// Copyright 2011 The Go Authors. All rights reserved.
// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
package csv
import (
"errors"
"fmt"
"io"
"reflect"
"strings"
"testing"
"unicode/utf8"
)
type readTest struct {
Name string
Input string
Output [][]string
Positions [][][2]int
Errors []error
// These fields are copied into the Reader
Comma rune
Comment rune
UseFieldsPerRecord bool // false (default) means FieldsPerRecord is -1
FieldsPerRecord int
LazyQuotes bool
TrimLeadingSpace bool
ReuseRecord bool
}
// In these tests, the §, ¶ and ∑ characters in readTest.Input are used to denote
// the start of a field, a record boundary and the position of an error respectively.
// They are removed before parsing and are used to verify the position
// information reported by FieldPos.
var readTests = []readTest{{
Name: "Simple",
Input: "§a,§b,§c\n",
Output: [][]string{{"a", "b", "c"}},
}, {
Name: "CRLF",
Input: "§a,§b\r\n¶§c,§d\r\n",
Output: [][]string{{"a", "b"}, {"c", "d"}},
}, {
Name: "BareCR",
Input: "§a,§b\rc,§d\r\n",
Output: [][]string{{"a", "b\rc", "d"}},
}, {
Name: "RFC4180test",
Input: `§#field1,§field2,§field3
¶§"aaa",§"bb
b",§"ccc"
¶§"a,a",§"b""bb",§"ccc"
¶§zzz,§yyy,§xxx
`,
Output: [][]string{
{"#field1", "field2", "field3"},
{"aaa", "bb\nb", "ccc"},
{"a,a", `b"bb`, "ccc"},
{"zzz", "yyy", "xxx"},
},
UseFieldsPerRecord: true,
FieldsPerRecord: 0,
}, {
Name: "NoEOLTest",
Input: "§a,§b,§c",
Output: [][]string{{"a", "b", "c"}},
}, {
Name: "Semicolon",
Input: "§a;§b;§c\n",
Output: [][]string{{"a", "b", "c"}},
Comma: ';',
}, {
Name: "MultiLine",
Input: `§"two
line",§"one line",§"three
line
field"`,
Output: [][]string{{"two\nline", "one line", "three\nline\nfield"}},
}, {
Name: "BlankLine",
Input: "§a,§b,§c\n\n¶§d,§e,§f\n\n",
Output: [][]string{
{"a", "b", "c"},
{"d", "e", "f"},
},
}, {
Name: "BlankLineFieldCount",
Input: "§a,§b,§c\n\n¶§d,§e,§f\n\n",
Output: [][]string{
{"a", "b", "c"},
{"d", "e", "f"},
},
UseFieldsPerRecord: true,
FieldsPerRecord: 0,
}, {
Name: "TrimSpace",
Input: " §a, §b, §c\n",
Output: [][]string{{"a", "b", "c"}},
TrimLeadingSpace: true,
}, {
Name: "LeadingSpace",
Input: "§ a,§ b,§ c\n",
Output: [][]string{{" a", " b", " c"}},
}, {
Name: "Comment",
Input: "#1,2,3\n§a,§b,§c\n#comment",
Output: [][]string{{"a", "b", "c"}},
Comment: '#',
}, {
Name: "NoComment",
Input: "§#1,§2,§3\n¶§a,§b,§c",
Output: [][]string{{"#1", "2", "3"}, {"a", "b", "c"}},
}, {
Name: "LazyQuotes",
Input: `§a "word",§"1"2",§a",§"b`,
Output: [][]string{{`a "word"`, `1"2`, `a"`, `b`}},
LazyQuotes: true,
}, {
Name: "BareQuotes",
Input: `§a "word",§"1"2",§a"`,
Output: [][]string{{`a "word"`, `1"2`, `a"`}},
LazyQuotes: true,
}, {
Name: "BareDoubleQuotes",
Input: `§a""b,§c`,
Output: [][]string{{`a""b`, `c`}},
LazyQuotes: true,
}, {
Name: "BadDoubleQuotes",
Input: `§a∑""b,c`,
Errors: []error{&ParseError{Err: ErrBareQuote}},
}, {
Name: "TrimQuote",
Input: ` §"a",§" b",§c`,
Output: [][]string{{"a", " b", "c"}},
TrimLeadingSpace: true,
}, {
Name: "BadBareQuote",
Input: `§a ∑"word","b"`,
Errors: []error{&ParseError{Err: ErrBareQuote}},
}, {
Name: "BadTrailingQuote",
Input: `§"a word",b∑"`,
Errors: []error{&ParseError{Err: ErrBareQuote}},
}, {
Name: "ExtraneousQuote",
Input: `§"a ∑"word","b"`,
Errors: []error{&ParseError{Err: ErrQuote}},
}, {
Name: "BadFieldCount",
Input: "§a,§b,§c\n¶∑§d,§e",
Errors: []error{nil, &ParseError{Err: ErrFieldCount}},
Output: [][]string{{"a", "b", "c"}, {"d", "e"}},
UseFieldsPerRecord: true,
FieldsPerRecord: 0,
}, {
Name: "BadFieldCountMultiple",
Input: "§a,§b,§c\n¶∑§d,§e\n¶∑§f",
Errors: []error{nil, &ParseError{Err: ErrFieldCount}, &ParseError{Err: ErrFieldCount}},
Output: [][]string{{"a", "b", "c"}, {"d", "e"}, {"f"}},
UseFieldsPerRecord: true,
FieldsPerRecord: 0,
}, {
Name: "BadFieldCount1",
Input: `§∑a,§b,§c`,
Errors: []error{&ParseError{Err: ErrFieldCount}},
Output: [][]string{{"a", "b", "c"}},
UseFieldsPerRecord: true,
FieldsPerRecord: 2,
}, {
Name: "FieldCount",
Input: "§a,§b,§c\n¶§d,§e",
Output: [][]string{{"a", "b", "c"}, {"d", "e"}},
}, {
Name: "TrailingCommaEOF",
Input: "§a,§b,§c,§",
Output: [][]string{{"a", "b", "c", ""}},
}, {
Name: "TrailingCommaEOL",
Input: "§a,§b,§c,§\n",
Output: [][]string{{"a", "b", "c", ""}},
}, {
Name: "TrailingCommaSpaceEOF",
Input: "§a,§b,§c, §",
Output: [][]string{{"a", "b", "c", ""}},
TrimLeadingSpace: true,
}, {
Name: "TrailingCommaSpaceEOL",
Input: "§a,§b,§c, §\n",
Output: [][]string{{"a", "b", "c", ""}},
TrimLeadingSpace: true,
}, {
Name: "TrailingCommaLine3",
Input: "§a,§b,§c\n¶§d,§e,§f\n¶§g,§hi,§",
Output: [][]string{{"a", "b", "c"}, {"d", "e", "f"}, {"g", "hi", ""}},
TrimLeadingSpace: true,
}, {
Name: "NotTrailingComma3",
Input: "§a,§b,§c,§ \n",
Output: [][]string{{"a", "b", "c", " "}},
}, {
Name: "CommaFieldTest",
Input: `§x,§y,§z,§w
¶§x,§y,§z,§
¶§x,§y,§,§
¶§x,§,§,§
¶§,§,§,§
¶§"x",§"y",§"z",§"w"
¶§"x",§"y",§"z",§""
¶§"x",§"y",§"",§""
¶§"x",§"",§"",§""
¶§"",§"",§"",§""
`,
Output: [][]string{
{"x", "y", "z", "w"},
{"x", "y", "z", ""},
{"x", "y", "", ""},
{"x", "", "", ""},
{"", "", "", ""},
{"x", "y", "z", "w"},
{"x", "y", "z", ""},
{"x", "y", "", ""},
{"x", "", "", ""},
{"", "", "", ""},
},
}, {
Name: "TrailingCommaIneffective1",
Input: "§a,§b,§\n¶§c,§d,§e",
Output: [][]string{
{"a", "b", ""},
{"c", "d", "e"},
},
TrimLeadingSpace: true,
}, {
Name: "ReadAllReuseRecord",
Input: "§a,§b\n¶§c,§d",
Output: [][]string{
{"a", "b"},
{"c", "d"},
},
ReuseRecord: true,
}, {
Name: "StartLine1", // Issue 19019
Input: "§a,\"b\nc∑\"d,e",
Errors: []error{&ParseError{Err: ErrQuote}},
}, {
Name: "StartLine2",
Input: "§a,§b\n¶§\"d\n\n,e∑",
Errors: []error{nil, &ParseError{Err: ErrQuote}},
Output: [][]string{{"a", "b"}},
}, {
Name: "CRLFInQuotedField", // Issue 21201
Input: "§A,§\"Hello\r\nHi\",§B\r\n",
Output: [][]string{
{"A", "Hello\nHi", "B"},
},
}, {
Name: "BinaryBlobField", // Issue 19410
Input: "§x09\x41\xb4\x1c,§aktau",
Output: [][]string{{"x09A\xb4\x1c", "aktau"}},
}, {
Name: "TrailingCR",
Input: "§field1,§field2\r",
Output: [][]string{{"field1", "field2"}},
}, {
Name: "QuotedTrailingCR",
Input: "§\"field\"\r",
Output: [][]string{{"field"}},
}, {
Name: "QuotedTrailingCRCR",
Input: "§\"field∑\"\r\r",
Errors: []error{&ParseError{Err: ErrQuote}},
}, {
Name: "FieldCR",
Input: "§field\rfield\r",
Output: [][]string{{"field\rfield"}},
}, {
Name: "FieldCRCR",
Input: "§field\r\rfield\r\r",
Output: [][]string{{"field\r\rfield\r"}},
}, {
Name: "FieldCRCRLF",
Input: "§field\r\r\n¶§field\r\r\n",
Output: [][]string{{"field\r"}, {"field\r"}},
}, {
Name: "FieldCRCRLFCR",
Input: "§field\r\r\n¶§\rfield\r\r\n\r",
Output: [][]string{{"field\r"}, {"\rfield\r"}},
}, {
Name: "FieldCRCRLFCRCR",
Input: "§field\r\r\n¶§\r\rfield\r\r\n¶§\r\r",
Output: [][]string{{"field\r"}, {"\r\rfield\r"}, {"\r"}},
}, {
Name: "MultiFieldCRCRLFCRCR",
Input: "§field1,§field2\r\r\n¶§\r\rfield1,§field2\r\r\n¶§\r\r,§",
Output: [][]string{
{"field1", "field2\r"},
{"\r\rfield1", "field2\r"},
{"\r\r", ""},
},
}, {
Name: "NonASCIICommaAndComment",
Input: "§a£§b,c£ \t§d,e\n€ comment\n",
Output: [][]string{{"a", "b,c", "d,e"}},
TrimLeadingSpace: true,
Comma: '£',
Comment: '€',
}, {
Name: "NonASCIICommaAndCommentWithQuotes",
Input: "§a€§\" b,\"€§ c\nλ comment\n",
Output: [][]string{{"a", " b,", " c"}},
Comma: '€',
Comment: 'λ',
}, {
// λ and θ start with the same byte.
// This tests that the parser doesn't confuse such characters.
Name: "NonASCIICommaConfusion",
Input: "§\"abθcd\"λ§efθgh",
Output: [][]string{{"abθcd", "efθgh"}},
Comma: 'λ',
Comment: '€',
}, {
Name: "NonASCIICommentConfusion",
Input: "§λ\n¶§λ\nθ\n¶§λ\n",
Output: [][]string{{"λ"}, {"λ"}, {"λ"}},
Comment: 'θ',
}, {
Name: "QuotedFieldMultipleLF",
Input: "§\"\n\n\n\n\"",
Output: [][]string{{"\n\n\n\n"}},
}, {
Name: "MultipleCRLF",
Input: "\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n",
}, {
// The implementation may read each line in several chunks if it doesn't fit entirely
// in the read buffer, so we should test the code to handle that condition.
Name: "HugeLines",
Input: strings.Repeat("#ignore\n", 10000) + "§" + strings.Repeat("@", 5000) + ",§" + strings.Repeat("*", 5000),
Output: [][]string{{strings.Repeat("@", 5000), strings.Repeat("*", 5000)}},
Comment: '#',
}, {
Name: "QuoteWithTrailingCRLF",
Input: "§\"foo∑\"bar\"\r\n",
Errors: []error{&ParseError{Err: ErrQuote}},
}, {
Name: "LazyQuoteWithTrailingCRLF",
Input: "§\"foo\"bar\"\r\n",
Output: [][]string{{`foo"bar`}},
LazyQuotes: true,
}, {
Name: "DoubleQuoteWithTrailingCRLF",
Input: "§\"foo\"\"bar\"\r\n",
Output: [][]string{{`foo"bar`}},
}, {
Name: "EvenQuotes",
Input: `§""""""""`,
Output: [][]string{{`"""`}},
}, {
Name: "OddQuotes",
Input: `§"""""""∑`,
Errors: []error{&ParseError{Err: ErrQuote}},
}, {
Name: "LazyOddQuotes",
Input: `§"""""""`,
Output: [][]string{{`"""`}},
LazyQuotes: true,
}, {
Name: "BadComma1",
Comma: '\n',
Errors: []error{errInvalidDelim},
}, {
Name: "BadComma2",
Comma: '\r',
Errors: []error{errInvalidDelim},
}, {
Name: "BadComma3",
Comma: '"',
Errors: []error{errInvalidDelim},
}, {
Name: "BadComma4",
Comma: utf8.RuneError,
Errors: []error{errInvalidDelim},
}, {
Name: "BadComment1",
Comment: '\n',
Errors: []error{errInvalidDelim},
}, {
Name: "BadComment2",
Comment: '\r',
Errors: []error{errInvalidDelim},
}, {
Name: "BadComment3",
Comment: utf8.RuneError,
Errors: []error{errInvalidDelim},
}, {
Name: "BadCommaComment",
Comma: 'X',
Comment: 'X',
Errors: []error{errInvalidDelim},
}}
func TestRead(t *testing.T) {
newReader := func(tt readTest) (*Reader, [][][2]int, map[int][2]int) {
positions, errPositions, input := makePositions(tt.Input)
r := NewReader(strings.NewReader(input))
if tt.Comma != 0 {
r.Comma = tt.Comma
}
r.Comment = tt.Comment
if tt.UseFieldsPerRecord {
r.FieldsPerRecord = tt.FieldsPerRecord
} else {
r.FieldsPerRecord = -1
}
r.LazyQuotes = tt.LazyQuotes
r.TrimLeadingSpace = tt.TrimLeadingSpace
r.ReuseRecord = tt.ReuseRecord
return r, positions, errPositions
}
for _, tt := range readTests {
t.Run(tt.Name, func(t *testing.T) {
r, positions, errPositions := newReader(tt)
out, err := r.ReadAll()
if wantErr := firstError(tt.Errors, positions, errPositions); wantErr != nil {
if !reflect.DeepEqual(err, wantErr) {
t.Fatalf("ReadAll() error mismatch:\ngot %v (%#v)\nwant %v (%#v)", err, err, wantErr, wantErr)
}
if out != nil {
t.Fatalf("ReadAll() output:\ngot %q\nwant nil", out)
}
} else {
if err != nil {
t.Fatalf("unexpected Readall() error: %v", err)
}
if !reflect.DeepEqual(out, tt.Output) {
t.Fatalf("ReadAll() output:\ngot %q\nwant %q", out, tt.Output)
}
}
// Check field and error positions.
r, _, _ = newReader(tt)
for recNum := 0; ; recNum++ {
rec, err := r.Read()
var wantErr error
if recNum < len(tt.Errors) && tt.Errors[recNum] != nil {
wantErr = errorWithPosition(tt.Errors[recNum], recNum, positions, errPositions)
} else if recNum >= len(tt.Output) {
wantErr = io.EOF
}
if !reflect.DeepEqual(err, wantErr) {
t.Fatalf("Read() error at record %d:\ngot %v (%#v)\nwant %v (%#v)", recNum, err, err, wantErr, wantErr)
}
// ErrFieldCount is explicitly non-fatal.
if err != nil && !errors.Is(err, ErrFieldCount) {
if recNum < len(tt.Output) {
t.Fatalf("need more records; got %d want %d", recNum, len(tt.Output))
}
break
}
if got, want := rec, tt.Output[recNum]; !reflect.DeepEqual(got, want) {
t.Errorf("Read vs ReadAll mismatch;\ngot %q\nwant %q", got, want)
}
pos := positions[recNum]
if len(pos) != len(rec) {
t.Fatalf("mismatched position length at record %d", recNum)
}
for i := range rec {
line, col := r.FieldPos(i)
if got, want := [2]int{line, col}, pos[i]; got != want {
t.Errorf("position mismatch at record %d, field %d;\ngot %v\nwant %v", recNum, i, got, want)
}
}
}
})
}
}
// firstError returns the first non-nil error in errs,
// with the position adjusted according to the error's
// index inside positions.
func firstError(errs []error, positions [][][2]int, errPositions map[int][2]int) error {
for i, err := range errs {
if err != nil {
return errorWithPosition(err, i, positions, errPositions)
}
}
return nil
}
func errorWithPosition(err error, recNum int, positions [][][2]int, errPositions map[int][2]int) error {
parseErr, ok := err.(*ParseError)
if !ok {
return err
}
if recNum >= len(positions) {
panic(fmt.Errorf("no positions found for error at record %d", recNum))
}
errPos, ok := errPositions[recNum]
if !ok {
panic(fmt.Errorf("no error position found for error at record %d", recNum))
}
parseErr1 := *parseErr
parseErr1.StartLine = positions[recNum][0][0]
parseErr1.Line = errPos[0]
parseErr1.Column = errPos[1]
return &parseErr1
}
// makePositions returns the expected field positions of all
// the fields in text, the positions of any errors, and the text with the position markers
// removed.
//
// The start of each field is marked with a § symbol;
// CSV lines are separated by ¶ symbols;
// Error positions are marked with ∑ symbols.
func makePositions(text string) ([][][2]int, map[int][2]int, string) {
buf := make([]byte, 0, len(text))
var positions [][][2]int
errPositions := make(map[int][2]int)
line, col := 1, 1
recNum := 0
for len(text) > 0 {
r, size := utf8.DecodeRuneInString(text)
switch r {
case '\n':
line++
col = 1
buf = append(buf, '\n')
case '§':
if len(positions) == 0 {
positions = append(positions, [][2]int{})
}
positions[len(positions)-1] = append(positions[len(positions)-1], [2]int{line, col})
case '¶':
positions = append(positions, [][2]int{})
recNum++
case '∑':
errPositions[recNum] = [2]int{line, col}
default:
buf = append(buf, text[:size]...)
col += size
}
text = text[size:]
}
return positions, errPositions, string(buf)
}
// nTimes is an io.Reader which yields the string s n times.
type nTimes struct {
s string
n int
off int
}
func (r *nTimes) Read(p []byte) (n int, err error) {
for {
if r.n <= 0 || r.s == "" {
return n, io.EOF
}
n0 := copy(p, r.s[r.off:])
p = p[n0:]
n += n0
r.off += n0
if r.off == len(r.s) {
r.off = 0
r.n--
}
if len(p) == 0 {
return
}
}
}
// benchmarkRead measures reading the provided CSV rows data.
// initReader, if non-nil, modifies the Reader before it's used.
func benchmarkRead(b *testing.B, initReader func(*Reader), rows string) {
b.ReportAllocs()
r := NewReader(&nTimes{s: rows, n: b.N})
if initReader != nil {
initReader(r)
}
for {
_, err := r.Read()
if err == io.EOF {
break
}
if err != nil {
b.Fatal(err)
}
}
}
const benchmarkCSVData = `x,y,z,w
x,y,z,
x,y,,
x,,,
,,,
"x","y","z","w"
"x","y","z",""
"x","y","",""
"x","","",""
"","","",""
`
func BenchmarkRead(b *testing.B) {
benchmarkRead(b, nil, benchmarkCSVData)
}
func BenchmarkReadWithFieldsPerRecord(b *testing.B) {
benchmarkRead(b, func(r *Reader) { r.FieldsPerRecord = 4 }, benchmarkCSVData)
}
func BenchmarkReadWithoutFieldsPerRecord(b *testing.B) {
benchmarkRead(b, func(r *Reader) { r.FieldsPerRecord = -1 }, benchmarkCSVData)
}
func BenchmarkReadLargeFields(b *testing.B) {
benchmarkRead(b, nil, strings.Repeat(`xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx,yyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy,zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz,wwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwww,vvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvv
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx,yyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy,zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz,wwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwww,vvvv
,,zzzz,wwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwww,vvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvv
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx,yyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy,zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz,wwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwww,vvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvv
`, 3))
}
func BenchmarkReadReuseRecord(b *testing.B) {
benchmarkRead(b, func(r *Reader) { r.ReuseRecord = true }, benchmarkCSVData)
}
func BenchmarkReadReuseRecordWithFieldsPerRecord(b *testing.B) {
benchmarkRead(b, func(r *Reader) { r.ReuseRecord = true; r.FieldsPerRecord = 4 }, benchmarkCSVData)
}
func BenchmarkReadReuseRecordWithoutFieldsPerRecord(b *testing.B) {
benchmarkRead(b, func(r *Reader) { r.ReuseRecord = true; r.FieldsPerRecord = -1 }, benchmarkCSVData)
}
func BenchmarkReadReuseRecordLargeFields(b *testing.B) {
benchmarkRead(b, func(r *Reader) { r.ReuseRecord = true }, strings.Repeat(`xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx,yyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy,zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz,wwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwww,vvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvv
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx,yyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy,zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz,wwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwww,vvvv
,,zzzz,wwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwww,vvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvv
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx,yyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy,zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz,wwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwww,vvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvv
`, 3))
}