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authorK. Richard Pixley <rich@cygnus>1992-12-08 04:59:31 +0000
committerK. Richard Pixley <rich@cygnus>1992-12-08 04:59:31 +0000
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-_dnl__ -*- Texinfo -*-
-_dnl__ Copyright (c) 1988 1989 1990 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
-_dnl__ This file is part of the source for the GDB manual.
-@c M4 FRAGMENT: $Id$
-@c
-@syncodeindex ky cp
-@c FOR UPDATES LEADING TO THIS DRAFT, GDB CHANGELOG CONSULTED BETWEEN:
-@c Sun May 19 05:36:59 1991 John Gilmore (gnu at cygint.cygnus.com)
-@c Sat Dec 22 02:51:40 1990 John Gilmore (gnu at cygint)
-@ifinfo
-This file documents the GNU debugger _GDBN__.
-
-Copyright (C) 1988, 1989, 1990, 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
-
-Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of
-this manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice
-are preserved on all copies.
-
-@ignore
-Permission is granted to process this file through TeX and print the
-results, provided the printed document carries copying permission
-notice identical to this one except for the removal of this paragraph
-(this paragraph not being relevant to the printed manual).
-
-@end ignore
-Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified versions of this
-manual under the conditions for verbatim copying, provided also that the
-section entitled ``GNU General Public License'' is included exactly as
-in the original, and provided that the entire resulting derived work is
-distributed under the terms of a permission notice identical to this
-one.
-
-Permission is granted to copy and distribute translations of this manual
-into another language, under the above conditions for modified versions,
-except that the section entitled ``GNU General Public License'' may be
-included in a translation approved by the Free Software Foundation
-instead of in the original English.
-@end ifinfo
-@smallbook
-@setchapternewpage odd
-_if__(_GENERIC__)
-@settitle Using _GDBN__ (v4.0)
-_fi__(_GENERIC__)
-_if__(!_GENERIC__)
-@settitle Using _GDBN__ v4.0 (_HOST__)
-_fi__(!_GENERIC__)
-@iftex
-@finalout
-@end iftex
-@titlepage
-@title{Using _GDBN__}
-@subtitle{A Guide to the GNU Source-Level Debugger}
-_if__(!_GENERIC__)
-@subtitle{On _HOST__ Systems}
-_fi__(!_GENERIC__)
-@sp 1
-@c Maybe crank this up to "Fourth Edition" when released at FSF
-@c @subtitle Third Edition---_GDBN__ version 4.0
-@subtitle _GDBN__ version 4.0
-@subtitle May 1991
-@author{Richard M. Stallman@qquad @hfill Free Software Foundation}
-@author{Roland H. Pesch@qquad @hfill Cygnus Support}
-@page
-@tex
-{\parskip=0pt
-\hfill rms\@ai.mit.edu, pesch\@cygnus.com\par
-\hfill {\it Using _GDBN__}, \manvers\par
-\hfill \TeX{}info \texinfoversion\par
-}
-@end tex
-
-@vskip 0pt plus 1filll
-Copyright @copyright{} 1988, 1989, 1990, 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
-
-Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of
-this manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice
-are preserved on all copies.
-
-Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified versions of this
-manual under the conditions for verbatim copying, provided also that the
-section entitled ``GNU General Public License'' is included exactly as
-in the original, and provided that the entire resulting derived work is
-distributed under the terms of a permission notice identical to this
-one.
-
-Permission is granted to copy and distribute translations of this manual
-into another language, under the above conditions for modified versions,
-except that the section entitled ``GNU General Public License'' may be
-included in a translation approved by the Free Software Foundation
-instead of in the original English.
-@end titlepage
-@page
-
-@node Top, Summary, (dir), (dir)
-@ifinfo
-This file describes version 4.0 of GDB, the GNU symbolic debugger.
-@end ifinfo
-
-@menu
-* Summary:: Summary of _GDBN__
-* New Features:: New Features in _GDBN__ version 4.0
-* Sample Session:: A Sample _GDBN__ Session
-* Invocation:: Getting In and Out of _GDBN__
-* Commands::
-* Running:: Running Programs Under _GDBN__
-* Stopping:: Stopping and Continuing
-* Stack:: Examining the Stack
-* Source:: Examining Source Files
-* Data:: Examining Data
-* Symbols:: Examining the Symbol Table
-* Altering:: Altering Execution
-* _GDBN__ Files::
-* Targets:: Specifying a Debugging Target
-* Controlling _GDBN__:: Controlling _GDBN__
-* Sequences:: Canned Sequences of Commands
-* Emacs:: Using _GDBN__ under GNU Emacs
-* _GDBN__ Bugs:: Reporting Bugs in _GDBN__
-* Renamed Commands::
-* Installing _GDBN__:: Installing _GDBN__
-* Copying:: GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
-* Index:: Index
- --- The Detailed Node Listing ---
-
-Summary of _GDBN__
-
-* Free Software:: Free Software
-* Contributors:: Contributors to _GDBN__
-
-Getting In and Out of _GDBN__
-
-* Starting _GDBN__:: Starting _GDBN__
-* Leaving _GDBN__:: Leaving _GDBN__
-* Shell Commands:: Shell Commands
-
-Starting _GDBN__
-
-* File Options:: Choosing Files
-* Mode Options:: Choosing Modes
-
-_GDBN__ Commands
-
-* Command Syntax:: Command Syntax
-* Help:: Getting Help
-
-Running Programs Under _GDBN__
-
-* Compilation:: Compiling for Debugging
-* Starting:: Starting your Program
-* Arguments:: Your Program's Arguments
-* Environment:: Your Program's Environment
-* Working Directory:: Your Program's Working Directory
-* Input/Output:: Your Program's Input and Output
-* Attach:: Debugging an Already-Running Process
-* Kill Process:: Killing the Child Process
-
-Stopping and Continuing
-
-* Breakpoints:: Breakpoints, Watchpoints, and Exceptions
-* Stepping:: Stepping
-* Continuing:: Continuing
-* Signals:: Signals
-
-Breakpoints, Watchpoints, and Exceptions
-
-* Set Breaks:: Setting Breakpoints
-* Set Watchpoints:: Setting Watchpoints
-* Exception Handling:: Breakpoints and Exceptions
-* Delete Breaks:: Deleting Breakpoints
-* Disabling:: Disabling Breakpoints
-* Conditions:: Break Conditions
-* Break Commands:: Breakpoint Command Lists
-* Breakpoint Menus:: Breakpoint Menus
-* Error in Breakpoints::
-
-Examining the Stack
-
-* Frames:: Stack Frames
-* Backtrace:: Backtraces
-* Selection:: Selecting a Frame
-* Frame Info:: Information on a Frame
-
-Examining Source Files
-
-* List:: Printing Source Lines
-* Search:: Searching Source Files
-* Source Path:: Specifying Source Directories
-* Machine Code:: Source and Machine Code
-
-Examining Data
-
-* Expressions:: Expressions
-* Variables:: Program Variables
-* Arrays:: Artificial Arrays
-* Output formats:: Output formats
-* Memory:: Examining Memory
-* Auto Display:: Automatic Display
-* Print Settings:: Print Settings
-* Value History:: Value History
-* Convenience Vars:: Convenience Variables
-* Registers:: Registers
-* Floating Point Hardware:: Floating Point Hardware
-
-Altering Execution
-
-* Assignment:: Assignment to Variables
-* Jumping:: Continuing at a Different Address
-* Signaling:: Giving the Program a Signal
-* Returning:: Returning from a Function
-* Calling:: Calling your Program's Functions
-
-_GDBN__'s Files
-
-* Files:: Commands to Specify Files
-* Symbol Errors:: Errors Reading Symbol Files
-
-Specifying a Debugging Target
-
-* Active Targets:: Active Targets
-* Target Commands:: Commands for Managing Targets
-* Remote:: Remote Debugging
-
-Remote Debugging
-
-* i960-Nindy Remote::
-* EB29K Remote::
-* VxWorks Remote::
-
-_GDBN__ with a Remote i960 (Nindy)
-
-* Nindy Startup:: Startup with Nindy
-* Nindy Options:: Options for Nindy
-* Nindy reset:: Nindy Reset Command
-
-_GDBN__ with a Remote EB29K
-
-* Comms (EB29K):: Communications Setup
-* gdb-EB29K:: EB29K cross-debugging
-* Remote Log:: Remote Log
-
-_GDBN__ and VxWorks
-
-* VxWorks connection:: Connecting to VxWorks
-* VxWorks download:: VxWorks Download
-* VxWorks attach:: Running Tasks
-
-Controlling _GDBN__
-
-* Prompt:: Prompt
-* Editing:: Command Editing
-* History:: Command History
-* Screen Size:: Screen Size
-* Numbers:: Numbers
-* Messages/Warnings:: Optional Warnings and Messages
-
-Canned Sequences of Commands
-
-* Define:: User-Defined Commands
-* Command Files:: Command Files
-* Output:: Commands for Controlled Output
-
-Reporting Bugs in _GDBN__
-
-* Bug Criteria:: Have You Found a Bug?
-* Bug Reporting:: How to Report Bugs
-@end menu
-
-@node Summary, New Features, Top, Top
-@unnumbered Summary of _GDBN__
-
-The purpose of a debugger such as _GDBN__ is to allow you to see what is
-going on ``inside'' another program while it executes---or what another
-program was doing at the moment it crashed.
-
-_GDBN__ can do four main kinds of things (plus other things in support of
-these) to help you catch bugs in the act:
-
-@itemize @bullet
-@item
-Start your program, specifying anything that might affect its behavior.
-
-@item
-Make your program stop on specified conditions.
-
-@item
-Examine what has happened, when your program has stopped.
-
-@item
-Change things in your program, so you can experiment with correcting the
-effects of one bug and go on to learn about another.
-@end itemize
-
-_GDBN__ can be used to debug programs written in C and C++. Pascal support
-is being implemented, and Fortran support will be added when a GNU
-Fortran compiler is ready.
-
-@menu
-* Free Software:: Free Software
-* Contributors:: Contributors to GDB
-@end menu
-
-@node Free Software, Contributors, Summary, Summary
-@unnumberedsec Free Software
-_GDBN__ is @dfn{free software}, protected by the GNU General Public License (GPL).
-The GPL gives you the freedom to copy or adapt a licensed
-program---but every person getting a copy also gets with it the
-freedom to modify that copy (which means that they must get access to
-the source code), and the freedom to distribute further copies.
-Typical software companies use copyrights to limit your freedoms; the
-Free Software Foundation uses the GPL to preserve these freedoms.
-
-Fundamentally, the General Public License is a license which says that
-you have these freedoms and that you can't take these freedoms away
-from anyone else.
-
-@c FIXME: (passim) go through all xrefs, expanding to use text headings
-For full details, @pxref{Copying}.
-@node Contributors, , Free Software, Summary
-@unnumberedsec Contributors to GDB
-
-Richard Stallman was the original author of GDB, as with many GNU
-programs. Many others have contributed to its development. This
-section attempts to credit major contributors. One of the virtues of
-free software is that everyone is free to contribute to it; with
-regret, we cannot actually acknowledge everyone here. The file
-@file{ChangeLog} in the GDB distribution approximates a blow-by-blow
-account.
-
-Changes much prior to version 2.0 are lost in the mists of time.
-
-@quotation
-@emph{Plea:} Additions to this section are particularly welcome. If you
-or your friends (or enemies; let's be evenhanded) have been unfairly
-omitted from this list, we would like to add your names!
-@end quotation
-
-So that they may not regard their long labor as thankless, we
-particularly thank those who shepherded GDB through major releases:
-John Gilmore (release 4.0); Jim Kingdon (releases 3.9, 3.5, 3.4, 3.3);
-and Randy Smith (releases 3.2, 3.1, 3.0). As major maintainer of GDB
-for some period, each contributed significantly to the structure,
-stability, and capabilities of the entire debugger.
-
-Richard Stallman, assisted at various times by Pete TerMaat, Chris
-Hanson, and Richard Mlynarik, handled releases through 2.8.
-
-Michael Tiemann is the author of most of the GNU C++ support in GDB,
-with significant additional contributions from Per Bothner. James
-Clark wrote the GNU C++ demangler. Early work on C++ was by Peter
-TerMaat (who also did much general update work leading to release 3.0).
-
-GDB 4.0 uses the BFD subroutine library to examine multiple
-object-file formats; BFD was a joint project of V. Gumby
-Henkel-Wallace, Rich Pixley, Steve Chamberlain, and John Gilmore.
-
-David Johnson wrote the original COFF support; Pace Willison did
-the original support for encapsulated COFF.
-
-Adam de Boor and Bradley Davis contributed the ISI Optimum V support.
-Per Bothner, Noboyuki Hikichi, and Alessandro Forin contributed MIPS
-support. Jean-Daniel Fekete contributed Sun 386i support. Chris
-Hanson improved the HP9000 support. Noboyuki Hikichi and Tomoyuki
-Hasei contributed Sony/News OS 3 support. David Johnson contributed
-Encore Umax support. Jyrki Kuoppala contributed Altos 3068 support.
-Keith Packard contributed NS32K support. Doug Rabson contributed
-Acorn Risc Machine support. Chris Smith contributed Convex support
-(and Fortran debugging). Jonathan Stone contributed Pyramid support.
-Michael Tiemann contributed SPARC support. Tim Tucker contributed
-support for the Gould NP1 and Gould Powernode. Pace Willison
-contributed Intel 386 support. Jay Vosburgh contributed Symmetry
-support.
-
-Rich Schaefer helped with support of SunOS shared libraries.
-
-Jay Fenlason and Roland McGrath ensured that GDB and GAS agree about
-several machine instruction sets.
-
-Patrick Duval, Ted Goldstein, Vikram Koka and Glenn Engel helped
-develop remote debugging. Intel Corporation and Wind River Systems
-contributed remote debugging modules for their products.
-
-Brian Fox is the author of the readline libraries providing
-command-line editing and command history.
-
-@node New Features, Sample Session, Summary, Top
-@unnumbered New Features since _GDBN__ version 3.5
-
-@table @emph
-@item Targets
-Using the new command @code{target}, you can select at runtime whether
-you are debugging local files, local processes, standalone systems over
-a serial port, realtime systems over a TCP/IP connection, etc.
-Internally, _GDBN__ now uses a function vector to mediate access to
-different targets; if you need to add your own support for a remote
-protocol, this makes it much easier.
-
-@item Watchpoints
-_GDBN__ now sports watchpoints as well as breakpoints. You can use a
-watchpoint to stop execution whenever the value of an expression
-changes, without having to predict a particular place in your program
-where this may happen.
-
-@item Object Code Formats
-_GDBN__ uses a new scheme called Binary File Descriptors (BFD) to permit
-it to switch dynamically, without reconfiguration or recompilation,
-between different object-file formats. Formats currently supported are
-COFF, a.out, and the Intel 960 b.out; files may be read as .o's, archive
-libraries, or core dumps. BFD is available as a subroutine library so
-that other programs may take advantage of it, and the other GNU binary
-utilities are being converted to use it.
-
-@item Configuration
-Compile-time configuration (to select a particular architecture and
-operating system) is much easier. The script @code{config.gdb} now
-handles specification of separate host and target configurations.
-
-@item Interaction
-The user interface to _GDBN__'s control variables has been simplified
-and consolidated in two commands, @code{set} and @code{show}. Output
-lines are now broken at readable places, rather than overflowing onto
-the next line. You can suppress output of machine-level addresses,
-displaying only source language information.
-
-
-@item Source Language
-_GDBN__ now has limited support for C++ exception handling: _GDBN__ can
-break when an exception is raised, before the stack is peeled back to
-the exception handler's context.
-
-@item Command Rationalization
-Many _GDBN__ commands have been renamed to make them easier to remember
-and use. In particular, the subcommands of @code{info} and
-@code{show}/@code{set} are grouped to make the former refer to the state
-of your program, and the latter refer to the state of _GDBN__ itself.
-@xref{Renamed Commands}, for details on what commands were renamed.
-
-@item Ports
-_GDBN__ has been ported to the following new architectures: AT&T 3b1,
-Acorn RISC machine, HP300 running HPUX, big- and little-endian MIPS
-machines, Motorola 88k, Sun 386i, and Sun 3 running SunOS 4. In
-addition, the following are supported as targets only: AMD 29k, Intel
-960, and Wind River's VxWorks.
-
-@item Shared Libraries
-_GDBN__ 4.0 supports SunOS shared libraries.
-
-@item Work in Progress
-Kernel debugging for BSD and Mach systems; Tahoe and HPPA architecture
-support.
-
-@end table
-