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-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--- --
--- GNAT RUN-TIME COMPONENTS --
--- --
--- S Y S T E M . M M A P --
--- --
--- S p e c --
--- --
--- Copyright (C) 2007-2016, AdaCore --
--- --
--- This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it --
--- under terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free --
--- Software Foundation; either version 3, or (at your option) any later --
--- version. This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, --
--- but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHAN- --
--- TABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. --
--- --
--- As a special exception under Section 7 of GPL version 3, you are granted --
--- additional permissions described in the GCC Runtime Library Exception, --
--- version 3.1, as published by the Free Software Foundation. --
--- --
--- You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License and --
--- a copy of the GCC Runtime Library Exception along with this program; --
--- see the files COPYING3 and COPYING.RUNTIME respectively. If not, see --
--- <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>. --
--- --
--- GNAT was originally developed by the GNAT team at New York University. --
--- Extensive contributions were provided by Ada Core Technologies Inc. --
--- --
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
--- This package provides memory mapping of files. Depending on your operating
--- system, this might provide a more efficient method for accessing the
--- contents of files.
--- A description of memory-mapping is available on the sqlite page, at:
--- http://www.sqlite.org/mmap.html
---
--- The traditional method for reading a file is to allocate a buffer in the
--- application address space, then open the file and copy its contents. When
--- memory mapping is available though, the application asks the operating
--- system to return a pointer to the requested page, if possible. If the
--- requested page has been or can be mapped into the application address
--- space, the system returns a pointer to that page for the application to
--- use without having to copy anything. Skipping the copy step is what makes
--- memory mapped I/O faster.
---
--- When memory mapping is not available, this package automatically falls
--- back to the traditional copy method.
---
--- Example of use for this package, when reading a file that can be fully
--- mapped
---
--- declare
--- File : Mapped_File;
--- Str : Str_Access;
--- begin
--- File := Open_Read ("/tmp/file_on_disk");
--- Read (File); -- read the whole file
--- Str := Data (File);
--- for S in 1 .. Last (File) loop
--- Put (Str (S));
--- end loop;
--- Close (File);
--- end;
---
--- When the file is big, or you only want to access part of it at a given
--- time, you can use the following type of code.
-
--- declare
--- File : Mapped_File;
--- Str : Str_Access;
--- Offs : File_Size := 0;
--- Page : constant Integer := Get_Page_Size;
--- begin
--- File := Open_Read ("/tmp/file_on_disk");
--- while Offs < Length (File) loop
--- Read (File, Offs, Length => Long_Integer (Page) * 4);
--- Str := Data (File);
---
--- -- Print characters for this chunk:
--- for S in Integer (Offs - Offset (File)) + 1 .. Last (File) loop
--- Put (Str (S));
--- end loop;
---
--- -- Since we are reading multiples of Get_Page_Size, we can simplify
--- -- with
--- -- for S in 1 .. Last (File) loop ...
---
--- Offs := Offs + Long_Integer (Last (File));
--- end loop;
-
-with Interfaces.C;
-
-with System.Strings;
-
-package System.Mmap is
-
- type Mapped_File is private;
- -- File to be mapped in memory.
-
- -- This package will use the fastest possible algorithm to load the
- -- file in memory. On systems that support it, the file is not really
- -- loaded in memory. Instead, a call to the mmap() system call (or
- -- CreateFileMapping()) will keep the file on disk, but make it
- -- accessible as if it was in memory.
-
- -- When the system does not support it, the file is actually loaded in
- -- memory through calls to read(), and written back with write() when you
- -- close it. This is of course much slower.
-
- -- Legacy: each mapped file has a "default" mapped region in it.
-
- type Mapped_Region is private;
- -- A representation of part of a file in memory. Actual reading/writing
- -- is done through a mapped region. After being returned by Read, a mapped
- -- region must be free'd when done. If the original Mapped_File was open
- -- for reading, it can be closed before the mapped region is free'd.
-
- Invalid_Mapped_File : constant Mapped_File;
- Invalid_Mapped_Region : constant Mapped_Region;
-
- type Unconstrained_String is new String (Positive);
- type Str_Access is access all Unconstrained_String;
- pragma No_Strict_Aliasing (Str_Access);
-
- type File_Size is new Interfaces.C.size_t;
-
- function To_Str_Access
- (Str : System.Strings.String_Access) return Str_Access;
- -- Convert Str. The returned value points to the same memory block, but no
- -- longer includes the bounds, which you need to manage yourself
-
- function Open_Read
- (Filename : String;
- Use_Mmap_If_Available : Boolean := True) return Mapped_File;
- -- Open a file for reading. The same file can be shared by multiple
- -- processes, that will see each others's changes as they occur.
- -- Any attempt to write the data might result in a segmentation fault,
- -- depending on how the file is open.
- -- Name_Error is raised if the file does not exist.
- -- Filename should be compatible with the filesystem.
-
- function Open_Read_No_Exception
- (Filename : String;
- Use_Mmap_If_Available : Boolean := True) return Mapped_File;
- -- Like Open_Read but return Invalid_Mapped_File in case of error
-
- function Open_Write
- (Filename : String;
- Use_Mmap_If_Available : Boolean := True) return Mapped_File;
- -- Open a file for writing.
- -- You cannot change the length of the file.
- -- Name_Error is raised if the file does not exist
- -- Filename should be compatible with the filesystem.
-
- procedure Close (File : in out Mapped_File);
- -- Close the file, and unmap the memory that is used for the region
- -- contained in File. If the system does not support the unmmap() system
- -- call or equivalent, or these were not available for the file itself,
- -- then the file is written back to the disk if it was opened for writing.
-
- procedure Free (Region : in out Mapped_Region);
- -- Unmap the memory that is used for this region and deallocate the region
-
- procedure Read
- (File : Mapped_File;
- Region : in out Mapped_Region;
- Offset : File_Size := 0;
- Length : File_Size := 0;
- Mutable : Boolean := False);
- -- Read a specific part of File and set Region to the corresponding mapped
- -- region, or re-use it if possible.
- -- Offset is the number of bytes since the beginning of the file at which
- -- we should start reading. Length is the number of bytes that should be
- -- read. If set to 0, as much of the file as possible is read (presumably
- -- the whole file unless you are reading a _huge_ file).
- -- Note that no (un)mapping is is done if that part of the file is already
- -- available through Region.
- -- If the file was opened for writing, any modification you do to the
- -- data stored in File will be stored on disk (either immediately when the
- -- file is opened through a mmap() system call, or when the file is closed
- -- otherwise).
- -- Mutable is processed only for reading files. If set to True, the
- -- data can be modified, even through it will not be carried through the
- -- underlying file, nor it is guaranteed to be carried through remapping.
- -- This function takes care of page size alignment issues. The accessors
- -- below only expose the region that has been requested by this call, even
- -- if more bytes were actually mapped by this function.
- -- TODO??? Enable to have a private copy for readable files
-
- function Read
- (File : Mapped_File;
- Offset : File_Size := 0;
- Length : File_Size := 0;
- Mutable : Boolean := False) return Mapped_Region;
- -- Likewise, return a new mapped region
-
- procedure Read
- (File : Mapped_File;
- Offset : File_Size := 0;
- Length : File_Size := 0;
- Mutable : Boolean := False);
- -- Likewise, use the legacy "default" region in File
-
- function Length (File : Mapped_File) return File_Size;
- -- Size of the file on the disk
-
- function Offset (Region : Mapped_Region) return File_Size;
- -- Return the offset, in the physical file on disk, corresponding to the
- -- requested mapped region. The first byte in the file has offest 0.
-
- function Offset (File : Mapped_File) return File_Size;
- -- Likewise for the region contained in File
-
- function Last (Region : Mapped_Region) return Integer;
- -- Return the number of requested bytes mapped in this region. It is
- -- erroneous to access Data for indices outside 1 .. Last (Region).
- -- Such accesses may cause Storage_Error to be raised.
-
- function Last (File : Mapped_File) return Integer;
- -- Return the number of requested bytes mapped in the region contained in
- -- File. It is erroneous to access Data for indices outside of 1 .. Last
- -- (File); such accesses may cause Storage_Error to be raised.
-
- function Data (Region : Mapped_Region) return Str_Access;
- pragma Inline (Data);
- -- The data mapped in Region as requested. The result is an unconstrained
- -- string, so you cannot use the usual 'First and 'Last attributes.
- -- Instead, these are respectively 1 and Size.
-
- function Data (File : Mapped_File) return Str_Access;
- pragma Inline (Data);
- -- Likewise for the region contained in File
-
- function Is_Mutable (Region : Mapped_Region) return Boolean;
- -- Return whether it is safe to change bytes in Data (Region). This is true
- -- for regions from writeable files, for regions mapped with the "Mutable"
- -- flag set, and for regions that are copied in a buffer. Note that it is
- -- not specified whether empty regions are mutable or not, since there is
- -- no byte no modify.
-
- function Is_Mmapped (File : Mapped_File) return Boolean;
- -- Whether regions for this file are opened through an mmap() system call
- -- or equivalent. This is in general irrelevant to your application, unless
- -- the file can be accessed by multiple concurrent processes or tasks. In
- -- such a case, and if the file is indeed mmap-ed, then the various parts
- -- of the file can be written simulatenously, and thus you cannot ensure
- -- the integrity of the file. If the file is not mmapped, the latest
- -- process to Close it overwrite what other processes have done.
-
- function Get_Page_Size return Integer;
- -- Returns the number of bytes in a page. Once a file is mapped from the
- -- disk, its offset and Length should be multiples of this page size (which
- -- is ensured by this package in any case). Knowing this page size allows
- -- you to map as much memory as possible at once, thus potentially reducing
- -- the number of system calls to read the file by chunks.
-
- function Read_Whole_File
- (Filename : String;
- Empty_If_Not_Found : Boolean := False)
- return System.Strings.String_Access;
- -- Returns the whole contents of the file.
- -- The returned string must be freed by the user.
- -- This is a convenience function, which is of course slower than the ones
- -- above since we also need to allocate some memory, actually read the file
- -- and copy the bytes.
- -- If the file does not exist, null is returned. However, if
- -- Empty_If_Not_Found is True, then the empty string is returned instead.
- -- Filename should be compatible with the filesystem.
-
-private
- pragma Inline (Data, Length, Last, Offset, Is_Mmapped, To_Str_Access);
-
- type Mapped_File_Record;
- type Mapped_File is access Mapped_File_Record;
-
- type Mapped_Region_Record;
- type Mapped_Region is access Mapped_Region_Record;
-
- Invalid_Mapped_File : constant Mapped_File := null;
- Invalid_Mapped_Region : constant Mapped_Region := null;
-
-end System.Mmap;