/* Copyright (C) 2016-2019 Free Software Foundation, Inc. Contributed by Martin Sebor . This file is part of GCC. GCC is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 3, or (at your option) any later version. GCC is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details. You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with GCC; see the file COPYING3. If not see . */ /* This file implements the printf-return-value pass. The pass does two things: 1) it analyzes calls to formatted output functions like sprintf looking for possible buffer overflows and calls to bounded functions like snprintf for early truncation (and under the control of the -Wformat-length option issues warnings), and 2) under the control of the -fprintf-return-value option it folds the return value of safe calls into constants, making it possible to eliminate code that depends on the value of those constants. For all functions (bounded or not) the pass uses the size of the destination object. That means that it will diagnose calls to snprintf not on the basis of the size specified by the function's second argument but rathger on the basis of the size the first argument points to (if possible). For bound-checking built-ins like __builtin___snprintf_chk the pass uses the size typically determined by __builtin_object_size and passed to the built-in by the Glibc inline wrapper. The pass handles all forms standard sprintf format directives, including character, integer, floating point, pointer, and strings, with the standard C flags, widths, and precisions. For integers and strings it computes the length of output itself. For floating point it uses MPFR to fornmat known constants with up and down rounding and uses the resulting range of output lengths. For strings it uses the length of string literals and the sizes of character arrays that a character pointer may point to as a bound on the longest string. */ #include "config.h" #include "system.h" #include "coretypes.h" #include "backend.h" #include "tree.h" #include "gimple.h" #include "tree-pass.h" #include "ssa.h" #include "gimple-fold.h" #include "gimple-pretty-print.h" #include "diagnostic-core.h" #include "fold-const.h" #include "gimple-iterator.h" #include "tree-ssa.h" #include "tree-object-size.h" #include "params.h" #include "tree-cfg.h" #include "tree-ssa-propagate.h" #include "calls.h" #include "cfgloop.h" #include "tree-scalar-evolution.h" #include "tree-ssa-loop.h" #include "intl.h" #include "langhooks.h" #include "attribs.h" #include "builtins.h" #include "stor-layout.h" #include "realmpfr.h" #include "target.h" #include "cpplib.h" #include "input.h" #include "toplev.h" #include "substring-locations.h" #include "diagnostic.h" #include "domwalk.h" #include "alloc-pool.h" #include "vr-values.h" #include "gimple-ssa-evrp-analyze.h" /* The likely worst case value of MB_LEN_MAX for the target, large enough for UTF-8. Ideally, this would be obtained by a target hook if it were to be used for optimization but it's good enough as is for warnings. */ #define target_mb_len_max() 6 /* The maximum number of bytes a single non-string directive can result in. This is the result of printf("%.*Lf", INT_MAX, -LDBL_MAX) for LDBL_MAX_10_EXP of 4932. */ #define IEEE_MAX_10_EXP 4932 #define target_dir_max() (target_int_max () + IEEE_MAX_10_EXP + 2) namespace { const pass_data pass_data_sprintf_length = { GIMPLE_PASS, // pass type "printf-return-value", // pass name OPTGROUP_NONE, // optinfo_flags TV_NONE, // tv_id PROP_cfg, // properties_required 0, // properties_provided 0, // properties_destroyed 0, // properties_start 0, // properties_finish }; /* Set to the warning level for the current function which is equal either to warn_format_trunc for bounded functions or to warn_format_overflow otherwise. */ static int warn_level; struct format_result; class sprintf_dom_walker : public dom_walker { public: sprintf_dom_walker () : dom_walker (CDI_DOMINATORS), evrp_range_analyzer (false) {} ~sprintf_dom_walker () {} edge before_dom_children (basic_block) FINAL OVERRIDE; void after_dom_children (basic_block) FINAL OVERRIDE; bool handle_gimple_call (gimple_stmt_iterator *); struct call_info; bool compute_format_length (call_info &, format_result *); class evrp_range_analyzer evrp_range_analyzer; }; class pass_sprintf_length : public gimple_opt_pass { bool fold_return_value; public: pass_sprintf_length (gcc::context *ctxt) : gimple_opt_pass (pass_data_sprintf_length, ctxt), fold_return_value (false) { } opt_pass * clone () { return new pass_sprintf_length (m_ctxt); } virtual bool gate (function *); virtual unsigned int execute (function *); void set_pass_param (unsigned int n, bool param) { gcc_assert (n == 0); fold_return_value = param; } }; bool pass_sprintf_length::gate (function *) { /* Run the pass iff -Warn-format-overflow or -Warn-format-truncation is specified and either not optimizing and the pass is being invoked early, or when optimizing and the pass is being invoked during optimization (i.e., "late"). */ return ((warn_format_overflow > 0 || warn_format_trunc > 0 || flag_printf_return_value) && (optimize > 0) == fold_return_value); } /* The minimum, maximum, likely, and unlikely maximum number of bytes of output either a formatting function or an individual directive can result in. */ struct result_range { /* The absolute minimum number of bytes. The result of a successful conversion is guaranteed to be no less than this. (An erroneous conversion can be indicated by MIN > HOST_WIDE_INT_MAX.) */ unsigned HOST_WIDE_INT min; /* The likely maximum result that is used in diagnostics. In most cases MAX is the same as the worst case UNLIKELY result. */ unsigned HOST_WIDE_INT max; /* The likely result used to trigger diagnostics. For conversions that result in a range of bytes [MIN, MAX], LIKELY is somewhere in that range. */ unsigned HOST_WIDE_INT likely; /* In rare cases (e.g., for nultibyte characters) UNLIKELY gives the worst cases maximum result of a directive. In most cases UNLIKELY == MAX. UNLIKELY is used to control the return value optimization but not in diagnostics. */ unsigned HOST_WIDE_INT unlikely; }; /* The result of a call to a formatted function. */ struct format_result { /* Range of characters written by the formatted function. Setting the minimum to HOST_WIDE_INT_MAX disables all length tracking for the remainder of the format string. */ result_range range; /* True when the range above is obtained from known values of directive arguments, or bounds on the amount of output such as width and precision, and not the result of heuristics that depend on warning levels. It's used to issue stricter diagnostics in cases where strings of unknown lengths are bounded by the arrays they are determined to refer to. KNOWNRANGE must not be used for the return value optimization. */ bool knownrange; /* True if no individual directive could fail or result in more than 4095 bytes of output (the total NUMBER_CHARS_{MIN,MAX} might be greater). Implementations are not required to handle directives that produce more than 4K bytes (leading to undefined behavior) and so when one is found it disables the return value optimization. Similarly, directives that can fail (such as wide character directives) disable the optimization. */ bool posunder4k; /* True when a floating point directive has been seen in the format string. */ bool floating; /* True when an intermediate result has caused a warning. Used to avoid issuing duplicate warnings while finishing the processing of a call. WARNED also disables the return value optimization. */ bool warned; /* Preincrement the number of output characters by 1. */ format_result& operator++ () { return *this += 1; } /* Postincrement the number of output characters by 1. */ format_result operator++ (int) { format_result prev (*this); *this += 1; return prev; } /* Increment the number of output characters by N. */ format_result& operator+= (unsigned HOST_WIDE_INT); }; format_result& format_result::operator+= (unsigned HOST_WIDE_INT n) { gcc_assert (n < HOST_WIDE_INT_MAX); if (range.min < HOST_WIDE_INT_MAX) range.min += n; if (range.max < HOST_WIDE_INT_MAX) range.max += n; if (range.likely < HOST_WIDE_INT_MAX) range.likely += n; if (range.unlikely < HOST_WIDE_INT_MAX) range.unlikely += n; return *this; } /* Return the value of INT_MIN for the target. */ static inline HOST_WIDE_INT target_int_min () { return tree_to_shwi (TYPE_MIN_VALUE (integer_type_node)); } /* Return the value of INT_MAX for the target. */ static inline unsigned HOST_WIDE_INT target_int_max () { return tree_to_uhwi (TYPE_MAX_VALUE (integer_type_node)); } /* Return the value of SIZE_MAX for the target. */ static inline unsigned HOST_WIDE_INT target_size_max () { return tree_to_uhwi (TYPE_MAX_VALUE (size_type_node)); } /* A straightforward mapping from the execution character set to the host character set indexed by execution character. */ static char target_to_host_charmap[256]; /* Initialize a mapping from the execution character set to the host character set. */ static bool init_target_to_host_charmap () { /* If the percent sign is non-zero the mapping has already been initialized. */ if (target_to_host_charmap['%']) return true; /* Initialize the target_percent character (done elsewhere). */ if (!init_target_chars ()) return false; /* The subset of the source character set used by printf conversion specifications (strictly speaking, not all letters are used but they are included here for the sake of simplicity). The dollar sign must be included even though it's not in the basic source character set. */ const char srcset[] = " 0123456789!\"#%&'()*+,-./:;<=>?[\\]^_{|}~$" "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"; /* Set the mapping for all characters to some ordinary value (i,e., not none used in printf conversion specifications) and overwrite those that are used by conversion specifications with their corresponding values. */ memset (target_to_host_charmap + 1, '?', sizeof target_to_host_charmap - 1); /* Are the two sets of characters the same? */ bool all_same_p = true; for (const char *pc = srcset; *pc; ++pc) { /* Slice off the high end bits in case target characters are signed. All values are expected to be non-nul, otherwise there's a problem. */ if (unsigned char tc = lang_hooks.to_target_charset (*pc)) { target_to_host_charmap[tc] = *pc; if (tc != *pc) all_same_p = false; } else return false; } /* Set the first element to a non-zero value if the mapping is 1-to-1, otherwise leave it clear (NUL is assumed to be the same in both character sets). */ target_to_host_charmap[0] = all_same_p; return true; } /* Return the host source character corresponding to the character CH in the execution character set if one exists, or some innocuous (non-special, non-nul) source character otherwise. */ static inline unsigned char target_to_host (unsigned char ch) { return target_to_host_charmap[ch]; } /* Convert an initial substring of the string TARGSTR consisting of characters in the execution character set into a string in the source character set on the host and store up to HOSTSZ characters in the buffer pointed to by HOSTR. Return HOSTR. */ static const char* target_to_host (char *hostr, size_t hostsz, const char *targstr) { /* Make sure the buffer is reasonably big. */ gcc_assert (hostsz > 4); /* The interesting subset of source and execution characters are the same so no conversion is necessary. However, truncate overlong strings just like the translated strings are. */ if (target_to_host_charmap['\0'] == 1) { size_t len = strlen (targstr); if (len >= hostsz) { memcpy (hostr, targstr, hostsz - 4); strcpy (hostr + hostsz - 4, "..."); } else memcpy (hostr, targstr, len + 1); return hostr; } /* Convert the initial substring of TARGSTR to the corresponding characters in the host set, appending "..." if TARGSTR is too long to fit. Using the static buffer assumes the function is not called in between sequence points (which it isn't). */ for (char *ph = hostr; ; ++targstr) { *ph++ = target_to_host (*targstr); if (!*targstr) break; if (size_t (ph - hostr) == hostsz) { strcpy (ph - 4, "..."); break; } } return hostr; } /* Convert the sequence of decimal digits in the execution character starting at *PS to a HOST_WIDE_INT, analogously to strtol. Return the result and set *PS to one past the last converted character. On range error set ERANGE to the digit that caused it. */ static inline HOST_WIDE_INT target_strtowi (const char **ps, const char **erange) { unsigned HOST_WIDE_INT val = 0; for ( ; ; ++*ps) { unsigned char c = target_to_host (**ps); if (ISDIGIT (c)) { c -= '0'; /* Check for overflow. */ if (val > ((unsigned HOST_WIDE_INT) HOST_WIDE_INT_MAX - c) / 10LU) { val = HOST_WIDE_INT_MAX; *erange = *ps; /* Skip the remaining digits. */ do c = target_to_host (*++*ps); while (ISDIGIT (c)); break; } else val = val * 10 + c; } else break; } return val; } /* Given FORMAT, set *PLOC to the source location of the format string and return the format string if it is known or null otherwise. */ static const char* get_format_string (tree format, location_t *ploc) { *ploc = EXPR_LOC_OR_LOC (format, input_location); return c_getstr (format); } /* For convenience and brevity, shorter named entrypoints of format_string_diagnostic_t::emit_warning_va and format_string_diagnostic_t::emit_warning_n_va. These have to be functions with the attribute so that exgettext works properly. */ static bool ATTRIBUTE_GCC_DIAG (5, 6) fmtwarn (const substring_loc &fmt_loc, location_t param_loc, const char *corrected_substring, int opt, const char *gmsgid, ...) { format_string_diagnostic_t diag (fmt_loc, NULL, param_loc, NULL, corrected_substring); va_list ap; va_start (ap, gmsgid); bool warned = diag.emit_warning_va (opt, gmsgid, &ap); va_end (ap); return warned; } static bool ATTRIBUTE_GCC_DIAG (6, 8) ATTRIBUTE_GCC_DIAG (7, 8) fmtwarn_n (const substring_loc &fmt_loc, location_t param_loc, const char *corrected_substring, int opt, unsigned HOST_WIDE_INT n, const char *singular_gmsgid, const char *plural_gmsgid, ...) { format_string_diagnostic_t diag (fmt_loc, NULL, param_loc, NULL, corrected_substring); va_list ap; va_start (ap, plural_gmsgid); bool warned = diag.emit_warning_n_va (opt, n, singular_gmsgid, plural_gmsgid, &ap); va_end (ap); return warned; } /* Format length modifiers. */ enum format_lengths { FMT_LEN_none, FMT_LEN_hh, // char argument FMT_LEN_h, // short FMT_LEN_l, // long FMT_LEN_ll, // long long FMT_LEN_L, // long double (and GNU long long) FMT_LEN_z, // size_t FMT_LEN_t, // ptrdiff_t FMT_LEN_j // intmax_t }; /* Description of the result of conversion either of a single directive or the whole format string. */ struct fmtresult { /* Construct a FMTRESULT object with all counters initialized to MIN. KNOWNRANGE is set when MIN is valid. */ fmtresult (unsigned HOST_WIDE_INT min = HOST_WIDE_INT_MAX) : argmin (), argmax (), nonstr (), knownrange (min < HOST_WIDE_INT_MAX), mayfail (), nullp () { range.min = min; range.max = min; range.likely = min; range.unlikely = min; } /* Construct a FMTRESULT object with MIN, MAX, and LIKELY counters. KNOWNRANGE is set when both MIN and MAX are valid. */ fmtresult (unsigned HOST_WIDE_INT min, unsigned HOST_WIDE_INT max, unsigned HOST_WIDE_INT likely = HOST_WIDE_INT_MAX) : argmin (), argmax (), nonstr (), knownrange (min < HOST_WIDE_INT_MAX && max < HOST_WIDE_INT_MAX), mayfail (), nullp () { range.min = min; range.max = max; range.likely = max < likely ? min : likely; range.unlikely = max; } /* Adjust result upward to reflect the RANGE of values the specified width or precision is known to be in. */ fmtresult& adjust_for_width_or_precision (const HOST_WIDE_INT[2], tree = NULL_TREE, unsigned = 0, unsigned = 0); /* Return the maximum number of decimal digits a value of TYPE formats as on output. */ static unsigned type_max_digits (tree, int); /* The range a directive's argument is in. */ tree argmin, argmax; /* The minimum and maximum number of bytes that a directive results in on output for an argument in the range above. */ result_range range; /* Non-nul when the argument of a string directive is not a nul terminated string. */ tree nonstr; /* True when the range above is obtained from a known value of a directive's argument or its bounds and not the result of heuristics that depend on warning levels. */ bool knownrange; /* True for a directive that may fail (such as wide character directives). */ bool mayfail; /* True when the argument is a null pointer. */ bool nullp; }; /* Adjust result upward to reflect the range ADJUST of values the specified width or precision is known to be in. When non-null, TYPE denotes the type of the directive whose result is being adjusted, BASE gives the base of the directive (octal, decimal, or hex), and ADJ denotes the additional adjustment to the LIKELY counter that may need to be added when ADJUST is a range. */ fmtresult& fmtresult::adjust_for_width_or_precision (const HOST_WIDE_INT adjust[2], tree type /* = NULL_TREE */, unsigned base /* = 0 */, unsigned adj /* = 0 */) { bool minadjusted = false; /* Adjust the minimum and likely counters. */ if (adjust[0] >= 0) { if (range.min < (unsigned HOST_WIDE_INT)adjust[0]) { range.min = adjust[0]; minadjusted = true; } /* Adjust the likely counter. */ if (range.likely < range.min) range.likely = range.min; } else if (adjust[0] == target_int_min () && (unsigned HOST_WIDE_INT)adjust[1] == target_int_max ()) knownrange = false; /* Adjust the maximum counter. */ if (adjust[1] > 0) { if (range.max < (unsigned HOST_WIDE_INT)adjust[1]) { range.max = adjust[1]; /* Set KNOWNRANGE if both the minimum and maximum have been adjusted. Otherwise leave it at what it was before. */ knownrange = minadjusted; } } if (warn_level > 1 && type) { /* For large non-constant width or precision whose range spans the maximum number of digits produced by the directive for any argument, set the likely number of bytes to be at most the number digits plus other adjustment determined by the caller (one for sign or two for the hexadecimal "0x" prefix). */ unsigned dirdigs = type_max_digits (type, base); if (adjust[0] < dirdigs && dirdigs < adjust[1] && range.likely < dirdigs) range.likely = dirdigs + adj; } else if (range.likely < (range.min ? range.min : 1)) { /* Conservatively, set LIKELY to at least MIN but no less than 1 unless MAX is zero. */ range.likely = (range.min ? range.min : range.max && (range.max < HOST_WIDE_INT_MAX || warn_level > 1) ? 1 : 0); } /* Finally adjust the unlikely counter to be at least as large as the maximum. */ if (range.unlikely < range.max) range.unlikely = range.max; return *this; } /* Return the maximum number of digits a value of TYPE formats in BASE on output, not counting base prefix . */ unsigned fmtresult::type_max_digits (tree type, int base) { unsigned prec = TYPE_PRECISION (type); switch (base) { case 8: return (prec + 2) / 3; case 10: /* Decimal approximation: yields 3, 5, 10, and 20 for precision of 8, 16, 32, and 64 bits. */ return prec * 301 / 1000 + 1; case 16: return prec / 4; } gcc_unreachable (); } static bool get_int_range (tree, HOST_WIDE_INT *, HOST_WIDE_INT *, bool, HOST_WIDE_INT, class vr_values *vr_values); /* Description of a format directive. A directive is either a plain string or a conversion specification that starts with '%'. */ struct directive { /* The 1-based directive number (for debugging). */ unsigned dirno; /* The first character of the directive and its length. */ const char *beg; size_t len; /* A bitmap of flags, one for each character. */ unsigned flags[256 / sizeof (int)]; /* The range of values of the specified width, or -1 if not specified. */ HOST_WIDE_INT width[2]; /* The range of values of the specified precision, or -1 if not specified. */ HOST_WIDE_INT prec[2]; /* Length modifier. */ format_lengths modifier; /* Format specifier character. */ char specifier; /* The argument of the directive or null when the directive doesn't take one or when none is available (such as for vararg functions). */ tree arg; /* Format conversion function that given a directive and an argument returns the formatting result. */ fmtresult (*fmtfunc) (const directive &, tree, vr_values *); /* Return True when a the format flag CHR has been used. */ bool get_flag (char chr) const { unsigned char c = chr & 0xff; return (flags[c / (CHAR_BIT * sizeof *flags)] & (1U << (c % (CHAR_BIT * sizeof *flags)))); } /* Make a record of the format flag CHR having been used. */ void set_flag (char chr) { unsigned char c = chr & 0xff; flags[c / (CHAR_BIT * sizeof *flags)] |= (1U << (c % (CHAR_BIT * sizeof *flags))); } /* Reset the format flag CHR. */ void clear_flag (char chr) { unsigned char c = chr & 0xff; flags[c / (CHAR_BIT * sizeof *flags)] &= ~(1U << (c % (CHAR_BIT * sizeof *flags))); } /* Set both bounds of the width range to VAL. */ void set_width (HOST_WIDE_INT val) { width[0] = width[1] = val; } /* Set the width range according to ARG, with both bounds being no less than 0. For a constant ARG set both bounds to its value or 0, whichever is greater. For a non-constant ARG in some range set width to its range adjusting each bound to -1 if it's less. For an indeterminate ARG set width to [0, INT_MAX]. */ void set_width (tree arg, vr_values *vr_values) { get_int_range (arg, width, width + 1, true, 0, vr_values); } /* Set both bounds of the precision range to VAL. */ void set_precision (HOST_WIDE_INT val) { prec[0] = prec[1] = val; } /* Set the precision range according to ARG, with both bounds being no less than -1. For a constant ARG set both bounds to its value or -1 whichever is greater. For a non-constant ARG in some range set precision to its range adjusting each bound to -1 if it's less. For an indeterminate ARG set precision to [-1, INT_MAX]. */ void set_precision (tree arg, vr_values *vr_values) { get_int_range (arg, prec, prec + 1, false, -1, vr_values); } /* Return true if both width and precision are known to be either constant or in some range, false otherwise. */ bool known_width_and_precision () const { return ((width[1] < 0 || (unsigned HOST_WIDE_INT)width[1] <= target_int_max ()) && (prec[1] < 0 || (unsigned HOST_WIDE_INT)prec[1] < target_int_max ())); } }; /* Return the logarithm of X in BASE. */ static int ilog (unsigned HOST_WIDE_INT x, int base) { int res = 0; do { ++res; x /= base; } while (x); return res; } /* Return the number of bytes resulting from converting into a string the INTEGER_CST tree node X in BASE with a minimum of PREC digits. PLUS indicates whether 1 for a plus sign should be added for positive numbers, and PREFIX whether the length of an octal ('O') or hexadecimal ('0x') prefix should be added for nonzero numbers. Return -1 if X cannot be represented. */ static HOST_WIDE_INT tree_digits (tree x, int base, HOST_WIDE_INT prec, bool plus, bool prefix) { unsigned HOST_WIDE_INT absval; HOST_WIDE_INT res; if (TYPE_UNSIGNED (TREE_TYPE (x))) { if (tree_fits_uhwi_p (x)) { absval = tree_to_uhwi (x); res = plus; } else return -1; } else { if (tree_fits_shwi_p (x)) { HOST_WIDE_INT i = tree_to_shwi (x); if (HOST_WIDE_INT_MIN == i) { /* Avoid undefined behavior due to negating a minimum. */ absval = HOST_WIDE_INT_MAX; res = 1; } else if (i < 0) { absval = -i; res = 1; } else { absval = i; res = plus; } } else return -1; } int ndigs = ilog (absval, base); res += prec < ndigs ? ndigs : prec; /* Adjust a non-zero value for the base prefix, either hexadecimal, or, unless precision has resulted in a leading zero, also octal. */ if (prefix && absval && (base == 16 || prec <= ndigs)) { if (base == 8) res += 1; else if (base == 16) res += 2; } return res; } /* Given the formatting result described by RES and NAVAIL, the number of available in the destination, return the range of bytes remaining in the destination. */ static inline result_range bytes_remaining (unsigned HOST_WIDE_INT navail, const format_result &res) { result_range range; if (HOST_WIDE_INT_MAX <= navail) { range.min = range.max = range.likely = range.unlikely = navail; return range; } /* The lower bound of the available range is the available size minus the maximum output size, and the upper bound is the size minus the minimum. */ range.max = res.range.min < navail ? navail - res.range.min : 0; range.likely = res.range.likely < navail ? navail - res.range.likely : 0; if (res.range.max < HOST_WIDE_INT_MAX) range.min = res.range.max < navail ? navail - res.range.max : 0; else range.min = range.likely; range.unlikely = (res.range.unlikely < navail ? navail - res.range.unlikely : 0); return range; } /* Description of a call to a formatted function. */ struct sprintf_dom_walker::call_info { /* Function call statement. */ gimple *callstmt; /* Function called. */ tree func; /* Called built-in function code. */ built_in_function fncode; /* Format argument and format string extracted from it. */ tree format; const char *fmtstr; /* The location of the format argument. */ location_t fmtloc; /* The destination object size for __builtin___xxx_chk functions typically determined by __builtin_object_size, or -1 if unknown. */ unsigned HOST_WIDE_INT objsize; /* Number of the first variable argument. */ unsigned HOST_WIDE_INT argidx; /* True for functions like snprintf that specify the size of the destination, false for others like sprintf that don't. */ bool bounded; /* True for bounded functions like snprintf that specify a zero-size buffer as a request to compute the size of output without actually writing any. NOWRITE is cleared in response to the %n directive which has side-effects similar to writing output. */ bool nowrite; /* Return true if the called function's return value is used. */ bool retval_used () const { return gimple_get_lhs (callstmt); } /* Return the warning option corresponding to the called function. */ int warnopt () const { return bounded ? OPT_Wformat_truncation_ : OPT_Wformat_overflow_; } /* Return true for calls to file formatted functions. */ bool is_file_func () const { return (fncode == BUILT_IN_FPRINTF || fncode == BUILT_IN_FPRINTF_CHK || fncode == BUILT_IN_FPRINTF_UNLOCKED || fncode == BUILT_IN_VFPRINTF || fncode == BUILT_IN_VFPRINTF_CHK); } /* Return true for calls to string formatted functions. */ bool is_string_func () const { return (fncode == BUILT_IN_SPRINTF || fncode == BUILT_IN_SPRINTF_CHK || fncode == BUILT_IN_SNPRINTF || fncode == BUILT_IN_SNPRINTF_CHK || fncode == BUILT_IN_VSPRINTF || fncode == BUILT_IN_VSPRINTF_CHK || fncode == BUILT_IN_VSNPRINTF || fncode == BUILT_IN_VSNPRINTF_CHK); } }; /* Return the result of formatting a no-op directive (such as '%n'). */ static fmtresult format_none (const directive &, tree, vr_values *) { fmtresult res (0); return res; } /* Return the result of formatting the '%%' directive. */ static fmtresult format_percent (const directive &, tree, vr_values *) { fmtresult res (1); return res; } /* Compute intmax_type_node and uintmax_type_node similarly to how tree.c builds size_type_node. */ static void build_intmax_type_nodes (tree *pintmax, tree *puintmax) { if (strcmp (UINTMAX_TYPE, "unsigned int") == 0) { *pintmax = integer_type_node; *puintmax = unsigned_type_node; } else if (strcmp (UINTMAX_TYPE, "long unsigned int") == 0) { *pintmax = long_integer_type_node; *puintmax = long_unsigned_type_node; } else if (strcmp (UINTMAX_TYPE, "long long unsigned int") == 0) { *pintmax = long_long_integer_type_node; *puintmax = long_long_unsigned_type_node; } else { for (int i = 0; i < NUM_INT_N_ENTS; i++) if (int_n_enabled_p[i]) { char name[50], altname[50]; sprintf (name, "__int%d unsigned", int_n_data[i].bitsize); sprintf (altname, "__int%d__ unsigned", int_n_data[i].bitsize); if (strcmp (name, UINTMAX_TYPE) == 0 || strcmp (altname, UINTMAX_TYPE) == 0) { *pintmax = int_n_trees[i].signed_type; *puintmax = int_n_trees[i].unsigned_type; return; } } gcc_unreachable (); } } /* Determine the range [*PMIN, *PMAX] that the expression ARG is in and that is representable in type int. Return true when the range is a subrange of that of int. When ARG is null it is as if it had the full range of int. When ABSOLUTE is true the range reflects the absolute value of the argument. When ABSOLUTE is false, negative bounds of the determined range are replaced with NEGBOUND. */ static bool get_int_range (tree arg, HOST_WIDE_INT *pmin, HOST_WIDE_INT *pmax, bool absolute, HOST_WIDE_INT negbound, class vr_values *vr_values) { /* The type of the result. */ const_tree type = integer_type_node; bool knownrange = false; if (!arg) { *pmin = tree_to_shwi (TYPE_MIN_VALUE (type)); *pmax = tree_to_shwi (TYPE_MAX_VALUE (type)); } else if (TREE_CODE (arg) == INTEGER_CST && TYPE_PRECISION (TREE_TYPE (arg)) <= TYPE_PRECISION (type)) { /* For a constant argument return its value adjusted as specified by NEGATIVE and NEGBOUND and return true to indicate that the result is known. */ *pmin = tree_fits_shwi_p (arg) ? tree_to_shwi (arg) : tree_to_uhwi (arg); *pmax = *pmin; knownrange = true; } else { /* True if the argument's range cannot be determined. */ bool unknown = true; tree argtype = TREE_TYPE (arg); /* Ignore invalid arguments with greater precision that that of the expected type (e.g., in sprintf("%*i", 12LL, i)). They will have been detected and diagnosed by -Wformat and so it's not important to complicate this code to try to deal with them again. */ if (TREE_CODE (arg) == SSA_NAME && INTEGRAL_TYPE_P (argtype) && TYPE_PRECISION (argtype) <= TYPE_PRECISION (type)) { /* Try to determine the range of values of the integer argument. */ value_range *vr = vr_values->get_value_range (arg); if (range_int_cst_p (vr)) { HOST_WIDE_INT type_min = (TYPE_UNSIGNED (argtype) ? tree_to_uhwi (TYPE_MIN_VALUE (argtype)) : tree_to_shwi (TYPE_MIN_VALUE (argtype))); HOST_WIDE_INT type_max = tree_to_uhwi (TYPE_MAX_VALUE (argtype)); *pmin = TREE_INT_CST_LOW (vr->min ()); *pmax = TREE_INT_CST_LOW (vr->max ()); if (*pmin < *pmax) { /* Return true if the adjusted range is a subrange of the full range of the argument's type. *PMAX may be less than *PMIN when the argument is unsigned and its upper bound is in excess of TYPE_MAX. In that (invalid) case disregard the range and use that of the expected type instead. */ knownrange = type_min < *pmin || *pmax < type_max; unknown = false; } } } /* Handle an argument with an unknown range as if none had been provided. */ if (unknown) return get_int_range (NULL_TREE, pmin, pmax, absolute, negbound, vr_values); } /* Adjust each bound as specified by ABSOLUTE and NEGBOUND. */ if (absolute) { if (*pmin < 0) { if (*pmin == *pmax) *pmin = *pmax = -*pmin; else { /* Make sure signed overlow is avoided. */ gcc_assert (*pmin != HOST_WIDE_INT_MIN); HOST_WIDE_INT tmp = -*pmin; *pmin = 0; if (*pmax < tmp) *pmax = tmp; } } } else if (*pmin < negbound) *pmin = negbound; return knownrange; } /* With the range [*ARGMIN, *ARGMAX] of an integer directive's actual argument, due to the conversion from either *ARGMIN or *ARGMAX to the type of the directive's formal argument it's possible for both to result in the same number of bytes or a range of bytes that's less than the number of bytes that would result from formatting some other value in the range [*ARGMIN, *ARGMAX]. This can be determined by checking for the actual argument being in the range of the type of the directive. If it isn't it must be assumed to take on the full range of the directive's type. Return true when the range has been adjusted to the full range of DIRTYPE, and false otherwise. */ static bool adjust_range_for_overflow (tree dirtype, tree *argmin, tree *argmax) { tree argtype = TREE_TYPE (*argmin); unsigned argprec = TYPE_PRECISION (argtype); unsigned dirprec = TYPE_PRECISION (dirtype); /* If the actual argument and the directive's argument have the same precision and sign there can be no overflow and so there is nothing to adjust. */ if (argprec == dirprec && TYPE_SIGN (argtype) == TYPE_SIGN (dirtype)) return false; /* The logic below was inspired/lifted from the CONVERT_EXPR_CODE_P branch in the extract_range_from_unary_expr function in tree-vrp.c. */ if (TREE_CODE (*argmin) == INTEGER_CST && TREE_CODE (*argmax) == INTEGER_CST && (dirprec >= argprec || integer_zerop (int_const_binop (RSHIFT_EXPR, int_const_binop (MINUS_EXPR, *argmax, *argmin), size_int (dirprec))))) { *argmin = force_fit_type (dirtype, wi::to_widest (*argmin), 0, false); *argmax = force_fit_type (dirtype, wi::to_widest (*argmax), 0, false); /* If *ARGMIN is still less than *ARGMAX the conversion above is safe. Otherwise, it has overflowed and would be unsafe. */ if (tree_int_cst_le (*argmin, *argmax)) return false; } *argmin = TYPE_MIN_VALUE (dirtype); *argmax = TYPE_MAX_VALUE (dirtype); return true; } /* Return a range representing the minimum and maximum number of bytes that the format directive DIR will output for any argument given the WIDTH and PRECISION (extracted from DIR). This function is used when the directive argument or its value isn't known. */ static fmtresult format_integer (const directive &dir, tree arg, vr_values *vr_values) { tree intmax_type_node; tree uintmax_type_node; /* Base to format the number in. */ int base; /* True when a conversion is preceded by a prefix indicating the base of the argument (octal or hexadecimal). */ bool maybebase = dir.get_flag ('#'); /* True when a signed conversion is preceded by a sign or space. */ bool maybesign = false; /* True for signed conversions (i.e., 'd' and 'i'). */ bool sign = false; switch (dir.specifier) { case 'd': case 'i': /* Space and '+' are only meaningful for signed conversions. */ maybesign = dir.get_flag (' ') | dir.get_flag ('+'); sign = true; base = 10; break; case 'u': base = 10; break; case 'o': base = 8; break; case 'X': case 'x': base = 16; break; default: gcc_unreachable (); } /* The type of the "formal" argument expected by the directive. */ tree dirtype = NULL_TREE; /* Determine the expected type of the argument from the length modifier. */ switch (dir.modifier) { case FMT_LEN_none: if (dir.specifier == 'p') dirtype = ptr_type_node; else dirtype = sign ? integer_type_node : unsigned_type_node; break; case FMT_LEN_h: dirtype = sign ? short_integer_type_node : short_unsigned_type_node; break; case FMT_LEN_hh: dirtype = sign ? signed_char_type_node : unsigned_char_type_node; break; case FMT_LEN_l: dirtype = sign ? long_integer_type_node : long_unsigned_type_node; break; case FMT_LEN_L: case FMT_LEN_ll: dirtype = (sign ? long_long_integer_type_node : long_long_unsigned_type_node); break; case FMT_LEN_z: dirtype = signed_or_unsigned_type_for (!sign, size_type_node); break; case FMT_LEN_t: dirtype = signed_or_unsigned_type_for (!sign, ptrdiff_type_node); break; case FMT_LEN_j: build_intmax_type_nodes (&intmax_type_node, &uintmax_type_node); dirtype = sign ? intmax_type_node : uintmax_type_node; break; default: return fmtresult (); } /* The type of the argument to the directive, either deduced from the actual non-constant argument if one is known, or from the directive itself when none has been provided because it's a va_list. */ tree argtype = NULL_TREE; if (!arg) { /* When the argument has not been provided, use the type of the directive's argument as an approximation. This will result in false positives for directives like %i with arguments with smaller precision (such as short or char). */ argtype = dirtype; } else if (TREE_CODE (arg) == INTEGER_CST) { /* When a constant argument has been provided use its value rather than type to determine the length of the output. */ fmtresult res; if ((dir.prec[0] <= 0 && dir.prec[1] >= 0) && integer_zerop (arg)) { /* As a special case, a precision of zero with a zero argument results in zero bytes except in base 8 when the '#' flag is specified, and for signed conversions in base 8 and 10 when either the space or '+' flag has been specified and it results in just one byte (with width having the normal effect). This must extend to the case of a specified precision with an unknown value because it can be zero. */ res.range.min = ((base == 8 && dir.get_flag ('#')) || maybesign); if (res.range.min == 0 && dir.prec[0] != dir.prec[1]) { res.range.max = 1; res.range.likely = 1; } else { res.range.max = res.range.min; res.range.likely = res.range.min; } } else { /* Convert the argument to the type of the directive. */ arg = fold_convert (dirtype, arg); res.range.min = tree_digits (arg, base, dir.prec[0], maybesign, maybebase); if (dir.prec[0] == dir.prec[1]) res.range.max = res.range.min; else res.range.max = tree_digits (arg, base, dir.prec[1], maybesign, maybebase); res.range.likely = res.range.min; res.knownrange = true; } res.range.unlikely = res.range.max; /* Bump up the counters if WIDTH is greater than LEN. */ res.adjust_for_width_or_precision (dir.width, dirtype, base, (sign | maybebase) + (base == 16)); /* Bump up the counters again if PRECision is greater still. */ res.adjust_for_width_or_precision (dir.prec, dirtype, base, (sign | maybebase) + (base == 16)); return res; } else if (INTEGRAL_TYPE_P (TREE_TYPE (arg)) || TREE_CODE (TREE_TYPE (arg)) == POINTER_TYPE) /* Determine the type of the provided non-constant argument. */ argtype = TREE_TYPE (arg); else /* Don't bother with invalid arguments since they likely would have already been diagnosed, and disable any further checking of the format string by returning [-1, -1]. */ return fmtresult (); fmtresult res; /* Using either the range the non-constant argument is in, or its type (either "formal" or actual), create a range of values that constrain the length of output given the warning level. */ tree argmin = NULL_TREE; tree argmax = NULL_TREE; if (arg && TREE_CODE (arg) == SSA_NAME && INTEGRAL_TYPE_P (argtype)) { /* Try to determine the range of values of the integer argument (range information is not available for pointers). */ value_range *vr = vr_values->get_value_range (arg); if (range_int_cst_p (vr)) { argmin = vr->min (); argmax = vr->max (); /* Set KNOWNRANGE if the argument is in a known subrange of the directive's type and neither width nor precision is unknown. (KNOWNRANGE may be reset below). */ res.knownrange = ((!tree_int_cst_equal (TYPE_MIN_VALUE (dirtype), argmin) || !tree_int_cst_equal (TYPE_MAX_VALUE (dirtype), argmax)) && dir.known_width_and_precision ()); res.argmin = argmin; res.argmax = argmax; } else if (vr->kind () == VR_ANTI_RANGE) { /* Handle anti-ranges if/when bug 71690 is resolved. */ } else if (vr->varying_p () || vr->undefined_p ()) { /* The argument here may be the result of promoting the actual argument to int. Try to determine the type of the actual argument before promotion and narrow down its range that way. */ gimple *def = SSA_NAME_DEF_STMT (arg); if (is_gimple_assign (def)) { tree_code code = gimple_assign_rhs_code (def); if (code == INTEGER_CST) { arg = gimple_assign_rhs1 (def); return format_integer (dir, arg, vr_values); } if (code == NOP_EXPR) { tree type = TREE_TYPE (gimple_assign_rhs1 (def)); if (INTEGRAL_TYPE_P (type) || TREE_CODE (type) == POINTER_TYPE) argtype = type; } } } } if (!argmin) { if (TREE_CODE (argtype) == POINTER_TYPE) { argmin = build_int_cst (pointer_sized_int_node, 0); argmax = build_all_ones_cst (pointer_sized_int_node); } else { argmin = TYPE_MIN_VALUE (argtype); argmax = TYPE_MAX_VALUE (argtype); } } /* Clear KNOWNRANGE if the range has been adjusted to the maximum of the directive. If it has been cleared then since ARGMIN and/or ARGMAX have been adjusted also adjust the corresponding ARGMIN and ARGMAX in the result to include in diagnostics. */ if (adjust_range_for_overflow (dirtype, &argmin, &argmax)) { res.knownrange = false; res.argmin = argmin; res.argmax = argmax; } /* Recursively compute the minimum and maximum from the known range. */ if (TYPE_UNSIGNED (dirtype) || tree_int_cst_sgn (argmin) >= 0) { /* For unsigned conversions/directives or signed when the minimum is positive, use the minimum and maximum to compute the shortest and longest output, respectively. */ res.range.min = format_integer (dir, argmin, vr_values).range.min; res.range.max = format_integer (dir, argmax, vr_values).range.max; } else if (tree_int_cst_sgn (argmax) < 0) { /* For signed conversions/directives if maximum is negative, use the minimum as the longest output and maximum as the shortest output. */ res.range.min = format_integer (dir, argmax, vr_values).range.min; res.range.max = format_integer (dir, argmin, vr_values).range.max; } else { /* Otherwise, 0 is inside of the range and minimum negative. Use 0 as the shortest output and for the longest output compute the length of the output of both minimum and maximum and pick the longer. */ unsigned HOST_WIDE_INT max1 = format_integer (dir, argmin, vr_values).range.max; unsigned HOST_WIDE_INT max2 = format_integer (dir, argmax, vr_values).range.max; res.range.min = format_integer (dir, integer_zero_node, vr_values).range.min; res.range.max = MAX (max1, max2); } /* If the range is known, use the maximum as the likely length. */ if (res.knownrange) res.range.likely = res.range.max; else { /* Otherwise, use the minimum. Except for the case where for %#x or %#o the minimum is just for a single value in the range (0) and for all other values it is something longer, like 0x1 or 01. Use the length for value 1 in that case instead as the likely length. */ res.range.likely = res.range.min; if (maybebase && base != 10 && (tree_int_cst_sgn (argmin) < 0 || tree_int_cst_sgn (argmax) > 0)) { if (res.range.min == 1) res.range.likely += base == 8 ? 1 : 2; else if (res.range.min == 2 && base == 16 && (dir.width[0] == 2 || dir.prec[0] == 2)) ++res.range.likely; } } res.range.unlikely = res.range.max; res.adjust_for_width_or_precision (dir.width, dirtype, base, (sign | maybebase) + (base == 16)); res.adjust_for_width_or_precision (dir.prec, dirtype, base, (sign | maybebase) + (base == 16)); return res; } /* Return the number of bytes that a format directive consisting of FLAGS, PRECision, format SPECification, and MPFR rounding specifier RNDSPEC, would result for argument X under ideal conditions (i.e., if PREC weren't excessive). MPFR 3.1 allocates large amounts of memory for values of PREC with large magnitude and can fail (see MPFR bug #21056). This function works around those problems. */ static unsigned HOST_WIDE_INT get_mpfr_format_length (mpfr_ptr x, const char *flags, HOST_WIDE_INT prec, char spec, char rndspec) { char fmtstr[40]; HOST_WIDE_INT len = strlen (flags); fmtstr[0] = '%'; memcpy (fmtstr + 1, flags, len); memcpy (fmtstr + 1 + len, ".*R", 3); fmtstr[len + 4] = rndspec; fmtstr[len + 5] = spec; fmtstr[len + 6] = '\0'; spec = TOUPPER (spec); if (spec == 'E' || spec == 'F') { /* For %e, specify the precision explicitly since mpfr_sprintf does its own thing just to be different (see MPFR bug 21088). */ if (prec < 0) prec = 6; } else { /* Avoid passing negative precisions with larger magnitude to MPFR to avoid exposing its bugs. (A negative precision is supposed to be ignored.) */ if (prec < 0) prec = -1; } HOST_WIDE_INT p = prec; if (spec == 'G' && !strchr (flags, '#')) { /* For G/g without the pound flag, precision gives the maximum number of significant digits which is bounded by LDBL_MAX_10_EXP, or, for a 128 bit IEEE extended precision, 4932. Using twice as much here should be more than sufficient for any real format. */ if ((IEEE_MAX_10_EXP * 2) < prec) prec = IEEE_MAX_10_EXP * 2; p = prec; } else { /* Cap precision arbitrarily at 1KB and add the difference (if any) to the MPFR result. */ if (prec > 1024) p = 1024; } len = mpfr_snprintf (NULL, 0, fmtstr, (int)p, x); /* Handle the unlikely (impossible?) error by returning more than the maximum dictated by the function's return type. */ if (len < 0) return target_dir_max () + 1; /* Adjust the return value by the difference. */ if (p < prec) len += prec - p; return len; } /* Return the number of bytes to format using the format specifier SPEC and the precision PREC the largest value in the real floating TYPE. */ static unsigned HOST_WIDE_INT format_floating_max (tree type, char spec, HOST_WIDE_INT prec) { machine_mode mode = TYPE_MODE (type); /* IBM Extended mode. */ if (MODE_COMPOSITE_P (mode)) mode = DFmode; /* Get the real type format desription for the target. */ const real_format *rfmt = REAL_MODE_FORMAT (mode); REAL_VALUE_TYPE rv; real_maxval (&rv, 0, mode); /* Convert the GCC real value representation with the precision of the real type to the mpfr_t format with the GCC default round-to-nearest mode. */ mpfr_t x; mpfr_init2 (x, rfmt->p); mpfr_from_real (x, &rv, GMP_RNDN); /* Return a value one greater to account for the leading minus sign. */ unsigned HOST_WIDE_INT r = 1 + get_mpfr_format_length (x, "", prec, spec, 'D'); mpfr_clear (x); return r; } /* Return a range representing the minimum and maximum number of bytes that the directive DIR will output for any argument. PREC gives the adjusted precision range to account for negative precisions meaning the default 6. This function is used when the directive argument or its value isn't known. */ static fmtresult format_floating (const directive &dir, const HOST_WIDE_INT prec[2]) { tree type; switch (dir.modifier) { case FMT_LEN_l: case FMT_LEN_none: type = double_type_node; break; case FMT_LEN_L: type = long_double_type_node; break; case FMT_LEN_ll: type = long_double_type_node; break; default: return fmtresult (); } /* The minimum and maximum number of bytes produced by the directive. */ fmtresult res; /* The minimum output as determined by flags. It's always at least 1. When plus or space are set the output is preceded by either a sign or a space. */ unsigned flagmin = (1 /* for the first digit */ + (dir.get_flag ('+') | dir.get_flag (' '))); /* The minimum is 3 for "inf" and "nan" for all specifiers, plus 1 for the plus sign/space with the '+' and ' ' flags, respectively, unless reduced below. */ res.range.min = 2 + flagmin; /* When the pound flag is set the decimal point is included in output regardless of precision. Whether or not a decimal point is included otherwise depends on the specification and precision. */ bool radix = dir.get_flag ('#'); switch (dir.specifier) { case 'A': case 'a': { HOST_WIDE_INT minprec = 6 + !radix /* decimal point */; if (dir.prec[0] <= 0) minprec = 0; else if (dir.prec[0] > 0) minprec = dir.prec[0] + !radix /* decimal point */; res.range.likely = (2 /* 0x */ + flagmin + radix + minprec + 3 /* p+0 */); res.range.max = format_floating_max (type, 'a', prec[1]); /* The unlikely maximum accounts for the longest multibyte decimal point character. */ res.range.unlikely = res.range.max; if (dir.prec[1] > 0) res.range.unlikely += target_mb_len_max () - 1; break; } case 'E': case 'e': { /* Minimum output attributable to precision and, when it's non-zero, decimal point. */ HOST_WIDE_INT minprec = prec[0] ? prec[0] + !radix : 0; /* The likely minimum output is "[-+]1.234567e+00" regardless of the value of the actual argument. */ res.range.likely = (flagmin + radix + minprec + 2 /* e+ */ + 2); res.range.max = format_floating_max (type, 'e', prec[1]); /* The unlikely maximum accounts for the longest multibyte decimal point character. */ if (dir.prec[0] != dir.prec[1] || dir.prec[0] == -1 || dir.prec[0] > 0) res.range.unlikely = res.range.max + target_mb_len_max () -1; else res.range.unlikely = res.range.max; break; } case 'F': case 'f': { /* Minimum output attributable to precision and, when it's non-zero, decimal point. */ HOST_WIDE_INT minprec = prec[0] ? prec[0] + !radix : 0; /* For finite numbers (i.e., not infinity or NaN) the lower bound when precision isn't specified is 8 bytes ("1.23456" since precision is taken to be 6). When precision is zero, the lower bound is 1 byte (e.g., "1"). Otherwise, when precision is greater than zero, then the lower bound is 2 plus precision (plus flags). But in all cases, the lower bound is no greater than 3. */ unsigned HOST_WIDE_INT min = flagmin + radix + minprec; if (min < res.range.min) res.range.min = min; /* Compute the upper bound for -TYPE_MAX. */ res.range.max = format_floating_max (type, 'f', prec[1]); /* The minimum output with unknown precision is a single byte (e.g., "0") but the more likely output is 3 bytes ("0.0"). */ if (dir.prec[0] < 0 && dir.prec[1] > 0) res.range.likely = 3; else res.range.likely = min; /* The unlikely maximum accounts for the longest multibyte decimal point character. */ if (dir.prec[0] != dir.prec[1] || dir.prec[0] == -1 || dir.prec[0] > 0) res.range.unlikely = res.range.max + target_mb_len_max () - 1; break; } case 'G': case 'g': { /* The %g output depends on precision and the exponent of the argument. Since the value of the argument isn't known the lower bound on the range of bytes (not counting flags or width) is 1 plus radix (i.e., either "0" or "0." for "%g" and "%#g", respectively, with a zero argument). */ unsigned HOST_WIDE_INT min = flagmin + radix; if (min < res.range.min) res.range.min = min; char spec = 'g'; HOST_WIDE_INT maxprec = dir.prec[1]; if (radix && maxprec) { /* When the pound flag (radix) is set, trailing zeros aren't trimmed and so the longest output is the same as for %e, except with precision minus 1 (as specified in C11). */ spec = 'e'; if (maxprec > 0) --maxprec; else if (maxprec < 0) maxprec = 5; } else maxprec = prec[1]; res.range.max = format_floating_max (type, spec, maxprec); /* The likely output is either the maximum computed above minus 1 (assuming the maximum is positive) when precision is known (or unspecified), or the same minimum as for %e (which is computed for a non-negative argument). Unlike for the other specifiers above the likely output isn't the minimum because for %g that's 1 which is unlikely. */ if (dir.prec[1] < 0 || (unsigned HOST_WIDE_INT)dir.prec[1] < target_int_max ()) res.range.likely = res.range.max - 1; else { HOST_WIDE_INT minprec = 6 + !radix /* decimal point */; res.range.likely = (flagmin + radix + minprec + 2 /* e+ */ + 2); } /* The unlikely maximum accounts for the longest multibyte decimal point character. */ res.range.unlikely = res.range.max + target_mb_len_max () - 1; break; } default: return fmtresult (); } /* Bump up the byte counters if WIDTH is greater. */ res.adjust_for_width_or_precision (dir.width); return res; } /* Return a range representing the minimum and maximum number of bytes that the directive DIR will write on output for the floating argument ARG. */ static fmtresult format_floating (const directive &dir, tree arg, vr_values *) { HOST_WIDE_INT prec[] = { dir.prec[0], dir.prec[1] }; tree type = (dir.modifier == FMT_LEN_L || dir.modifier == FMT_LEN_ll ? long_double_type_node : double_type_node); /* For an indeterminate precision the lower bound must be assumed to be zero. */ if (TOUPPER (dir.specifier) == 'A') { /* Get the number of fractional decimal digits needed to represent the argument without a loss of accuracy. */ unsigned fmtprec = REAL_MODE_FORMAT (TYPE_MODE (type))->p; /* The precision of the IEEE 754 double format is 53. The precision of all other GCC binary double formats is 56 or less. */ unsigned maxprec = fmtprec <= 56 ? 13 : 15; /* For %a, leave the minimum precision unspecified to let MFPR trim trailing zeros (as it and many other systems including Glibc happen to do) and set the maximum precision to reflect what it would be with trailing zeros present (as Solaris and derived systems do). */ if (dir.prec[1] < 0) { /* Both bounds are negative implies that precision has not been specified. */ prec[0] = maxprec; prec[1] = -1; } else if (dir.prec[0] < 0) { /* With a negative lower bound and a non-negative upper bound set the minimum precision to zero and the maximum to the greater of the maximum precision (i.e., with trailing zeros present) and the specified upper bound. */ prec[0] = 0; prec[1] = dir.prec[1] < maxprec ? maxprec : dir.prec[1]; } } else if (dir.prec[0] < 0) { if (dir.prec[1] < 0) { /* A precision in a strictly negative range is ignored and the default of 6 is used instead. */ prec[0] = prec[1] = 6; } else { /* For a precision in a partly negative range, the lower bound must be assumed to be zero and the new upper bound is the greater of 6 (the default precision used when the specified precision is negative) and the upper bound of the specified range. */ prec[0] = 0; prec[1] = dir.prec[1] < 6 ? 6 : dir.prec[1]; } } if (!arg || TREE_CODE (arg) != REAL_CST || !useless_type_conversion_p (type, TREE_TYPE (arg))) return format_floating (dir, prec); /* The minimum and maximum number of bytes produced by the directive. */ fmtresult res; /* Get the real type format desription for the target. */ const REAL_VALUE_TYPE *rvp = TREE_REAL_CST_PTR (arg); const real_format *rfmt = REAL_MODE_FORMAT (TYPE_MODE (TREE_TYPE (arg))); if (!real_isfinite (rvp)) { /* The format for Infinity and NaN is "[-]inf"/"[-]infinity" and "[-]nan" with the choice being implementation-defined but not locale dependent. */ bool sign = dir.get_flag ('+') || real_isneg (rvp); res.range.min = 3 + sign; res.range.likely = res.range.min; res.range.max = res.range.min; /* The unlikely maximum is "[-/+]infinity" or "[-/+][qs]nan". For NaN, the C/POSIX standards specify two formats: "[-/+]nan" and "[-/+]nan(n-char-sequence)" No known printf implementation outputs the latter format but AIX outputs QNaN and SNaN for quiet and signalling NaN, respectively, so the unlikely maximum reflects that. */ res.range.unlikely = sign + (real_isinf (rvp) ? 8 : 4); /* The range for infinity and NaN is known unless either width or precision is unknown. Width has the same effect regardless of whether the argument is finite. Precision is either ignored (e.g., Glibc) or can have an effect on the short vs long format such as inf/infinity (e.g., Solaris). */ res.knownrange = dir.known_width_and_precision (); /* Adjust the range for width but ignore precision. */ res.adjust_for_width_or_precision (dir.width); return res; } char fmtstr [40]; char *pfmt = fmtstr; /* Append flags. */ for (const char *pf = "-+ #0"; *pf; ++pf) if (dir.get_flag (*pf)) *pfmt++ = *pf; *pfmt = '\0'; { /* Set up an array to easily iterate over. */ unsigned HOST_WIDE_INT* const minmax[] = { &res.range.min, &res.range.max }; for (int i = 0; i != sizeof minmax / sizeof *minmax; ++i) { /* Convert the GCC real value representation with the precision of the real type to the mpfr_t format rounding down in the first iteration that computes the minimm and up in the second that computes the maximum. This order is arbibtrary because rounding in either direction can result in longer output. */ mpfr_t mpfrval; mpfr_init2 (mpfrval, rfmt->p); mpfr_from_real (mpfrval, rvp, i ? GMP_RNDU : GMP_RNDD); /* Use the MPFR rounding specifier to round down in the first iteration and then up. In most but not all cases this will result in the same number of bytes. */ char rndspec = "DU"[i]; /* Format it and store the result in the corresponding member of the result struct. */ *minmax[i] = get_mpfr_format_length (mpfrval, fmtstr, prec[i], dir.specifier, rndspec); mpfr_clear (mpfrval); } } /* Make sure the minimum is less than the maximum (MPFR rounding in the call to mpfr_snprintf can result in the reverse. */ if (res.range.max < res.range.min) { unsigned HOST_WIDE_INT tmp = res.range.min; res.range.min = res.range.max; res.range.max = tmp; } /* The range is known unless either width or precision is unknown. */ res.knownrange = dir.known_width_and_precision (); /* For the same floating point constant, unless width or precision is unknown, use the longer output as the likely maximum since with round to nearest either is equally likely. Otheriwse, when precision is unknown, use the greater of the minimum and 3 as the likely output (for "0.0" since zero precision is unlikely). */ if (res.knownrange) res.range.likely = res.range.max; else if (res.range.min < 3 && dir.prec[0] < 0 && (unsigned HOST_WIDE_INT)dir.prec[1] == target_int_max ()) res.range.likely = 3; else res.range.likely = res.range.min; res.range.unlikely = res.range.max; if (res.range.max > 2 && (prec[0] != 0 || prec[1] != 0)) { /* Unless the precision is zero output longer than 2 bytes may include the decimal point which must be a single character up to MB_LEN_MAX in length. This is overly conservative since in some conversions some constants result in no decimal point (e.g., in %g). */ res.range.unlikely += target_mb_len_max () - 1; } res.adjust_for_width_or_precision (dir.width); return res; } /* Return a FMTRESULT struct set to the lengths of the shortest and longest strings referenced by the expression STR, or (-1, -1) when not known. Used by the format_string function below. */ static fmtresult get_string_length (tree str, unsigned eltsize) { if (!str) return fmtresult (); /* Determine the length of the shortest and longest string referenced by STR. Strings of unknown lengths are bounded by the sizes of arrays that subexpressions of STR may refer to. Pointers that aren't known to point any such arrays result in LENDATA.MAXLEN set to SIZE_MAX. */ c_strlen_data lendata = { }; get_range_strlen (str, &lendata, eltsize); /* Return the default result when nothing is known about the string. */ if (integer_all_onesp (lendata.maxbound) && integer_all_onesp (lendata.maxlen)) return fmtresult (); HOST_WIDE_INT min = (tree_fits_uhwi_p (lendata.minlen) ? tree_to_uhwi (lendata.minlen) : 0); HOST_WIDE_INT max = (tree_fits_uhwi_p (lendata.maxbound) ? tree_to_uhwi (lendata.maxbound) : HOST_WIDE_INT_M1U); const bool unbounded = integer_all_onesp (lendata.maxlen); /* Set the max/likely counters to unbounded when a minimum is known but the maximum length isn't bounded. This implies that STR is a conditional expression involving a string of known length and and an expression of unknown/unbounded length. */ if (min && (unsigned HOST_WIDE_INT)min < HOST_WIDE_INT_M1U && unbounded) max = HOST_WIDE_INT_M1U; /* get_range_strlen() returns the target value of SIZE_MAX for strings of unknown length. Bump it up to HOST_WIDE_INT_M1U which may be bigger. */ if ((unsigned HOST_WIDE_INT)min == target_size_max ()) min = HOST_WIDE_INT_M1U; if ((unsigned HOST_WIDE_INT)max == target_size_max ()) max = HOST_WIDE_INT_M1U; fmtresult res (min, max); res.nonstr = lendata.decl; /* Set RES.KNOWNRANGE to true if and only if all strings referenced by STR are known to be bounded (though not necessarily by their actual length but perhaps by their maximum possible length). */ if (res.range.max < target_int_max ()) { res.knownrange = true; /* When the the length of the longest string is known and not excessive use it as the likely length of the string(s). */ res.range.likely = res.range.max; } else { /* When the upper bound is unknown (it can be zero or excessive) set the likely length to the greater of 1 and the length of the shortest string and reset the lower bound to zero. */ res.range.likely = res.range.min ? res.range.min : warn_level > 1; res.range.min = 0; } res.range.unlikely = unbounded ? HOST_WIDE_INT_MAX : res.range.max; return res; } /* Return the minimum and maximum number of characters formatted by the '%c' format directives and its wide character form for the argument ARG. ARG can be null (for functions such as vsprinf). */ static fmtresult format_character (const directive &dir, tree arg, vr_values *vr_values) { fmtresult res; res.knownrange = true; if (dir.specifier == 'C' || dir.modifier == FMT_LEN_l) { /* A wide character can result in as few as zero bytes. */ res.range.min = 0; HOST_WIDE_INT min, max; if (get_int_range (arg, &min, &max, false, 0, vr_values)) { if (min == 0 && max == 0) { /* The NUL wide character results in no bytes. */ res.range.max = 0; res.range.likely = 0; res.range.unlikely = 0; } else if (min >= 0 && min < 128) { /* Be conservative if the target execution character set is not a 1-to-1 mapping to the source character set or if the source set is not ASCII. */ bool one_2_one_ascii = (target_to_host_charmap[0] == 1 && target_to_host ('a') == 97); /* A wide character in the ASCII range most likely results in a single byte, and only unlikely in up to MB_LEN_MAX. */ res.range.max = one_2_one_ascii ? 1 : target_mb_len_max ();; res.range.likely = 1; res.range.unlikely = target_mb_len_max (); res.mayfail = !one_2_one_ascii; } else { /* A wide character outside the ASCII range likely results in up to two bytes, and only unlikely in up to MB_LEN_MAX. */ res.range.max = target_mb_len_max (); res.range.likely = 2; res.range.unlikely = res.range.max; /* Converting such a character may fail. */ res.mayfail = true; } } else { /* An unknown wide character is treated the same as a wide character outside the ASCII range. */ res.range.max = target_mb_len_max (); res.range.likely = 2; res.range.unlikely = res.range.max; res.mayfail = true; } } else { /* A plain '%c' directive. Its ouput is exactly 1. */ res.range.min = res.range.max = 1; res.range.likely = res.range.unlikely = 1; res.knownrange = true; } /* Bump up the byte counters if WIDTH is greater. */ return res.adjust_for_width_or_precision (dir.width); } /* Return the minimum and maximum number of characters formatted by the '%s' format directive and its wide character form for the argument ARG. ARG can be null (for functions such as vsprinf). */ static fmtresult format_string (const directive &dir, tree arg, vr_values *) { fmtresult res; /* Compute the range the argument's length can be in. */ int count_by = 1; if (dir.specifier == 'S' || dir.modifier == FMT_LEN_l) { /* Get a node for a C type that will be the same size as a wchar_t on the target. */ tree node = get_typenode_from_name (MODIFIED_WCHAR_TYPE); /* Now that we have a suitable node, get the number of bytes it occupies. */ count_by = int_size_in_bytes (node); gcc_checking_assert (count_by == 2 || count_by == 4); } fmtresult slen = get_string_length (arg, count_by); if (slen.range.min == slen.range.max && slen.range.min < HOST_WIDE_INT_MAX) { /* The argument is either a string constant or it refers to one of a number of strings of the same length. */ /* A '%s' directive with a string argument with constant length. */ res.range = slen.range; if (dir.specifier == 'S' || dir.modifier == FMT_LEN_l) { /* In the worst case the length of output of a wide string S is bounded by MB_LEN_MAX * wcslen (S). */ res.range.max *= target_mb_len_max (); res.range.unlikely = res.range.max; /* It's likely that the the total length is not more that 2 * wcslen (S).*/ res.range.likely = res.range.min * 2; if (dir.prec[1] >= 0 && (unsigned HOST_WIDE_INT)dir.prec[1] < res.range.max) { res.range.max = dir.prec[1]; res.range.likely = dir.prec[1]; res.range.unlikely = dir.prec[1]; } if (dir.prec[0] < 0 && dir.prec[1] > -1) res.range.min = 0; else if (dir.prec[0] >= 0) res.range.likely = dir.prec[0]; /* Even a non-empty wide character string need not convert into any bytes. */ res.range.min = 0; /* A non-empty wide character conversion may fail. */ if (slen.range.max > 0) res.mayfail = true; } else { res.knownrange = true; if (dir.prec[0] < 0 && dir.prec[1] > -1) res.range.min = 0; else if ((unsigned HOST_WIDE_INT)dir.prec[0] < res.range.min) res.range.min = dir.prec[0]; if ((unsigned HOST_WIDE_INT)dir.prec[1] < res.range.max) { res.range.max = dir.prec[1]; res.range.likely = dir.prec[1]; res.range.unlikely = dir.prec[1]; } } } else if (arg && integer_zerop (arg)) { /* Handle null pointer argument. */ fmtresult res (0); res.nullp = true; return res; } else { /* For a '%s' and '%ls' directive with a non-constant string (either one of a number of strings of known length or an unknown string) the minimum number of characters is lesser of PRECISION[0] and the length of the shortest known string or zero, and the maximum is the lessser of the length of the longest known string or PTRDIFF_MAX and PRECISION[1]. The likely length is either the minimum at level 1 and the greater of the minimum and 1 at level 2. This result is adjust upward for width (if it's specified). */ if (dir.specifier == 'S' || dir.modifier == FMT_LEN_l) { /* A wide character converts to as few as zero bytes. */ slen.range.min = 0; if (slen.range.max < target_int_max ()) slen.range.max *= target_mb_len_max (); if (slen.range.likely < target_int_max ()) slen.range.likely *= 2; if (slen.range.likely < target_int_max ()) slen.range.unlikely *= target_mb_len_max (); /* A non-empty wide character conversion may fail. */ if (slen.range.max > 0) res.mayfail = true; } res.range = slen.range; if (dir.prec[0] >= 0) { /* Adjust the minimum to zero if the string length is unknown, or at most the lower bound of the precision otherwise. */ if (slen.range.min >= target_int_max ()) res.range.min = 0; else if ((unsigned HOST_WIDE_INT)dir.prec[0] < slen.range.min) res.range.min = dir.prec[0]; /* Make both maxima no greater than the upper bound of precision. */ if ((unsigned HOST_WIDE_INT)dir.prec[1] < slen.range.max || slen.range.max >= target_int_max ()) { res.range.max = dir.prec[1]; res.range.unlikely = dir.prec[1]; } /* If precision is constant, set the likely counter to the lesser of it and the maximum string length. Otherwise, if the lower bound of precision is greater than zero, set the likely counter to the minimum. Otherwise set it to zero or one based on the warning level. */ if (dir.prec[0] == dir.prec[1]) res.range.likely = ((unsigned HOST_WIDE_INT)dir.prec[0] < slen.range.max ? dir.prec[0] : slen.range.max); else if (dir.prec[0] > 0) res.range.likely = res.range.min; else res.range.likely = warn_level > 1; } else if (dir.prec[1] >= 0) { res.range.min = 0; if ((unsigned HOST_WIDE_INT)dir.prec[1] < slen.range.max) res.range.max = dir.prec[1]; res.range.likely = dir.prec[1] ? warn_level > 1 : 0; if ((unsigned HOST_WIDE_INT)dir.prec[1] < slen.range.unlikely) res.range.unlikely = dir.prec[1]; } else if (slen.range.min >= target_int_max ()) { res.range.min = 0; res.range.max = HOST_WIDE_INT_MAX; /* At level 1 strings of unknown length are assumed to be empty, while at level 1 they are assumed to be one byte long. */ res.range.likely = warn_level > 1; res.range.unlikely = HOST_WIDE_INT_MAX; } else { /* A string of unknown length unconstrained by precision is assumed to be empty at level 1 and just one character long at higher levels. */ if (res.range.likely >= target_int_max ()) res.range.likely = warn_level > 1; } } /* If the argument isn't a nul-terminated string and the number of bytes on output isn't bounded by precision, set NONSTR. */ if (slen.nonstr && slen.range.min < (unsigned HOST_WIDE_INT)dir.prec[0]) res.nonstr = slen.nonstr; /* Bump up the byte counters if WIDTH is greater. */ return res.adjust_for_width_or_precision (dir.width); } /* Format plain string (part of the format string itself). */ static fmtresult format_plain (const directive &dir, tree, vr_values *) { fmtresult res (dir.len); return res; } /* Return true if the RESULT of a directive in a call describe by INFO should be diagnosed given the AVAILable space in the destination. */ static bool should_warn_p (const sprintf_dom_walker::call_info &info, const result_range &avail, const result_range &result) { if (result.max <= avail.min) { /* The least amount of space remaining in the destination is big enough for the longest output. */ return false; } if (info.bounded) { if (warn_format_trunc == 1 && result.min <= avail.max && info.retval_used ()) { /* The likely amount of space remaining in the destination is big enough for the least output and the return value is used. */ return false; } if (warn_format_trunc == 1 && result.likely <= avail.likely && !info.retval_used ()) { /* The likely amount of space remaining in the destination is big enough for the likely output and the return value is unused. */ return false; } if (warn_format_trunc == 2 && result.likely <= avail.min && (result.max <= avail.min || result.max > HOST_WIDE_INT_MAX)) { /* The minimum amount of space remaining in the destination is big enough for the longest output. */ return false; } } else { if (warn_level == 1 && result.likely <= avail.likely) { /* The likely amount of space remaining in the destination is big enough for the likely output. */ return false; } if (warn_level == 2 && result.likely <= avail.min && (result.max <= avail.min || result.max > HOST_WIDE_INT_MAX)) { /* The minimum amount of space remaining in the destination is big enough for the longest output. */ return false; } } return true; } /* At format string location describe by DIRLOC in a call described by INFO, issue a warning for a directive DIR whose output may be in excess of the available space AVAIL_RANGE in the destination given the formatting result FMTRES. This function does nothing except decide whether to issue a warning for a possible write past the end or truncation and, if so, format the warning. Return true if a warning has been issued. */ static bool maybe_warn (substring_loc &dirloc, location_t argloc, const sprintf_dom_walker::call_info &info, const result_range &avail_range, const result_range &res, const directive &dir) { if (!should_warn_p (info, avail_range, res)) return false; /* A warning will definitely be issued below. */ /* The maximum byte count to reference in the warning. Larger counts imply that the upper bound is unknown (and could be anywhere between RES.MIN + 1 and SIZE_MAX / 2) are printed as "N or more bytes" rather than "between N and X" where X is some huge number. */ unsigned HOST_WIDE_INT maxbytes = target_dir_max (); /* True when there is enough room in the destination for the least amount of a directive's output but not enough for its likely or maximum output. */ bool maybe = (res.min <= avail_range.max && (avail_range.min < res.likely || (res.max < HOST_WIDE_INT_MAX && avail_range.min < res.max))); /* Buffer for the directive in the host character set (used when the source character set is different). */ char hostdir[32]; if (avail_range.min == avail_range.max) { /* The size of the destination region is exact. */ unsigned HOST_WIDE_INT navail = avail_range.max; if (target_to_host (*dir.beg) != '%') { /* For plain character directives (i.e., the format string itself) but not others, point the caret at the first character that's past the end of the destination. */ if (navail < dir.len) dirloc.set_caret_index (dirloc.get_caret_idx () + navail); } if (*dir.beg == '\0') { /* This is the terminating nul. */ gcc_assert (res.min == 1 && res.min == res.max); return fmtwarn (dirloc, UNKNOWN_LOCATION, NULL, info.warnopt (), info.bounded ? (maybe ? G_("%qE output may be truncated before the " "last format character") : G_("%qE output truncated before the last " "format character")) : (maybe ? G_("%qE may write a terminating nul past the " "end of the destination") : G_("%qE writing a terminating nul past the " "end of the destination")), info.func); } if (res.min == res.max) { const char *d = target_to_host (hostdir, sizeof hostdir, dir.beg); if (!info.bounded) return fmtwarn_n (dirloc, argloc, NULL, info.warnopt (), res.min, "%<%.*s%> directive writing %wu byte into a " "region of size %wu", "%<%.*s%> directive writing %wu bytes into a " "region of size %wu", (int) dir.len, d, res.min, navail); else if (maybe) return fmtwarn_n (dirloc, argloc, NULL, info.warnopt (), res.min, "%<%.*s%> directive output may be truncated " "writing %wu byte into a region of size %wu", "%<%.*s%> directive output may be truncated " "writing %wu bytes into a region of size %wu", (int) dir.len, d, res.min, navail); else return fmtwarn_n (dirloc, argloc, NULL, info.warnopt (), res.min, "%<%.*s%> directive output truncated writing " "%wu byte into a region of size %wu", "%<%.*s%> directive output truncated writing " "%wu bytes into a region of size %wu", (int) dir.len, d, res.min, navail); } if (res.min == 0 && res.max < maxbytes) return fmtwarn (dirloc, argloc, NULL, info.warnopt (), info.bounded ? (maybe ? G_("%<%.*s%> directive output may be truncated " "writing up to %wu bytes into a region of " "size %wu") : G_("%<%.*s%> directive output truncated writing " "up to %wu bytes into a region of size %wu")) : G_("%<%.*s%> directive writing up to %wu bytes " "into a region of size %wu"), (int) dir.len, target_to_host (hostdir, sizeof hostdir, dir.beg), res.max, navail); if (res.min == 0 && maxbytes <= res.max) /* This is a special case to avoid issuing the potentially confusing warning: writing 0 or more bytes into a region of size 0. */ return fmtwarn (dirloc, argloc, NULL, info.warnopt (), info.bounded ? (maybe ? G_("%<%.*s%> directive output may be truncated " "writing likely %wu or more bytes into a " "region of size %wu") : G_("%<%.*s%> directive output truncated writing " "likely %wu or more bytes into a region of " "size %wu")) : G_("%<%.*s%> directive writing likely %wu or more " "bytes into a region of size %wu"), (int) dir.len, target_to_host (hostdir, sizeof hostdir, dir.beg), res.likely, navail); if (res.max < maxbytes) return fmtwarn (dirloc, argloc, NULL, info.warnopt (), info.bounded ? (maybe ? G_("%<%.*s%> directive output may be truncated " "writing between %wu and %wu bytes into a " "region of size %wu") : G_("%<%.*s%> directive output truncated " "writing between %wu and %wu bytes into a " "region of size %wu")) : G_("%<%.*s%> directive writing between %wu and " "%wu bytes into a region of size %wu"), (int) dir.len, target_to_host (hostdir, sizeof hostdir, dir.beg), res.min, res.max, navail); return fmtwarn (dirloc, argloc, NULL, info.warnopt (), info.bounded ? (maybe ? G_("%<%.*s%> directive output may be truncated " "writing %wu or more bytes into a region of " "size %wu") : G_("%<%.*s%> directive output truncated writing " "%wu or more bytes into a region of size %wu")) : G_("%<%.*s%> directive writing %wu or more bytes " "into a region of size %wu"), (int) dir.len, target_to_host (hostdir, sizeof hostdir, dir.beg), res.min, navail); } /* The size of the destination region is a range. */ if (target_to_host (*dir.beg) != '%') { unsigned HOST_WIDE_INT navail = avail_range.max; /* For plain character directives (i.e., the format string itself) but not others, point the caret at the first character that's past the end of the destination. */ if (navail < dir.len) dirloc.set_caret_index (dirloc.get_caret_idx () + navail); } if (*dir.beg == '\0') { gcc_assert (res.min == 1 && res.min == res.max); return fmtwarn (dirloc, UNKNOWN_LOCATION, NULL, info.warnopt (), info.bounded ? (maybe ? G_("%qE output may be truncated before the last " "format character") : G_("%qE output truncated before the last format " "character")) : (maybe ? G_("%qE may write a terminating nul past the end " "of the destination") : G_("%qE writing a terminating nul past the end " "of the destination")), info.func); } if (res.min == res.max) { const char *d = target_to_host (hostdir, sizeof hostdir, dir.beg); if (!info.bounded) return fmtwarn_n (dirloc, argloc, NULL, info.warnopt (), res.min, "%<%.*s%> directive writing %wu byte into a region " "of size between %wu and %wu", "%<%.*s%> directive writing %wu bytes into a region " "of size between %wu and %wu", (int) dir.len, d, res.min, avail_range.min, avail_range.max); else if (maybe) return fmtwarn_n (dirloc, argloc, NULL, info.warnopt (), res.min, "%<%.*s%> directive output may be truncated writing " "%wu byte into a region of size between %wu and %wu", "%<%.*s%> directive output may be truncated writing " "%wu bytes into a region of size between %wu and " "%wu", (int) dir.len, d, res.min, avail_range.min, avail_range.max); else return fmtwarn_n (dirloc, argloc, NULL, info.warnopt (), res.min, "%<%.*s%> directive output truncated writing %wu " "byte into a region of size between %wu and %wu", "%<%.*s%> directive output truncated writing %wu " "bytes into a region of size between %wu and %wu", (int) dir.len, d, res.min, avail_range.min, avail_range.max); } if (res.min == 0 && res.max < maxbytes) return fmtwarn (dirloc, argloc, NULL, info.warnopt (), info.bounded ? (maybe ? G_("%<%.*s%> directive output may be truncated " "writing up to %wu bytes into a region of size " "between %wu and %wu") : G_("%<%.*s%> directive output truncated writing " "up to %wu bytes into a region of size between " "%wu and %wu")) : G_("%<%.*s%> directive writing up to %wu bytes " "into a region of size between %wu and %wu"), (int) dir.len, target_to_host (hostdir, sizeof hostdir, dir.beg), res.max, avail_range.min, avail_range.max); if (res.min == 0 && maxbytes <= res.max) /* This is a special case to avoid issuing the potentially confusing warning: writing 0 or more bytes into a region of size between 0 and N. */ return fmtwarn (dirloc, argloc, NULL, info.warnopt (), info.bounded ? (maybe ? G_("%<%.*s%> directive output may be truncated " "writing likely %wu or more bytes into a region " "of size between %wu and %wu") : G_("%<%.*s%> directive output truncated writing " "likely %wu or more bytes into a region of size " "between %wu and %wu")) : G_("%<%.*s%> directive writing likely %wu or more bytes " "into a region of size between %wu and %wu"), (int) dir.len, target_to_host (hostdir, sizeof hostdir, dir.beg), res.likely, avail_range.min, avail_range.max); if (res.max < maxbytes) return fmtwarn (dirloc, argloc, NULL, info.warnopt (), info.bounded ? (maybe ? G_("%<%.*s%> directive output may be truncated " "writing between %wu and %wu bytes into a region " "of size between %wu and %wu") : G_("%<%.*s%> directive output truncated writing " "between %wu and %wu bytes into a region of size " "between %wu and %wu")) : G_("%<%.*s%> directive writing between %wu and " "%wu bytes into a region of size between %wu and " "%wu"), (int) dir.len, target_to_host (hostdir, sizeof hostdir, dir.beg), res.min, res.max, avail_range.min, avail_range.max); return fmtwarn (dirloc, argloc, NULL, info.warnopt (), info.bounded ? (maybe ? G_("%<%.*s%> directive output may be truncated writing " "%wu or more bytes into a region of size between " "%wu and %wu") : G_("%<%.*s%> directive output truncated writing " "%wu or more bytes into a region of size between " "%wu and %wu")) : G_("%<%.*s%> directive writing %wu or more bytes " "into a region of size between %wu and %wu"), (int) dir.len, target_to_host (hostdir, sizeof hostdir, dir.beg), res.min, avail_range.min, avail_range.max); } /* Compute the length of the output resulting from the directive DIR in a call described by INFO and update the overall result of the call in *RES. Return true if the directive has been handled. */ static bool format_directive (const sprintf_dom_walker::call_info &info, format_result *res, const directive &dir, class vr_values *vr_values) { /* Offset of the beginning of the directive from the beginning of the format string. */ size_t offset = dir.beg - info.fmtstr; size_t start = offset; size_t length = offset + dir.len - !!dir.len; /* Create a location for the whole directive from the % to the format specifier. */ substring_loc dirloc (info.fmtloc, TREE_TYPE (info.format), offset, start, length); /* Also get the location of the argument if possible. This doesn't work for integer literals or function calls. */ location_t argloc = UNKNOWN_LOCATION; if (dir.arg) argloc = EXPR_LOCATION (dir.arg); /* Bail when there is no function to compute the output length, or when minimum length checking has been disabled. */ if (!dir.fmtfunc || res->range.min >= HOST_WIDE_INT_MAX) return false; /* Compute the range of lengths of the formatted output. */ fmtresult fmtres = dir.fmtfunc (dir, dir.arg, vr_values); /* Record whether the output of all directives is known to be bounded by some maximum, implying that their arguments are either known exactly or determined to be in a known range or, for strings, limited by the upper bounds of the arrays they refer to. */ res->knownrange &= fmtres.knownrange; if (!fmtres.knownrange) { /* Only when the range is known, check it against the host value of INT_MAX + (the number of bytes of the "%.*Lf" directive with INT_MAX precision, which is the longest possible output of any single directive). That's the largest valid byte count (though not valid call to a printf-like function because it can never return such a count). Otherwise, the range doesn't correspond to known values of the argument. */ if (fmtres.range.max > target_dir_max ()) { /* Normalize the MAX counter to avoid having to deal with it later. The counter can be less than HOST_WIDE_INT_M1U when compiling for an ILP32 target on an LP64 host. */ fmtres.range.max = HOST_WIDE_INT_M1U; /* Disable exact and maximum length checking after a failure to determine the maximum number of characters (for example for wide characters or wide character strings) but continue tracking the minimum number of characters. */ res->range.max = HOST_WIDE_INT_M1U; } if (fmtres.range.min > target_dir_max ()) { /* Disable exact length checking after a failure to determine even the minimum number of characters (it shouldn't happen except in an error) but keep tracking the minimum and maximum number of characters. */ return true; } } /* Buffer for the directive in the host character set (used when the source character set is different). */ char hostdir[32]; int dirlen = dir.len; if (fmtres.nullp) { fmtwarn (dirloc, argloc, NULL, info.warnopt (), "%G%<%.*s%> directive argument is null", info.callstmt, dirlen, target_to_host (hostdir, sizeof hostdir, dir.beg)); /* Don't bother processing the rest of the format string. */ res->warned = true; res->range.min = HOST_WIDE_INT_M1U; res->range.max = HOST_WIDE_INT_M1U; return false; } /* Compute the number of available bytes in the destination. There must always be at least one byte of space for the terminating NUL that's appended after the format string has been processed. */ result_range avail_range = bytes_remaining (info.objsize, *res); bool warned = res->warned; if (!warned) warned = maybe_warn (dirloc, argloc, info, avail_range, fmtres.range, dir); /* Bump up the total maximum if it isn't too big. */ if (res->range.max < HOST_WIDE_INT_MAX && fmtres.range.max < HOST_WIDE_INT_MAX) res->range.max += fmtres.range.max; /* Raise the total unlikely maximum by the larger of the maximum and the unlikely maximum. */ unsigned HOST_WIDE_INT save = res->range.unlikely; if (fmtres.range.max < fmtres.range.unlikely) res->range.unlikely += fmtres.range.unlikely; else res->range.unlikely += fmtres.range.max; if (res->range.unlikely < save) res->range.unlikely = HOST_WIDE_INT_M1U; res->range.min += fmtres.range.min; res->range.likely += fmtres.range.likely; /* Has the minimum directive output length exceeded the maximum of 4095 bytes required to be supported? */ bool minunder4k = fmtres.range.min < 4096; bool maxunder4k = fmtres.range.max < 4096; /* Clear POSUNDER4K in the overall result if the maximum has exceeded the 4k (this is necessary to avoid the return value optimization that may not be safe in the maximum case). */ if (!maxunder4k) res->posunder4k = false; /* Also clear POSUNDER4K if the directive may fail. */ if (fmtres.mayfail) res->posunder4k = false; if (!warned /* Only warn at level 2. */ && warn_level > 1 /* Only warn for string functions. */ && info.is_string_func () && (!minunder4k || (!maxunder4k && fmtres.range.max < HOST_WIDE_INT_MAX))) { /* The directive output may be longer than the maximum required to be handled by an implementation according to 7.21.6.1, p15 of C11. Warn on this only at level 2 but remember this and prevent folding the return value when done. This allows for the possibility of the actual libc call failing due to ENOMEM (like Glibc does with very large precision or width). Issue the "may exceed" warning only for string functions and not for fprintf or printf. */ if (fmtres.range.min == fmtres.range.max) warned = fmtwarn (dirloc, argloc, NULL, info.warnopt (), "%<%.*s%> directive output of %wu bytes exceeds " "minimum required size of 4095", dirlen, target_to_host (hostdir, sizeof hostdir, dir.beg), fmtres.range.min); else if (!minunder4k) warned = fmtwarn (dirloc, argloc, NULL, info.warnopt (), "%<%.*s%> directive output between %wu and %wu " "bytes exceeds minimum required size of 4095", dirlen, target_to_host (hostdir, sizeof hostdir, dir.beg), fmtres.range.min, fmtres.range.max); else if (!info.retval_used () && info.is_string_func ()) warned = fmtwarn (dirloc, argloc, NULL, info.warnopt (), "%<%.*s%> directive output between %wu and %wu " "bytes may exceed minimum required size of " "4095", dirlen, target_to_host (hostdir, sizeof hostdir, dir.beg), fmtres.range.min, fmtres.range.max); } /* Has the likely and maximum directive output exceeded INT_MAX? */ bool likelyximax = *dir.beg && res->range.likely > target_int_max (); /* Don't consider the maximum to be in excess when it's the result of a string of unknown length (i.e., whose maximum has been set to be greater than or equal to HOST_WIDE_INT_MAX. */ bool maxximax = (*dir.beg && res->range.max > target_int_max () && res->range.max < HOST_WIDE_INT_MAX); if (!warned /* Warn for the likely output size at level 1. */ && (likelyximax /* But only warn for the maximum at level 2. */ || (warn_level > 1 && maxximax && fmtres.range.max < HOST_WIDE_INT_MAX))) { if (fmtres.range.min > target_int_max ()) { /* The directive output exceeds INT_MAX bytes. */ if (fmtres.range.min == fmtres.range.max) warned = fmtwarn (dirloc, argloc, NULL, info.warnopt (), "%<%.*s%> directive output of %wu bytes exceeds " "%", dirlen, target_to_host (hostdir, sizeof hostdir, dir.beg), fmtres.range.min); else warned = fmtwarn (dirloc, argloc, NULL, info.warnopt (), "%<%.*s%> directive output between %wu and " "%wu bytes exceeds %", dirlen, target_to_host (hostdir, sizeof hostdir, dir.beg), fmtres.range.min, fmtres.range.max); } else if (res->range.min > target_int_max ()) { /* The directive output is under INT_MAX but causes the result to exceed INT_MAX bytes. */ if (fmtres.range.min == fmtres.range.max) warned = fmtwarn (dirloc, argloc, NULL, info.warnopt (), "%<%.*s%> directive output of %wu bytes causes " "result to exceed %", dirlen, target_to_host (hostdir, sizeof hostdir, dir.beg), fmtres.range.min); else warned = fmtwarn (dirloc, argloc, NULL, info.warnopt (), "%<%.*s%> directive output between %wu and " "%wu bytes causes result to exceed %", dirlen, target_to_host (hostdir, sizeof hostdir, dir.beg), fmtres.range.min, fmtres.range.max); } else if ((!info.retval_used () || !info.bounded) && (info.is_string_func ())) /* Warn for calls to string functions that either aren't bounded (sprintf) or whose return value isn't used. */ warned = fmtwarn (dirloc, argloc, NULL, info.warnopt (), "%<%.*s%> directive output between %wu and " "%wu bytes may cause result to exceed " "%", dirlen, target_to_host (hostdir, sizeof hostdir, dir.beg), fmtres.range.min, fmtres.range.max); } if (!warned && fmtres.nonstr) { warned = fmtwarn (dirloc, argloc, NULL, info.warnopt (), "%<%.*s%> directive argument is not a nul-terminated " "string", dirlen, target_to_host (hostdir, sizeof hostdir, dir.beg)); if (warned && DECL_P (fmtres.nonstr)) inform (DECL_SOURCE_LOCATION (fmtres.nonstr), "referenced argument declared here"); return false; } if (warned && fmtres.range.min < fmtres.range.likely && fmtres.range.likely < fmtres.range.max) inform_n (info.fmtloc, fmtres.range.likely, "assuming directive output of %wu byte", "assuming directive output of %wu bytes", fmtres.range.likely); if (warned && fmtres.argmin) { if (fmtres.argmin == fmtres.argmax) inform (info.fmtloc, "directive argument %qE", fmtres.argmin); else if (fmtres.knownrange) inform (info.fmtloc, "directive argument in the range [%E, %E]", fmtres.argmin, fmtres.argmax); else inform (info.fmtloc, "using the range [%E, %E] for directive argument", fmtres.argmin, fmtres.argmax); } res->warned |= warned; if (!dir.beg[0] && res->warned) { location_t callloc = gimple_location (info.callstmt); unsigned HOST_WIDE_INT min = res->range.min; unsigned HOST_WIDE_INT max = res->range.max; if (info.objsize < HOST_WIDE_INT_MAX) { /* If a warning has been issued for buffer overflow or truncation help the user figure out how big a buffer they need. */ if (min == max) inform_n (callloc, min, "%qE output %wu byte into a destination of size %wu", "%qE output %wu bytes into a destination of size %wu", info.func, min, info.objsize); else if (max < HOST_WIDE_INT_MAX) inform (callloc, "%qE output between %wu and %wu bytes into " "a destination of size %wu", info.func, min, max, info.objsize); else if (min < res->range.likely && res->range.likely < max) inform (callloc, "%qE output %wu or more bytes (assuming %wu) into " "a destination of size %wu", info.func, min, res->range.likely, info.objsize); else inform (callloc, "%qE output %wu or more bytes into a destination of size " "%wu", info.func, min, info.objsize); } else if (!info.is_string_func ()) { /* If the warning is for a file function function like fprintf of printf with no destination size just print the computed result. */ if (min == max) inform_n (callloc, min, "%qE output %wu byte", "%qE output %wu bytes", info.func, min); else if (max < HOST_WIDE_INT_MAX) inform (callloc, "%qE output between %wu and %wu bytes", info.func, min, max); else if (min < res->range.likely && res->range.likely < max) inform (callloc, "%qE output %wu or more bytes (assuming %wu)", info.func, min, res->range.likely); else inform (callloc, "%qE output %wu or more bytes", info.func, min); } } if (dump_file && *dir.beg) { fprintf (dump_file, " Result: " HOST_WIDE_INT_PRINT_DEC ", " HOST_WIDE_INT_PRINT_DEC ", " HOST_WIDE_INT_PRINT_DEC ", " HOST_WIDE_INT_PRINT_DEC " (" HOST_WIDE_INT_PRINT_DEC ", " HOST_WIDE_INT_PRINT_DEC ", " HOST_WIDE_INT_PRINT_DEC ", " HOST_WIDE_INT_PRINT_DEC ")\n", fmtres.range.min, fmtres.range.likely, fmtres.range.max, fmtres.range.unlikely, res->range.min, res->range.likely, res->range.max, res->range.unlikely); } return true; } /* Parse a format directive in function call described by INFO starting at STR and populate DIR structure. Bump up *ARGNO by the number of arguments extracted for the directive. Return the length of the directive. */ static size_t parse_directive (sprintf_dom_walker::call_info &info, directive &dir, format_result *res, const char *str, unsigned *argno, vr_values *vr_values) { const char *pcnt = strchr (str, target_percent); dir.beg = str; if (size_t len = pcnt ? pcnt - str : *str ? strlen (str) : 1) { /* This directive is either a plain string or the terminating nul (which isn't really a directive but it simplifies things to handle it as if it were). */ dir.len = len; dir.fmtfunc = format_plain; if (dump_file) { fprintf (dump_file, " Directive %u at offset " HOST_WIDE_INT_PRINT_UNSIGNED ": \"%.*s\", " "length = " HOST_WIDE_INT_PRINT_UNSIGNED "\n", dir.dirno, (unsigned HOST_WIDE_INT)(size_t)(dir.beg - info.fmtstr), (int)dir.len, dir.beg, (unsigned HOST_WIDE_INT) dir.len); } return len - !*str; } const char *pf = pcnt + 1; /* POSIX numbered argument index or zero when none. */ HOST_WIDE_INT dollar = 0; /* With and precision. -1 when not specified, HOST_WIDE_INT_MIN when given by a va_list argument, and a non-negative value when specified in the format string itself. */ HOST_WIDE_INT width = -1; HOST_WIDE_INT precision = -1; /* Pointers to the beginning of the width and precision decimal string (if any) within the directive. */ const char *pwidth = 0; const char *pprec = 0; /* When the value of the decimal string that specifies width or precision is out of range, points to the digit that causes the value to exceed the limit. */ const char *werange = NULL; const char *perange = NULL; /* Width specified via the asterisk. Need not be INTEGER_CST. For vararg functions set to void_node. */ tree star_width = NULL_TREE; /* Width specified via the asterisk. Need not be INTEGER_CST. For vararg functions set to void_node. */ tree star_precision = NULL_TREE; if (ISDIGIT (target_to_host (*pf))) { /* This could be either a POSIX positional argument, the '0' flag, or a width, depending on what follows. Store it as width and sort it out later after the next character has been seen. */ pwidth = pf; width = target_strtowi (&pf, &werange); } else if (target_to_host (*pf) == '*') { /* Similarly to the block above, this could be either a POSIX positional argument or a width, depending on what follows. */ if (*argno < gimple_call_num_args (info.callstmt)) star_width = gimple_call_arg (info.callstmt, (*argno)++); else star_width = void_node; ++pf; } if (target_to_host (*pf) == '$') { /* Handle the POSIX dollar sign which references the 1-based positional argument number. */ if (width != -1) dollar = width + info.argidx; else if (star_width && TREE_CODE (star_width) == INTEGER_CST && (TYPE_PRECISION (TREE_TYPE (star_width)) <= TYPE_PRECISION (integer_type_node))) dollar = width + tree_to_shwi (star_width); /* Bail when the numbered argument is out of range (it will have already been diagnosed by -Wformat). */ if (dollar == 0 || dollar == (int)info.argidx || dollar > gimple_call_num_args (info.callstmt)) return false; --dollar; star_width = NULL_TREE; width = -1; ++pf; } if (dollar || !star_width) { if (width != -1) { if (width == 0) { /* The '0' that has been interpreted as a width above is actually a flag. Reset HAVE_WIDTH, set the '0' flag, and continue processing other flags. */ width = -1; dir.set_flag ('0'); } else if (!dollar) { /* (Non-zero) width has been seen. The next character is either a period or a digit. */ goto start_precision; } } /* When either '$' has been seen, or width has not been seen, the next field is the optional flags followed by an optional width. */ for ( ; ; ) { switch (target_to_host (*pf)) { case ' ': case '0': case '+': case '-': case '#': dir.set_flag (target_to_host (*pf++)); break; default: goto start_width; } } start_width: if (ISDIGIT (target_to_host (*pf))) { werange = 0; pwidth = pf; width = target_strtowi (&pf, &werange); } else if (target_to_host (*pf) == '*') { if (*argno < gimple_call_num_args (info.callstmt)) star_width = gimple_call_arg (info.callstmt, (*argno)++); else { /* This is (likely) a va_list. It could also be an invalid call with insufficient arguments. */ star_width = void_node; } ++pf; } else if (target_to_host (*pf) == '\'') { /* The POSIX apostrophe indicating a numeric grouping in the current locale. Even though it's possible to estimate the upper bound on the size of the output based on the number of digits it probably isn't worth continuing. */ return 0; } } start_precision: if (target_to_host (*pf) == '.') { ++pf; if (ISDIGIT (target_to_host (*pf))) { pprec = pf; precision = target_strtowi (&pf, &perange); } else if (target_to_host (*pf) == '*') { if (*argno < gimple_call_num_args (info.callstmt)) star_precision = gimple_call_arg (info.callstmt, (*argno)++); else { /* This is (likely) a va_list. It could also be an invalid call with insufficient arguments. */ star_precision = void_node; } ++pf; } else { /* The decimal precision or the asterisk are optional. When neither is dirified it's taken to be zero. */ precision = 0; } } switch (target_to_host (*pf)) { case 'h': if (target_to_host (pf[1]) == 'h') { ++pf; dir.modifier = FMT_LEN_hh; } else dir.modifier = FMT_LEN_h; ++pf; break; case 'j': dir.modifier = FMT_LEN_j; ++pf; break; case 'L': dir.modifier = FMT_LEN_L; ++pf; break; case 'l': if (target_to_host (pf[1]) == 'l') { ++pf; dir.modifier = FMT_LEN_ll; } else dir.modifier = FMT_LEN_l; ++pf; break; case 't': dir.modifier = FMT_LEN_t; ++pf; break; case 'z': dir.modifier = FMT_LEN_z; ++pf; break; } switch (target_to_host (*pf)) { /* Handle a sole '%' character the same as "%%" but since it's undefined prevent the result from being folded. */ case '\0': --pf; res->range.min = res->range.max = HOST_WIDE_INT_M1U; /* FALLTHRU */ case '%': dir.fmtfunc = format_percent; break; case 'a': case 'A': case 'e': case 'E': case 'f': case 'F': case 'g': case 'G': res->floating = true; dir.fmtfunc = format_floating; break; case 'd': case 'i': case 'o': case 'u': case 'x': case 'X': dir.fmtfunc = format_integer; break; case 'p': /* The %p output is implementation-defined. It's possible to determine this format but due to extensions (edirially those of the Linux kernel -- see bug 78512) the first %p in the format string disables any further processing. */ return false; case 'n': /* %n has side-effects even when nothing is actually printed to any buffer. */ info.nowrite = false; dir.fmtfunc = format_none; break; case 'C': case 'c': /* POSIX wide character and C/POSIX narrow character. */ dir.fmtfunc = format_character; break; case 'S': case 's': /* POSIX wide string and C/POSIX narrow character string. */ dir.fmtfunc = format_string; break; default: /* Unknown conversion specification. */ return 0; } dir.specifier = target_to_host (*pf++); /* Store the length of the format directive. */ dir.len = pf - pcnt; /* Buffer for the directive in the host character set (used when the source character set is different). */ char hostdir[32]; if (star_width) { if (INTEGRAL_TYPE_P (TREE_TYPE (star_width))) dir.set_width (star_width, vr_values); else { /* Width specified by a va_list takes on the range [0, -INT_MIN] (width is the absolute value of that specified). */ dir.width[0] = 0; dir.width[1] = target_int_max () + 1; } } else { if (width == HOST_WIDE_INT_MAX && werange) { size_t begin = dir.beg - info.fmtstr + (pwidth - pcnt); size_t caret = begin + (werange - pcnt); size_t end = pf - info.fmtstr - 1; /* Create a location for the width part of the directive, pointing the caret at the first out-of-range digit. */ substring_loc dirloc (info.fmtloc, TREE_TYPE (info.format), caret, begin, end); fmtwarn (dirloc, UNKNOWN_LOCATION, NULL, info.warnopt (), "%<%.*s%> directive width out of range", (int) dir.len, target_to_host (hostdir, sizeof hostdir, dir.beg)); } dir.set_width (width); } if (star_precision) { if (INTEGRAL_TYPE_P (TREE_TYPE (star_precision))) dir.set_precision (star_precision, vr_values); else { /* Precision specified by a va_list takes on the range [-1, INT_MAX] (unlike width, negative precision is ignored). */ dir.prec[0] = -1; dir.prec[1] = target_int_max (); } } else { if (precision == HOST_WIDE_INT_MAX && perange) { size_t begin = dir.beg - info.fmtstr + (pprec - pcnt) - 1; size_t caret = dir.beg - info.fmtstr + (perange - pcnt) - 1; size_t end = pf - info.fmtstr - 2; /* Create a location for the precision part of the directive, including the leading period, pointing the caret at the first out-of-range digit . */ substring_loc dirloc (info.fmtloc, TREE_TYPE (info.format), caret, begin, end); fmtwarn (dirloc, UNKNOWN_LOCATION, NULL, info.warnopt (), "%<%.*s%> directive precision out of range", (int) dir.len, target_to_host (hostdir, sizeof hostdir, dir.beg)); } dir.set_precision (precision); } /* Extract the argument if the directive takes one and if it's available (e.g., the function doesn't take a va_list). Treat missing arguments the same as va_list, even though they will have likely already been diagnosed by -Wformat. */ if (dir.specifier != '%' && *argno < gimple_call_num_args (info.callstmt)) dir.arg = gimple_call_arg (info.callstmt, dollar ? dollar : (*argno)++); if (dump_file) { fprintf (dump_file, " Directive %u at offset " HOST_WIDE_INT_PRINT_UNSIGNED ": \"%.*s\"", dir.dirno, (unsigned HOST_WIDE_INT)(size_t)(dir.beg - info.fmtstr), (int)dir.len, dir.beg); if (star_width) { if (dir.width[0] == dir.width[1]) fprintf (dump_file, ", width = " HOST_WIDE_INT_PRINT_DEC, dir.width[0]); else fprintf (dump_file, ", width in range [" HOST_WIDE_INT_PRINT_DEC ", " HOST_WIDE_INT_PRINT_DEC "]", dir.width[0], dir.width[1]); } if (star_precision) { if (dir.prec[0] == dir.prec[1]) fprintf (dump_file, ", precision = " HOST_WIDE_INT_PRINT_DEC, dir.prec[0]); else fprintf (dump_file, ", precision in range [" HOST_WIDE_INT_PRINT_DEC HOST_WIDE_INT_PRINT_DEC "]", dir.prec[0], dir.prec[1]); } fputc ('\n', dump_file); } return dir.len; } /* Compute the length of the output resulting from the call to a formatted output function described by INFO and store the result of the call in *RES. Issue warnings for detected past the end writes. Return true if the complete format string has been processed and *RES can be relied on, false otherwise (e.g., when a unknown or unhandled directive was seen that caused the processing to be terminated early). */ bool sprintf_dom_walker::compute_format_length (call_info &info, format_result *res) { if (dump_file) { location_t callloc = gimple_location (info.callstmt); fprintf (dump_file, "%s:%i: ", LOCATION_FILE (callloc), LOCATION_LINE (callloc)); print_generic_expr (dump_file, info.func, dump_flags); fprintf (dump_file, ": objsize = " HOST_WIDE_INT_PRINT_UNSIGNED ", fmtstr = \"%s\"\n", info.objsize, info.fmtstr); } /* Reset the minimum and maximum byte counters. */ res->range.min = res->range.max = 0; /* No directive has been seen yet so the length of output is bounded by the known range [0, 0] (with no conversion resulting in a failure or producing more than 4K bytes) until determined otherwise. */ res->knownrange = true; res->floating = false; res->warned = false; /* 1-based directive counter. */ unsigned dirno = 1; /* The variadic argument counter. */ unsigned argno = info.argidx; for (const char *pf = info.fmtstr; ; ++dirno) { directive dir = directive (); dir.dirno = dirno; size_t n = parse_directive (info, dir, res, pf, &argno, evrp_range_analyzer.get_vr_values ()); /* Return failure if the format function fails. */ if (!format_directive (info, res, dir, evrp_range_analyzer.get_vr_values ())) return false; /* Return success the directive is zero bytes long and it's the last think in the format string (i.e., it's the terminating nul, which isn't really a directive but handling it as one makes things simpler). */ if (!n) return *pf == '\0'; pf += n; } /* The complete format string was processed (with or without warnings). */ return true; } /* Return the size of the object referenced by the expression DEST if available, or the maximum possible size otherwise. */ static unsigned HOST_WIDE_INT get_destination_size (tree dest) { /* When there is no destination return the maximum. */ if (!dest) return HOST_WIDE_INT_MAX; /* Initialize object size info before trying to compute it. */ init_object_sizes (); /* Use __builtin_object_size to determine the size of the destination object. When optimizing, determine the smallest object (such as a member array as opposed to the whole enclosing object), otherwise use type-zero object size to determine the size of the enclosing object (the function fails without optimization in this type). */ int ost = optimize > 0; unsigned HOST_WIDE_INT size; if (compute_builtin_object_size (dest, ost, &size)) return size; return HOST_WIDE_INT_MAX; } /* Return true if the call described by INFO with result RES safe to optimize (i.e., no undefined behavior), and set RETVAL to the range of its return values. */ static bool is_call_safe (const sprintf_dom_walker::call_info &info, const format_result &res, bool under4k, unsigned HOST_WIDE_INT retval[2]) { if (under4k && !res.posunder4k) return false; /* The minimum return value. */ retval[0] = res.range.min; /* The maximum return value is in most cases bounded by RES.RANGE.MAX but in cases involving multibyte characters could be as large as RES.RANGE.UNLIKELY. */ retval[1] = res.range.unlikely < res.range.max ? res.range.max : res.range.unlikely; /* Adjust the number of bytes which includes the terminating nul to reflect the return value of the function which does not. Because the valid range of the function is [INT_MIN, INT_MAX], a valid range before the adjustment below is [0, INT_MAX + 1] (the functions only return negative values on error or undefined behavior). */ if (retval[0] <= target_int_max () + 1) --retval[0]; if (retval[1] <= target_int_max () + 1) --retval[1]; /* Avoid the return value optimization when the behavior of the call is undefined either because any directive may have produced 4K or more of output, or the return value exceeds INT_MAX, or because the output overflows the destination object (but leave it enabled when the function is bounded because then the behavior is well- defined). */ if (retval[0] == retval[1] && (info.bounded || retval[0] < info.objsize) && retval[0] <= target_int_max ()) return true; if ((info.bounded || retval[1] < info.objsize) && (retval[0] < target_int_max () && retval[1] < target_int_max ())) return true; if (!under4k && (info.bounded || retval[0] < info.objsize)) return true; return false; } /* Given a suitable result RES of a call to a formatted output function described by INFO, substitute the result for the return value of the call. The result is suitable if the number of bytes it represents is known and exact. A result that isn't suitable for substitution may have its range set to the range of return values, if that is known. Return true if the call is removed and gsi_next should not be performed in the caller. */ static bool try_substitute_return_value (gimple_stmt_iterator *gsi, const sprintf_dom_walker::call_info &info, const format_result &res) { tree lhs = gimple_get_lhs (info.callstmt); /* Set to true when the entire call has been removed. */ bool removed = false; /* The minimum and maximum return value. */ unsigned HOST_WIDE_INT retval[2]; bool safe = is_call_safe (info, res, true, retval); if (safe && retval[0] == retval[1] /* Not prepared to handle possibly throwing calls here; they shouldn't appear in non-artificial testcases, except when the __*_chk routines are badly declared. */ && !stmt_ends_bb_p (info.callstmt)) { tree cst = build_int_cst (lhs ? TREE_TYPE (lhs) : integer_type_node, retval[0]); if (lhs == NULL_TREE && info.nowrite) { /* Remove the call to the bounded function with a zero size (e.g., snprintf(0, 0, "%i", 123)) if there is no lhs. */ unlink_stmt_vdef (info.callstmt); gsi_remove (gsi, true); removed = true; } else if (info.nowrite) { /* Replace the call to the bounded function with a zero size (e.g., snprintf(0, 0, "%i", 123) with the constant result of the function. */ if (!update_call_from_tree (gsi, cst)) gimplify_and_update_call_from_tree (gsi, cst); gimple *callstmt = gsi_stmt (*gsi); update_stmt (callstmt); } else if (lhs) { /* Replace the left-hand side of the call with the constant result of the formatted function. */ gimple_call_set_lhs (info.callstmt, NULL_TREE); gimple *g = gimple_build_assign (lhs, cst); gsi_insert_after (gsi, g, GSI_NEW_STMT); update_stmt (info.callstmt); } if (dump_file) { if (removed) fprintf (dump_file, " Removing call statement."); else { fprintf (dump_file, " Substituting "); print_generic_expr (dump_file, cst, dump_flags); fprintf (dump_file, " for %s.\n", info.nowrite ? "statement" : "return value"); } } } else if (lhs && types_compatible_p (TREE_TYPE (lhs), integer_type_node)) { bool setrange = false; if (safe && (info.bounded || retval[1] < info.objsize) && (retval[0] < target_int_max () && retval[1] < target_int_max ())) { /* If the result is in a valid range bounded by the size of the destination set it so that it can be used for subsequent optimizations. */ int prec = TYPE_PRECISION (integer_type_node); wide_int min = wi::shwi (retval[0], prec); wide_int max = wi::shwi (retval[1], prec); set_range_info (lhs, VR_RANGE, min, max); setrange = true; } if (dump_file) { const char *inbounds = (retval[0] < info.objsize ? (retval[1] < info.objsize ? "in" : "potentially out-of") : "out-of"); const char *what = setrange ? "Setting" : "Discarding"; if (retval[0] != retval[1]) fprintf (dump_file, " %s %s-bounds return value range [" HOST_WIDE_INT_PRINT_UNSIGNED ", " HOST_WIDE_INT_PRINT_UNSIGNED "].\n", what, inbounds, retval[0], retval[1]); else fprintf (dump_file, " %s %s-bounds return value " HOST_WIDE_INT_PRINT_UNSIGNED ".\n", what, inbounds, retval[0]); } } if (dump_file) fputc ('\n', dump_file); return removed; } /* Try to simplify a s{,n}printf call described by INFO with result RES by replacing it with a simpler and presumably more efficient call (such as strcpy). */ static bool try_simplify_call (gimple_stmt_iterator *gsi, const sprintf_dom_walker::call_info &info, const format_result &res) { unsigned HOST_WIDE_INT dummy[2]; if (!is_call_safe (info, res, info.retval_used (), dummy)) return false; switch (info.fncode) { case BUILT_IN_SNPRINTF: return gimple_fold_builtin_snprintf (gsi); case BUILT_IN_SPRINTF: return gimple_fold_builtin_sprintf (gsi); default: ; } return false; } /* Return the zero-based index of the format string argument of a printf like function and set *IDX_ARGS to the first format argument. When no such index exists return UINT_MAX. */ static unsigned get_user_idx_format (tree fndecl, unsigned *idx_args) { tree attrs = lookup_attribute ("format", DECL_ATTRIBUTES (fndecl)); if (!attrs) attrs = lookup_attribute ("format", TYPE_ATTRIBUTES (TREE_TYPE (fndecl))); if (!attrs) return UINT_MAX; attrs = TREE_VALUE (attrs); tree archetype = TREE_VALUE (attrs); if (strcmp ("printf", IDENTIFIER_POINTER (archetype))) return UINT_MAX; attrs = TREE_CHAIN (attrs); tree fmtarg = TREE_VALUE (attrs); attrs = TREE_CHAIN (attrs); tree elliparg = TREE_VALUE (attrs); /* Attribute argument indices are 1-based but we use zero-based. */ *idx_args = tree_to_uhwi (elliparg) - 1; return tree_to_uhwi (fmtarg) - 1; } /* Determine if a GIMPLE CALL is to one of the sprintf-like built-in functions and if so, handle it. Return true if the call is removed and gsi_next should not be performed in the caller. */ bool sprintf_dom_walker::handle_gimple_call (gimple_stmt_iterator *gsi) { call_info info = call_info (); info.callstmt = gsi_stmt (*gsi); info.func = gimple_call_fndecl (info.callstmt); if (!info.func) return false; /* Format string argument number (valid for all functions). */ unsigned idx_format = UINT_MAX; if (gimple_call_builtin_p (info.callstmt, BUILT_IN_NORMAL)) info.fncode = DECL_FUNCTION_CODE (info.func); else { unsigned idx_args; idx_format = get_user_idx_format (info.func, &idx_args); if (idx_format == UINT_MAX || idx_format >= gimple_call_num_args (info.callstmt) || idx_args > gimple_call_num_args (info.callstmt) || !POINTER_TYPE_P (TREE_TYPE (gimple_call_arg (info.callstmt, idx_format)))) return false; info.fncode = BUILT_IN_NONE; info.argidx = idx_args; } /* The size of the destination as in snprintf(dest, size, ...). */ unsigned HOST_WIDE_INT dstsize = HOST_WIDE_INT_M1U; /* The size of the destination determined by __builtin_object_size. */ unsigned HOST_WIDE_INT objsize = HOST_WIDE_INT_M1U; /* Zero-based buffer size argument number (snprintf and vsnprintf). */ unsigned idx_dstsize = UINT_MAX; /* Object size argument number (snprintf_chk and vsnprintf_chk). */ unsigned idx_objsize = UINT_MAX; /* Destinaton argument number (valid for sprintf functions only). */ unsigned idx_dstptr = 0; switch (info.fncode) { case BUILT_IN_NONE: // User-defined function with attribute format (printf). idx_dstptr = -1; break; case BUILT_IN_FPRINTF: // Signature: // __builtin_fprintf (FILE*, format, ...) idx_format = 1; info.argidx = 2; idx_dstptr = -1; break; case BUILT_IN_FPRINTF_CHK: // Signature: // __builtin_fprintf_chk (FILE*, ost, format, ...) idx_format = 2; info.argidx = 3; idx_dstptr = -1; break; case BUILT_IN_FPRINTF_UNLOCKED: // Signature: // __builtin_fprintf_unnlocked (FILE*, format, ...) idx_format = 1; info.argidx = 2; idx_dstptr = -1; break; case BUILT_IN_PRINTF: // Signature: // __builtin_printf (format, ...) idx_format = 0; info.argidx = 1; idx_dstptr = -1; break; case BUILT_IN_PRINTF_CHK: // Signature: // __builtin_printf_chk (ost, format, ...) idx_format = 1; info.argidx = 2; idx_dstptr = -1; break; case BUILT_IN_PRINTF_UNLOCKED: // Signature: // __builtin_printf (format, ...) idx_format = 0; info.argidx = 1; idx_dstptr = -1; break; case BUILT_IN_SPRINTF: // Signature: // __builtin_sprintf (dst, format, ...) idx_format = 1; info.argidx = 2; break; case BUILT_IN_SPRINTF_CHK: // Signature: // __builtin___sprintf_chk (dst, ost, objsize, format, ...) idx_objsize = 2; idx_format = 3; info.argidx = 4; break; case BUILT_IN_SNPRINTF: // Signature: // __builtin_snprintf (dst, size, format, ...) idx_dstsize = 1; idx_format = 2; info.argidx = 3; info.bounded = true; break; case BUILT_IN_SNPRINTF_CHK: // Signature: // __builtin___snprintf_chk (dst, size, ost, objsize, format, ...) idx_dstsize = 1; idx_objsize = 3; idx_format = 4; info.argidx = 5; info.bounded = true; break; case BUILT_IN_VFPRINTF: // Signature: // __builtin_vprintf (FILE*, format, va_list) idx_format = 1; info.argidx = -1; idx_dstptr = -1; break; case BUILT_IN_VFPRINTF_CHK: // Signature: // __builtin___vfprintf_chk (FILE*, ost, format, va_list) idx_format = 2; info.argidx = -1; idx_dstptr = -1; break; case BUILT_IN_VPRINTF: // Signature: // __builtin_vprintf (format, va_list) idx_format = 0; info.argidx = -1; idx_dstptr = -1; break; case BUILT_IN_VPRINTF_CHK: // Signature: // __builtin___vprintf_chk (ost, format, va_list) idx_format = 1; info.argidx = -1; idx_dstptr = -1; break; case BUILT_IN_VSNPRINTF: // Signature: // __builtin_vsprintf (dst, size, format, va) idx_dstsize = 1; idx_format = 2; info.argidx = -1; info.bounded = true; break; case BUILT_IN_VSNPRINTF_CHK: // Signature: // __builtin___vsnprintf_chk (dst, size, ost, objsize, format, va) idx_dstsize = 1; idx_objsize = 3; idx_format = 4; info.argidx = -1; info.bounded = true; break; case BUILT_IN_VSPRINTF: // Signature: // __builtin_vsprintf (dst, format, va) idx_format = 1; info.argidx = -1; break; case BUILT_IN_VSPRINTF_CHK: // Signature: // __builtin___vsprintf_chk (dst, ost, objsize, format, va) idx_format = 3; idx_objsize = 2; info.argidx = -1; break; default: return false; } /* Set the global warning level for this function. */ warn_level = info.bounded ? warn_format_trunc : warn_format_overflow; /* For all string functions the first argument is a pointer to the destination. */ tree dstptr = (idx_dstptr < gimple_call_num_args (info.callstmt) ? gimple_call_arg (info.callstmt, 0) : NULL_TREE); info.format = gimple_call_arg (info.callstmt, idx_format); /* True when the destination size is constant as opposed to the lower or upper bound of a range. */ bool dstsize_cst_p = true; bool posunder4k = true; if (idx_dstsize == UINT_MAX) { /* For non-bounded functions like sprintf, determine the size of the destination from the object or pointer passed to it as the first argument. */ dstsize = get_destination_size (dstptr); } else if (tree size = gimple_call_arg (info.callstmt, idx_dstsize)) { /* For bounded functions try to get the size argument. */ if (TREE_CODE (size) == INTEGER_CST) { dstsize = tree_to_uhwi (size); /* No object can be larger than SIZE_MAX bytes (half the address space) on the target. The functions are defined only for output of at most INT_MAX bytes. Specifying a bound in excess of that limit effectively defeats the bounds checking (and on some implementations such as Solaris cause the function to fail with EINVAL). */ if (dstsize > target_size_max () / 2) { /* Avoid warning if -Wstringop-overflow is specified since it also warns for the same thing though only for the checking built-ins. */ if ((idx_objsize == UINT_MAX || !warn_stringop_overflow)) warning_at (gimple_location (info.callstmt), info.warnopt (), "specified bound %wu exceeds maximum object size " "%wu", dstsize, target_size_max () / 2); /* POSIX requires snprintf to fail if DSTSIZE is greater than INT_MAX. Even though not all POSIX implementations conform to the requirement, avoid folding in this case. */ posunder4k = false; } else if (dstsize > target_int_max ()) { warning_at (gimple_location (info.callstmt), info.warnopt (), "specified bound %wu exceeds %", dstsize); /* POSIX requires snprintf to fail if DSTSIZE is greater than INT_MAX. Avoid folding in that case. */ posunder4k = false; } } else if (TREE_CODE (size) == SSA_NAME) { /* Try to determine the range of values of the argument and use the greater of the two at level 1 and the smaller of them at level 2. */ value_range *vr = evrp_range_analyzer.get_value_range (size); if (range_int_cst_p (vr)) { unsigned HOST_WIDE_INT minsize = TREE_INT_CST_LOW (vr->min ()); unsigned HOST_WIDE_INT maxsize = TREE_INT_CST_LOW (vr->max ()); dstsize = warn_level < 2 ? maxsize : minsize; if (minsize > target_int_max ()) warning_at (gimple_location (info.callstmt), info.warnopt (), "specified bound range [%wu, %wu] exceeds " "%", minsize, maxsize); /* POSIX requires snprintf to fail if DSTSIZE is greater than INT_MAX. Avoid folding if that's possible. */ if (maxsize > target_int_max ()) posunder4k = false; } else if (vr->varying_p ()) { /* POSIX requires snprintf to fail if DSTSIZE is greater than INT_MAX. Since SIZE's range is unknown, avoid folding. */ posunder4k = false; } /* The destination size is not constant. If the function is bounded (e.g., snprintf) a lower bound of zero doesn't necessarily imply it can be eliminated. */ dstsize_cst_p = false; } } if (idx_objsize != UINT_MAX) if (tree size = gimple_call_arg (info.callstmt, idx_objsize)) if (tree_fits_uhwi_p (size)) objsize = tree_to_uhwi (size); if (info.bounded && !dstsize) { /* As a special case, when the explicitly specified destination size argument (to a bounded function like snprintf) is zero it is a request to determine the number of bytes on output without actually producing any. Pretend the size is unlimited in this case. */ info.objsize = HOST_WIDE_INT_MAX; info.nowrite = dstsize_cst_p; } else { /* For calls to non-bounded functions or to those of bounded functions with a non-zero size, warn if the destination pointer is null. */ if (dstptr && integer_zerop (dstptr)) { /* This is diagnosed with -Wformat only when the null is a constant pointer. The warning here diagnoses instances where the pointer is not constant. */ location_t loc = gimple_location (info.callstmt); warning_at (EXPR_LOC_OR_LOC (dstptr, loc), info.warnopt (), "%Gnull destination pointer", info.callstmt); return false; } /* Set the object size to the smaller of the two arguments of both have been specified and they're not equal. */ info.objsize = dstsize < objsize ? dstsize : objsize; if (info.bounded && dstsize < target_size_max () / 2 && objsize < dstsize /* Avoid warning if -Wstringop-overflow is specified since it also warns for the same thing though only for the checking built-ins. */ && (idx_objsize == UINT_MAX || !warn_stringop_overflow)) { warning_at (gimple_location (info.callstmt), info.warnopt (), "specified bound %wu exceeds the size %wu " "of the destination object", dstsize, objsize); } } /* Determine if the format argument may be null and warn if not and if the argument is null. */ if (integer_zerop (info.format) && gimple_call_builtin_p (info.callstmt, BUILT_IN_NORMAL)) { location_t loc = gimple_location (info.callstmt); warning_at (EXPR_LOC_OR_LOC (info.format, loc), info.warnopt (), "%Gnull format string", info.callstmt); return false; } info.fmtstr = get_format_string (info.format, &info.fmtloc); if (!info.fmtstr) return false; /* The result is the number of bytes output by the formatted function, including the terminating NUL. */ format_result res = format_result (); /* I/O functions with no destination argument (i.e., all forms of fprintf and printf) may fail under any conditions. Others (i.e., all forms of sprintf) may only fail under specific conditions determined for each directive. Clear POSUNDER4K for the former set of functions and set it to true for the latter (it can only be cleared later, but it is never set to true again). */ res.posunder4k = posunder4k && dstptr; bool success = compute_format_length (info, &res); if (res.warned) gimple_set_no_warning (info.callstmt, true); /* When optimizing and the printf return value optimization is enabled, attempt to substitute the computed result for the return value of the call. Avoid this optimization when -frounding-math is in effect and the format string contains a floating point directive. */ bool call_removed = false; if (success && optimize > 0) { /* Save a copy of the iterator pointing at the call. The iterator may change to point past the call in try_substitute_return_value but the original value is needed in try_simplify_call. */ gimple_stmt_iterator gsi_call = *gsi; if (flag_printf_return_value && (!flag_rounding_math || !res.floating)) call_removed = try_substitute_return_value (gsi, info, res); if (!call_removed) try_simplify_call (&gsi_call, info, res); } return call_removed; } edge sprintf_dom_walker::before_dom_children (basic_block bb) { evrp_range_analyzer.enter (bb); for (gimple_stmt_iterator si = gsi_start_bb (bb); !gsi_end_p (si); ) { /* Iterate over statements, looking for function calls. */ gimple *stmt = gsi_stmt (si); /* First record ranges generated by this statement. */ evrp_range_analyzer.record_ranges_from_stmt (stmt, false); if (is_gimple_call (stmt) && handle_gimple_call (&si)) /* If handle_gimple_call returns true, the iterator is already pointing to the next statement. */ continue; gsi_next (&si); } return NULL; } void sprintf_dom_walker::after_dom_children (basic_block bb) { evrp_range_analyzer.leave (bb); } /* Execute the pass for function FUN. */ unsigned int pass_sprintf_length::execute (function *fun) { init_target_to_host_charmap (); calculate_dominance_info (CDI_DOMINATORS); bool use_scev = optimize > 0 && flag_printf_return_value; if (use_scev) { loop_optimizer_init (LOOPS_NORMAL); scev_initialize (); } sprintf_dom_walker sprintf_dom_walker; sprintf_dom_walker.walk (ENTRY_BLOCK_PTR_FOR_FN (fun)); if (use_scev) { scev_finalize (); loop_optimizer_finalize (); } /* Clean up object size info. */ fini_object_sizes (); return 0; } } /* Unnamed namespace. */ /* Return a pointer to a pass object newly constructed from the context CTXT. */ gimple_opt_pass * make_pass_sprintf_length (gcc::context *ctxt) { return new pass_sprintf_length (ctxt); }