/* Encode the address operand for e.g.
+     LD1 {<Vt>.<T>, <Vt2>.<T>, <Vt3>.<T>}, [<Xn|SP>], <Xm|#<amount>>.  */
+const char *
+aarch64_ins_simd_addr_post (const aarch64_operand *self ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED,
+			    const aarch64_opnd_info *info, aarch64_insn *code,
+			    const aarch64_inst *inst ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED)
+{
+  /* Rn */
+  insert_field (FLD_Rn, code, info->addr.base_regno, 0);
+  /* Rm | #<amount>  */
+  if (info->addr.offset.is_reg)
+    insert_field (FLD_Rm, code, info->addr.offset.regno, 0);
+  else
+    insert_field (FLD_Rm, code, 0x1f, 0);
+  return NULL;
+}
+
+/* Encode the condition operand for e.g. CSEL <Xd>, <Xn>, <Xm>, <cond>.  */
+const char *
+aarch64_ins_cond (const aarch64_operand *self ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED,
+		  const aarch64_opnd_info *info, aarch64_insn *code,
+		  const aarch64_inst *inst ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED)
+{
+  /* cond */
+  insert_field (FLD_cond, code, info->cond->value, 0);
+  return NULL;
+}
+
+/* Encode the system register operand for e.g. MRS <Xt>, <systemreg>.  */
+const char *
+aarch64_ins_sysreg (const aarch64_operand *self ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED,
+		    const aarch64_opnd_info *info, aarch64_insn *code,
+		    const aarch64_inst *inst ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED)
+{
+  /* op0:op1:CRn:CRm:op2 */
+  insert_fields (code, info->sysreg, inst->opcode->mask, 5,
+		 FLD_op2, FLD_CRm, FLD_CRn, FLD_op1, FLD_op0);
+  return NULL;
+}
+
+/* Encode the PSTATE field operand for e.g. MSR <pstatefield>, #<imm>.  */
+const char *
+aarch64_ins_pstatefield (const aarch64_operand *self ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED,
+			 const aarch64_opnd_info *info, aarch64_insn *code,
+			 const aarch64_inst *inst ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED)
+{
+  /* op1:op2 */
+  insert_fields (code, info->pstatefield, inst->opcode->mask, 2,
+		 FLD_op2, FLD_op1);
+  return NULL;
+}
+
+/* Encode the system instruction op operand for e.g. AT <at_op>, <Xt>.  */
+const char *
+aarch64_ins_sysins_op (const aarch64_operand *self ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED,
+		       const aarch64_opnd_info *info, aarch64_insn *code,
+		       const aarch64_inst *inst ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED)
+{
+  /* op1:CRn:CRm:op2 */
+  insert_fields (code, info->sysins_op->value, inst->opcode->mask, 4,
+		 FLD_op2, FLD_CRm, FLD_CRn, FLD_op1);
+  return NULL;
+}
+
+/* Encode the memory barrier option operand for e.g. DMB <option>|#<imm>.  */
+
+const char *
+aarch64_ins_barrier (const aarch64_operand *self ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED,
+		     const aarch64_opnd_info *info, aarch64_insn *code,
+		     const aarch64_inst *inst ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED)
+{
+  /* CRm */
+  insert_field (FLD_CRm, code, info->barrier->value, 0);
+  return NULL;
+}
+
+/* Encode the prefetch operation option operand for e.g.
+     PRFM <prfop>, [<Xn|SP>{, #<pimm>}].  */
+
+const char *
+aarch64_ins_prfop (const aarch64_operand *self ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED,
+		   const aarch64_opnd_info *info, aarch64_insn *code,
+		   const aarch64_inst *inst ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED)
+{
+  /* prfop in Rt */
+  insert_field (FLD_Rt, code, info->prfop->value, 0);
+  return NULL;
+}
+
+/* Encode the extended register operand for e.g.
+     STR <Qt>, [<Xn|SP>, <R><m>{, <extend> {<amount>}}].  */
+const char *
+aarch64_ins_reg_extended (const aarch64_operand *self ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED,
+			  const aarch64_opnd_info *info, aarch64_insn *code,
+			  const aarch64_inst *inst ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED)
+{
+  enum aarch64_modifier_kind kind;
+
+  /* Rm */
+  insert_field (FLD_Rm, code, info->reg.regno, 0);
+  /* option */
+  kind = info->shifter.kind;
+  if (kind == AARCH64_MOD_LSL)
+    kind = info->qualifier == AARCH64_OPND_QLF_W
+      ? AARCH64_MOD_UXTW : AARCH64_MOD_UXTX;
+  insert_field (FLD_option, code, aarch64_get_operand_modifier_value (kind), 0);
+  /* imm3 */
+  insert_field (FLD_imm3, code, info->shifter.amount, 0);
+
+  return NULL;
+}
+
+/* Encode the shifted register operand for e.g.
+     SUBS <Xd>, <Xn>, <Xm> {, <shift> #<amount>}.  */
+const char *
+aarch64_ins_reg_shifted (const aarch64_operand *self ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED,
+			 const aarch64_opnd_info *info, aarch64_insn *code,
+			 const aarch64_inst *inst ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED)
+{
+  /* Rm */
+  insert_field (FLD_Rm, code, info->reg.regno, 0);
+  /* shift */
+  insert_field (FLD_shift, code,
+		aarch64_get_operand_modifier_value (info->shifter.kind), 0);
+  /* imm6 */
+  insert_field (FLD_imm6, code, info->shifter.amount, 0);
+
+  return NULL;
+}
+
+/* Miscellaneous encoding functions.  */
+
+/* Encode size[0], i.e. bit 22, for
+     e.g. FCVTN<Q> <Vd>.<Tb>, <Vn>.<Ta>.  */
+
+static void
+encode_asimd_fcvt (aarch64_inst *inst)
+{
+  aarch64_insn value;
+  aarch64_field field = {0, 0};
+  enum aarch64_opnd_qualifier qualifier;
+
+  switch (inst->opcode->op)
+    {
+    case OP_FCVTN:
+    case OP_FCVTN2:
+      /* FCVTN<Q> <Vd>.<Tb>, <Vn>.<Ta>.  */
+      qualifier = inst->operands[1].qualifier;
+      break;
+    case OP_FCVTL:
+    case OP_FCVTL2:
+      /* FCVTL<Q> <Vd>.<Ta>, <Vn>.<Tb>.  */
+      qualifier = inst->operands[0].qualifier;
+      break;
+    default:
+      assert (0);
+    }
+  assert (qualifier == AARCH64_OPND_QLF_V_4S
+	  || qualifier == AARCH64_OPND_QLF_V_2D);
+  value = (qualifier == AARCH64_OPND_QLF_V_4S) ? 0 : 1;
+  gen_sub_field (FLD_size, 0, 1, &field);
+  insert_field_2 (&field, &inst->value, value, 0);
+}
+
+/* Encode size[0], i.e. bit 22, for
+     e.g. FCVTXN <Vb><d>, <Va><n>.  */
+
+static void
+encode_asisd_fcvtxn (aarch64_inst *inst)
+{
+  aarch64_insn val = 1;
+  aarch64_field field = {0, 0};
+  assert (inst->operands[0].qualifier == AARCH64_OPND_QLF_S_S);
+  gen_sub_field (FLD_size, 0, 1, &field);
+  insert_field_2 (&field, &inst->value, val, 0);
+}
+
+/* Encode the 'opc' field for e.g. FCVT <Dd>, <Sn>.  */
+static void
+encode_fcvt (aarch64_inst *inst)
+{
+  aarch64_insn val;
+  const aarch64_field field = {15, 2};
+
+  /* opc dstsize */
+  switch (inst->operands[0].qualifier)
+    {
+    case AARCH64_OPND_QLF_S_S: val = 0; break;
+    case AARCH64_OPND_QLF_S_D: val = 1; break;
+    case AARCH64_OPND_QLF_S_H: val = 3; break;
+    default: abort ();
+    }
+  insert_field_2 (&field, &inst->value, val, 0);
+
+  return;
+}
+
+/* Do miscellaneous encodings that are not common enough to be driven by
+   flags.  */
+
+static void
+do_misc_encoding (aarch64_inst *inst)
+{
+  switch (inst->opcode->op)
+    {
+    case OP_FCVT:
+      encode_fcvt (inst);
+      break;
+    case OP_FCVTN:
+    case OP_FCVTN2:
+    case OP_FCVTL:
+    case OP_FCVTL2:
+      encode_asimd_fcvt (inst);
+      break;
+    case OP_FCVTXN_S:
+      encode_asisd_fcvtxn (inst);
+      break;
+    default: break;
+    }
+}
+
+/* Encode the 'size' and 'Q' field for e.g. SHADD.  */
+static void
+encode_sizeq (aarch64_inst *inst)
+{
+  aarch64_insn sizeq;
+  enum aarch64_field_kind kind;
+  int idx;
+
+  /* Get the index of the operand whose information we are going to use
+     to encode the size and Q fields.
+     This is deduced from the possible valid qualifier lists.  */
+  idx = aarch64_select_operand_for_sizeq_field_coding (inst->opcode);
+  DEBUG_TRACE ("idx: %d; qualifier: %s", idx,
+	       aarch64_get_qualifier_name (inst->operands[idx].qualifier));
+  sizeq = aarch64_get_qualifier_standard_value (inst->operands[idx].qualifier);
+  /* Q */
+  insert_field (FLD_Q, &inst->value, sizeq & 0x1, inst->opcode->mask);
+  /* size */
+  if (inst->opcode->iclass == asisdlse
+     || inst->opcode->iclass == asisdlsep
+     || inst->opcode->iclass == asisdlso
+     || inst->opcode->iclass == asisdlsop)
+    kind = FLD_vldst_size;
+  else
+    kind = FLD_size;
+  insert_field (kind, &inst->value, (sizeq >> 1) & 0x3, inst->opcode->mask);
+}
+
+/* Opcodes that have fields shared by multiple operands are usually flagged
+   with flags.  In this function, we detect such flags and use the
+   information in one of the related operands to do the encoding.  The 'one'
+   operand is not any operand but one of the operands that has the enough
+   information for such an encoding.  */
+
+static void
+do_special_encoding (struct aarch64_inst *inst)
+{
+  int idx;
+  aarch64_insn value;
+
+  DEBUG_TRACE ("enter with coding 0x%x", (uint32_t) inst->value);
+
+  /* Condition for truly conditional executed instructions, e.g. b.cond.  */
+  if (inst->opcode->flags & F_COND)
+    {
+      insert_field (FLD_cond2, &inst->value, inst->cond->value, 0);
+    }
+  if (inst->opcode->flags & F_SF)
+    {
+      idx = select_operand_for_sf_field_coding (inst->opcode);
+      value = (inst->operands[idx].qualifier == AARCH64_OPND_QLF_X
+	       || inst->operands[idx].qualifier == AARCH64_OPND_QLF_SP)
+	? 1 : 0;
+      insert_field (FLD_sf, &inst->value, value, 0);
+      if (inst->opcode->flags & F_N)
+	insert_field (FLD_N, &inst->value, value, inst->opcode->mask);
+    }
+  if (inst->opcode->flags & F_SIZEQ)
+    encode_sizeq (inst);
+  if (inst->opcode->flags & F_FPTYPE)
+    {
+      idx = select_operand_for_fptype_field_coding (inst->opcode);
+      switch (inst->operands[idx].qualifier)
+	{
+	case AARCH64_OPND_QLF_S_S: value = 0; break;
+	case AARCH64_OPND_QLF_S_D: value = 1; break;
+	case AARCH64_OPND_QLF_S_H: value = 3; break;
+	default: assert (0);
+	}
+      insert_field (FLD_type, &inst->value, value, 0);
+    }
+  if (inst->opcode->flags & F_SSIZE)
+    {
+      enum aarch64_opnd_qualifier qualifier;
+      idx = select_operand_for_scalar_size_field_coding (inst->opcode);
+      qualifier = inst->operands[idx].qualifier;
+      assert (qualifier >= AARCH64_OPND_QLF_S_B
+	      && qualifier <= AARCH64_OPND_QLF_S_Q);
+      value = aarch64_get_qualifier_standard_value (qualifier);
+      insert_field (FLD_size, &inst->value, value, inst->opcode->mask);
+    }
+  if (inst->opcode->flags & F_T)
+    {
+      int num;	/* num of consecutive '0's on the right side of imm5<3:0>.  */
+      aarch64_field field = {0, 0};
+      enum aarch64_opnd_qualifier qualifier;
+
+      idx = 0;
+      qualifier = inst->operands[idx].qualifier;
+      assert (aarch64_get_operand_class (inst->opcode->operands[0])
+	      == AARCH64_OPND_CLASS_SIMD_REG
+	      && qualifier >= AARCH64_OPND_QLF_V_8B
+	      && qualifier <= AARCH64_OPND_QLF_V_2D);
+      /* imm5<3:0>	q	<t>
+	 0000		x	reserved
+	 xxx1		0	8b
+	 xxx1		1	16b
+	 xx10		0	4h
+	 xx10		1	8h
+	 x100		0	2s
+	 x100		1	4s
+	 1000		0	reserved
+	 1000		1	2d  */
+      value = aarch64_get_qualifier_standard_value (qualifier);
+      insert_field (FLD_Q, &inst->value, value & 0x1, inst->opcode->mask);
+      num = (int) value >> 1;
+      assert (num >= 0 && num <= 3);
+      gen_sub_field (FLD_imm5, 0, num + 1, &field);
+      insert_field_2 (&field, &inst->value, 1 << num, inst->opcode->mask);
+    }
+  if (inst->opcode->flags & F_GPRSIZE_IN_Q)
+    {
+      /* Use Rt to encode in the case of e.g.
+	 STXP <Ws>, <Xt1>, <Xt2>, [<Xn|SP>{,#0}].  */
+      enum aarch64_opnd_qualifier qualifier;
+      idx = aarch64_operand_index (inst->opcode->operands, AARCH64_OPND_Rt);
+      if (idx == -1)
+	/* Otherwise use the result operand, which has to be a integer
+	   register.  */
+	idx = 0;
+      assert (idx == 0 || idx == 1);
+      assert (aarch64_get_operand_class (inst->opcode->operands[idx])
+	      == AARCH64_OPND_CLASS_INT_REG);
+      qualifier = inst->operands[idx].qualifier;
+      insert_field (FLD_Q, &inst->value,
+		    aarch64_get_qualifier_standard_value (qualifier), 0);
+    }
+  if (inst->opcode->flags & F_LDS_SIZE)
+    {
+      /* e.g. LDRSB <Wt>, [<Xn|SP>, <R><m>{, <extend> {<amount>}}].  */
+      enum aarch64_opnd_qualifier qualifier;
+      aarch64_field field = {0, 0};
+      assert (aarch64_get_operand_class (inst->opcode->operands[0])
+	      == AARCH64_OPND_CLASS_INT_REG);
+      gen_sub_field (FLD_opc, 0, 1, &field);
+      qualifier = inst->operands[0].qualifier;
+      insert_field_2 (&field, &inst->value,
+		      1 - aarch64_get_qualifier_standard_value (qualifier), 0);
+    }
+  /* Miscellaneous encoding as the last step.  */
+  if (inst->opcode->flags & F_MISC)
+    do_misc_encoding (inst);
+
+  DEBUG_TRACE ("exit with coding 0x%x", (uint32_t) inst->value);
+}
+
+/* Converters converting an alias opcode instruction to its real form.  */
+
+/* ROR <Wd>, <Ws>, #<shift>
+     is equivalent to:
+   EXTR <Wd>, <Ws>, <Ws>, #<shift>.  */
+static void
+convert_ror_to_extr (aarch64_inst *inst)
+{
+  copy_operand_info (inst, 3, 2);
+  copy_operand_info (inst, 2, 1);
+}
+
+/* Convert
+     LSR <Xd>, <Xn>, #<shift>
+   to
+     UBFM <Xd>, <Xn>, #<shift>, #63.  */
+static void
+convert_sr_to_bfm (aarch64_inst *inst)
+{
+  inst->operands[3].imm.value =
+    inst->operands[2].qualifier == AARCH64_OPND_QLF_imm_0_31 ? 31 : 63;
+}
+
+/* Convert MOV to ORR.  */
+static void
+convert_mov_to_orr (aarch64_inst *inst)
+{
+  /* MOV <Vd>.<T>, <Vn>.<T>
+     is equivalent to:
+     ORR <Vd>.<T>, <Vn>.<T>, <Vn>.<T>.  */
+  copy_operand_info (inst, 2, 1);
+}
+
+/* When <imms> >= <immr>, the instruction written:
+     SBFX <Xd>, <Xn>, #<lsb>, #<width>
+   is equivalent to:
+     SBFM <Xd>, <Xn>, #<lsb>, #(<lsb>+<width>-1).  */
+
+static void
+convert_bfx_to_bfm (aarch64_inst *inst)
+{
+  int64_t lsb, width;
+
+  /* Convert the operand.  */
+  lsb = inst->operands[2].imm.value;
+  width = inst->operands[3].imm.value;
+  inst->operands[2].imm.value = lsb;
+  inst->operands[3].imm.value = lsb + width - 1;
+}
+
+/* When <imms> < <immr>, the instruction written:
+     SBFIZ <Xd>, <Xn>, #<lsb>, #<width>
+   is equivalent to:
+     SBFM <Xd>, <Xn>, #((64-<lsb>)&0x3f), #(<width>-1).  */
+
+static void
+convert_bfi_to_bfm (aarch64_inst *inst)
+{
+  int64_t lsb, width;
+
+  /* Convert the operand.  */
+  lsb = inst->operands[2].imm.value;
+  width = inst->operands[3].imm.value;
+  if (inst->operands[2].qualifier == AARCH64_OPND_QLF_imm_0_31)
+    {
+      inst->operands[2].imm.value = (32 - lsb) & 0x1f;
+      inst->operands[3].imm.value = width - 1;
+    }
+  else
+    {
+      inst->operands[2].imm.value = (64 - lsb) & 0x3f;
+      inst->operands[3].imm.value = width - 1;
+    }
+}
+
+/* The instruction written:
+     LSL <Xd>, <Xn>, #<shift>
+   is equivalent to:
+     UBFM <Xd>, <Xn>, #((64-<shift>)&0x3f), #(63-<shift>).  */
+
+static void
+convert_lsl_to_ubfm (aarch64_inst *inst)
+{
+  int64_t shift = inst->operands[2].imm.value;
+
+  if (inst->operands[2].qualifier == AARCH64_OPND_QLF_imm_0_31)
+    {
+      inst->operands[2].imm.value = (32 - shift) & 0x1f;
+      inst->operands[3].imm.value = 31 - shift;
+    }
+  else
+    {
+      inst->operands[2].imm.value = (64 - shift) & 0x3f;
+      inst->operands[3].imm.value = 63 - shift;
+    }
+}
+
+/* CINC <Wd>, <Wn>, <cond>
+     is equivalent to:
+   CSINC <Wd>, <Wn>, <Wn>, invert(<cond>).  */
+
+static void
+convert_to_csel (aarch64_inst *inst)
+{
+  copy_operand_info (inst, 3, 2);
+  copy_operand_info (inst, 2, 1);
+  inst->operands[3].cond = get_inverted_cond (inst->operands[3].cond);
+}
+
+/* CSET <Wd>, <cond>
+     is equivalent to:
+   CSINC <Wd>, WZR, WZR, invert(<cond>).  */
+
+static void
+convert_cset_to_csinc (aarch64_inst *inst)
+{
+  copy_operand_info (inst, 3, 1);
+  copy_operand_info (inst, 2, 0);
+  copy_operand_info (inst, 1, 0);
+  inst->operands[1].reg.regno = 0x1f;
+  inst->operands[2].reg.regno = 0x1f;
+  inst->operands[3].cond = get_inverted_cond (inst->operands[3].cond);
+}
+
+/* MOV <Wd>, #<imm>
+   is equivalent to:
+   MOVZ <Wd>, #<imm16>, LSL #<shift>.  */
+
+static void
+convert_mov_to_movewide (aarch64_inst *inst)
+{
+  int is32;
+  uint32_t shift_amount;
+  uint64_t value;
+
+  switch (inst->opcode->op)
+    {
+    case OP_MOV_IMM_WIDE:
+      value = inst->operands[1].imm.value;
+      break;
+    case OP_MOV_IMM_WIDEN:
+      value = ~inst->operands[1].imm.value;
+      break;
+    default:
+      assert (0);
+    }
+  inst->operands[1].type = AARCH64_OPND_HALF;
+  is32 = inst->operands[0].qualifier == AARCH64_OPND_QLF_W;
+  /* This should have been guaranteed by the constraint check.  */
+  assert (aarch64_wide_constant_p (value, is32, &shift_amount) == TRUE);
+  value >>= shift_amount;
+  value &= 0xffff;
+  inst->operands[1].imm.value = value;
+  inst->operands[1].shifter.kind = AARCH64_MOD_LSL;
+  inst->operands[1].shifter.amount = shift_amount;
+}
+
+/* MOV <Wd>, #<imm>
+     is equivalent to:
+   ORR <Wd>, WZR, #<imm>.  */
+
+static void
+convert_mov_to_movebitmask (aarch64_inst *inst)
+{
+  copy_operand_info (inst, 2, 1);
+  inst->operands[1].reg.regno = 0x1f;
+  inst->operands[1].skip = 0;
+}
+
+/* Some alias opcodes are assembled by being converted to their real-form.  */
+
+static void
+convert_to_real (aarch64_inst *inst, const aarch64_opcode *real)
+{
+  const aarch64_opcode *alias = inst->opcode;
+
+  if ((alias->flags & F_CONV) == 0)
+    goto convert_to_real_return;
+
+  switch (alias->op)
+    {
+    case OP_ASR_IMM:
+    case OP_LSR_IMM:
+      convert_sr_to_bfm (inst);
+      break;
+    case OP_LSL_IMM:
+      convert_lsl_to_ubfm (inst);
+      break;
+    case OP_CINC:
+    case OP_CINV:
+    case OP_CNEG:
+      convert_to_csel (inst);
+      break;
+    case OP_CSET:
+    case OP_CSETM:
+      convert_cset_to_csinc (inst);
+      break;
+    case OP_UBFX:
+    case OP_BFXIL:
+    case OP_SBFX:
+      convert_bfx_to_bfm (inst);
+      break;
+    case OP_SBFIZ:
+    case OP_BFI:
+    case OP_UBFIZ:
+      convert_bfi_to_bfm (inst);
+      break;
+    case OP_MOV_V:
+      convert_mov_to_orr (inst);
+      break;
+    case OP_MOV_IMM_WIDE:
+    case OP_MOV_IMM_WIDEN:
+      convert_mov_to_movewide (inst);
+      break;
+    case OP_MOV_IMM_LOG:
+      convert_mov_to_movebitmask (inst);
+      break;
+    case OP_ROR_IMM:
+      convert_ror_to_extr (inst);
+      break;
+    default:
+      break;
+    }
+
+convert_to_real_return:
+  aarch64_replace_opcode (inst, real);
+}
+
+/* Encode *INST_ORI of the opcode code OPCODE.
+   Return the encoded result in *CODE and if QLF_SEQ is not NULL, return the
+   matched operand qualifier sequence in *QLF_SEQ.  */
+
+int
+aarch64_opcode_encode (const aarch64_opcode *opcode,
+		       const aarch64_inst *inst_ori, aarch64_insn *code,
+		       aarch64_opnd_qualifier_t *qlf_seq,
+		       aarch64_operand_error *mismatch_detail)
+{
+  int i;
+  const aarch64_opcode *aliased;
+  aarch64_inst copy, *inst;
+
+  DEBUG_TRACE ("enter with %s", opcode->name);
+
+  /* Create a copy of *INST_ORI, so that we can do any change we want.  */
+  copy = *inst_ori;
+  inst = &copy;
+
+  assert (inst->opcode == NULL || inst->opcode == opcode);
+  if (inst->opcode == NULL)
+    inst->opcode = opcode;
+
+  /* Constrain the operands.
+     After passing this, the encoding is guaranteed to succeed.  */
+  if (aarch64_match_operands_constraint (inst, mismatch_detail) == 0)
+    {
+      DEBUG_TRACE ("FAIL since operand constraint not met");
+      return 0;
+    }
+
+  /* Get the base value.
+     Note: this has to be before the aliasing handling below in order to
+     get the base value from the alias opcode before we move on to the
+     aliased opcode for encoding.  */
+  inst->value = opcode->opcode;
+
+  /* No need to do anything else if the opcode does not have any operand.  */
+  if (aarch64_num_of_operands (opcode) == 0)
+    goto encoding_exit;
+
+  /* Assign operand indexes and check types.  Also put the matched
+     operand qualifiers in *QLF_SEQ to return.  */
+  for (i = 0; i < AARCH64_MAX_OPND_NUM; ++i)
+    {
+      assert (opcode->operands[i] == inst->operands[i].type);
+      inst->operands[i].idx = i;
+      if (qlf_seq != NULL)
+	*qlf_seq = inst->operands[i].qualifier;
+    }
+
+  aliased = aarch64_find_real_opcode (opcode);
+  /* If the opcode is an alias and it does not ask for direct encoding by
+     itself, the instruction will be transformed to the form of real opcode
+     and the encoding will be carried out using the rules for the aliased
+     opcode.  */
+  if (aliased != NULL && (opcode->flags & F_CONV))
+    {
+      DEBUG_TRACE ("real opcode '%s' has been found for the alias  %s",
+		   aliased->name, opcode->name);
+      /* Convert the operands to the form of the real opcode.  */
+      convert_to_real (inst, aliased);
+      opcode = aliased;
+    }
+
+  aarch64_opnd_info *info = inst->operands;
+
+  /* Call the inserter of each operand.  */
+  for (i = 0; i < AARCH64_MAX_OPND_NUM; ++i, ++info)
+    {
+      const aarch64_operand *opnd;
+      enum aarch64_opnd type = opcode->operands[i];
+      if (type == AARCH64_OPND_NIL)
+	break;
+      if (info->skip)
+	{
+	  DEBUG_TRACE ("skip the incomplete operand %d", i);
+	  continue;
+	}
+      opnd = &aarch64_operands[type];
+      if (operand_has_inserter (opnd))
+	aarch64_insert_operand (opnd, info, &inst->value, inst);
+    }
+
+  /* Call opcode encoders indicated by flags.  */
+  if (opcode_has_special_coder (opcode))
+    do_special_encoding (inst);
+
+encoding_exit:
+  DEBUG_TRACE ("exit with %s", opcode->name);
+
+  *code = inst->value;
+
+  return 1;
+}