ARC: Add *extvsi_n_0 define_insn_and_split for PR 110717.

This patch improves the code generated for bitfield sign extensions on
ARC cpus without a barrel shifter.

Compiling the following test case:

int foo(int x) { return (x<<27)>>27; }

with -O2 -mcpu=em, generates two loops:

foo:	mov     lp_count,27
        lp      2f
        add     r0,r0,r0
        nop
2:      # end single insn loop
        mov     lp_count,27
        lp      2f
        asr     r0,r0
        nop
2:      # end single insn loop
        j_s     [blink]

and the closely related test case:

struct S { int a : 5; };
int bar (struct S *p) { return p->a; }

generates the slightly better:

bar:	ldb_s   r0,[r0]
        mov_s   r2,0    ;3
        add3    r0,r2,r0
        sexb_s  r0,r0
        asr_s   r0,r0
        asr_s   r0,r0
        j_s.d   [blink]
        asr_s   r0,r0

which uses 6 instructions to perform this particular sign extension.
It turns out that sign extensions can always be implemented using at
most three instructions on ARC (without a barrel shifter) using the
idiom ((x&mask)^msb)-msb [as described in section "2-5 Sign Extension"
of Henry Warren's book "Hacker's Delight"].  Using this, the sign
extensions above on ARC's EM both become:

        bmsk_s  r0,r0,4
        xor     r0,r0,16
        sub     r0,r0,16

which takes about 3 cycles, compared to the ~112 cycles for the loops
in foo.

2023-12-13  Roger Sayle  <roger@nextmovesoftware.com>
	    Jeff Law  <jlaw@ventanamicro.com>

gcc/ChangeLog
	* config/arc/arc.md (*extvsi_n_0): New define_insn_and_split to
	implement SImode sign extract using a AND, XOR and MINUS sequence.

gcc/testsuite/ChangeLog
	* gcc.target/arc/extvsi-1.c: New test case.
	* gcc.target/arc/extvsi-2.c: Likewise.

3 files changed, 47 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/gcc/config/arc/arc.md b/gcc/config/arc/arc.md
index bf9f88e..d980876 100644
--- a/gcc/config/arc/arc.md
+++ b/gcc/config/arc/arc.md
@@ -6127,6 +6127,26 @@ archs4x, archs4xd"
   ""
   [(set_attr "length" "8")])
 
+(define_insn_and_split "*extvsi_n_0"
+  [(set (match_operand:SI 0 "register_operand" "=r")
+	(sign_extract:SI (match_operand:SI 1 "register_operand" "0")
+			 (match_operand:QI 2 "const_int_operand")
+			 (const_int 0)))]
+  "!TARGET_BARREL_SHIFTER
+   && IN_RANGE (INTVAL (operands[2]), 2,
+		(optimize_insn_for_size_p () ? 28 : 30))"
+  "#"
+  "&& 1"
+[(set (match_dup 0) (and:SI (match_dup 0) (match_dup 3)))
+ (set (match_dup 0) (xor:SI (match_dup 0) (match_dup 4)))
+ (set (match_dup 0) (minus:SI (match_dup 0) (match_dup 4)))]
+{
+  int tmp = INTVAL (operands[2]);
+  operands[3] = GEN_INT (~(HOST_WIDE_INT_M1U << tmp));
+  operands[4] = GEN_INT (HOST_WIDE_INT_1U << (tmp - 1));
+}
+  [(set_attr "length" "14")])
+
 (define_insn_and_split "rotlsi3_cnt1"
   [(set (match_operand:SI 0 "dest_reg_operand"            "=r")
 	(rotate:SI (match_operand:SI 1 "register_operand" "r")
diff --git a/gcc/testsuite/gcc.target/arc/extvsi-1.c b/gcc/testsuite/gcc.target/arc/extvsi-1.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5ac6fea
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gcc/testsuite/gcc.target/arc/extvsi-1.c
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+/* { dg-do compile } */
+/* { dg-options "-O2 -mcpu=em" } */
+struct S { int a : 5; };
+
+int foo (struct S *p)
+{
+  return p->a;
+}
+
+/* { dg-final { scan-assembler "msk_s\\s+r0,r0,4" } } */
+/* { dg-final { scan-assembler "xor\\s+r0,r0,16" } } */
+/* { dg-final { scan-assembler "sub\\s+r0,r0,16" } } */
+/* { dg-final { scan-assembler-not "add3\\s+r0,r2,r0" } } */
+/* { dg-final { scan-assembler-not "sext_s\\s+r0,r0" } } */
+/* { dg-final { scan-assembler-not "asr_s\\s+r0,r0" } } */
diff --git a/gcc/testsuite/gcc.target/arc/extvsi-2.c b/gcc/testsuite/gcc.target/arc/extvsi-2.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..953ea6a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gcc/testsuite/gcc.target/arc/extvsi-2.c
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+/* { dg-do compile } */
+/* { dg-options "-O2 -mcpu=em" } */
+
+int foo(int x)
+{
+  return (x<<27)>>27;
+}
+
+/* { dg-final { scan-assembler "msk_s\\s+r0,r0,4" } } */
+/* { dg-final { scan-assembler "xor\\s+r0,r0,16" } } */
+/* { dg-final { scan-assembler "sub\\s+r0,r0,16" } } */
+/* { dg-final { scan-assembler-not "lp\\s+2f" } } */