fortran: Add -static-libquadmath support [PR46539]

The following patch is a revival of the
https://gcc.gnu.org/legacy-ml/gcc-patches/2014-10/msg00771.html
patch.  While trunk configured against recent glibc and with linker
--as-needed support doesn't really need to link against -lquadmath
anymore, there are still other targets where libquadmath is still in
use.
As has been discussed, making -static-libgfortran imply statically
linking both libgfortran and libquadmath is undesirable because of
the significant licensing differences between the 2 libraries.
Compared to the 2014 patch, this one doesn't handle -lquadmath
addition in the driver, which to me looks incorrect, libgfortran
configure determines where in libgfortran.spec -lquadmath should
be present if at all and with what it should be wrapped, but
analyzes gfortran -### -static-libgfortran stderr and based on
that figures out what gcc/configure.ac determined.

2022-08-17  Francois-Xavier Coudert  <fxcoudert@gcc.gnu.org>
	    Jakub Jelinek  <jakub@redhat.com>

	PR fortran/46539
gcc/
	* common.opt (static-libquadmath): New option.
	* gcc.cc (driver_handle_option): Always accept -static-libquadmath.
	* config/darwin.h (LINK_SPEC): Handle -static-libquadmath.
gcc/fortran/
	* lang.opt (static-libquadmath): New option.
	* invoke.texi (-static-libquadmath): Document it.
	* options.cc (gfc_handle_option): Error out if -static-libquadmath
	is passed but we do not support it.
libgfortran/
	* acinclude.m4 (LIBQUADSPEC): From $FC -static-libgfortran -###
	output determine -Bstatic/-Bdynamic, -bstatic/-bdynamic,
	-aarchive_shared/-adefault linker support or Darwin remapping
	of -lgfortran to libgfortran.a%s and use that around or instead
	of -lquadmath in LIBQUADSPEC.
	* configure: Regenerated.

Co-Authored-By: Francois-Xavier Coudert <fxcoudert@gcc.gnu.org>

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