Use xchg for DImode double word rotate by 32 bits with -m32 on x86.

This patch was motivated by the investigation of Linus Torvalds' spill
heavy cryptography kernels in PR 105930.  The <any_rotate>di3 expander
handles all rotations by an immediate constant for 1..63 bits with the
exception of 32 bits, which FAILs and is then split by the middle-end.
This patch makes these 32-bit doubleword rotations consistent with the
other DImode rotations during reload, which results in reduced register
pressure, fewer instructions and the use of x86's xchg instruction
when appropriate.  In theory, xchg can be handled by register renaming,
but even on micro-architectures where it's implemented by 3 uops (no
worse than a three instruction shuffle), avoiding nominating a
"temporary" register, reduces user-visible register pressure (and
has obvious code size benefits).

The effects are best shown with the new testcase:

unsigned long long bar();
unsigned long long foo()
{
  unsigned long long x = bar();
  return (x>>32) | (x<<32);
}

for which GCC with -m32 -O2 currently generates:

        subl    $12, %esp
        call    bar
        addl    $12, %esp
        movl    %eax, %ecx
        movl    %edx, %eax
        movl    %ecx, %edx
        ret

but with this patch now generates:

        subl    $12, %esp
        call    bar
        addl    $12, %esp
        xchgl   %edx, %eax
        ret

With this patch, the number of lines of assembly language generated
for the blake2b kernel (from the attachment to PR105930) decreases
from 5626 to 5404. Although there's an impressive reduction in
instruction count, there's no change/reduction in stack frame size.

2022-06-30  Roger Sayle  <roger@nextmovesoftware.com>
	    Uroš Bizjak  <ubizjak@gmail.com>

gcc/ChangeLog
	* config/i386/i386.md (swap_mode): Rename from *swap<mode> to
	provide gen_swapsi.
	(<any_rotate>di3): Handle !TARGET_64BIT rotations by 32 bits
	via new gen_<insn>32di2_doubleword below.
	(<anyrotate>32di2_doubleword): New define_insn_and_split
	that splits after reload as either a pair of move instructions
	or an xchgl (using gen_swapsi).

gcc/testsuite/ChangeLog
	* gcc.target/i386/xchg-3.c: New test case.

2 files changed, 33 insertions, 1 deletions

diff --git a/gcc/config/i386/i386.md b/gcc/config/i386/i386.md
index 125a3b4..04cd2bc 100644
--- a/gcc/config/i386/i386.md
+++ b/gcc/config/i386/i386.md
@@ -2966,7 +2966,7 @@
    (set_attr "memory" "load")
    (set_attr "mode" "<MODE>")])
 
-(define_insn "*swap<mode>"
+(define_insn "swap<mode>"
   [(set (match_operand:SWI48 0 "register_operand" "+r")
 	(match_operand:SWI48 1 "register_operand" "+r"))
    (set (match_dup 1)
@@ -13673,6 +13673,8 @@
   else if (const_1_to_31_operand (operands[2], VOIDmode))
     emit_insn (gen_ix86_<insn>di3_doubleword
 		(operands[0], operands[1], operands[2]));
+  else if (CONST_INT_P (operands[2]) && INTVAL (operands[2]) == 32)
+    emit_insn (gen_<insn>32di2_doubleword (operands[0], operands[1]));
   else
     FAIL;
 
@@ -13845,6 +13847,24 @@
   split_double_mode (<DWI>mode, &operands[0], 1, &operands[4], &operands[5]);
 })
 
+(define_insn_and_split "<insn>32di2_doubleword"
+ [(set (match_operand:DI 0 "register_operand" "=r,r,r")
+       (any_rotate:DI (match_operand:DI 1 "nonimmediate_operand" "0,r,o")
+                      (const_int 32)))]
+ "!TARGET_64BIT"
+ "#"
+ "&& reload_completed"
+ [(set (match_dup 0) (match_dup 3))
+  (set (match_dup 2) (match_dup 1))]
+{
+  split_double_mode (DImode, &operands[0], 2, &operands[0], &operands[2]);
+  if (rtx_equal_p (operands[0], operands[1]))
+    {
+      emit_insn (gen_swapsi (operands[0], operands[2]));
+      DONE;
+    }
+})
+
 (define_mode_attr rorx_immediate_operand
 	[(SI "const_0_to_31_operand")
 	 (DI "const_0_to_63_operand")])
diff --git a/gcc/testsuite/gcc.target/i386/xchg-3.c b/gcc/testsuite/gcc.target/i386/xchg-3.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..eec05f0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gcc/testsuite/gcc.target/i386/xchg-3.c
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+/* { dg-do compile { target ia32 } } */
+/* { dg-options "-O2" } */
+
+unsigned long long bar();
+
+unsigned long long foo()
+{
+  unsigned long long x = bar();
+  return (x>>32) | (x<<32);
+}
+
+/*{ dg-final { scan-assembler "xchgl" } } */