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-%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% gdb-refcard.tex %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
-
-%This file is TeX source for a reference card describing GDB, the GNU debugger.
-%$Id$
-%Copyright (C) 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
-%Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of
-%this reference provided the copyright notices and permission notices
-%are preserved on all copies.
-%
-%TeX markup is a programming language; accordingly this file is source
-%for a program to generate a reference.
-%
-%This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
-%it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
-%the Free Software Foundation; either version 1, or (at your option)
-%any later version.
-%
-%This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
-%WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
-%MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
-%General Public License for more details.
-%
-%You can find a copy of the GNU General Public License in the GDB
-%manual; or write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc.,
-%675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
-%
-%You can contact the author as:  pesch@cygnus.com
-%
-%                                Roland Pesch
-%                                Cygnus Support
-%                                814 University Ave.
-%                                Palo Alto, CA 94301 USA
-%
-%                                +1 415 322 3811
-%
-% Uncomment the following `magnification' command if you want to print
-% out in a larger font.  Caution!  You may need larger paper.  You had
-% best avoid using 3-column output if you try this.  See the ``Three
-% column format'' section below if you want to print in three column
-% format.
-%
-%\magnification=\magstep 1
-%
-% NOTE ON INTENTIONAL OMISSIONS: This reference card includes most GDB
-% commands, but due to space constraints there are some things I chose
-% to omit.  In general, not all synonyms for commands are covered, nor
-% all variations of a command.
-% The GDB-under-Emacs section omits gdb-mode functions without default
-% keybindings.  GDB startup options are not described.
-% set print sevenbit-strings, set symbol-reloading omitted.
-% printsyms, printpsyms, omitted since they're for GDB maintenance primarily
-% share omitted due to obsolescence
-% set check range/type omitted at least til code is in GDB.
-%
-{%
-\def\$#1${{#1}}%   Kluge: collect RCS revision info without $...$
-\xdef\manvers{\$Revision$}%
-}%
-%-------------------- Three column format -----------------------
-
-%%%% --- To disable three column format, comment out this entire section
-
-% Three-column format for landscape printing on 8.5x11 paper
-
-% We want output .25 inch *from paper edge*; i.e. -.75in from TeX default
-\hoffset=-0.8in \voffset=-0.75in
-\newdimen\fullhsize
-\fullhsize=10.5in \hsize=3.3in
-\def\fulline{\hbox to \fullhsize}
-\let\lcr=L \newbox\leftcolumn\newbox\centercolumn
-\output={\if L\lcr
-            \global\setbox\leftcolumn=\columnbox \global\let\lcr=C
-	 \else
-            \if C\lcr
-               \global\setbox\centercolumn=\columnbox \global\let\lcr=R
-            \else \tripleformat \global\let\lcr=L
-            \fi
-         \fi
-%         \ifnum\outputpenalty>-20000 \else\dosupereject\fi
-      }
-%
-%ALTERNATIVE FOLDING GUIDES:
-%
-%For NO printed folding guide, comment out other \def\vdecor's and uncomment:
-%\def\vdecor{\hskip .2in plus1fil}
-%
-%For SOLID LINE folding guide, comment out other \def\vdecor's and uncomment:
-%\def\vdecor{\hskip .1in plus1fil \vrule width .1pt \hskip .1in plus1fil}
-%
-%For SMALL MARKS NEAR TOP AND BOTTOM as folding guide,
-%comment out other \def\vdecor's and uncomment:
-\def\vdecor{\hskip .1in plus1fil 
-\vbox to \vsize{\hbox to .1pt{\vrule height 2pt width .1pt}\vfill
-\hbox to .1pt{\vrule height 2pt width .1pt}}
-\hskip .1in plus1fil}
-%
-%END OF ALTERNATIVES FOR FOLDING GUIDES
-%
-\def\tripleformat{\shipout\vbox{\fulline{\box\leftcolumn\vdecor
-                                         \box\centercolumn\vdecor
-                                         \columnbox}
-			       }
-                 \advancepageno}
-\def\columnbox{\leftline{\pagebody}}
-\def\bye{\par\vfill
-         \supereject
-         \if R\lcr \null\vfill\eject\fi
-         \end}
-
-%-------------------- end three column format -----------------------
-
-%-------------------- Computer Modern font defs: --------------------
-\font\bbf=cmbx10
-\font\vbbf=cmbx12
-\font\smrm=cmr6
-\font\brm=cmr10
-\font\rm=cmr7
-\font\it=cmti7
-\font\tt=cmtt8
-%-------------------- end font defs ---------------------------------
-
-%
-\vsize=8in
-\hyphenpenalty=5000\tolerance=2000\raggedright\raggedbottom
-\normalbaselineskip=9pt\baselineskip=9pt
-%
-\parindent=0pt
-\parskip=0pt
-\footline={\vbox to0pt{\hss}}
-%
-\def\ctl#1{{\tt C-#1}}
-\def\opt#1{{\brm[{\rm #1}]}}
-\def\xtra#1{\noalign{\smallskip{\tt#1}}}
-%
-\long\def\sec#1;#2\endsec{\vskip 1pc
-\halign{%
-%COL 1 (of halign):
-\vtop{\hsize=1.1in\tt
-##\par\vskip 2pt }\hfil
-%COL 2 (of halign):
-&\vtop{\hsize=2.1in\hangafter=1\hangindent=0.5em
-\rm ##\par\vskip 2pt}\cr
-%Tail of \long\def fills in halign body with \sec args:
-\noalign{{\bbf #1}\vskip 2pt}
-#2
-}
-}
-
-{\vbbf GDB QUICK REFERENCE}\hfil{\smrm GDB Version 4}\qquad
-
-\sec Essential Commands;
-gdb {\it program} \opt{{\it core}}&debug {\it program} \opt{using
-coredump {\it core}}\cr
-b \opt{\it file\tt:}{\it function}&set breakpoint at {\it function} \opt{in \it file}\cr
-run \opt{{\it arglist}}&start your program \opt{with {\it arglist}}\cr
-bt& backtrace: display program stack\cr
-p {\it expr}&display the value of an expression\cr
-c &continue running your program\cr
-n &next line, stepping over function calls\cr
-s &next line, stepping into function calls\cr
-\endsec
-
-\sec Starting GDB;
-gdb&start GDB, with no debugging files\cr
-gdb {\it program}&begin debugging {\it program}\cr
-gdb {\it program core}&debug coredump {\it core} produced by {\it
-program}\cr
-gdb --help&describe command line options\cr
-\endsec
-
-\sec Stopping GDB;
-quit&exit GDB; also {\tt q} or {\tt EOF} (eg \ctl{d})\cr
-INTERRUPT&(eg \ctl{c}) terminate current command, or send to running process\cr
-\endsec
-
-\sec Getting Help;
-help&list classes of commands\cr
-help {\it class}&one-line descriptions for commands in {\it class}\cr
-help {\it command}&describe {\it command}\cr
-\endsec
-
-\sec Executing your Program;
-run {\it arglist}&start your program with {\it arglist}\cr
-run&start your program with current argument list\cr
-run $\ldots$ <{\it inf} >{\it outf}&start your program with input, output
-redirected\cr
-\cr
-kill&kill running program\cr
-\cr
-tty {\it dev}&use {\it dev} as stdin and stdout for next {\tt run}\cr
-set args {\it arglist}&specify {\it arglist} for next
-{\tt run}\cr
-set args&specify empty argument list\cr
-show args&display argument list\cr
-\cr
-show environment&show all environment variables\cr
-show env {\it var}&show value of environment variable {\it var}\cr
-set env {\it var} {\it string}&set environment variable {\it var}\cr
-unset env {\it var}&remove {\it var} from environment\cr
-\endsec
-
-\sec Shell Commands;
-cd {\it dir}&change working directory to {\it dir}\cr
-pwd&Print working directory\cr
-make $\ldots$&call ``{\tt make}''\cr
-shell {\it cmd}&execute arbitrary shell command string\cr
-\endsec
-
-\vfill
-\line{\smrm \opt{ } surround optional arguments \hfill $\ldots$ show
-one or more arguments}
-\vskip\baselineskip
-\centerline{\smrm \copyright 1991, 1992 Free Software Foundation, Inc.\qquad Permissions on back}
-\eject
-\sec Breakpoints and Watchpoints;
-break \opt{\it file\tt:}{\it line}\par
-b \opt{\it file\tt:}{\it line}&set breakpoint at {\it line} number \opt{in \it file}\par 
-eg:\quad{\tt break main.c:37}\quad\cr
-break \opt{\it file\tt:}{\it function}&set breakpoint at {\it
-function} \opt{in \it file}\cr
-break +{\it offset}\par
-break -{\it offset}&set break at {\it offset} lines from current stop\cr
-break *{\it addr}&set breakpoint at address {\it addr}\cr
-break&set breakpoint at next instruction\cr
-break $\ldots$ if {\it expr}&break conditionally on nonzero {\it expr}\cr
-cond {\it n} \opt{\it expr}&new conditional expression on breakpoint
-{\it n}; make unconditional if no {\it expr}\cr
-tbreak $\ldots$&temporary break; disable when reached\cr
-rbreak {\it regex}&break on all functions matching {\it regex}\cr
-watch {\it expr}&set a watchpoint for expression {\it expr}\cr
-catch {\it x}&break at C++ handler for exception {\it x}\cr
-\cr
-info break&show defined breakpoints\cr
-info watch&show defined watchpoints\cr
-\cr
-clear&delete breakpoints at next instruction\cr
-clear \opt{\it file\tt:}{\it fun}&delete breakpoints at entry to {\it fun}()\cr
-clear \opt{\it file\tt:}{\it line}&delete breakpoints on source line \cr
-delete \opt{{\it n}}&delete breakpoints
-\opt{or breakpoint {\it n}}\cr
-\cr
-disable \opt{{\it n}}&disable breakpoints
-\opt{or breakpoint {\it n}}
-\cr
-enable \opt{{\it n}}&enable breakpoints 
-\opt{or breakpoint {\it n}}
-\cr
-enable once \opt{{\it n}}&enable breakpoints \opt{or breakpoint {\it n}}; 
-disable again when reached
-\cr
-enable del \opt{{\it n}}&enable breakpoints \opt{or breakpoint {\it n}}; 
-delete when reached
-\cr
-\cr
-ignore {\it n} {\it count}&ignore breakpoint {\it n}, {\it count}
-times\cr
-\cr
-commands {\it n}\par
-\qquad \opt{\tt silent}\par
-\qquad {\it command-list}&execute GDB {\it command-list} every time breakpoint {\it n} is reached. \opt{{\tt silent} suppresses default
-display}\cr
-end&end of {\it command-list}\cr
-\endsec
-
-\sec Program Stack;
-backtrace \opt{\it n}\par
-bt \opt{\it n}&print trace of all frames in stack; or of {\it n}
-frames---innermost if {\it n}{\tt >0}, outermost if {\it n}{\tt <0}\cr
-frame \opt{\it n}&select frame number {\it n} or frame at address {\it
-n}; if no {\it n}, display current frame\cr
-up {\it n}&select frame {\it n} frames up\cr
-down {\it n}&select frame {\it n} frames down\cr
-info frame \opt{\it addr}&describe selected frame, or frame at
-{\it addr}\cr
-info args&arguments of selected frame\cr
-info locals&local variables of selected frame\cr
-info reg \opt{\it rn}\par
-info all-reg \opt{\it rn}&register values \opt{for reg {\it rn\/}} in
-selected frame; {\tt all-reg} includes floating point\cr
-info catch&exception handlers active in selected frame\cr
-\endsec
-
-\vfill\eject
-\sec Execution Control;
-continue \opt{\it count}\par
-c \opt{\it count}&continue running; if {\it count} specified, ignore
-this breakpoint next {\it count} times\cr
-\cr
-step \opt{\it count}\par
-s \opt{\it count}&execute until another line reached; repeat {\it count} times if
-specified\cr
-stepi \opt{\it count}\par
-si \opt{\it count}&step by machine instructions rather than source
-lines\cr
-\cr
-next \opt{\it count}\par
-n \opt{\it count}&execute next line, including any function calls\cr
-nexti \opt{\it count}\par
-ni \opt{\it count}&next machine instruction rather than source
-line\cr
-\cr
-until \opt{\it location}&run until next instruction (or {\it
-location})\cr
-finish&run until selected stack frame returns\cr
-return \opt{\it expr}&pop selected stack frame without executing
-\opt{setting return value}\cr
-signal {\it num}&resume execution with signal {\it s} (none if {\tt 0})\cr
-jump {\it line}\par
-jump *{\it address}&resume execution at specified {\it line} number or
-{\it address}\cr
-set var={\it expr}&evaluate {\it expr} without displaying it; use for
-altering program variables\cr
-\endsec
-
-\sec Display;
-print \opt{\tt/{\it f}\/} \opt{\it expr}\par
-p \opt{\tt/{\it f}\/} \opt{\it expr}&show value of {\it expr} \opt{or
-last value \tt \$} according to format {\it f}:\cr
-\qquad x&hexadecimal\cr
-\qquad d&signed decimal\cr
-\qquad u&unsigned decimal\cr
-\qquad o&octal\cr
-\qquad t&binary\cr
-\qquad a&address, absolute and relative\cr
-\qquad c&character\cr
-\qquad f&floating point\cr
-call \opt{\tt /{\it f}\/} {\it expr}&like {\tt print} but does not display
-{\tt void}\cr
-x \opt{\tt/{\it Nuf}\/} {\it expr}&examine memory at address {\it expr};
-optional format spec follows slash\cr
-\quad {\it N}&count of how many units to display\cr
-\quad {\it u}&unit size; one of\cr
-&{\tt\qquad b}\ individual bytes\cr
-&{\tt\qquad h}\ halfwords (two bytes)\cr
-&{\tt\qquad w}\ words (four bytes)\cr
-&{\tt\qquad g}\ giant words (eight bytes)\cr
-\quad {\it f}&printing format.  Any {\tt print} format, or\cr
-&{\tt\qquad s}\ null-terminated string\cr
-&{\tt\qquad i}\ machine instructions\cr
-disassem \opt{\it addr}&display memory as machine instructions\cr
-\endsec
-
-\sec Automatic Display;
-display \opt{\tt/\it f\/} {\it expr}&show value of {\it expr} each time
-program stops \opt{according to format {\it f}\/}\cr
-display&display all enabled expressions on list\cr
-undisplay {\it n}&remove number(s) {\it n} from list of
-automatically displayed expressions\cr
-disable disp {\it n}&disable display for expression(s) number {\it
-n}\cr
-enable disp {\it n}&enable display for expression(s) number {\it
-n}\cr
-info display&numbered list of display expressions\cr
-\endsec
-
-\vfill\eject
-
-\sec Expressions;
-{\it expr}&an expression in C, C++, or Modula-2 (including function calls), or:\cr
-{\it addr\/}@{\it len}&an array of {\it len} elements beginning at {\it
-addr}\cr
-{\it file}::{\it nm}&a variable or function {\it nm} defined in {\it
-file}\cr
-$\tt\{${\it type}$\tt\}${\it addr}&read memory at {\it addr} as specified
-{\it type}\cr
-\$&most recent displayed value\cr
-\${\it n}&{\it n}th displayed value\cr
-\$\$&displayed value previous to \$\cr
-\$\${\it n}&{\it n}th displayed value back from \$\cr
-\$\_&last address examined with {\tt x}\cr
-\$\_\_&value at address \$\_\cr
-\${\it var}&convenience variable; assign any value\cr
-\cr
-show values \opt{{\it n}}&show last 10 values \opt{or surrounding
-\${\it n}}\cr
-show convenience&display all convenience variables\cr
-\endsec
-
-\sec Symbol Table;
-info address {\it s}&show where symbol {\it s} is stored\cr
-info func \opt{\it regex}&show names, types of defined functions
-(all, or matching {\it regex})\cr
-info var \opt{\it regex}&show names, types of global variables (all,
-or matching {\it regex})\cr
-whatis \opt{\it expr}\par
-ptype \opt{\it expr}&show data type of {\it expr} \opt{or \tt \$}
-without evaluating; {\tt ptype} gives more detail\cr
-ptype {\it type}&describe type, struct, union, or enum\cr
-\endsec
-
-\sec GDB Scripts;
-source {\it script}&read, execute GDB commands from file {\it
-script}\cr
-\cr
-define {\it cmd}\par
-\qquad {\it command-list}&create new GDB command {\it cmd}; 
-execute script defined by {\it command-list}\cr
-end&end of {\it command-list}\cr
-document {\it cmd}\par
-\qquad {\it help-text}&create online documentation 
-for new GDB command {\it cmd}\cr
-end&end of {\it help-text}\cr
-\endsec
-
-\sec Signals;
-handle {\it signal} {\it act}&specify GDB actions for {\it signal}:\cr
-\quad print&announce signal\cr
-\quad noprint&be silent for signal\cr
-\quad stop&halt execution on signal\cr
-\quad nostop&do not halt execution\cr
-\quad pass&allow your program to handle signal\cr
-\quad nopass&do not allow your program to see signal\cr
-info signals&show table of signals, GDB action for each\cr
-\endsec
-
-\sec Debugging Targets;
-target {\it type} {\it param}&connect to target machine, process, or file\cr
-help target&display available targets\cr
-attach {\it param}&connect to another process\cr
-detach&release target from GDB control\cr
-\endsec
-
-\vfill\eject
-\sec Controlling GDB;
-set {\it param} {\it value}&set one of GDB's internal parameters\cr
-show {\it param}&display current setting of parameter\cr
-\xtra{\rm Parameters understood by {\tt set} and {\tt show}:}
-\quad complaints {\it limit}&number of messages on unusual symbols\cr
-\quad confirm {\it on/off}&enable or disable cautionary queries\cr
-\quad editing {\it on/off}&control {\tt readline} command-line editing\cr
-\quad height {\it lpp}&number of lines before pause in display\cr
-\quad language {\it lang}&Language for GDB expressions ({\tt auto}, {\tt c} or
-{\tt modula-2})\cr
-\quad listsize {\it n}&number of lines shown by {\tt list}\cr
-\quad prompt {\it str}&use {\it str} as GDB prompt\cr
-\quad radix {\it base}&octal, decimal, or hex number representation\cr
-\quad verbose {\it on/off}&control messages when loading
-symbols\cr
-\quad width {\it cpl}&number of characters before line folded\cr
-\quad write {\it on/off}&Allow or forbid patching binary, core files
-(when reopened with {\tt exec} or {\tt core})
-\cr
-\quad history $\ldots$\par
-\quad h $\ldots$&groups with the following options:\cr
-\quad h exp {\it off/on}&disable/enable {\tt readline} history expansion\cr
-\quad h file {\it filename}&file for recording GDB command history\cr
-\quad h size {\it size}&number of commands kept in history list\cr
-\quad h save {\it off/on}&control use of external file for
-command history\cr
-\cr
-\quad print $\ldots$\par
-\quad p $\ldots$&groups with the following options:\cr
-\quad p address {\it on/off}&print memory addresses in stacks,
-values\cr
-\quad p  array {\it off/on}&compact or attractive format for
-arrays\cr
-\quad p demangl {\it on/off}&source (demangled) or internal form for C++
-symbols\cr
-\quad p asm-dem {\it on/off}&demangle C++ symbols in
-machine-instruction output\cr
-\quad p elements {\it limit}&number of array elements to display\cr
-\quad p object {\it on/off}&print C++ derived types for objects\cr
-\quad p pretty {\it off/on}&struct display: compact or indented\cr
-\quad p union {\it on/off}&display of union members\cr
-\quad p vtbl {\it off/on}&display of C++ virtual function
-tables\cr
-\cr
-show commands&show last 10 commands\cr
-show commands {\it n}&show 10 commands around number {\it n}\cr
-show commands +&show next 10 commands\cr
-\endsec
-
-\sec Working Files;
-file \opt{\it file}&use {\it file} for both symbols and executable;
-with no arg, discard both\cr
-core \opt{\it file}&read {\it file} as coredump; or discard\cr
-exec \opt{\it file}&use {\it file} as executable only; or discard\cr
-symbol \opt{\it file}&use symbol table from {\it file}; or discard\cr
-load {\it file}&dynamically link {\it file\/} and add its symbols\cr
-add-sym {\it file} {\it addr}&read additional symbols from {\it file},
-dynamically loaded at {\it addr}\cr
-info files&display working files and targets in use\cr
-path {\it dirs}&add {\it dirs} to front of path searched for
-executable and symbol files\cr
-show path&display executable and symbol file path\cr
-info share&list names of shared libraries currently loaded\cr
-\endsec
-
-\vfill\eject
-\sec Source Files;
-dir {\it names}&add directory {\it names} to front of source path\cr
-dir&clear source path\cr
-show dir&show current source path\cr
-\cr
-list&show next ten lines of source\cr
-list -&show previous ten lines\cr
-list {\it lines}&display source centered around {\it lines}, 
-specified as one of:\cr
-\quad{\opt{\it file\tt:}\it num}&line number \opt{in named file}\cr
-\quad{\opt{\it file\tt:}\it function}&beginning of function \opt{in
-named file}\cr
-\quad{\tt +\it off}&{\it off} lines after last printed\cr
-\quad{\tt -\it off}&{\it off} lines previous to last printed\cr
-\quad{\tt*\it address}&line containing {\it address}\cr
-list {\it f},{\it l}&from line {\it f} to line {\it l}\cr
-info line {\it num}&show starting, ending addresses of compiled code for
-source line {\it num}\cr
-info source&show name of current source file\cr
-info sources&list all source files in use\cr
-forw {\it regex}&search following source lines for {\it regex}\cr
-rev {\it regex}&search preceding source lines for {\it regex}\cr
-\endsec
-
-\sec GDB under GNU Emacs;
-M-x gdb&run GDB under Emacs\cr
-\ctl{h} m&describe GDB mode\cr
-M-s&step one line ({\tt step})\cr
-M-n&next line ({\tt next})\cr
-M-i&step one instruction ({\tt stepi})\cr
-\ctl{c} \ctl{f}&finish current stack frame ({\tt finish})\cr
-M-c&continue ({\tt cont})\cr
-M-u&up {\it arg} frames ({\tt up})\cr
-M-d&down {\it arg} frames ({\tt down})\cr
-\ctl{x} \&&copy number from point, insert at end\cr
-\ctl{x} SPC&(in source file) set break at point\cr
-\endsec
-
-\sec GDB License;
-show copying&Display GNU General Public License\cr
-show warranty&There is NO WARRANTY for GDB.  Display full no-warranty
-statement.\cr 
-\endsec
-
-
-\vfill
-{\smrm\parskip=6pt
-\centerline{Copyright \copyright 1991, 1992 Free Software Foundation, Inc.}
-\centerline{Roland Pesch (pesch@cygnus.com), January 1992---\manvers}
-\centerline{The author assumes no responsibility for any errors on this card.}
-
-This card may be freely distributed under the terms of the GNU
-General Public License.
-
-\centerline{Please contribute to development of this card by
-annotating it.}
-
-GDB itself is free software; you are welcome to distribute copies of
-it under the terms of the GNU General Public License.  There is
-absolutely no warranty for GDB.
-}
-\end