\input texinfo @c -*- Texinfo -*- @setfilename dejagnu.info @documentencoding us-ascii @settitle DejaGnu @finalout @c man begin INCLUDE @include version.texi @c man end @copying @c man begin COPYRIGHT Copyright @copyright{} 1992-2018 Free Software Foundation, Inc. Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.3 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, with no Front-Cover Texts, and with no Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled ``GNU Free Documentation License''. @c man end @end copying @dircategory Software development @direntry * DejaGnu: (dejagnu). The GNU testing framework. @end direntry @titlepage @title DejaGnu @ifset VERSION_PACKAGE @subtitle @value{VERSION_PACKAGE} @end ifset @subtitle Version @value{VERSION} @sp 1 @subtitle @value{UPDATED} @author Rob Savoye @author Cygnus Support @page @vskip 0pt plus 1filll @insertcopying @end titlepage @contents @node Top, Introduction, , (dir) @top DejaGnu @menu * Introduction:: * Running tests:: * Customizing DejaGnu:: * Extending DejaGnu:: * Unit testing:: * Built-in Procedures:: * GNU Free Documentation License:: * Concept Index:: * Procedure Index:: * Variable Index:: @detailmenu Introduction * What is DejaGnu?:: * New in this release: Release Notes * Design goals:: * A POSIX conforming test framework: A POSIX Conforming Test Framework. * Installation:: Running tests * Running 'make check': Make Check. * Running runtest: Runtest. * Output files: Output Files. Customizing DejaGnu * Global config file:: * Local config file:: * Board config file:: * Remote host testing:: * Config file values:: Extending DejaGnu * Adding a new testsuite:: * Adding a new tool:: * Adding a new target:: * Adding a new board:: * Board file values:: * Writing a test case:: * Debugging a test case:: * Adding a test case to a testsuite:: * Test case special variables: Test case variables. Unit testing * What is unit testing?:: * The dejagnu.h header file: The dejagnu_h header file. * C unit testing API:: * C++ unit testing API:: Reference * Built-in Procedures:: Indices * Concept Index:: * Procedure Index:: * Variable Index:: @end detailmenu @end menu @node Introduction, Running tests, Top, Top @chapter Introduction @menu * What is DejaGnu?:: * New in this release: Release Notes. * Design goals:: * A POSIX compliant test framework: A POSIX Conforming Test Framework. * Installation:: @end menu @node What is DejaGnu?, Release Notes, , Introduction @section What is DejaGnu? DejaGnu is a framework for testing other programs, providing a single front-end for all tests. You can think of it as a library of Tcl procedures to help with writing a test harness. A @emph{test harness} is the infrastructure that is created to test a specific program or tool. Each program can have multiple testsuites, all supported by a single test harness. DejaGnu is written in Expect, which in turn uses Tcl, the Tool command language. There is more information on Tcl at the @uref{http://www.tcl.tk,Tcl/Tk web site} and the @uref{http://expect.nist.gov,Expect web site}. Julia Menapace first coined the term @emph{DejaGnu} to describe an earlier testing framework she wrote at Cygnus Support for testing GDB. When we replaced it with the Expect-based framework, it was like DejaGnu all over again. More importantly, it was also named after my daughter, Deja Snow Savoye, who was a toddler during DejaGnu's beginnings. DejaGnu offers several advantages for testing: @itemize @item The flexibility and consistency of the DejaGnu framework make it easy to write tests for any program, with either batch-oriented, or interactive programs. @item DejaGnu provides a layer of abstraction which allows you to write tests that are portable to any host or target where a program must be tested. For instance, a test for @code{GDB} can run from any supported host system on any supported target system. DejaGnu runs tests on many single board computers, whose operating software ranges from a simple boot monitor to a real-time OS. @item All tests have the same output format. This makes it easy to integrate testing into other software development processes. DejaGnu's output is designed to be parsed by other filtering script and it is also human readable. @item Using Tcl and Expect, it's easy to create wrappers for existing testsuites. By incorporating existing tests under DejaGnu, it's easier to have a single set of report analyse programs.. @end itemize Running tests requires two things: the testing framework and the testsuites themselves. Tests are usually written in Expect using Tcl, but you can also use a Tcl script to run a testsuite that is not based on Expect. Expect script filenames conventionally use @file{.exp} as a suffix. For example, the main implementation of the DejaGnu test driver is in the file @file{runtest.exp}. @node Release Notes, Design goals, What is DejaGnu?, Introduction @section New in this release The following major, user-visible changes have been introduced since version 1.5.3. @enumerate @item Support for target communication via SSH has been added. @item A large number of very old config and baseboard files have been removed. If you need to resurrect these, you can get them from version 1.5.3. If you can show that a board is still in use, it can be put back in the distribution. @item The @command{--status} command line option is now the default. This means that any error in the testsuite Tcl scripts will cause runtest to abort with exit status code 2. The @command{--status} option has been removed from the documentation, but will continue to be accepted for backward compatibility. @item @command{runtest} now exits with exit code 0 if the testsuite "passed", 1 if something unexpected happened (eg, FAIL, XPASS or UNRESOLVED), and 2 if an exception is raised by the Tcl interpreter. @item @command{runtest} now exits with the standard exit codes of programs that are terminated by the SIGINT, SIGTERM and SIGQUIT signals. @item The user-visible utility procedures @code{absolute}, @code{psource} and @code{slay} have been removed. If a testsuite uses any of these procedures, a copy of the procedure should be made and placed in the lib directory of the testsuite. @item Support was added for testing the D compiler. @item @file{~/.dejagnurc} is now loaded last, not first. This allows the user to have the ability to override anything in their environment (even the @file{site.exp} file specified by @code{$DEJAGNU}). @item The user-visible utility procedure @code{unsetenv} is @strong{deprecated} and will be removed in the next release. If a testsuite uses this procedure, a copy should be made and placed in the lib directory of the testsuite. @end enumerate @node Design goals, A POSIX Conforming Test Framework, Release Notes, Introduction @section Design goals @cindex design goals DejaGnu grew out of the internal needs of Cygnus Solutions (formerly Cygnus Support). Cygnus maintained and enhanced a variety of free programs in many different environments and needed a testing tool that: @itemize @item was useful to developers while fixing bugs; @item automated running many tests during a software release process; @item was portable among a variety of host computers; @item supported a cross-development environment; @item permitted testing of interactive programs like @code{GDB}; and @item permitted testing of batch-oriented programs like @code{GCC}. @end itemize Some of the requirements proved challenging. For example, interactive programs do not lend themselves very well to automated testing. But all the requirements are important. For instance, it is imperative to make sure that @code{GDB} works as well when cross-debugging as it does in a native configuration. Probably the greatest challenge was testing in a cross-development environment. Most cross-development environments are customized by each developer. Even when buying packaged boards from vendors there are many differences. The communication interfaces vary from a serial line to Ethernet. DejaGnu was designed with a modular communication setup, so that each kind of communication can be added as required and supported thereafter. Once a communication procedure is written, any test can use it. Currently DejaGnu can use @code{ssh}, @code{rsh}, @code{rlogin}, @code{telnet}, @code{tip}, and @code{kermit} for remote communications. @node A POSIX Conforming Test Framework, Installation, Design goals, Introduction @section A POSIX compliant test framework @cindex POSIX compliant test framework @cindex POSIX 1003.3 DejaGnu conforms to the POSIX 1003.3 standard for test frameworks. Rob Savoye was a member of that committee. POSIX standard 1003.3 defines what a testing framework needs to provide to create a POSIX compliant testsuite. This standard is primarily oriented to checking POSIX conformance, but its requirements also support testing of features not related to POSIX conformance. POSIX 1003.3 does not specify a particular testing framework, but at this time there is only one other POSIX conforming test framework. TET was created by Unisoft for a consortium comprised of X/Open, Unix International and the Open Software Foundation. @cindex assertions The POSIX documentation refers to @dfn{assertions}. An assertion is a description of behavior. For example, if a standard says ``The sun shall shine'', a corresponding assertion might be ``The sun is shining.'' A test based on this assertion would pass or fail depending on whether it is day or night. It is important to note that the standard being tested is never 1003.3; the standard being tested is some other standard, for which the assertions were written. As there is no testsuite to verify that testing frameworks are POSIX 1003.3 compliant, this is done by repeatedly reading the standard and experimenting. One of the main things POSIX 1003.3 does specify is the set of allowed output messages and their definitions. Four messages are supported for a required feature of POSIX conforming systems and a fifth for a conditional feature. DejaGnu supports all five output messages. In this sense a testsuite that uses exactly these messages can be considered POSIX compliant. These definitions specify the output of a test case: @table @asis @item PASS A test has succeeded. That is, it demonstrated that the assertion is true. @item FAIL A test has not succeeded -- the assertion is false. The @emph{FAIL} message is based on this test case only. Other messages are used to indicate a failure of the framework. As with @emph{PASS}, POSIX tests must return @emph{FAIL} rather than @emph{XFAIL} even if a failure was expected. @item XFAIL POSIX 1003.3 does not incorporate the notion of expected failures, so @emph{PASS}, instead of @emph{XPASS}, must also be returned for test cases which were expected to fail and did not. This means that @emph{PASS} is in some sense more ambiguous than if @emph{XPASS} is also used. @item UNRESOLVED A test produced indeterminate results. Usually, this means the test executed in an unexpected fashion. This outcome requires a human to go over results to determine if the test should have passed or failed. This message is also used for any test that requires human intervention because it is beyond the abilities of the testing framework. Any unresolved test should resolved to @emph{PASS} or @emph{FAIL} before a test run can be considered finished. Note that for POSIX, each assertion must produce a test result code. If the test isn't actually run, it must produce @emph{UNRESOLVED} rather than just leaving that test out of the output. This means that you have to be careful when writing tests to not carelessly use Tcl commands like @emph{return}---if you alter the flow of control of the Tcl code you must insure that every test still produces some result code. Here are some of the ways a test may wind up @emph{UNRESOLVED}: @end table @itemize @item Execution of a test is interrupted. @item A test does not produce a clear result. This is usually because there was an @emph{ERROR} from DejaGnu while processing the test, or because there were three or more @emph{WARNING} messages. Any @emph{WARNING} or @emph{ERROR} messages can invalidate the output of the test. This usually requires a human to examine the output to determine what really happened -- and to improve the test case. @item A test depends on a previous test, which has failed. @item The test was set up incorrectly. @end itemize @table @asis @item UNTESTED A test was not run. This is a placeholder used when there is no real test case yet. @end table @table @asis @item UNSUPPORTED There is no support for the tested case. This may mean that a conditional feature of an operating system, or of a compiler, is not implemented. DejaGnu also uses this message when a testing environment (often a ``bare board'' target) lacks basic support for compiling or running the test case. For example, a test for the system subroutine @emph{gethostname} would never work on a target board running only a boot monitor. @end table DejaGnu uses the same output procedures to produce these messages for all testsuites and these procedures are already known to conform to POSIX 1003.3. For a DejaGnu testsuite to conform to POSIX 1003.3, you must avoid the @emph{setup_xfail} procedure as described in the @emph{PASS} section above and you must be careful to return @emph{UNRESOLVED} where appropriate, as described in the @emph{UNRESOLVED} section above. @node Installation, , A POSIX Conforming Test Framework, Introduction @section Installation Refer to the @file{INSTALL} in the source distribution for detailed installation instructions. Note that there is no compilation step as with many other GNU packages, as DejaGnu consists of interpreted code only. Save for its own small testsuite, the DejaGnu distribution does not include any testsuites. Testsuites for the various GNU development tools are included with those packages. After configuring the top-level DejaGnu directory, unpack and configure the test directories for the tools you want to test; then, in each test directory, run @emph{make check} to build auxiliary programs required by some of the tests, and run the test suites. @node Running tests, Customizing DejaGnu, Introduction, Top @chapter Running tests There are two ways to execute a testsuite. The most common way is when there is existing support in the @file{Makefile} of the tool being tested. This usually consists of a @emph{check} target. The other way is to execute the @code{runtest} program directly. To run @code{runtest} directly from the command line requires either all of the correct command line options, or a @ref{Local config file} must be set up correctly. @menu * Running 'make check': Make Check. * Running runtest: Runtest. * Output files: Output Files. @end menu @node Make Check, Runtest, , Running tests @section Running 'make check' To run tests from an existing collection, first use @code{configure} as usual to set up the build directory. Then type @code{make check}. If the @emph{check} target exists, it usually saves you some trouble. For instance, it can set up any auxiliary programs or other files needed by the tests. The most common file the @emph{check} target depends on is the @file{site.exp} file. The @file{site.exp} contains various variables that DejaGnu uses to determine the configuration of the program being tested. Once you have run @emph{make check} to build any auxiliary files, you can invoke the test driver @code{runtest} directly to repeat the tests. You will also have to execute @code{runtest} directly for test collections with no @emph{check} target in the @file{Makefile}. GNU Automake has built-in support for DejaGnu. To add DejaGnu support to your generated @file{Makefile.in}, just add the keyword @code{dejagnu} to the AUTOMAKE_OPTIONS variable in @file{Makefile.am}. This will ensure that the generated @file{Makefile.in} has a @code{check} target that invokes DejaGnu correctly. @node Runtest, Output Files, Make Check, Running tests @section Running runtest @pindex runtest @code{runtest} is the test driver for DejaGnu. You can specify two kinds of things on the @code{runtest} command line: command line options, and Tcl variables that are passed to the test scripts. The options are listed alphabetically below. @code{runtest} returns one of the following exit codes: @table @asis @item 0 if all tests passed including expected failures and unsupported tests. @item 1 if any test failed, passed unexpectedly, or was unresolved. @item 2 if Expect encountered any error in the test scripts. @end table @menu * Output States:: * Invoking runtest:: * Common Options: Common Operations. @end menu @node Output States, Invoking runtest, , Runtest @subsection Output States @cindex output states @file{runtest} flags the outcome of each test as one of these cases. See @ref{A POSIX Conforming Test Framework} for a discussion of how POSIX specifies the meanings of these cases. @table @asis @item PASS The most desirable outcome: the test was expected to succeed and did succeed. @item XPASS A pleasant kind of failure: a test was expected to fail, but succeeded. This may indicate progress; inspect the test case to determine whether you should amend it to stop expecting failure. @item FAIL A test failed, although it was expected to succeed. This may indicate regress; inspect the test case and the failing software to locate the bug. @item XFAIL A test failed, but it was expected to fail. This result indicates no change in a known bug. If a test fails because the operating system where the test runs lacks some facility required by the test, the outcome is @emph{UNSUPPORTED} instead. @item UNRESOLVED Output from a test requires manual inspection; the testsuite could not automatically determine the outcome. For example, your tests can report this outcome is when a test does not complete as expected. @item UNTESTED A test case is not yet complete, and in particular cannot yet produce a @emph{PASS} or @emph{FAIL}. You can also use this outcome in dummy ``tests'' that note explicitly the absence of a real test case for a particular property. @item UNSUPPORTED A test depends on a conditionally available feature that does not exist (in the configured testing environment). For example, you can use this outcome to report on a test case that does not work on a particular target because its operating system support does not include a required subroutine. @end table @code{runtest} may also display the following messages: @table @asis @item ERROR Indicates a major problem (detected by the test case itself) in running the test. This is usually an unrecoverable error, such as a missing file or loss of communication to the target. POSIX testsuites should not emit this message; use @emph{UNSUPPORTED}, @emph{UNTESTED}, or @emph{UNRESOLVED} instead, as appropriate. @item WARNING Indicates a possible problem in running the test. Usually warnings correspond to recoverable errors, or display an important message about the following tests. @item NOTE An informational message about the test case. @end table @node Invoking runtest, Common Operations, Output States, Runtest @subsection Invoking runtest @cindex runtest, invoking This is the full set of command line options that @code{runtest} recognizes. Option names may be abbreviated to the shortest unique string. @table @asis @item @code{-a}, @code{--all} Display all test output. By default, @emph{runtest} shows only the output of tests that produce unexpected results; that is, tests with status @emph{FAIL} (unexpected failure), @emph{XPASS} (unexpected success), or @emph{ERROR} (a severe error in the test case itself). Specify @code{--all} to see output for tests with status @emph{PASS} (success, as expected) @emph{XFAIL} (failure, as expected), or @emph{WARNING} (minor error in the test case itself). @item @code{--build [triplet]} @emph{triplet} is a system triplet of the form @emph{cpu-vendor-os}. This is the type of machine DejaGnu and the tools to be tested are built on. For a normal cross environment this is the same as the host, but for a Canadian cross, they are different. @item @code{-D0}, @code{-D1} Start the internal Tcl debugger. The Tcl debugger supports breakpoints, single stepping, and other common debugging activities. See the document @uref{http://expect.sourceforge.net/doc/tcl-debug.ps, Debugger for Tcl Applications} by Don Libes. If you specify @emph{-D1}, the @emph{expect} shell stops at a breakpoint as soon as DejaGnu invokes it. If you specify @emph{-D0}, DejaGnu starts as usual, but you can enter the debugger by sending an interrupt (e.g. by typing @key{Control}@key{c}). @item @code{--debug} Turns on the Expect internal debugging output. Debugging output is displayed as part of the @emph{runtest} output, and logged to a file called @file{dbg.log}. The extra debugging output does @emph{not} appear on standard output, unless the verbose level is greater than 2 (for instance, to see debug output immediately, specify @code{--debug -v -v}). The debugging output shows all attempts at matching the test output of the tool with the scripted patterns describing expected output. The output generated with @code{--strace} also goes into @file{dbg.log}. @item @code{--global_init [name]} Use @emph{name} as the global init file instead of @file{site.exp} in @emph{libdir}. The default is, of course, @file{site.exp}. Note that this option accepts a relative file name, interpreted starting at @emph{libdir}, so a file in a subdirectory may be used. This is probably less useful for most sites, but is orthogonal with the @code{--local_init} option and may be useful in large testing labs. @item @code{--help} Prints out a short summary of the @emph{runtest} options, then exits (even if you specify other options). @item @code{--host [triplet]} @emph{triplet} is a system triplet of the form @emph{cpu-vendor-os}. Use this option to override the default string recorded by your configuration's choice of host. This choice does not change how anything is actually configured unless --build is also specified; it affects @emph{only} DejaGnu procedures that compare the host string with particular values. The procedures @emph{ishost}, @emph{istarget}, @emph{isnative}, and @emph{setup_xfail} are affected by @code{--host}. In this usage, @emph{host} refers to the machine that the tests are to be run on, which may not be the same as the @emph{build} machine. If @code{--build} is also specified, then @code{--host} refers to the machine that the tests will be run on, not the machine DejaGnu is run on. @item @code{--host_board [name]} The host board to use. @item @code{--ignore [name(s)] } The name(s) of specific tests to ignore. @item @code{--local_init [name]} Use @emph{name} as the testsuite local init file instead of @file{site.exp} in the current directory and in @emph{objdir}. The default is, of course, @file{site.exp}. Note that this option accepts a relative file name, so a file in a subdirectory may be used. @item @code{--log_dialog} Emit Expect output to stdout. The Expect output is usually only written to the @file{.log} file. By enabling this option, they are also printed to standard output. @item @code{--mail [address(es)]} Send test results to one or more email addresses. @item @code{--objdir [path]} Use @emph{path} as the top directory containing any auxiliary compiled test code. The default is '.'. Use this option to locate pre-compiled test code. You can normally prepare any auxiliary files needed with @emph{make}. @item @code{--outdir [path]} Write log files in directory @file{path}. The default is '.', the directory where you start @emph{runtest}. This option affects only the summary (@file{.sum}) and the detailed log files (@file{.log}). The DejaGnu debug log @file{dbg.log} always appears (when requested) in the local directory. @item @code{--reboot [name]} Reboot the target board when @code{runtest} starts. When running tests on a separate target board, it is safer to reboot the target to be certain of its state. However, when developing test scripts, rebooting can take a lot of time. @item @code{--srcdir [path]} Use @file{path} as the top directory for test scripts to run. @emph{runtest} looks in this directory for any subdirectory whose name begins with the toolname (specified with @code{--tool}). For instance, with @code{--tool gdb}, @emph{runtest} uses tests in subdirectories @file{gdb.*} (with the usual shell-like filename expansion). If you do not use @code{--srcdir}, @emph{runtest} looks for test directories under the current working directory. @item @code{--strace [n]} Turn on internal tracing for @emph{expect}, to n levels deep. By adjusting the level, you can control the extent to which your output expands multi-level Tcl statements. This allows you to ignore some levels of @emph{case} or @emph{if} statements. Each procedure call or control structure counts as one ``level''. The output is recorded in the same file, @file{dbg.log}, used for output from @code{--debug}. @item @code{--target [triplet]} Use this option to override the default setting (native testing). @emph{triplet} is a system triplet of the form @emph{cpu-vendor-os}. This option changes the configuration @code{runtest} uses for the default tool names, and other setup information. @item @code{--target_board [name(s)]} The list of target boards to run tests on. @item @code{--tool [name(s)]} Specifies which testsuite to run, and what initialization module to use. @code{--tool} is used @emph{only} for these two purposes. It is @emph{not} used to name the executable program to test. Executable tool names (and paths) are recorded in @file{site.exp} and you can override them by specifying Tcl variables on the command line. For example, including @code{--tool} gcc on the command line runs tests from all test subdirectories whose names match @file{gcc.*}, and uses one of the initialization modules named @file{config/*-gcc.exp}. To specify the name of the compiler (perhaps as an alternative path to what @emph{runtest} would use by default), use @emph{GCC=path-to-gcc} on the @emph{runtest} command line. @item @code{--tool_exec [name]} The path to the tool executable to test. @item @code{--tool_opts [options]} A list of additional options to pass to the tool. @item @code{-v}, @code{--verbose} Turns on more output. Repeating this option increases the amount of output displayed. Level one (@emph{-v}) is simply test output. Level two (@emph{-v -v}) shows messages on options, configuration, and process control. Verbose messages appear in the detailed (@file{*.log}) log file, but not in the summary (@file{*.sum}) log file. @item @code{-V}, @code{--version} Prints out the version numbers of DejaGnu, Expect, and Tcl. @item @code{-x}, @code{--xml} Generate XML output. The output file is named after the tool with an .xml extension. @item @file{testfile}.exp[=arg(s)] Specify the names of testsuites to run. By default, @emph{runtest} runs all tests for the tool, but you can restrict it to particular testsuites by giving the names of the @emph{.exp expect} scripts that control them. @emph{testsuite}.exp cannot include directory names, only plain filenames. @code{arg(s)} specifies a subset of tests in a suite to run. For compiler or assembler tests, which often use a single @emph{.exp} script covering many different source files, this option allows you to further restrict the tests by listing particular source files to compile. Some tools even support wildcards here. The wildcards supported depend upon the tool, but typically @emph{?}, @emph{*}, and @emph{[chars]} are recognized. @item @code{tclvar}=value You can define Tcl variables for use by your test scripts in the same style used with @emph{make} for environment variables. For example, @emph{runtest GDB=gdb.old} defines a variable called @code{GDB}; when your scripts refer to @code{$GDB} in this run, they use the value @emph{gdb.old}. The default Tcl variables used for most tools are defined in the main DejaGnu @emph{Makefile}; their values are captured in the @file{site.exp} file. @end table @node Common Operations, , Invoking runtest, Runtest @subsection Common Options @cindex options, common Typically, you don't need to use any command line options. The @code{--tool} option is only required when there is more than one testsuite in the same directory. The default options are in the local @file{site.exp} file, created by @code{make site.exp}. For example, if the directory @file{gdb/testsuite} contains a collection of DejaGnu tests for GDB, you can run them like this: @example $ cd gdb/testsuite $ runtest --tool gdb @end example The test output follows, then ends with: @example === gdb Summary === # of expected passes 508 # of expected failures 103 /usr/latest/bin/gdb version 4.14.4 -nx @end example You can use the option @code{--srcdir} to point to some other directory containing a collection of tests: @example $ runtest --srcdir /devo/gdb/testsuite @end example By default, @code{runtest} prints only the names of the tests it runs, output from any tests that have unexpected results, and a summary showing how many tests passed and how many failed. To display output from all tests (whether or not they behave as expected), use the @code{-a} (all) option. For more verbose output about processes being run, communication, and so on, use @code{-v} (verbose). To see even more output, use multiple @code{-v} options. See @ref{Invoking runtest} for a more detailed explanation of each @code{runtest} option. @node Output Files, , Runtest, Running tests @section Output files DejaGnu always writes two kinds of output files. Summary output is written to the @file{.sum} file, and detailed output is written to the @file{.log} file. The tool name determines the prefix for these files. For example, after running with @code{--tool gdb}, the output files will be called @file{gdb.sum} and @file{gdb.log}. For troubleshooting, a debug log file that logs the operation of Expect is available. Each of these will be described in turn. @menu * Summary log file:: * Detailed log file:: * Debug log file:: @end menu @node Summary log file, Detailed log file, , Output Files @subsection Summary log file @cindex output file, summary log DejaGnu always produces a summary (@file{.sum}) output file. This summary lists the names of all test files run. For each test file, one line of output from each @code{pass} command (showing status @emph{PASS} or @emph{XPASS}) or @code{fail} command (status @emph{FAIL} or @emph{XFAIL}), trailing summary statistics that count passing and failing tests (expected and unexpected), the full pathname of the tool tested, and the version number of the tool. All possible outcomes, and all errors, are always reflected in the summary output file, regardless of whether or not you specify @code{--all}. If any of your tests use the procedures @code{unresolved}, @code{unsupported}, or @code{untested}, the summary output also tabulates the corresponding outcomes. For example, after running @code{runtest --tool binutils} a summary log file will be written to @file{binutils.sum}. Normally, DejaGnu writes this file in your current working directory. Use the @code{--outdir} option to select a different output directory. @strong{Sample summary log} @example Test Run By bje on Sat Nov 14 21:04:30 AEDT 2015 === gdb tests === Running ./gdb.t00/echo.exp ... PASS: Echo test Running ./gdb.all/help.exp ... PASS: help add-symbol-file PASS: help aliases PASS: help breakpoint "bre" abbreviation FAIL: help run "r" abbreviation Running ./gdb.t10/crossload.exp ... PASS: m68k-elf (elf-big) explicit format; loaded XFAIL: mips-ecoff (ecoff-bigmips) "ptype v_signed_char" signed C types === gdb Summary === # of expected passes 5 # of expected failures 1 # of unexpected failures 1 /usr/latest/bin/gdb version 4.6.5 -q @end example @node Detailed log file, Debug log file, Summary log file, Output Files @subsection Detailed log file @cindex output file, detailed log DejaGnu also saves a detailed log file (@file{.log}), showing any output generated by test cases as well as the summary output. For example, after running @code{runtest --tool binutils}, a detailed log file will be written to @file{binutils.log}. Normally, DejaGnu writes this file in your current working directory. Use the @code{--outdir} option to select a different output directory. @strong{Sample detailed log for g++ tests} @example Test Run By bje on Sat Nov 14 21:07:23 AEDT 2015 === g++ tests === Running ./g++.other/t01-1.exp ... PASS: operate delete Running ./g++.other/t01-2.exp ... FAIL: i960 bug EOF p0000646.C: In function `int warn_return_1 ()': p0000646.C:109: warning: control reaches end of non-void function p0000646.C: In function `int warn_return_arg (int)': p0000646.C:117: warning: control reaches end of non-void function p0000646.C: In function `int warn_return_sum (int, int)': p0000646.C:125: warning: control reaches end of non-void function p0000646.C: In function `struct foo warn_return_foo ()': p0000646.C:132: warning: control reaches end of non-void function Running ./g++.other/t01-4.exp ... FAIL: abort 900403_04.C:8: zero width for bit-field `foo' Running ./g++.other/t01-3.exp ... FAIL: segment violation 900519_12.C:9: parse error before `;' 900519_12.C:12: Segmentation violation /usr/latest/bin/gcc: Internal compiler error: program cc1plus got fatal signal === g++ Summary === # of expected passes 1 # of expected failures 3 /usr/latest/bin/g++ version cygnus-2.0.1 @end example @node Debug log file, , Detailed log file, Output Files @subsection Debug log file @cindex output file, debug log The @code{runtest} option @code{--debug} creates a file showing the output from Expect in debugging mode. The @file{dbg.log} file is created in the current directory. The log file shows the string sent to the tool being tested by each @code{send} command and the pattern it compares with the tool output by each @code{expect} command. The log messages begin with a message of the form: @example expect: does @{tool output@} (spawn_id n) match pattern @{expected pattern@}? @end example For every unsuccessful match, Expect issues a @emph{no} after this message. If other patterns are specified for the same Expect command, they are reflected also, but without the first part of the message (@emph{expect... match pattern}). When Expect finds a match, the log for the successful match ends with @emph{yes}, followed by a record of the Expect variables set to describe a successful match. @strong{Example debug log file for a GDB test} @example send: sent @{break gdbme.c:34\n@} to spawn id 6 expect: does @{@} (spawn_id 6) match pattern @{Breakpoint.*at.* file gdbme.c, line 34.*\(gdb\) $@}? no @{.*\(gdb\) $@}? no expect: does @{@} (spawn_id 0) match pattern @{return@} ? no @{\(y or n\) @}? no @{buffer_full@}? no @{virtual@}? no @{memory@}? no @{exhausted@}? no @{Undefined@}? no @{command@}? no break gdbme.c:34 Breakpoint 8 at 0x23d8: file gdbme.c, line 34. (gdb) expect: does @{break gdbme.c:34\r\nBreakpoint 8 at 0x23d8: file gdbme.c, line 34.\r\n(gdb) @} (spawn_id 6) match pattern @{Breakpoint.*at.* file gdbme.c, line 34.*\(gdb\) $@}? yes expect: set expect_out(0,start) @{18@} expect: set expect_out(0,end) @{71@} expect: set expect_out(0,string) @{Breakpoint 8 at 0x23d8: file gdbme.c, line 34.\r\n(gdb) @} epect: set expect_out(spawn_id) @{6@} expect: set expect_out(buffer) @{break gdbme.c:34\r\nBreakpoint 8 at 0x23d8: file gdbme.c, line 34.\r\n(gdb) @} PASS: 70 0 breakpoint line number in file @end example This example exhibits three properties of Expect and DejaGnu that might be surprising at first glance: @itemize @item Empty output for the first attempted match. The first set of attempted matches shown ran against the output @emph{@{@}} --- that is, no output. Expect begins attempting to match the patterns supplied immediately; often, the first pass is against incomplete output (or completely before all output, as in this case). @item Interspersed tool output. The beginning of the log entry for the second attempted match may be hard to spot: this is because the prompt @emph{@{(gdb) @}} appears on the same line, just before the @emph{expect:} that marks the beginning of the log entry. @item Fail-safe patterns. Many of the patterns tested are fail-safe patterns provided by GDB testing utilities, to reduce possible indeterminacy. It is useful to anticipate potential variations caused by extreme system conditions (GDB might issue the message @emph{virtual memory exhausted} in rare circumstances), or by changes in the tested program (@emph{Undefined command} is the likeliest outcome if the name of a tested command changes). The pattern @emph{@{return@}} is a particularly interesting fail-safe to notice; it checks for an unexpected @key{RET} prompt. This may happen, for example, if the tested tool can filter output through a pager. These fail-safe patterns (like the debugging log itself) are primarily useful while developing test scripts. Use the @code{error} procedure to make the actions for fail-safe patterns produce messages starting with @emph{ERROR} on standard output, and in the detailed log file. @end itemize @node Customizing DejaGnu, Extending DejaGnu, Running tests, Top @chapter Customizing DejaGnu @cindex customization The site configuration file, @file{site.exp}, captures configuration-dependent values and propagates them to the DejaGnu test environment using Tcl variables. This ties the DejaGnu test scripts into the @code{configure} and @code{make} programs. If this file is setup correctly, it is possible to execute a testsuite merely by typing @code{runtest}. DejaGnu supports two @file{site.exp} files. The multiple instances of @file{site.exp} are loaded in a fixed order. The first file loaded is the local file @file{site.exp}, and then the optional global @file{site.exp} file as pointed to by the @code{DEJAGNU} environment variable. There is an optional global @file{site.exp}, containing configuration values that apply to DejaGnu site-wide. @code{runtest} loads these values first. The global @file{site.exp} contains the default values for all targets and hosts supported by DejaGnu. This global file is identified by setting the environment variable @code{DEJAGNU} to the name of the file. If @code{DEJAGNU} is set, but the file cannot be located, an error will be raised and @code{runtest} will abort. Any directory containing a configured testsuite also has a local @file{site.exp}, capturing configuration values specific to the tool being tested. Since @code{runtest} loads these values last, the individual test configuration can either rely on and use, or override, any of the global values from the global @file{site.exp} file. You can usually generate or update the testsuite's local @file{site.exp} by typing @code{make site.exp} in the testsuite directory, after the test suite is configured. You can also have a file in your home directory called @file{.dejagnurc}. This gets loaded after the other config files. Usually this is used for personal stuff, like setting the @code{all_flag} so all the output gets printed, or your own verbosity levels. This file is usually restricted to setting command line options. You can further override the default values in a user-editable section of any @file{site.exp}, or by setting variables on the @code{runtest} command line. @menu * Local config file:: * Global config file:: * Board config file:: * Remote host testing:: * Config file values:: @end menu @node Global config file, Local config file, , Customizing DejaGnu @section Global config file @cindex configuration file, global The global configuration file is where all the target specific configuration variables for a site are set. For example, a centralized testing lab where multiple developers have to share an embedded development board. There are settings for both remote hosts and remote targets. Below is an example of a global configuration file for a Canadian cross environment. A Canadian cross is a toolchain that is built on, runs on, and targets three different system triplets (for example, building a Solaris-hosted MIPS R4000 toolchain on a GNU/Linux system). All configuration values in the example below are site-specific. @strong{Example global configuration file} @example # Make sure we look in the right place for the board description files. lappend boards_dir "/nfs/cygint/s1/cygnus/dejagnu/boards" verbose "Global config file: target_triplet is $target_triplet" 2 global target_list case "$target_triplet" in @{ @{ "native" @} @{ set target_list "unix" @} @{ "sparc64-*elf" @} @{ set target_list "sparc64-sim" @} @{ "mips-*elf" @} @{ set target_list "mips-sim wilma barney" @} @{ "mips-lsi-elf" @} @{ set target_list "mips-lsi-sim@{,soft-float,el@}" @} @} @end example In this case, we have support for several cross compilers, that all run on this host. To run DejaGnu tests on tools hosted on operating systems that do not run Expect, DejaGnu can be run on the build machine and connect to the remote host to run all the tests. As you can see, all one does is set the variable @code{target_list} to the list of targets and options to test. In this example, simple cases like @emph{sparc64-elf} only require setting the name of the single board configuration file. The @emph{mips-elf} target is more complicated and sets the list to three target boards. @emph{mips-sim} is a symbolic name for a simulator ``board'' and @emph{wilma} and @emph{barney} are symbolic names for physical boards. Symbolic names are covered in the @ref{Adding a new board} section. The more complicated example is the entry for @emph{mips-lsi-elf}. This one runs the tests with multiple iterations using all possible combinations of the @code{--soft-float} and the @code{--el} (little endian) options. The braced string includes an initial comma so that the set of combinations includes no options at all. Needless to say, this last target example is mostly specific to compiler testing. @node Local config file, Board config file, Global config file, Customizing DejaGnu @section Local config file @cindex configuration file, local It is usually more convenient to keep these @emph{manual overrides} in the @file{site.exp} local to each test directory, rather than in the global @file{site.exp} in the installed DejaGnu library. This file is mostly for supplying tool specific info that is required by the testsuite. All local @file{site.exp} files have two sections, separated by comments. The first section is generated by @code{make}. It is essentially a collection of Tcl variable definitions based on @file{Makefile} environment variables. Since they are generated by @code{make}, they contain the values as specified by @code{configure}. In particular, this section contains the @file{Makefile} variables for host and target configuration data. Do not edit this first section; if you do, your changes will be overwritten the next time you run @code{make}. The first section starts with: @example ## these variables are automatically generated by make ## # Do not edit here. If you wish to override these values # add them to the last section @end example In the second section, you can override any default values for all the variables. The second section can also contain your preferred defaults for all the command line options to @code{runtest}. This allows you to easily customize @code{runtest} for your preferences in each configured testsuite tree, so that you need not type options repeatedly on the command line. The second section may also be empty if you do not wish to override any defaults. @strong{The first section ends with this line} @example ## All variables above are generated by configure. Do Not Edit ## @end example You can make any changes under this line. If you wish to redefine a variable in the top section, then just put a duplicate value in this second section. Usually the values defined in this config file are related to the configuration of the test run. This is the ideal place to set the variables @code{host_triplet}, @code{build_triplet}, @code{target_triplet}. All other variables are tool dependent, i.e., for testing a compiler, the value for @code{CC} might be set to a freshly built binary, as opposed to one in the user's path. Here's an example local site.exp file, as used for GCC/G++ testing. @strong{Local Config File} @example ## these variables are automatically generated by make ## # Do not edit here. If you wish to override these values # add them to the last section set rootme "/build/devo-builds/i686-pc-linux-gnu/gcc" set host_triplet i686-pc-linux-gnu set build_triplet i686-pc-linux-gnu set target_triplet i686-pc-linux-gnu set target_alias i686-pc-linux-gnu set CFLAGS "" set CXXFLAGS "-isystem /build/devo-builds/i686-pc-linux-gnu/gcc/../libio -isystem $srcdir/../libg++/src -isystem $srcdir/../libio -isystem $srcdir/../libstdc++ -isystem $srcdir/../libstdc++/stl -L/build/devo-builds/i686-pc-linux-gnu/gcc/../libg++ -L/build/devo-builds/i686-pc-linux-gnu/gcc/../libstdc++" append LDFLAGS " -L/build/devo-builds/i686-pc-linux-gnu/gcc/../ld" set tmpdir /build/devo-builds/i686-pc-linux-gnu/gcc/testsuite set srcdir "$@{srcdir@}/testsuite" ## All variables above are generated by configure. Do Not Edit ## @end example This file defines the required fields for a local config file, namely the three system triplets, and the srcdir. It also defines several other Tcl variables that are used exclusively by the GCC testsuite. For most test cases, the CXXFLAGS and LDFLAGS are supplied by DejaGnu itself for cross testing, but to test a compiler, GCC needs to manipulate these itself. @vindex test_timeout The local @file{site.exp} may also set Tcl variables such as @code{test_timeout} which can control the amount of time (in seconds) to wait for a remote test to complete. If not specified, @code{test_timeout} defaults to 300 seconds. @node Board config file, Remote host testing, Local config file, Customizing DejaGnu @section Board configuration file @cindex configuration file, board The board configuration file is where board-specific configuration details are stored. A board configuration file contains all the higher-level configuration settings. There is a rough inheritance scheme, where it is possible to derive a new board description file from an existing one. There are also collections of custom procedures for common environments. For more information on adding a new board config file, go to the @ref{Adding a new board} section. An example board configuration file for a GNU simulator is as follows. @code{set_board_info} is a procedure that sets the field name to the specified value. The procedures mentioned in brackets are @emph{helper procedures}. These are used to find parts of a toolchain required to build an executable image that may reside in various locations. This is mostly of use when the startup code, the standard C libraries, or the toolchain itself is part of your build tree. @strong{Example file} @example # This is a list of toolchains that are supported on this board. set_board_info target_install @{sparc64-elf@} # Load the generic configuration for this board. This will define any # routines needed by the tool to communicate with the board. load_generic_config "sim" # We need this for find_gcc and *_include_flags/*_link_flags. load_base_board_description "basic-sim" # Use long64 by default. process_multilib_options "long64" setup_sim sparc64 # We only support newlib on this target. We assume that all multilib # options have been specified before we get here. set_board_info compiler "[find_gcc]" set_board_info cflags "[libgloss_include_flags] [newlib_include_flags]" set_board_info ldflags "[libgloss_link_flags] [newlib_link_flags]" # No linker script. set_board_info ldscript "" # Used by a few gcc.c-torture testcases to delimit how large the # stack can be. set_board_info gcc,stack_size 16384 # The simulator doesn't return exit status and we need to indicate this # the standard GCC wrapper will work with this target. set_board_info needs_status_wrapper 1 # We can't pass arguments to programs. set_board_info noargs 1 @end example There are five helper procedures used in this example: @itemize @item @code{find_gcc} looks for a copy of the GNU compiler in your build tree, or it uses the one in your path. This will also return the proper transformed name for a cross compiler if you whole build tree is configured for one. @item @code{libgloss_include_flags} returns the flags to compile using @ref{Libgloss, libgloss}, the GNU board support package (BSP). @item @code{libgloss_link_flags} returns the flags to link an executable using @ref{Libgloss, libgloss}. @item @code{newlib_include_flags} returns the flags to compile using @uref{https://sourceware.org/newlib, newlib}, a re-entrant standard C library for embedded systems comprising of non-GPL'd code @item @code{newlib_link_flags} returns the flags to link an executable with @uref{https://sourceware.org/newlib, newlib}. @end itemize @node Remote host testing, Config file values, Board config file, Customizing DejaGnu @section Remote host testing @cindex testing on remote hosts DejaGnu also supports running the tests on a remote host. To set this up, the remote host needs an FTP server, and a telnet server. Currently foreign operating systems used as remote hosts are VxWorks, VRTX, DOS/Windows 3.1, MacOS and Windows. The recommended source for a Windows-based FTP server is to get IIS (either IIS 1 or Personal Web Server) from @uref{http://www.microsoft.com,http://www.microsoft.com}. When you install it, make sure you install the FTP server - it's not selected by default. Go into the IIS manager and change the FTP server so that it does not allow anonymous FTP. Set the home directory to the root directory (i.e. c:\) of a suitable drive. Allow writing via FTP. It will create an account like IUSR_FOOBAR where foobar is the name of your machine. Go into the user editor and give that account a password that you don't mind hanging around in the clear (i.e. not the same as your admin or personal passwords). Also, add it to all the various permission groups. You'll also need a telnet server. For Windows, go to the @uref{http://ataman.com,Ataman} web site, pick up the Ataman Remote Logon Services for Windows, and install it. You can get started on the eval period anyway. Add IUSR_FOOBAR to the list of allowed users, set the HOME directory to be the same as the FTP default directory. Change the Mode prompt to simple. Now you need to pick a directory name to do all the testing in. For the sake of this example, we'll call it piggy (i.e. c:\piggy). Create this directory. You'll need a Unix machine. Create a directory for the scripts you'll need. For this example, we'll use /usr/local/swamp/testing. You'll need to have a source tree somewhere, say /usr/src/devo. Now, copy some files from releng's area in SV to your machine: @strong{Remote host setup} @example cd /usr/local/swamp/testing mkdir boards scp darkstar.welcomehome.org:/dejagnu/cst/bin/MkTestDir . scp darkstar.welcomehome.org:/dejagnu/site.exp . scp darkstar.welcomehome.org:/dejagnu/boards/useless98r2.exp boards/foobar.exp export DEJAGNU=/usr/local/swamp/testing/site.exp @end example You must edit the boards/foobar.exp file to reflect your machine; change the hostname (foobar.com), username (iusr_foobar), password, and ftp_directory (c:/piggy) to match what you selected. Edit the global @file{ site.exp} to reflect your boards directory: @strong{Add The Board Directory} @example lappend boards_dir "/usr/local/swamp/testing/boards" @end example Now run MkTestDir, which is in the contrib directory. The first parameter is the toolchain prefix, the second is the location of your devo tree. If you are testing a cross compiler (ex: you have sh-hms-gcc.exe in your PATH on the PC), do something like this: @strong{Setup Cross Remote Testing} @example ./MkTestDir sh-hms /usr/dejagnu/src/devo @end example If you are testing a native PC compiler (ex: you have gcc.exe in your PATH on the PC), do this: @strong{Setup Native Remote Testing} @example ./MkTestDir '' /usr/dejagnu/src/devo @end example To test the setup, @code{ftp} to your PC using the username (iusr_foobar) and password you selected. CD to the test directory. Upload a file to the PC. Now telnet to your PC using the same username and password. CD to the test directory. Make sure the file is there. Type "set" and/or "gcc -v" (or sh-hms-gcc -v) and make sure the default PATH contains the installation you want to test. @strong{Run Test Remotely} @example cd /usr/local/swamp/testing make -k -w check RUNTESTFLAGS="--host_board foobar --target_board foobar -v -v" > check.out 2>&1 @end example To run a specific test, use a command like this (for this example, you'd run this from the gcc directory that MkTestDir created): @strong{Run a Test Remotely} @example make check RUNTESTFLAGS="--host_board sloth --target_board sloth -v compile.exp=921202-1.c" @end example Note: if you are testing a cross-compiler, put in the correct target board. You'll also have to download more .exp files and modify them for your local configuration. The -v's are optional. @node Config file values, , Remote host testing, Customizing DejaGnu @section Config file values @cindex configuration values @vindex target_info DejaGnu uses a Tcl associative array to hold all the info for each machine. In the case of a Canadian cross, this means host information as well as target information. The named array is called @code{target_info}, and it has two indices. The following fields are part of the array. @menu * Command line option variables:: * User configuration file:: @end menu @node Command line option variables, User configuration file, , Config file values @subsection Command line option variables In the user editable second section of the @ref{User configuration file} you can not only override the configuration variables captured in the first section, but also specify default values for all on the @code{runtest} command line options. Save for @code{--debug}, @code{--help}, and @code{--version}, each command line option has an associated Tcl variable. Use the Tcl @code{set} command to specify a new default value (as for the configuration variables). The following table describes the correspondence between command line options and variables you can set in @file{site.exp}. @ref{Invoking runtest}, for explanations of the command-line options. The @code{--local_init} and @code{--global_init} options have associated Tcl variables, but they influence the search for configuration files and overriding them is unlikely to be useful because they are not used after the configuration files are loaded. Once the configuration file is opened, it is too late for a change to these variables to be effective. However, the local init file name is used twice, once relative to @code{base_dir} (the directory in which runtest was started) and once relative to @code{objdir}. While testsuites should not make assumptions about what global init files are available, the user could usefully write such a setting. @multitable @columnfractions 0.2 0.2 0.6 @item @strong{Option}@tab @strong{Tcl variable}@tab @strong{Description} @item -a, --all@tab all_flag@tab display all test results if set @item --build@tab build_triplet@tab system triplet for the build host @item --dir@tab cmdline_dir_to_run@tab run only tests in the specified directory @item --global_init@tab global_init_file@tab file name for global init file in @code{libdir} @item --host@tab host_triplet@tab system triplet for the host @item --host_board@tab host_board@tab host board definition to use @item --ignore@tab ignoretests @tab do not run the specified tests @item --local_init@tab local_init_file@tab file name for local init file in @code{objdir} @item --log_dialog@tab log_dialog@tab emit Expect output to standard output @item --outdir@tab outdir@tab directory for @file{.sum} and @file{.log} files @item --objdir@tab objdir@tab directory for pre-compiled binaries @item --reboot@tab reboot@tab reboot the target if set to 1 @item --srcdir@tab srcdir@tab directory of test subdirectories @item --target@tab target_triplet@tab system triplet for the target @item --target_board@tab target_list@tab list of target boards to run tests on @item --tool@tab tool@tab name of tool to test (identifies init, test subdirectory) @item --tool_exec@tab TOOL_EXECUTABLE@tab path to the executable to test @item --tool_opts@tab TOOL_OPTIONS@tab additional options to pass to the tool @item --tool_root_dir@tab tool_root_dir@tab tool root directory @item -v, --verbose@tab verbose@tab verbosity level greater than or equal to 0 @end multitable @node User configuration file, , Command line option variables, Config file values @subsection Per-user configuration file (.dejagnurc) The per-user configuration file is named @file{.dejagnurc} in the user's home directory. It is used to customize the behaviour of @code{runtest} for each user -- typically the user's preference for log verbosity, and for storing any experimental Tcl procedures. An example @file{~/.dejagnurc} file looks like: @strong{Example .dejagnurc} @example set all_flag 1 set RLOGIN /usr/ucb/rlogin set RSH /usr/local/sbin/ssh @end example Here @code{all_flag} is set so that I see all the test cases that PASS along with the ones that FAIL. I also set @code{RLOGIN} to the BSD (non-Kerberos) version. I also set @code{RSH} to the SSH secure shell, as rsh is mostly used to test Unix machines within a local network. @node Extending DejaGnu, Unit testing, Customizing DejaGnu, Top @chapter Extending DejaGnu @cindex extensions @cindex extending DejaGnu This chapter describes how to extend DejaGnu with new testsuites, new tools, new targets and new boards. @menu * Adding a new testsuite:: * Adding a new tool:: * Adding a new target:: * Adding a new board:: * Board file values:: * Writing a test case:: * Debugging a test case:: * Adding a test case to a testsuite:: * Test case special variables: Test case variables. @end menu @node Adding a new testsuite, Adding a new tool, , Extending DejaGnu @section Adding a new testsuite @cindex adding, testsuite The testsuite for a new package should always be located in the source directory of that package. DejaGnu requires this directory to be named @file{testsuite}. Under this directory, the test cases go in various subdirectories whose name begins with the tool name. The organization of the various testsuite subdirectories is up to you. For a tool named @code{gdb}, for instance, each subdirectory containing tests must start with @samp{gdb.}. @node Adding a new tool, Adding a new target, Adding a new testsuite, Extending DejaGnu @section Adding a new tool In general, the best way to learn how to write code, or even prose, is to read something similar. This principle applies to test cases and to testsuites. Unfortunately, well-established testsuites have a way of developing their own conventions: as test writers become more experienced with DejaGnu and with Tcl, they accumulate more utilities, and take advantage of more and more features of Expect and Tcl in general. Inspecting such established testsuites may make the prospect of creating an entirely new testsuite appear overwhelming. Nevertheless, it is straightforward to start a new testsuite. To help orient you further in this task, here is an outline of the steps to begin building a testsuite for a program example. Create or select a directory to contain your new collection of tests. Change into that directory (shown here as @file{testsuite}): Create a @file{configure.in} file in this directory, to control configuration-dependent choices for your tests. So far as DejaGnu is concerned, the important thing is to set a value for the variable @code{target_abbrev}; this value is the link to the init file you will write soon. (For simplicity, we assume the environment is Unix, and use @emph{unix} as the value.) What else is needed in @file{configure.in} depends on the requirements of your tool, your intended test environments, and which configure system you use. This example is a minimal @file{configure.ac} for use with GNU Autoconf. @subsection Sample Makefile.in Fragment Create @file{Makefile.in} (if using Autoconf), or @file{Makefile.am} (if using Automake), the source file used by configure to build your @file{Makefile}. If you are using GNU Automake.just add the keyword @emph{dejagnu} to the @emph{AUTOMAKE_OPTIONS} variable in your @file{Makefile.am} file. This will add all the @file{Makefile} support needed to run DejaGnu, and support the @ref{Make Check, make check} target. You also need to include two targets important to DejaGnu: @emph{check}, to run the tests, and @emph{site.exp}, to set up the Tcl copies of configuration-dependent values. This is called the @ref{Local config file} The @emph{check} target must invoke the @code{runtest} program to run the tests. The @emph{site.exp} target should usually set up (among other things) the @emph{$tool} variable for the name of your program. If the local @file{site.exp} file is setup correctly, it is possible to execute the tests by merely typing @code{runtest} on the command line. @example # Look for a local version of DejaGnu, otherwise use one in the path RUNTEST = `if test -f $(top_srcdir)/../dejagnu/runtest; then \ echo $(top_srcdir) ../dejagnu/runtest; \ else \ echo runtest; \ fi` # Flags to pass to runtest RUNTESTFLAGS = # Execute the tests check: site.exp all $(RUNTEST) $(RUNTESTFLAGS) --tool $@{example@} --srcdir $(srcdir) # Make the local config file site.exp: ./config.status Makefile @@echo "Making a new config file..." -@@rm -f ./tmp? @@touch site.exp -@@mv site.exp site.bak @@echo "## these variables are automatically generated by make ##" > ./tmp0 @@echo "# Do not edit here. If you wish to override these values" >> ./tmp0 @@echo "# add them to the last section" >> ./tmp0 @@echo "set host_os $@{host_os@}" >> ./tmp0 @@echo "set host_alias $@{host_alias@}" >> ./tmp0 @@echo "set host_cpu $@{host_cpu@}" >> ./tmp0 @@echo "set host_vendor $@{host_vendor@}" >> ./tmp0 @@echo "set target_os $@{target_os@}" >> ./tmp0 @@echo "set target_alias $@{target_alias@}" >> ./tmp0 @@echo "set target_cpu $@{target_cpu@}" >> ./tmp0 @@echo "set target_vendor $@{target_vendor@}" >> ./tmp0 @@echo "set host_triplet $@{host_canonical@}" >> ./tmp0 @@echo "set target_triplet $@{target_canonical@}">>./tmp0 @@echo "set tool binutils" >> ./tmp0 @@echo "set srcdir $@{srcdir@}" >> ./tmp0 @@echo "set objdir `pwd`" >> ./tmp0 @@echo "set $@{examplename@} $@{example@}" >> ./tmp0 @@echo "## All variables above are generated by configure. Do Not Edit ##" >> ./tmp0 @@cat ./tmp0 > site.exp @@sed < site.bak \ -e '1,/^## All variables above are.*##/ d' \ >> site.exp -@@rm -f ./tmp? @end example @subsection Simple tool init file for batch programs Create a directory (under @file{testsuite}) called @file{config}. Make a tool init file in this directory. Its name must start with the @code{target_abbrev} value, or be named @file{default.exp} so call it @file{config/unix.exp} for our Unix based example. This is the file that contains the target-dependent procedures. Fortunately, on a native Unix system, most of them do not have to do very much in order for @code{runtest} to run. If the program being tested is not interactive, you can get away with this minimal @file{unix.exp} to begin with: @example proc myprog_exit @{@} @{@} proc myprog_version @{@} @{@} @end example If the program being tested is interactive, however, you might as well define a @emph{start} routine and invoke it by using a tool init file like this: @subsection Simple tool init file for interactive programs @example proc myprog_exit @{@} @{@} proc myprog_version @{@} @{@} proc myprog_start @{@} @{ global $@{examplename@} spawn $@{examplename@} expect @{ -re "" @{@} @} @} # Start the program running we want to test myprog_start @end example Create a directory whose name begins with your tool's name, to contain tests. For example, if the tool name is @emph{example}, then the directories all need to start with @samp{example.}. Create a sample test file ending in @file{.exp}. You can name the file @file{first-try.exp}. To begin with, just write one line of Tcl code to issue a message: @example send_user "Testing: one, two...\n" @end example @subsection Testing A New Tool Config Back in the @file{testsuite} (top level) directory, run @code{configure}. Typically you do this while in the build directory. You are now ready to type @code{make check} or @code{runtest}. You should see something like this: @example Test Run By bje on Sat Nov 14 15:08:54 AEDT 2015 === example tests === Running ./example.0/first-try.exp ... Testing: one, two... === example Summary === @end example There is no output in the summary, because so far the example does not call any of the procedures that report a test outcome. Write some real tests. For an interactive tool, you should probably write a real exit routine in fairly short order. In any case, you should also write a real version routine soon. @node Adding a new target, Adding a new board, Adding a new tool, Extending DejaGnu @section Adding a new target @cindex adding, target DejaGnu has some additional requirements for target support, beyond the general-purpose provisions of a @code{configure} script. DejaGnu must actively communicate with the target, rather than simply generating or managing code for the target architecture. Therefore, each tool requires an initialization module for each target. For new targets, you must supply a few Tcl procedures to adapt DejaGnu to the target. Usually the best way to write a new initialization module is to edit an existing initialization module; some trial and error will be required. If necessary, you can use the @code{--debug} option to see what is really going on. When you code an initialization module, be generous in printing information using the @code{verbose} procedure. In cross-development environments, most of the work is in getting the communications right. Code for communicating via TCP/IP networks or serial lines is available in a DejaGnu library files such as @file{lib/telnet.exp}. If you suspect a communication problem, try running the connection interactively from Expect. (There are three ways of running Expect as an interactive interpreter. You can run Expect with no arguments, and control it completely interactively; or you can use @code{expect -i} together with other command-line options and arguments; or you can run the command @code{interpreter} from any Expect procedure. Use @code{return} to get back to the calling procedure (if any), or @code{return -tcl} to make the calling procedure itself return to its caller; use @code{exit} or end-of-file to leave Expect altogether.) Run the program whose name is recorded in @code{$connectmode}, with the arguments in @code{$targetname}, to establish a connection. You should at least be able to get a prompt from any target that is physically connected. @node Adding a new board, Board file values, Adding a new target, Extending DejaGnu @section Adding a new board @cindex adding, board Adding a new board consists of creating a new board configuration file. Examples are in @file{dejagnu/baseboards}. Usually to make a new board file, it's easiest to copy an existing one. It is also possible to have your file be based on a @emph{baseboard} file with only one or two changes needed. Typically, this can be as simple as just changing the linker script. Once the new baseboard file is done, add it to the @code{boards_DATA} list in the @file{dejagnu/baseboards/Makefile.am}, and regenerate the Makefile.in using automake. Then just rebuild and install DejaGnu. You can test it by: There is a crude inheritance scheme going on with board files, so you can include one board file into another, The two main procedures used to do this are @code{load_generic_config} and @code{load_base_board_description}. The generic config file contains other procedures used for a certain class of target. The board description file is where the board specific settings go. Commonly there are similar target environments with just different processors. @strong{Testing a New Board Configuration File} @example make check RUNTESTFLAGS="--target_board=newboardfile". @end example Here's an example of a board configuration file. There are several @emph{helper procedures} used in this example. A helper procedure is one that look for a tool of files in commonly installed locations. These are mostly used when testing in the build tree, because the executables to be tested are in the same tree as the new DejaGnu files. The helper procedures are the ones in brackets, which indicates a Tcl procedure call. @strong{Example Board Configuration File} @example # Load the generic configuration for this board. This will define a basic # set of routines needed by the tool to communicate with the board. load_generic_config "sim" # basic-sim.exp is a basic description for the standard Cygnus simulator. load_base_board_description "basic-sim" # The compiler used to build for this board. This has *nothing* to do # with what compiler is tested if we're testing gcc. set_board_info compiler "[find_gcc]" # We only support newlib on this target. # However, we include libgloss so we can find the linker scripts. set_board_info cflags "[newlib_include_flags] [libgloss_include_flags]" set_board_info ldflags "[newlib_link_flags]" # No linker script for this board. set_board_info ldscript "-Tsim.ld" # The simulator doesn't return exit statuses and we need to indicate this. set_board_info needs_status_wrapper 1 # Can't pass arguments to this target. set_board_info noargs 1 # No signals. set_board_info gdb,nosignals 1 # And it can't call functions. set_board_info gdb,cannot_call_functions 1 @end example @node Board file values, Writing a test case, Adding a new board, Extending DejaGnu @section Board configuration file values The following fields are in the @code{board_info} array. These are set by the @code{set_board_info} procedure (or @code{add_board_info} procedure for appending to lists). Both procedures take a field name and a value for the field (or is added to the field), respectively. Some common board info fields are shown below. @multitable @columnfractions 0.2 0.2 0.6 @item @strong{Field} @tab @strong{Example value} @tab @strong{Description} @item compiler@tab @code{[find_gcc]}@tab The path to the compiler to use. @item cflags@tab @code{-mca}@tab Compilation flags for the compiler. @item ldflags@tab @code{[libgloss_link_flags] [newlib_link_flags]}@tab Linking flags for the compiler. @item ldscript@tab @code{-Wl,-Tidt.ld}@tab The linker script to use when cross compiling. @item libs@tab @code{-lgcc}@tab Any additional libraries to link in. @item shell_prompt@tab @code{cygmon>}@tab The command prompt of the remote shell. @item hex_startaddr@tab @code{0xa0020000}@tab The Starting address as a string. @item start_addr@tab 0xa0008000@tab The starting address as a value. @item startaddr@tab @code{a0020000}@tab @item exit_statuses_bad@tab 1@tab Whether there is an accurate exit status. @item reboot_delay@tab 10@tab The delay between power off and power on. @item unreliable@tab 1@tab Whether communication with the board is unreliable. @item sim@tab [find_sim]@tab The path to the simulator to use. @item objcopy@tab $tempfil@tab The path to the @code{objcopy} program. @item support_libs@tab @code{$@{prefix_dir@}/i386-coff/}@tab Support libraries needed for cross compiling. @item addl_link_flags@tab @code{-N}@tab Additional link flags, rarely used. @item remotedir@tab @code{/tmp/runtest.[pid]}@tab Directory on the remote target in which executables are downloaded and executed. @end multitable These fields are used by the GCC and GDB tests, and are mostly only useful to somewhat trying to debug a new board file for one of these tools. Many of these are used only by a few testcases, and their purpose is esoteric. These are listed with sample values as a guide to better guessing if you need to change any of these. @strong{Board Info Fields For GCC & GDB} @multitable @columnfractions 0.333333333333333 0.333333333333333 0.333333333333333 @item Field@tab Sample Value@tab Description @item strip@tab $tempfile@tab Strip the executable of symbols. @item gdb_load_offset@tab "0x40050000"@tab @item gdb_protocol@tab "remote"@tab The GDB debugging protocol to use. @item gdb_sect_offset@tab "0x41000000";@tab @item gdb_stub_ldscript@tab "-Wl,-Teva-stub.ld"@tab The linker script to use with a GDB stub. @item gdb,noargs@tab 1@tab Whether the target can take command line arguments. @item gdb,nosignals@tab 1@tab Whether there are signals on the target. @item gdb,short_int@tab 1@tab @item gdb,target_sim_options@tab "-sparclite"@tab Special options to pass to the simulator. @item gdb,timeout@tab 540@tab Timeout value to use for remote communication. @item gdb_init_command@tab "set mipsfpu none"@tab A single command to send to GDB before the program being debugged is started. @item gdb_init_commands@tab "print/x \$fsr = 0x0"@tab Same as @emph{gdb_init_command}, except that this is a list, more commands can be added. @item gdb_load_offset@tab "0x12020000"@tab @item gdb_opts@tab "--command gdbinit"@tab @item gdb_prompt@tab "\\(gdb960\\)"@tab The prompt GDB is using. @item gdb_run_command@tab "jump start"@tab @item gdb_stub_offset@tab "0x12010000"@tab @item use_gdb_stub@tab 1@tab Whether to use a GDB stub. @item wrap_m68k_aout@tab 1@tab @item gcc,no_label_values@tab 1@tab @item gcc,no_trampolines@tab 1@tab @item gcc,no_varargs@tab 1@tab @item gcc,stack_size@tab 16384@tab Stack size to use with some GCC testcases. @item ieee_multilib_flags@tab "-mieee"@tab @item is_simulator@tab 1@tab @item needs_status_wrapper@tab 1@tab @item no_double@tab 1@tab @item no_long_long@tab 1@tab @item noargs@tab 1@tab @item target_install@tab @{sh-hms@}@tab @end multitable @node Writing a test case, Debugging a test case, Board file values, Extending DejaGnu @section Writing a test case @cindex Writing a test case The easiest way to prepare a new test case is to base it on an existing one for a similar situation. There are two major categories of tests: batch-oriented and interactive. Batch-oriented tests are usually easier to write. The GCC tests are a good example of batch-oriented tests. All GCC tests consist primarily of a call to a single common procedure, since all the tests either have no output, or only have a few warning messages when successfully compiled. Any non-warning output constitutes a test failure. All the C code needed is kept in the test directory. The test driver, written in Tcl, need only get a listing of all the C files in the directory, and compile them all using a generic procedure. This procedure and a few others supporting for these tests are kept in the library module @file{lib/c-torture.exp} of the GCC testsuite. Most tests of this kind use very few Expect features, and are coded almost purely in Tcl. Writing the complete suite of C tests, then, consisted of these steps: @itemize @item Copying all the C code into the test directory. These tests were based on the C-torture test created by Torbjorn Granlund (on behalf of the Free Software Foundation) for GCC development. @item Writing (and debugging) the generic Tcl procedures for compilation. @item Writing the simple test driver: its main task is to search the directory (using the Tcl procedure @emph{glob} for filename expansion with wildcards) and call a Tcl procedure with each filename. It also checks for a few errors from the testing procedure. @end itemize Testing interactive programs is intrinsically more complex. Tests for most interactive programs require some trial and error before they are complete. However, some interactive programs can be tested in a simple fashion reminiscent of batch tests. For example, prior to the creation of DejaGnu, the GDB distribution already included a wide-ranging testing procedure. This procedure was very robust, and had already undergone much more debugging and error checking than many recent DejaGnu test cases. Accordingly, the best approach was simply to encapsulate the existing GDB tests, for reporting purposes. Thereafter, new GDB tests built up a family of Tcl procedures specialized for GDB testing. @subsection Hints on writing a test case @cindex hints on writing a test case @cindex test cases, writing It is safest to write patterns that match all the output generated by the tested program; this is called closure. If a pattern does not match the entire output, any output that remains will be examined by the next @code{expect} command. In this situation, the precise boundary that determines which @code{expect} command sees what is very sensitive to timing between the Expect task and the task running the tested tool. As a result, the test may sometimes appear to work, but is likely to have unpredictable results. (This problem is particularly likely for interactive tools, but can also affect batch tools---especially for tests that take a long time to finish.) The best way to ensure closure is to use the @code{-re} option for the @code{expect} command to write the pattern as a full regular expressions; then you can match the end of output using a @emph{$}. It is also a good idea to write patterns that match all available output by using @emph{.*\} after the text of interest; this will also match any intervening blank lines. Sometimes an alternative is to match end of line using @emph{\r} or @emph{\n}, but this is usually too dependent on terminal settings. Always escape punctuation, such as @emph{(} or @emph{"}, in your patterns; for example, write @emph{\(}. If you forget to escape punctuation, you will usually see an error message like: @example extra characters after close-quote @end example If you have trouble understanding why a pattern does not match the program output, try using the @code{--debug} option to @code{runtest}, and examine the debug log carefully. Be careful not to neglect output generated by setup rather than by the interesting parts of a test case. For example, while testing GDB, I issue a send @emph{set height 0\n} command. The purpose is simply to make sure GDB never calls a paging program. The @emph{set height} command in GDB does not generate any output; but running any command makes GDB issue a new @emph{(gdb) } prompt. If there were no @code{expect} command to match this prompt, the output @emph{(gdb) } begins the text seen by the next @code{expect} command---which might make that pattern fail to match. To preserve basic sanity, I also recommended that no test ever pass if there was any kind of problem in the test case. To take an extreme case, tests that pass even when the tool will not spawn are misleading. Ideally, a test in this sort of situation should not fail either. Instead, print an error message by calling one of the DejaGnu procedures @code{error} or @code{warning}. @node Debugging a test case, Adding a test case to a testsuite, Writing a test case, Extending DejaGnu @section Debugging a test case @cindex test cases, debugging These are the kinds of debugging information available from DejaGnu: @itemize @item Output controlled by test scripts themselves, explicitly allowed for by the test author. This kind of debugging output appears in the detailed output recorded in the DejaGnu log file. To do the same for new tests, use the @code{verbose} procedure (which in turn uses the Tcl variable @samp{verbose}) to control how much output to generate. This will make it easier for other people running the test to debug it if necessary. If @samp{verbose} is zero, there should be no output other than the output from the framework (eg. FAIL). Then, to whatever extent is appropriate for the particular test, allow successively higher values of @samp{verbose} to generate more information. Be kind to other programmers who use your tests -- provide plenty of debugging information. @item Output from the internal debugging functions of Tcl and Expect. There is a command line options for each; both forms of debugging output are recorded in the file @file{dbg.log} in the current directory. Use @code{--debug} for information from Expect. It logs how Expect attempts to match the tool output with the patterns specified. This can be very helpful while developing test scripts, since it shows precisely the characters received. Iterating between the latest attempt at a new test script and the corresponding @file{dbg.log} can allow you to create the final patterns by ``cut and paste''. This is sometimes the best way to write a test case. @item Use @code{--strace} to see more detail from Tcl. This logs how Tcl procedure definitions are expanded as they execute. The trace level argument controls the depth of definitions expanded. @item If the value of @samp{verbose} is 3 or greater (@code{runtest -v -v -v}), DejaGnu activates the Expect command @code{log_user}. This command prints all Expect actions to standard output, to the @file{.log} file and, if @code{--debug} is given, to @file{dbg.log}. @end itemize @node Adding a test case to a testsuite, Test case variables, Debugging a test case, Extending DejaGnu @section Adding a test case to a testsuite @cindex test cases, adding There are two slightly different ways to add a test case. One is to add the test case to an existing directory. The other is to create a new directory to hold your test. The existing test directories represent several styles of testing, all of which are slightly different. Examine the testsuite subdirectories for the tool of interest to see which approach is most suitable. Adding a GCC test may be very simple: just add the source file to any test directory beginning with @file{gcc.} and it will be tested on the next test run. Adding a test by creating a new directory involves: @enumerate @item Create the new directory. All subdirectory names begin with the name of the tool to test; e.g. G++ tests might be in a directory called @file{g++.other}. There can be multiple testsuite subdirectories with the same tool name prefix. @item Add the new test case to the directory, as above. @end enumerate @node Test case variables, , Adding a test case to a testsuite, Extending DejaGnu @section Test case special variables There are special variables that contain other information from DejaGnu. Your test cases can inspect these variables, as well as the variables saved in @file{site.exp}. These variables should never be changed. @table @code @item $prms_id @vindex prms_id The bug tracking system (eg. PRMS/GNATS) number identifying a corresponding bug report (@emph{0} if you do not specify it). @item $bug_id @vindex bug_id An optional bug ID, perhaps a bug identification number from another organization (@emph{0} if you do not specify it). @item $subdir @vindex subdir The subdirectory for the current test case. @item $exec_output @vindex exec_output This is the output from a @code{$@{tool@}_load} command. This only applies to tools like GCC and GAS which produce an object file that must in turn be executed to complete a test. @item $comp_output @vindex comp_output This is the output from a @code{$@{tool@}_start} command. This is conventionally used for batch-oriented programs, like GCC and GAS, that may produce interesting output (warnings, errors) without further interaction. @item $expect_out(buffer) @vindex expect_out(buffer) The output from the last command. This is an internal variable set by Expect. More information can be found in the Expect manual. @end table @node Unit testing, Built-in Procedures, Extending DejaGnu, Top @chapter Unit testing @menu * What is unit testing?:: * The dejagnu.h header file: The dejagnu_h header file. * C unit testing API:: * C++ unit testing API:: @end menu @node What is unit testing?, The dejagnu_h header file, , Unit testing @section What is unit testing? @cindex unit testing Most regression testing as done by DejaGnu is system testing: the complete application is tested all at once. Unit testing is for testing single files, or small libraries. In this case, each file is linked with a test case in C or C++, and each function or class and method is tested in turn, with the test case having to check private data or global variables to see if the function or method worked. This works particularly well for testing APIs and at level where it is easier to debug them, than by needing to trace through the entire application. Also if there is a specification for the API to be tested, the testcase can also function as a compliance test. @node The dejagnu_h header file, C unit testing API, What is unit testing?, Unit testing @section The dejagnu.h header file @cindex dejagnu.h header DejaGnu uses a single header file, @file{dejagnu.h} to assist in unit testing. As this file also produces its one test state output, it can be run stand-alone, which is very useful for testing on embedded systems. This header file has a C and C++ API for the test states, with simple totals, and standardized output. Because the output has been standardized, DejaGnu can be made to work with this test case, without writing almost any Tcl. The library module, dejagnu.exp, will look for the output messages, and then merge them into DejaGnu's. @node C unit testing API, C++ unit testing API, The dejagnu_h header file, Unit testing @section C unit testing API @cindex C unit testing API All of the functions that take a @code{msg} parameter use a C @code{char *} that is the message to be displayed. There currently is no support for variable length arguments. @itemize @item @code{pass} prints a message for a successful test completion. @quotation @t{@b{pass}(@i{msg});} @end quotation @item @code{fail} prints a message for an unsuccessful test completion. @quotation @t{@b{fail}(@i{msg});} @end quotation @item @code{untested} prints a message for an test case that isn't run for some technical reason. @quotation @t{@b{untested}(@i{msg});} @end quotation @item @code{unresolved} prints a message for an test case that is run, but there is no clear result. These output states require a human to look over the results to determine what happened. @quotation @t{@b{unresolved}(@i{msg});} @end quotation @item @code{totals} prints out the total numbers of all the test state outputs. @quotation @t{@b{totals}();} @end quotation @end itemize @node C++ unit testing API, , C unit testing API, Unit testing @section C++ unit testing API @cindex C++ unit testing API All of the methods that take a @code{msg} parameter use a C char * or STL string, that is the message to be displayed. There currently is no support for variable length arguments. @itemize @item @code{pass} prints a message for a successful test completion. @quotation @t{@b{TestState::pass}(@i{msg});} @end quotation @code{fail} prints a message for an unsuccessful test completion. @quotation @t{@b{TestState::fail}(@i{msg});} @end quotation @code{untested} prints a message for an test case that isn't run for some reason. @quotation @t{@b{TestState::untested}(@i{msg});} @end quotation @item @code{unresolved} prints a message for an test case that is run, but there is no clear result. These output states require a human to look over the results to determine what happened. @quotation @t{@b{TestState::unresolved}(@i{msg});} @end quotation @item @code{totals} prints out the total numbers of all the test state outputs. @quotation @t{@b{TestState::totals}(@i{});} @end quotation @end itemize @node Built-in Procedures, GNU Free Documentation License, Unit testing, Top @appendix Built-in Procedures DejaGnu provides these Tcl procedures. @menu * Core Internal Procedures:: * Procedures For Remote Communication:: * Procedures For Using Utilities to Connect: connprocs. * Procedures For Target Boards:: * Target Database Procedures: target database library file. * Platform Dependent Procedures: platform dependent procedures. * Utility Procedures:: * Libgloss, a free board support package (BSP): Libgloss. * Debugging Procedures:: @end menu @node Core Internal Procedures, Procedures For Remote Communication, , Built-in Procedures @section Core Internal Procedures @menu * open_logs Procedure: open_logs procedure * close_logs Procedure: close_logs procedure * isbuild Procedure: isbuild procedure * isremote Procedure: isremote procedure * is_remote Procedure: is_remote procedure * is3way Procedure: is3way procedure * ishost Procedure: ishost procedure * istarget Procedure: istarget procedure * isnative Procedure: isnative procedure * log_and_exit Procedure: log_and_exit procedure * log_summary Procedure: log_summary procedure * setup_xfail Procedure: setup_xfail procedure * pass Procedure: pass procedure * fail Procedure: fail procedure * xpass Procedure: xpass procedure * xfail Procedure: xfail procedure * set_warning_threshold Procedure: set_warning_threshold procedure * get_warning_threshold Procedure: get_warning_threshold procedure * warning Procedure: warning procedure * perror Procedure: perror procedure * note Procedure: note procedure * untested Procedure: untested procedure * unresolved Procedure: unresolved procedure * unsupported Procedure: unsupported procedure * transform Procedure: transform procedure * check_conditional_xfail Procedure: check_conditional_xfail procedure * clear_xfail Procedure: clear_xfail procedure * verbose Procedure: verbose procedure * load_lib Procedure: load_lib procedure * testsuite Procedure: testsuite procedure @end menu @node open_logs procedure, close_logs procedure, , Core Internal Procedures @subsubheading open_logs Procedure @findex open_logs Open the output logs. @quotation @t{@b{open_logs}} @end quotation @node close_logs procedure, isbuild procedure, open_logs procedure, Core Internal Procedures @subsubheading close_logs Procedure @findex close_logs Close the output logs. @quotation @t{@b{close_logs}} @end quotation @node isbuild procedure, isremote procedure, close_logs procedure, Core Internal Procedures @subsubheading isbuild Procedure @findex isbuild Tests for a particular build host environment. If the currently configured host matches the @code{pattern} argument, the result is @emph{1}; otherwise the result is @emph{0}. @emph{pattern} must be a full three-part configure triplet; in particular, you may not use the shorter aliases supported by @code{configure} (but you can use Tcl globbing to specify a range of triplets). If called with no arguments or an empty pattern, this procedure returns the build system triplet. @quotation @t{@b{isbuild} @i{pattern}} @end quotation @node isremote procedure, is_remote procedure, isbuild procedure, Core Internal Procedures @subsubheading isremote Procedure @findex isremote Is @i{board} remote? Return a non-zero value, if so. @quotation @t{@b{isremote} @i{ board }} @end quotation This procedure is to be used instead of @code{is_remote}. @node is_remote procedure, is3way procedure, isremote procedure, Core Internal Procedures @subsubheading is_remote Procedure @findex is_remote Is @i{board} remote? Return a non-zero value, if so. @quotation @t{@b{is_remote} @i{ board }} @end quotation Note that this procedure is now deprecated. Use @code{isremote} instead. @node is3way procedure, ishost procedure, is_remote procedure, Core Internal Procedures @subsubheading is3way Procedure @findex is3way Tests for a Canadian cross. This is when the tests will be run on a remotely hosted cross-compiler. If it is a Canadian cross, then the result is @emph{1}; otherwise @emph{0}. @quotation @t{@b{is3way}} @end quotation @node ishost procedure, istarget procedure, is3way procedure, Core Internal Procedures @subsubheading ishost Procedure @findex ishost Tests for a particular host environment. If the currently configured host matches the argument string, the result is @emph{1}; otherwise the result is @emph{0}. @emph{pattern} must be a full three-part configure triplet; in particular, you may not use the shorter aliases supported by @code{configure} (but you can use Tcl globbing to specify a range of triplets). If called with no arguments or an empty pattern, this procedure returns the host triplet. @quotation @t{@b{ishost} @i{pattern}} @end quotation @node istarget procedure, isnative procedure, ishost procedure, Core Internal Procedures @subsubheading istarget Procedure @findex istarget Tests for a particular target environment. If the currently configured target matches the argument string, the result is @emph{1} ; otherwise the result is @emph{0}. @emph{pattern} must be a full three-part configure triplet; in particular, you may not use the shorter aliases supported by @code{configure} (but you can use Tcl globbing to specify a range of triplets). If called with no arguments or an empty pattern, this procedure returns the target triplet. @quotation @t{@b{istarget} @{ @i{pattern} } @end quotation @node isnative procedure, log_and_exit procedure, istarget procedure, Core Internal Procedures @subsubheading isnative Procedure @findex isnative This procedure returns @emph{1} if the current configuration has the same host and target (ie. it is a native configuration). Otherwise it returns @emph{0}. @quotation @t{@b{isnative}} @end quotation @node log_and_exit procedure, log_summary procedure, isnative procedure, Core Internal Procedures @subsubheading log_and_exit Procedure @findex log_and_exit @quotation @t{@b{log_and_exit}} @end quotation This procedure writes out the end of the test log and terminates @code{runtest}. @node log_summary procedure, setup_xfail procedure, log_and_exit procedure, Core Internal Procedures @subsubheading log_summary Procedure @findex log_summary @quotation @t{@b{log_summary} @i{args}} @end quotation @table @asis @item @code{args} @end table @node setup_xfail procedure, pass procedure, log_summary procedure, Core Internal Procedures @subsubheading setup_xfail Procedure @findex setup_xfail Declares that the test is expected to fail on a particular set of configurations. The config argument must be a list of full three-part configure target name; in particular, you may not use the shorter nicknames supported by configure (but you can use the common shell wildcard characters to specify a range of triplets). The @emph{bugid} argument is optional, and used only in the logging file output; use it as a link to a bug-tracking system such as GNATS. Once you use @code{setup_xfail}, the @code{fail} and @code{pass} procedures produce the messages @emph{XFAIL} and @emph{XPASS} respectively, allowing you to distinguish expected failures (and unexpected success!) from other test outcomes. @quotation @strong{Warning} Warning you must clear the expected failure after using setup_xfail in a test case. Any call to @code{pass }or @code{fail} clears the expected failure implicitly; if the test has some other outcome, e.g. an error, you can call @code{clear_xfail} to clear the expected failure explicitly. Otherwise, the expected-failure declaration applies to whatever test runs next, leading to surprising results. @end quotation @quotation @t{@b{setup_xfail} @i{config} @i{bugid}} @end quotation @table @asis @item @code{config} The config triplet to trigger whether this is an unexpected or expect failure. @item @code{bugid} The optional bugid, used to tie this test case to a bug tracking system. @end table @node pass procedure, fail procedure, setup_xfail procedure, Core Internal Procedures @subsubheading pass Procedure @findex pass Declares a test to have passed. @code{pass} writes in the log files a message beginning with @emph{PASS} (or @emph{XPASS}, if failure was expected), appending the @code{message} argument. @quotation @t{@b{pass} @i{message} } @end quotation @node fail procedure, xpass procedure, pass procedure, Core Internal Procedures @subsubheading fail Procedure @findex fail Declares a test to have failed. @code{fail} writes in the log files a message beginning with @emph{FAIL} (or @emph{XFAIL}, if failure was expected), appending the @code{message} argument. @quotation @t{@b{fail} @i{message} } @end quotation @node xpass procedure, xfail procedure, fail procedure, Core Internal Procedures @subsubheading xpass Procedure @findex xpass Declares a test to have passed when it was expected to fail. @code{xpass} writes in the log files a message beginning with @emph{XPASS} (or @emph{XFAIL} if failure was expected) and the @code{message} argument. @quotation @t{@b{xpass} @i{message} } @end quotation @node xfail procedure, set_warning_threshold procedure, xpass procedure, Core Internal Procedures @subsubheading xfail Procedure @findex xfail Declares a test to have expectedly failed. @code{xfail} writes in the log files a message beginning with @emph{XFAIL} (or @emph{PASS}, if success was expected), appending the @code{message} argument. @quotation @t{@b{xpass} @i{message} } @end quotation @node set_warning_threshold procedure, get_warning_threshold procedure, xfail procedure, Core Internal Procedures @subsubheading set_warning_threshold Procedure @findex set_warning_threshold Sets the value of @code{warning_threshold}. A value of @emph{0} disables it: calls to @code{warning} will not turn a @emph{PASS} or @emph{FAIL} into an @emph{UNRESOLVED}. @quotation @t{@b{set_warning_threshold} @i{threshold}} @end quotation @table @asis @item @code{threshold} This is the value of the new warning threshold. @end table @node get_warning_threshold procedure, warning procedure, set_warning_threshold procedure, Core Internal Procedures @subsubheading get_warning_threshold Procedure @findex get_warning_threshold Returns the current value of @code{@{warning_threshold}. The default value is 3. This value controls how many @code{warning} procedures can be called before becoming @emph{UNRESOLVED}. @quotation @t{@b{get_warning_threshold}} @end quotation @node warning procedure, perror procedure, get_warning_threshold procedure, Core Internal Procedures @subsubheading warning Procedure @findex warning Declares detection of a minor error in the test case itself. @code{warning} writes in the log files a message beginning with @emph{WARNING}, appending the argument @code{string}. Use @code{warning} rather than @code{perror} for cases (such as communication failure to be followed by a retry) where the test case can recover from the error. If the optional @code{number} is supplied, then this is used to set the internal count of warnings to that value. As a side effect, @code{warning_threshold} or more calls to warning in a single test case also changes the effect of the next @code{pass} or @code{fail} command: the test outcome becomes @emph{UNRESOLVED} since an automatic @emph{PASS} or @emph{FAIL} may not be trustworthy after many warnings. If the optional numeric value is @emph{0}, then there are no further side effects to calling this function, and the following test outcome doesn't become @emph{UNRESOLVED}. This can be used for errors with no known side effects. @quotation @t{@b{warning} @i{messsage} @i{number} } @end quotation @table @asis @item @code{message} The warning message. @item @code{number} The optional number to set the error counter. This is only used to fake out the counter when using the @code{xfail} procedure to control when it flips the output over to @emph{UNRESOLVED} state. @end table @node perror procedure, note procedure, warning procedure, Core Internal Procedures @subsubheading perror Procedure @findex perror Declares a severe error in the testing framework itself. @code{perror} writes in the log files a message beginning with @emph{ERROR}, appending the argument @code{string}. As a side effect, perror also changes the effect of the next @code{pass} or @code{fail} command: the test outcome becomes @emph{UNRESOLVED}, since an automatic @emph{PASS} or @emph{FAIL} cannot be trusted after a severe error in the test framework. If the optional numeric value is @emph{0}, then there are no further side effects to calling this function, and the following test outcome doesn't become @emph{UNRESOLVED}. This can be used for errors with no known side effects. @quotation @t{@b{perror} @i{message} @i{number} } @end quotation @table @asis @item @code{message} The message to be logged. @item @code{number} The optional number to set the error counter. This is only used to fake out the counter when using the @code{xfail} procedure to control when it flips the output over to @emph{UNRESOLVED} state. @end table @node note procedure, untested procedure, perror procedure, Core Internal Procedures @subsubheading note Procedure @findex note Appends an informational message to the log file. @code{note} writes in the log files a message beginning with @emph{NOTE}, appending the @code{message} argument. Use @code{note} sparingly. The @code{verbose} should be used for most such messages, but in cases where a message is needed in the log file regardless of the verbosity level use @code{note}. @quotation @t{@b{note} @i{messsage} } @end quotation @node untested procedure, unresolved procedure, note procedure, Core Internal Procedures @subsubheading untested Procedure @findex untested Declares a test was not run. @code{untested} writes in the log file a message beginning with @emph{UNTESTED}, appending the @code{message} argument. For example, you might use this in a dummy test whose only role is to record that a test does not yet exist for some feature. @quotation @t{@b{untested} @i{message} } @end quotation @node unresolved procedure, unsupported procedure, untested procedure, Core Internal Procedures @subsubheading unresolved Procedure @findex unresolved Declares a test to have an unresolved outcome. @code{unresolved} writes in the log file a message beginning with @emph{UNRESOLVED}, appending the @code{message} argument. This usually means the test did not execute as expected, and a human being must go over results to determine if it passed or failed (and to improve the test case). @quotation @t{@b{unresolved} @i{message} } @end quotation @node unsupported procedure, transform procedure, unresolved procedure, Core Internal Procedures @subsubheading unsupported Procedure @findex unsupported Declares that a test case depends on some facility that does not exist in the testing environment. @code{unsupported} writes in the log file a message beginning with @emph{UNSUPPORTED}, appending the @code{message} argument. @quotation @t{@b{unsupported} @i{message} } @end quotation @node transform procedure, check_conditional_xfail procedure, unsupported procedure, Core Internal Procedures @subsubheading transform Procedure @findex transform Generates a string for the name of a tool as it was configured and installed, given its native name (as the argument @code{toolname}). This makes the assumption that all tools are installed using the same naming conventions: For example, for a cross compiler supporting the @emph{m68k-vxworks} configuration, the result of transform @code{gcc} is @code{m68k-vxworks-gcc}. @quotation @t{@b{transform} @i{toolname}} @end quotation @table @asis @item @code{toolname} The name of the cross-development program to transform. @end table @node check_conditional_xfail procedure, clear_xfail procedure, transform procedure, Core Internal Procedures @subsubheading check_conditional_xfail Procedure @findex check_conditional_xfail This procedure adds a conditional xfail, based on compiler options used to create a test case executable. If an include options is found in the compiler flags, and it's the right architecture, it'll trigger an @emph{XFAIL}. Otherwise it'll produce an ordinary @emph{FAIL}. You can also specify flags to exclude. This makes a result be a @emph{FAIL}, even if the included options are found. To set the conditional, set the variable @code{compiler_conditional_xfail_data} to the fields @example "[message string] [targets list] [includes list] [excludes list]" @end example (descriptions below). This is the checked at pass/fail decision time, so there is no need to call the procedure yourself, unless you wish to know if it gets triggered. After a pass/fail, the variable is reset, so it doesn't effect other tests. It returns @emph{1} if the conditional is true, or @emph{0} if the conditional is false. @quotation @t{@b{check_conditional_xfail} @i{message} @i{targets} @i{includes} @i{excludes}} @end quotation @table @asis @item @code{message} This is the message to print with the normal test result. @item @code{targets} This is a string with the list targets to activate this conditional on. @item @code{includes} This is a list of sets of options to search for in the compiler options to activate this conditional. If the list of sets of options is empty or if any set of the options matches, then this conditional is true. (It may be useful to specify an empty list of include sets if the conditional is always true unless one of the exclude sets matches.) @item @code{excludes} This is a list of sets of options to search for in the compiler options to activate this conditional. If any set of the options matches, (regardless of whether any of the include sets match) then this conditional is de-activated. @end table @strong{Specifying the conditional xfail data} @example set compiler_conditional_xfail_data @{ \ "I sure wish I knew why this was hosed" \ "sparc*-sun*-* *-pc-*-*" \ @{"-Wall -v" "-O3"@} \ @{"-O1" "-Map"@} \ @} @end example What this does is it matches only for these two targets if @code{-Wall -v} or @code{-O3} is set, but neither @code{-O1} or @code{-Map} is set. For a set to match, the options specified are searched for independently of each other, so a @code{-Wall -v} matches either @code{-Wall -v} or @code{-v -Wall}. A space separates the options in the string. Glob patterns are also permitted. @node clear_xfail procedure, verbose procedure, check_conditional_xfail procedure, Core Internal Procedures @subsubheading clear_xfail Procedure @findex clear_xfail Cancel an expected failure (previously declared with @code{setup_xfail}) for a particular set of configurations. The @code{config} argument is a list of configuration target names. It is only necessary to call @code{clear_xfail} if a test case ends without calling either @code{pass} or @code{fail}, after calling @code{setup_xfail}. @quotation @t{@b{clear_xfail} @i{config}} @end quotation @table @asis @item @code{config} The system triplets to clear. @end table @node verbose procedure, load_lib procedure, clear_xfail procedure, Core Internal Procedures @subsubheading verbose Procedure @findex verbose Test cases can use this procedure to issue helpful messages depending on the number of @code{-v}/@code{--verbose} options passed on the command line to @code{runtest}. It prints @i{message} if the value of the number of @code{-v} options passed is greater than or equal to the @i{loglevel} argument. The default log level is 1. @quotation @t{ @b{verbose} @i{-log} @i{-x} @i{-n} @i{message} @i{loglevel}} @end quotation @table @asis @item @code{-log} Always write @i{message} to the log file, even if it won't be printed on the console. @item @code{-x} Log the @i{message} into an XML file. @item @code{-n} Print @i{message} without a trailing newline. @item @code{--} Use this option if @i{message} begins with @samp{-}. @item @code{message} The log messsage. @item @code{loglevel} The specified log level. The default level is 1. @end table @node load_lib procedure, testsuite procedure, verbose procedure, Core Internal Procedures @subsubheading load_lib Procedure @findex load_lib @code{load_lib} loads a DejaGnu library file by searching the default fixed paths built into DejaGnu. If DejaGnu has been installed, it looks in a path starting with the installed library directory. If you are running DejaGnu directly from a source directory, without first running @code{make install}, this path defaults to the current directory. In either case, it then looks in the current directory for a directory called @file{lib}. If there are duplicate definitions, the last one loaded takes precedence over the earlier ones. @quotation @t{@b{load_lib} @i{filespec}} @end quotation @table @asis @item @code{filespec} The name of the DejaGnu library file to load. @end table The global variable @code{libdirs}, handled as a list, is appended to the default fixed paths built into DejaGnu. @strong{Additional search directories for load_lib} @example # append a non-standard search path global libdirs lappend libdirs $srcdir/../../gcc/testsuite/lib # now loading $srcdir/../../gcc/testsuite/lib/foo.exp works load_lib foo.exp @end example @node testsuite procedure, , load_lib procedure, Core Internal Procedures @subsubheading testsuite Procedure @findex testsuite The @code{testsuite} procedure is a multiplex call for retrieving or providing information about the current testsuite. @subsubheading testsuite file The @code{testsuite file} command returns an absolute file name specified relative to either the testsuite source or object trees. @quotation @t{ @b{testsuite file} ?@b{-source}|@b{-object}? @b{-top}|@b{-test} ?@b{-hypothetical}? ?@b{--}? @i{name}... } @end quotation Any number of @i{name}s are accepted and combined as if by @code{file join} with a directory relevant to the testsuite prepended. @table @asis @item @code{-object} Return a file name in the object tree. @item @code{-source} Return a file name in the source tree. @item @code{-top} Prepend the @code{testsuite} directory itself. @item @code{-test} Prepend the directory containing the current test script. @item @code{-hypothetical} Allow the returned value to imply directories that do not exist. @item @code{--} Use this option if the first @i{name} could begin with @samp{-}. @end table One of @code{-top} or @code{-test} must be given; an error is raised otherwise. Unless the @code{-hypothetical} option is given, any directories implied by the returned value will exist upon return. Implied directories are created in the object tree if needed. An error is raised if an implied directory does not exist in the source tree. @node Procedures For Remote Communication, connprocs, Core Internal Procedures, Built-in Procedures @section Procedures For Remote Communication The file @file{lib/remote.exp} defines procedures for establishing and managing communications. Each of these procedures tries to establish the connection up to three times before returning. Warnings (if retries will continue) or errors (if the attempt is abandoned) report on communication failures. The result for any of these procedures is either @emph{-1}, when the connection cannot be established, or the spawn ID returned by the Expect command @code{spawn}. It use the value of the @code{connect} field in the @code{target_info} array as the type of connection to make. Current supported connection types are ssh, tip, kermit, telnet, rsh, and rlogin. If the @code{--reboot} option was used on the @command{runtest} command line, then the target is rebooted before the connection is made. @menu * call_remote Procedure: call_remote procedure * check_for_board_status Procedure: check_for_board_status procedure * file_on_build Procedure: file_on_build procedure * file_on_host Procedure: file_on_host procedure * local_exec Procedure: local_exec procedure * remote_binary Procedure: remote_binary procedure * remote_close Procedure: remote_close procedure * remote_download Procedure: remote_download procedure * remote_exec Procedure: remote_exec procedure * remote_expect Procedure: remote_expect procedure * remote_file Procedure: remote_file procedure * remote_ld Procedure: remote_ld procedure * remote_load Procedure: remote_load procedure * remote_open Procedure: remote_open procedure * remote_pop_conn Procedure: remote_pop_conn procedure * remote_push_conn Procedure: remote_push_conn procedure * remote_raw_binary Procedure: remote_raw_binary procedure * remote_raw_close Procedure: remote_raw_close procedure * remote_raw_file Procedure: remote_raw_file procedure * remote_raw_ld Procedure: remote_raw_ld procedure * remote_raw_load Procedure: remote_raw_load procedure * remote_raw_open Procedure: remote_raw_open procedure * remote_raw_send Procedure: remote_raw_send procedure * remote_raw_spawn Procedure: remote_raw_spawn procedure * remote_raw_transmit Procedure: remote_raw_transmit procedure * remote_raw_wait Procedure: remote_raw_wait procedure * remote_reboot Procedure: remote_reboot procedure * remote_send Procedure: remote_send procedure * remote_spawn Procedure: remote_spawn procedure * remote_swap_conn Procedure: remote_swap_conn procedure * remote_transmit Procedure: remote_transmit procedure * remote_upload Procedure: remote_upload procedure * remote_wait Procedure: remote_wait procedure * standard_close Procedure: standard_close procedure * standard_download Procedure: standard_download procedure * standard_exec Procedure: standard_exec procedure * standard_file Procedure: standard_file procedure * standard_load Procedure: standard_load procedure * standard_reboot Procedure: standard_reboot procedure * standard_send Procedure: standard_send procedure * standard_spawn Procedure: standard_spawn procedure * standard_transmit Procedure: standard_transmit procedure * standard_upload Procedure: standard_upload procedure * standard_wait Procedure: standard_wait procedure * unix_clean_filename Procedure: unix_clean_filename procedure @end menu @node call_remote procedure, check_for_board_status procedure, , Procedures For Remote Communication @subsubheading call_remote Procedure @findex call_remote A standard procedure to call the appropriate @i{proc}. This proceure first looks for a board-specific version, then a protocol-specific version, and finally @code{call_remote} will call @code{standard_$proc}. @quotation @t{@b{call_remote} @i{type} @i{proc} @i{dest} @i{args}} @end quotation @table @asis @item @code{proc} @item @code{dest} @item @code{args} @end table @node check_for_board_status procedure, file_on_build procedure, call_remote procedure, Procedures For Remote Communication @subsubheading check_for_board_status Procedure @findex check_for_board_status This procedure inspected the named variable within the calling procedure for the expected output from the status wrapper. A non-negative value is returned if it exists. Otherwise, it returns -1. The output from the status wrapper is removed from the variable. @quotation @t{@b{check_for_board_status} @i{variable}} @end quotation @table @asis @item @code{variable} The name of the variable to check in the calling procedure. Be sure to pass the name of the variable (@code{var}) and not the value of the variable (@code{$var}). @end table @node file_on_build procedure, file_on_host procedure, check_for_board_status procedure, Procedures For Remote Communication @subsubheading file_on_build Procedure @findex file_on_build @quotation @t{@b{file_on_build} @i{op} @i{file} @i{args}} @end quotation @table @asis @item @code{op} @item @code{file} @item @code{args} @end table @node file_on_host procedure, local_exec procedure, file_on_build procedure, Procedures For Remote Communication @subsubheading file_on_host Procedure @findex file_on_host @quotation @t{@b{file_on_host} @i{op} @i{file} @i{args}} @end quotation @table @asis @item @code{op} @item @code{file} @item @code{args} @end table @node local_exec procedure, remote_binary procedure, file_on_host procedure, Procedures For Remote Communication @subsubheading local_exec Procedure @findex local_exec Run the specified command on the local machine, redirecting input from file @code{inp} (if non-empty), redirecting output to file @code{outp} (if non-empty), and waiting @code{timeout} seconds for the command to complete before killing it. A two-element list is returned: the exit status of the command and any output produced by the command. If output is redirected, this may or may not be empty. If output is redirected, both stdout and stderr will appear in the specified file. @quotation @t{@b{local_exec} @i{commandline} @i{inp} @i{outp} @i{timeout}} @end quotation @table @asis @item @code{inp} Redirect input into the input filename if not set to @code{""}. @item @code{outp} Redirect output into the output filename if not set to @code{""}. @item @code{timeout} Timeout in seconds. @end table @node remote_binary procedure, remote_close procedure, local_exec procedure, Procedures For Remote Communication @subsubheading remote_binary Procedure @findex remote_binary This procedure sets the connection into @i{binary} mode. That is, there is no processing of input characters. @quotation @t{@b{remote_binary} @i{host}} @end quotation @table @asis @item @code{host} The host on which to set a binary connection. @end table @node remote_close procedure, remote_download procedure, remote_binary procedure, Procedures For Remote Communication @subsubheading remote_close Procedure @findex remote_close @quotation @t{@b{remote_close} @i{shellid}} @end quotation @table @asis @item @code{shellid} This is the value returned by a call to @code{remote_open}. This closes the connection to the target so resources can be used by others. This parameter can be left off if the @code{fileid} field in the @code{target_info} array is set. @end table @node remote_download procedure, remote_exec procedure, remote_close procedure, Procedures For Remote Communication @subsubheading remote_download Procedure @findex remote_download Download a file to a destination machine. This procedure returns either an empty string (indicating failure) or the name of the file on the destination macine. @quotation @t{@b{remote_download} @i{dest} @i{file} @i{args}} @end quotation @table @asis @item @code{dest} Destination machine name. @item @code{file} Filename. @item @code{args} If the optional destination filename is specified, that filename will be used on the destination machine. @end table @node remote_exec procedure, remote_expect procedure, remote_download procedure, Procedures For Remote Communication @subsubheading remote_exec Procedure @findex remote_exec Execute the supplied program on a remote host. A two-element list is returned. The first element is the exit status of the program or -1 if execution failed. The second element is any output produced by the program. This may be an empty string if output from the program was redirected. @quotation @t{@b{remote_exec} @i{hostname} @i{program} @i{args}} @end quotation @table @asis @item @code{hostname} Name of the host to execute the command on. @item @code{program} Command @item @code{args} There are four optional arguments: @enumerate @item arguments to pass to the program; @item an input filename to feed to stanard input of the command; @item an output filename where the output from the command should be written; and @item timeout value in seconds. @end enumerate @end table @node remote_expect procedure, remote_file procedure, remote_exec procedure, Procedures For Remote Communication @subsubheading remote_expect Procedure @findex remote_expect @quotation @t{@b{remote_expect} @i{board} @i{timeout} @i{args}} @end quotation @table @asis @item @code{board} @item @code{timeout} @item @code{args} @end table @node remote_file procedure, remote_ld procedure, remote_expect procedure, Procedures For Remote Communication @subsubheading remote_file Procedure @findex remote_file @quotation @t{@b{remote_file} @i{dest} @i{args}} @end quotation @table @asis @item @code{dest} @item @code{args} @end table @node remote_ld procedure, remote_load procedure, remote_file procedure, Procedures For Remote Communication @subsubheading remote_ld Procedure @findex remote_ld @quotation @t{@b{remote_ld} @i{dest} @i{prog}} @end quotation @table @asis @item @code{dest} @item @code{prog} @end table @node remote_load procedure, remote_open procedure, remote_ld procedure, Procedures For Remote Communication @subsubheading remote_load Procedure @findex remote_load @quotation @t{@b{remote_load} @i{dest} @i{prog} @i{args}} @end quotation @table @asis @item @code{dest} @item @code{prog} @item @code{args} @end table @node remote_open procedure, remote_pop_conn procedure, remote_load procedure, Procedures For Remote Communication @subsubheading remote_open Procedure @findex remote_open Open connection to a remote host or target. This requires the @code{target_info} array be filled in with the proper information to work. It returns the spawn id of the process that is the connection. @quotation @t{@b{remote_open} @i{type}} @end quotation @table @asis @item @code{type} This is passed @code{host} or @code{target}. Host or target refers to whether it is a connection to a remote target, or a remote host. This opens the connection to the desired target or host using the default values in the configuration system. It returns that @code{spawn_id} of the process that manages the connection. This value can be used in Expect or @code{exp_send} statements, or passed to other procedures that need the connection process's id. This also sets the @code{fileid} field in the @code{target_info} array. @end table @node remote_pop_conn procedure, remote_push_conn procedure, remote_open procedure, Procedures For Remote Communication @subsubheading remote_pop_conn Procedure @findex remote_pop_conn Pop a previously-pushed connection from the stack. You should have closed the current connection before calling this procedure. Returns @code{pass} or @code{fail}. @quotation @t{@b{remote_pop_conn} @i{host}} @end quotation @table @asis @item @code{host} @end table @node remote_push_conn procedure, remote_raw_binary procedure, remote_pop_conn procedure, Procedures For Remote Communication @subsubheading remote_push_conn Procedure @findex remote_push_conn Pushes the current connection onto a stack. Returns @code{pass} or @code{fail}. @quotation @t{@b{remote_push_conn} @i{host}} @end quotation @table @asis @item @code{host} @end table @node remote_raw_binary procedure, remote_raw_close procedure, remote_push_conn procedure, Procedures For Remote Communication @subsubheading remote_raw_binary Procedure @findex remote_raw_binary @quotation @t{@b{remote_raw_binary} @i{host}} @end quotation @table @asis @item @code{host} @end table @node remote_raw_close procedure, remote_raw_file procedure, remote_raw_binary procedure, Procedures For Remote Communication @subsubheading remote_raw_close Procedure @findex remote_raw_close @quotation @t{@b{remote_raw_close} @i{host}} @end quotation @table @asis @item @code{host} @end table @node remote_raw_file procedure, remote_raw_ld procedure, remote_raw_close procedure, Procedures For Remote Communication @subsubheading remote_raw_file Procedure @findex remote_raw_file @quotation @t{@b{remote_raw_file} @i{dest} @i{args}} @end quotation @table @asis @item @code{dest} @item @code{args} @end table @node remote_raw_ld procedure, remote_raw_load procedure, remote_raw_file procedure, Procedures For Remote Communication @subsubheading remote_raw_ld Procedure @findex remote_raw_ld @quotation @t{@b{remote_raw_ld} @i{dest} @i{prog}} @end quotation @table @asis @item @code{dest} @item @code{prog} @end table @node remote_raw_load procedure, remote_raw_open procedure, remote_raw_ld procedure, Procedures For Remote Communication @subsubheading remote_raw_load Procedure @findex remote_raw_load @quotation @t{@b{remote_raw_load} @i{dest} @i{prog} @i{args}} @end quotation @table @asis @item @code{dest} @item @code{prog} @item @code{args} @end table @node remote_raw_open procedure, remote_raw_send procedure, remote_raw_load procedure, Procedures For Remote Communication @subsubheading remote_raw_open Procedure @findex remote_raw_open @quotation @t{@b{remote_raw_open} @i{args}} @end quotation @table @asis @item @code{args} @end table @node remote_raw_send procedure, remote_raw_spawn procedure, remote_raw_open procedure, Procedures For Remote Communication @subsubheading remote_raw_send Procedure @findex remote_raw_send @quotation @t{@b{remote_raw_send} @i{dest} @i{string}} @end quotation @table @asis @item @code{dest} @item @code{string} @end table @node remote_raw_spawn procedure, remote_raw_transmit procedure, remote_raw_send procedure, Procedures For Remote Communication @subsubheading remote_raw_spawn Procedure @findex remote_raw_spawn @quotation @t{@b{remote_raw_spawn} @i{dest} @i{commandline}} @end quotation @table @asis @item @code{dest} @item @code{commandline} @end table @node remote_raw_transmit procedure, remote_raw_wait procedure, remote_raw_spawn procedure, Procedures For Remote Communication @subsubheading remote_raw_transmit Procedure @findex remote_raw_transmit @quotation @t{@b{remote_raw_transmit} @i{dest} @i{file}} @end quotation @table @asis @item @code{dest} @item @code{file} @end table @node remote_raw_wait procedure, remote_reboot procedure, remote_raw_transmit procedure, Procedures For Remote Communication @subsubheading remote_raw_wait Procedure @findex remote_raw_wait @quotation @t{@b{remote_raw_wait} @i{dest} @i{timeout}} @end quotation @table @asis @item @code{dest} @item @code{timeout} @end table @node remote_reboot procedure, remote_send procedure, remote_raw_wait procedure, Procedures For Remote Communication @subsubheading remote_reboot Procedure @findex remote_reboot Reboot the host. The return value of this procedure depends on the actual implementation of reboot that will be used, in practice it is expected that @code{remote_reboot} returns @b{1} on success and @b{0} on failure. @quotation @t{@b{remote_reboot} @i{host}} @end quotation @table @asis @item @code{host} @end table @node remote_send procedure, remote_spawn procedure, remote_reboot procedure, Procedures For Remote Communication @subsubheading remote_send Procedure @findex remote_send @quotation @t{@b{remote_send} @i{dest} @i{string}} @end quotation @table @asis @item @code{dest} @item @code{string} @end table @node remote_spawn procedure, remote_swap_conn procedure, remote_send procedure, Procedures For Remote Communication @subsubheading remote_spawn Procedure @findex remote_spawn Start a command on the destination. By default it is not possible to redirect I/O. If the command is successfully started, a positive spawn ID is returned. If the spawn fails, a negative value will be returned. Once the command has started, you can interact with it using @code{remote_expect} and @code{remote_wait} procedures. @quotation @t{@b{remote_spawn} @i{dest} @i{commandline} @i{args}} @end quotation @table @asis @item @code{dest} The destination. @item @code{commandline} The command to execute. @item @code{args} If the optional keyword @code{readonly} is specified, input to the command may be redirected. @end table @node remote_swap_conn procedure, remote_transmit procedure, remote_spawn procedure, Procedures For Remote Communication @subsubheading remote_swap_conn Procedure @findex remote_swap_conn Swap the current connection with the topmost one on the stack. Returns @code{pass} or @code{fail}. @quotation @t{@b{remote_swap_conn} @i{host}} @end quotation @table @asis @item @code{} @end table @node remote_transmit procedure, remote_upload procedure, remote_swap_conn procedure, Procedures For Remote Communication @subsubheading remote_transmit Procedure @findex remote_transmit @quotation @t{@b{remote_transmit} @i{dest} @i{file}} @end quotation @table @asis @item @code{dest} @item @code{file} @end table @node remote_upload procedure, remote_wait procedure, remote_transmit procedure, Procedures For Remote Communication @subsubheading remote_upload Procedure @findex remote_upload @quotation @t{@b{remote_upload} @i{dest} @i{srcfile} @i{arg}} @end quotation @table @asis @item @code{dest} @item @code{srcfile} @item @code{arg} @end table @node remote_wait procedure, standard_close procedure, remote_upload procedure, Procedures For Remote Communication @subsubheading remote_wait Procedure @findex remote_wait Wait for the last spawned command on the destination to complete. A list of two values is returned: the exit status (-1 if the program timed out) and any output produced by the command. @quotation @t{@b{remote_wait} @i{dest} @i{timeout}} @end quotation @table @asis @item @code{dest} The destination board. @item @code{timeout} The timeout in seconds. @end table @node standard_close procedure, standard_download procedure, remote_wait procedure, Procedures For Remote Communication @subsubheading standard_close Procedure @findex standard_close This procedure closes a connection. @quotation @t{@b{standard_close} @i{host}} @end quotation @table @asis @item @code{host} The host to close the connection to. @end table @node standard_download procedure, standard_exec procedure, standard_close procedure, Procedures For Remote Communication @subsubheading standard_download Procedure @findex standard_download Downloads a file to a destination. It returns either the empty string (indicating failure) or the name of the file on the destination. @quotation @t{@b{standard_download} @i{dest} @i{file} @i{destfile}} @end quotation @table @asis @item @code{dest} Destination board. @item @code{file} The name of the file to download. @item @code{destfile} If the optional @i{destile} is specified, that filename will be used on the destination board. @end table @node standard_exec procedure, standard_file procedure, standard_download procedure, Procedures For Remote Communication @subsubheading standard_exec Procedure @findex standard_exec @quotation @t{@b{standard_exec} @i{hostname} @i{args}} @end quotation @table @asis @item @code{hostname} @item @code{args} @end table @node standard_file procedure, standard_load procedure, standard_exec procedure, Procedures For Remote Communication @subsubheading standard_file Procedure @findex standard_file @quotation @t{@b{standard_file} @i{dest} @i{op} @i{args}} @end quotation @table @asis @item @code{} @end table @node standard_load procedure, standard_reboot procedure, standard_file procedure, Procedures For Remote Communication @subsubheading standard_load Procedure @findex standard_load @quotation @t{@b{standard_load} @i{dest} @i{prog} @i{args}} @end quotation @table @asis @item @code{dest} @item @code{prog} @item @code{args} @end table @node standard_reboot procedure, standard_send procedure, standard_load procedure, Procedures For Remote Communication @subsubheading standard_reboot Procedure @findex standard_reboot It looks like that this procedure is never called, instead @code{$@{board@}_reboot} defined in @file{base-config.exp} will be used because it has higher priority and @file{base-config.exp} is always imported by @code{runtest}. @quotation @t{@b{standard_reboot} @i{host}} @end quotation @table @asis @item @code{host} @end table @node standard_send procedure, standard_spawn procedure, standard_reboot procedure, Procedures For Remote Communication @subsubheading standard_send Procedure @findex standard_send @quotation @t{@b{standard_send} @i{dest} @i{string}} @end quotation @table @asis @item @code{dest} @item @code{string} @end table @node standard_spawn procedure, standard_transmit procedure, standard_send procedure, Procedures For Remote Communication @subsubheading standard_spawn Procedure @findex standard_spawn @quotation @t{@b{standard_spawn} @i{dest} @i{commandline}} @end quotation @table @asis @item @code{dest} @item @code{commandline} @end table @node standard_transmit procedure, standard_upload procedure, standard_spawn procedure, Procedures For Remote Communication @subsubheading standard_transmit Procedure @findex standard_transmit The default transmit procedure if none other exists. This feeds the file directly into the connection. @quotation @t{@b{standard_transmit} @i{dest} @i{file}} @end quotation @table @asis @item @code{dest} @item @code{file} File to transmit. @end table @node standard_upload procedure, standard_wait procedure, standard_transmit procedure, Procedures For Remote Communication @subsubheading standard_upload Procedure @findex standard_upload @quotation @t{@b{standard_upload} @i{dest srcfile destfile}} @end quotation @table @asis @item @code{dest} @item @code{srcfile} @item @code{destfile} @end table @node standard_wait procedure, unix_clean_filename procedure, standard_upload procedure, Procedures For Remote Communication @subsubheading standard_wait Procedure @findex standard_wait @quotation @t{@b{standard_wait} @i{dest} @i{timeout}} @end quotation @table @asis @item @code{dest} @item @code{timeout} @end table @node unix_clean_filename procedure, , standard_wait procedure, Procedures For Remote Communication @subsubheading unix_clean_filename Procedure @findex unix_clean_filename This procedure returns an absolute version of the filename argument with @samp{.} and @samp{..} removed. @quotation @t{@b{unix_clean_filename} @i{dest} @i{file}} @end quotation @table @asis @item @code{dest} @item @code{file} The filename. @end table @node connprocs, Procedures For Target Boards, Procedures For Remote Communication, Built-in Procedures @section Procedures For Using Utilities to Connect @menu * telnet Procedure: telnet procedure * rlogin Procedure: rlogin procedure * rsh Procedure: rsh procedure * tip Procedure: tip procedure * kermit Procedure: kermit procedure * kermit_open Procedure: kermit_open procedure * kermit_command Procedure: kermit_command procedure * kermit_send Procedure: kermit_send procedure * kermit_transmit Procedure: kermit_transmit procedure * telnet_open Procedure: telnet_open procedure * telnet_binary Procedure: telnet_binary procedure * tip_open Procedure: tip_open procedure * rlogin_open Procedure: rlogin_open procedure * rlogin_spawn Procedure: rlogin_spawn procedure * rsh_open Procedure: rsh_open procedure * rsh_download Procedure: rsh_download procedure * rsh_upload Procedure: rsh_upload procedure * rsh_exec Procedure: rsh_exec procedure * ssh_close Procedure: ssh_close procedure * ssh_exec Procedure: ssh_exec procedure * ssh_download Procedure: ssh_download procedure * ssh_upload Procedure: ssh_upload procedure * ftp_open Procedure: ftp_open procedure * ftp_upload Procedure: ftp_upload procedure * ftp_download Procedure: ftp_download procedure * ftp_close Procedure: ftp_close procedure * tip_download Procedure: tip_download procedure @end menu @node telnet procedure, rlogin procedure, , connprocs @subsubheading telnet Procedure @findex telnet @quotation @t{@b{telnet} @i{hostname} @i{port}} @end quotation @node rlogin procedure, rsh procedure, telnet procedure, connprocs @subsubheading rlogin Procedure @findex telnet @quotation @t{@b{rlogin} @i{hostname}} @end quotation @node rsh procedure, tip procedure, rlogin procedure, connprocs @subsubheading rsh Procedure @findex rsh @quotation @t{@b{rsh} @i{hostname}} @end quotation @table @asis @item @code{hostname} This refers to the IP address or name (for example, an entry in @file{/etc/hosts}) for this target. The procedure names reflect the Unix utility used to establish a connection. The optional @code{port} is used to specify the IP port number. The value of the @code{netport} field in the @code{target_info} array is used. (was @code{$netport}) This value has two parts, the hostname and the port number, separated by a @emph{:}. If host or target is used in the @code{hostname} field, than the config array is used for all information. @end table @node tip procedure, kermit procedure, rsh procedure, connprocs @subsubheading tip Procedure @findex tip @quotation @t{@b{tip} @i{port}} @end quotation @table @asis @item @code{port} Connect using the Unix utility @code{tip}. @code{Port}must be a name from the tip configuration file @file{/etc/remote}. Often, this is called @code{hardwire}, or something like @code{ttya}. This file holds all the configuration data for the serial port. The value of the @code{serial} field in the @code{target_info} array is used. (was @code{$serialport}) If @code{host} or @code{target} is used in the @code{port} field, than the config array is used for all information. the config array is used for all information. @end table @node kermit procedure, kermit_open procedure, tip procedure, connprocs @subsubheading kermit Procedure @findex kermit @quotation @t{@b{kermit} @i{port} @i{bps}} @end quotation @table @asis @item @code{port} Connect using the program @code{kermit}. @code{Port} is the device name, e.g. @file{/dev/ttyb}. @item @code{bps} @code{bps} is the line speed to use (in its per second) for the connection. The value of the @code{serial} field in the @code{target_info} array is used. (was @code{$serialport}) If @code{host} or @code{target} is used in the @code{port} field, than the config array is used for all information. the config array is used for all information. @end table @node kermit_open procedure, kermit_command procedure, kermit procedure, connprocs @subsubheading kermit_open Procedure @findex kermit_open @quotation @t{@b{kermit_open} @i{dest} @i{args}} @end quotation @table @asis @item @code{dest} @item @code{args} @end table @node kermit_command procedure, kermit_send procedure, kermit_open procedure, connprocs @subsubheading kermit_command Procedure @findex kermit_command @quotation @t{@b{kermit_command} @i{dest} @i{args}} @end quotation @table @asis @item @code{dest} @item @code{args} @end table @node kermit_send procedure, kermit_transmit procedure, kermit_command procedure, connprocs @subsubheading kermit_send Procedure @findex kermit_send @quotation @t{@b{kermit_send} @i{dest string args}} @end quotation @table @asis @item @code{dest} @item @code{string} @item @code{args} @end table @node kermit_transmit procedure, telnet_open procedure, kermit_send procedure, connprocs @subsubheading kermit_transmit Procedure @findex kermit_transmit @quotation @t{@b{kermit_transmit} @i{dest} @i{file} @i{args}} @end quotation @table @asis @item @code{dest} @item @code{file} @item @code{args} @end table @node telnet_open procedure, telnet_binary procedure, kermit_transmit procedure, connprocs @subsubheading telnet_open Procedure @findex telnet_open This procedure opens a connection to a remote host using TELNET. This procedure sets the @code{fileid} field in the @code{board_info} array and returns the spawn id (or -1 for error). @quotation @t{@b{telnet_open} @i{hostname} @i{args}} @end quotation @table @asis @item @code{hostname} The host to connect to with TELNET. @item @code{args} A list of options. Currently the only supported option is @code{raw}. @end table @node telnet_binary procedure, tip_open procedure, telnet_open procedure, connprocs @subsubheading telnet_binary Procedure @findex telnet_binary Puts an existing TELNET connection into binary mode. @quotation @t{@b{telnet_binary} @i{hostname}} @end quotation @table @asis @item @code{hostname} Hostname for the connection. @end table @node tip_open procedure, rlogin_open procedure, telnet_binary procedure, connprocs @subsubheading tip_open Procedure @findex tip_open Connect to a host using @code{tip(1)}. This procedure sets the board @code{fileid} field with the @code{spawn_id} on success and, otherwise, returns -1. @quotation @t{@b{tip_open} @i{hostname}} @end quotation @table @asis @item @code{hostname} Hostname to connect to. @end table @node rlogin_open procedure, rlogin_spawn procedure, tip_open procedure, connprocs @subsubheading rlogin_open Procedure @findex rlogin_open @quotation @t{@b{rlogin_open} @i{arg}} @end quotation @table @asis @item @code{arg} @end table @node rlogin_spawn procedure, rsh_open procedure, rlogin_open procedure, connprocs @subsubheading rlogin_spawn Procedure @findex rlogin_spawn @quotation @t{@b{rlogin_spawn} @i{dest} @i{cmdline}} @end quotation @table @asis @item @code{dest} @item @code{cmdline} @end table @node rsh_open procedure, rsh_download procedure, rlogin_spawn procedure, connprocs @subsubheading rsh_open Procedure @findex rsh_open @quotation @t{@b{rsh_open} @i{hostname}} @end quotation @table @asis @item @code{hostname} @end table @node rsh_download procedure, rsh_upload procedure, rsh_open procedure, connprocs @subsubheading rsh_download Procedure @findex rsh_download @quotation @t{@b{rsh_download} @i{desthost} @i{srcfile} @i{destfile}} @end quotation @table @asis @item @code{desthost} @item @code{srcfile} @item @code{destfile} @end table @node rsh_upload procedure, rsh_exec procedure, rsh_download procedure, connprocs @subsubheading rsh_upload Procedure @findex rsh_upload @quotation @t{@b{rsh_upload} @i{desthost} @i{srcfile} @i{destfile}} @end quotation @table @asis @item @code{desthost} @item @code{srcfile} @item @code{destfile} @end table @node rsh_exec procedure, ssh_close procedure, rsh_upload procedure, connprocs @subsubheading rsh_exec Procedure @findex rsh_exec @quotation @t{@b{rsh_exec} @i{boardname} @i{cmd} @i{args}} @end quotation @table @asis @item @code{boardname} @item @code{cmd} @item @code{args} @end table @node ssh_close procedure, ssh_exec procedure, rsh_exec procedure, connprocs @subsubheading ssh_close procedure @findex ssh_close @quotation @t{@b{ssh_close} @i{desthost}} @end quotation @table @asis @item @code{desthost} @end table @node ssh_exec procedure, ssh_download procedure, ssh_close procedure, connprocs @subsubheading ssh_exec procedure @findex ssh_exec @quotation @t{@b{ssh_exec} @i{boardname} @i{program} @i{pargs} @i{inp} @i{outp}} @end quotation @table @asis @item @code{boardname} @item @code{program} @item @code{pargs} @item @code{inp} @item @code{outp} @end table @node ssh_download procedure, ssh_upload procedure, ssh_exec procedure, connprocs @subsubheading ssh_download procedure @findex ssh_download @quotation @t{@b{ssh_download} @i{desthost} @i{srcfile} @i{destfile}} @end quotation @table @asis @item @code{desthost} @item @code{srcfile} @item @code{destfile} @end table @node ssh_upload procedure, ftp_open procedure, ssh_download procedure, connprocs @subsubheading ssh_upload procedure @findex ssh_upload @quotation @t{@b{ssh_upload} @i{desthost} @i{srcfile} @i{destfile}} @end quotation @table @asis @item @code{desthost} @item @code{srcfile} @item @code{destfile} @end table @node ftp_open procedure, ftp_upload procedure, ssh_upload procedure, connprocs @subsubheading ftp_open Procedure @findex ftp_open Open an FTP connection. @quotation @t{@b{ftp_open} @i{host}} @end quotation @table @asis @item @code{host} The host to open the FTP connection to. @end table @node ftp_upload procedure, ftp_download procedure, ftp_open procedure, connprocs @subsubheading ftp_upload Procedure @findex ftp_upload Fetches a file from a remote host using FTP. @quotation @t{@b{ftp_upload} @i{host} @i{remotefile} @i{localfile}} @end quotation @table @asis @item @code{host} The host to transfer the file from. @item @code{remotefile} The filename at the remote end. @item @code{localfile} The filename to store locally. @end table @node ftp_download procedure, ftp_close procedure, ftp_upload procedure, connprocs @subsubheading ftp_download Procedure @findex ftp_download Sends a file to a remote host using FTP. @quotation @t{@b{ftp_download} @i{host} @i{localfile} @i{remotefile}} @end quotation @table @asis @item @code{host} The host to transfer the file from. @item @code{localfile} The filename on the local system. @item @code{remotefile} The filename at the remote end. @end table @node ftp_close procedure, tip_download procedure, ftp_download procedure, connprocs @subsubheading ftp_close Procedure @findex ftp_close Closes the FTP connection to a host. @quotation @t{@b{ftp_close} @i{host}} @end quotation @table @asis @item @code{host} The host connection to close. @end table @node tip_download procedure, , ftp_close procedure, connprocs @subsubheading tip_download Procedure @findex tip_download @quotation @t{@b{tip_download} @i{spawnid} @i{file}} @end quotation @table @asis @item @code{spawnid} Download @code{file} to the process @code{spawnid} (the value returned when the connection was established), using the @code{~put} command under tip. Most often used for single board computers that require downloading programs in ASCII S-records. Returns @emph{1} if an error occurs, @emph{0} otherwise. @item @code{file} This is the filename to download. @end table @node Procedures For Target Boards, target database library file, connprocs, Built-in Procedures @section Procedures For Target Boards @menu * default_link Procedure: default_link procedure * default_target_assemble Procedure: default_target_assemble procedure * default_target_compile Procedure: default_target_compile procedure * pop_config Procedure: pop_config procedure * prune_warnings Procedure: prune_warnings procedure * push_build Procedure: push_build procedure * push_config Procedure: push_config procedure * reboot_target Procedure: reboot_target procedure * target_assemble Procedure: target_assemble procedure * target_compile Procedure: target_compile procedure @end menu @node default_link procedure, default_target_assemble procedure, , Procedures For Target Boards @subsubheading default_link Procedure @findex default_link @quotation @t{@b{default_link} @i{board} @i{objects} @i{destfile} @i{flags}} @end quotation @table @asis @item @code{board} @item @code{objects} @item @code{destfile} @item @code{flags} @end table @node default_target_assemble procedure, default_target_compile procedure, default_link procedure, Procedures For Target Boards @subsubheading default_target_assemble Procedure @findex default_target_assemble @quotation @t{@b{default_target_assemble} @i{source} @i{destfile} @i{flags}} @end quotation @table @asis @item @code{source} @item @code{destfile} @item @code{flags} @end table @node default_target_compile procedure, pop_config procedure, default_target_assemble procedure, Procedures For Target Boards @subsubheading default_target_compile Procedure @findex default_target_compile @quotation @t{@b{default_target_compile} @i{source} @i{destfile} @i{type} @i{options}} @end quotation @table @asis @item @code{source} @item @code{destfile} @item @code{type} @item @code{options} @end table @node pop_config procedure, prune_warnings procedure, default_target_compile procedure, Procedures For Target Boards @subsubheading pop_config Procedure @findex pop_config @quotation @t{@b{pop_config} @i{type}} @end quotation @table @asis @item @code{type} @end table @node prune_warnings procedure, push_build procedure, pop_config procedure, Procedures For Target Boards @subsubheading prune_warnings Procedure @findex prune_warnings @quotation @t{@b{prune_warnings} @i{text}} @end quotation @table @asis @item @code{text} @end table @node push_build procedure, push_config procedure, prune_warnings procedure, Procedures For Target Boards @subsubheading push_build Procedure @findex push_build @quotation @t{@b{push_build} @i{name}} @end quotation @table @asis @item @code{name} @end table @node push_config procedure, reboot_target procedure, push_build procedure, Procedures For Target Boards @subsubheading push_config Procedure @findex push_config @quotation @t{@b{push_config} @i{type} @i{name}} @end quotation @table @asis @item @code{type} @item @code{name} @end table @node reboot_target procedure, target_assemble procedure, push_config procedure, Procedures For Target Boards @subsubheading reboot_target Procedure @findex reboot_target Reboot the target. @quotation @t{@b{reboot_target}} @end quotation @node target_assemble procedure, target_compile procedure, reboot_target procedure, Procedures For Target Boards @subsubheading target_assemble Procedure @findex target_assemble @quotation @t{@b{target_assemble} @i{source destfile flags}} @end quotation @table @asis @item @code{source} @item @code{destfile} @item @code{flags} @end table @node target_compile procedure, , target_assemble procedure, Procedures For Target Boards @subsubheading target_compile Procedure @findex target_compile @quotation @t{@b{target_compile} @i{source} @i{destfile} @i{type} @i{options}} @end quotation @table @asis @item @code{source} @item @code{destfile} @item @code{type} @item @code{options} @end table @node target database library file, platform dependent procedures, Procedures For Target Boards, Built-in Procedures @section Target Database Procedures @menu * board_info Procedure: board_info procedure * host_info Procedure: host_info procedure * set_board_info Procedure: set_board_info procedure * add_board_info Procedure: add_board_info procedure * set_currtarget_info Procedure: set_currtarget_info procedure * target_info Procedure: target_info procedure * unset_board_info Procedure: unset_board_info procedure * unset_currtarget_info Procedure: unset_currtarget_info procedure * push_target Procedure: push_target procedure * pop_target Procedure: pop_target procedure * list_targets Procedure: list_targets procedure * push_host Procedure: push_host procedure * pop_host Procedure: pop_host procedure @end menu @node board_info procedure, host_info procedure, , target database library file @subsubheading board_info Procedure @findex board_info Searches the @code{board_info} array for the specified information. @quotation @t{@b{board_info} @i{machine} @i{op} @i{args}} @end quotation @table @asis @item @code{machine} @item @code{op} @item @code{args} @end table @node host_info procedure, set_board_info procedure, board_info procedure, target database library file @subsubheading host_info Procedure @findex host_info @quotation @t{@b{host_info} @i{op} @i{args}} @end quotation @table @asis @item @code{op} @item @code{args} @end table @node set_board_info procedure, add_board_info procedure, host_info procedure, target database library file @subsubheading set_board_info Procedure @findex set_board_info This checks if the @code{board_info} array entry has been set already and, if not, sets it to given value. @quotation @t{@b{set_board_info} @i{entry} @i{value}} @end quotation @table @asis @item @code{entry} Field of the @code{board_info} to set. @item @code{value} Value to set the field to. @end table @node add_board_info procedure, set_currtarget_info procedure, set_board_info procedure, target database library file @subsubheading add_board_info Procedure @findex add_board_info This treats @code{board_info} array's field @emph{entry} as a TCL list and adds @emph{value} at the end. @quotation @t{@b{add_board_info} @i{entry} @i{value}} @end quotation @table @asis @item @code{entry} The name of a @code{board_info} field to operate on. @item @code{value} The value to add to the field. @end table @node set_currtarget_info procedure, target_info procedure, add_board_info procedure, target database library file @subsubheading set_currtarget_info Procedure @findex set_currtarget_info @quotation @t{@b{set_currtarget_info} @i{entry} @i{value}} @end quotation @table @asis @item @code{entry} @item @code{value} @end table @node target_info procedure, unset_board_info procedure, set_currtarget_info procedure, target database library file @subsubheading target_info Procedure @findex target_info @quotation @t{@b{target_info} @i{op} @i{args}} @end quotation @table @asis @item @code{op} @item @code{args} @end table @node unset_board_info procedure, unset_currtarget_info procedure, target_info procedure, target database library file @subsubheading unset_board_info Procedure @findex unset_board_info This checks if @code{board_info} array's field @emph{entry} has been set and if so, then removes it. @quotation @t{@b{unset_board_info} @i{entry}} @end quotation @table @asis @item @code{entry} The name of a @code{board_info} field to operate on. @end table @node unset_currtarget_info procedure, push_target procedure, unset_board_info procedure, target database library file @subsubheading unset_currtarget_info Procedure @findex unset_currtarget_info @quotation @t{@b{unset_currtarget_info} @i{entry}} @end quotation @table @asis @item @code{entry} @end table @node push_target procedure, pop_target procedure, unset_currtarget_info procedure, target database library file @subsubheading push_target Procedure @findex push_target This makes the target named @emph{name} be the current target connection. @quotation @t{@b{push_target} @i{name}} @end quotation @table @asis @item @code{name} Name of the target to make the current connection. @end table @node pop_target procedure, list_targets procedure, push_target procedure, target database library file @subsubheading pop_target Procedure @findex pop_target This unsets the current target connection. @quotation @t{@b{pop_target}} @end quotation @node list_targets procedure, push_host procedure, pop_target procedure, target database library file @subsubheading list_targets Procedure @findex list_targets This lists all the supported targets for this architecture. @quotation @t{@b{list_targets}} @end quotation @node push_host procedure, pop_host procedure, list_targets procedure, target database library file @subsubheading push_host Procedure @findex push_host This procedure makes the host named @emph{name} be the current remote host connection. @quotation @t{@b{push_host} @i{name}} @end quotation @table @asis @item @code{name} Name of the host to make the current connection. @end table @node pop_host procedure, , push_host procedure, target database library file @subsubheading pop_host Procedure @findex pop_host This unsets the current host connection. @quotation @t{@b{pop_host}} @end quotation @node platform dependent procedures, Utility Procedures, target database library file, Built-in Procedures @section Platform Dependent Procedures Each combination of target and tool requires some target-dependent procedures. The names of these procedures have a common form: the tool name, followed by an underscore @emph{_}, and finally a suffix describing the procedure's purpose. For example, a procedure to extract the version from GDB is called @code{gdb_version}. @code{runtest} itself calls only two of these procedures, @code{$@{tool@}_exit} and @code{$@{tool@}_version}; these procedures use no arguments. The other two procedures, @code{$@{tool@}_start} and @code{$@{tool@}_load}, are only called by the test suites themselves (or by testsuite-specific initialization code); they may take arguments or not, depending on the conventions used within each testsuite. The usual convention for return codes from any of these procedures (although it is not required by @code{runtest}) is to return @emph{0} if the procedure succeeded, @emph{1} if it failed, and @emph{-1} if there was a communication error. @menu * $@{tool@}_start Procedure: $@{tool@}_start procedure * $@{tool@}_load Procedure: $@{tool@}_load procedure * $@{tool@}_exit Procedure: $@{tool@}_exit procedure * $@{tool@}_version Procedure: $@{tool@}_version procedure @end menu @node $@{tool@}_start procedure, $@{tool@}_load procedure, , platform dependent procedures @subsubheading $@{tool@}_start Procedure @findex $@{tool@}_start Starts a particular tool. For an interactive tool, @code{$@{tool@}_start} starts and initializes the tool, leaving the tool up and running for the test cases; an example is @code{gdb_start}, the start function for GDB. For a batch-oriented tool, @code{$@{tool@}_start} is optional; the recommended convention is to let @code{$@{tool@}_start} run the tool, leaving the output in a variable called @code{comp_output}. Test scripts can then analyze @code{$comp_output} to determine the test results. An example of this second kind of start function is @code{gcc_start}, the start function for GCC. DejaGnu itself does not call @code{$@{tool@}_start}. The initialization module @code{$@{tool@}_init.exp} must call @code{$@{tool@}_start} for interactive tools; for batch-oriented tools, each individual test script calls @code{$@{tool@}_start} (or makes other arrangements to run the tool). @quotation @t{@b{$@{tool@}_start}} @end quotation @node $@{tool@}_load procedure, $@{tool@}_exit procedure, $@{tool@}_start procedure, platform dependent procedures @subsubheading $@{tool@}_load Procedure @findex $@{tool@}_load Loads something into a tool. For an interactive tool, this conditions the tool for a particular test case; for example, @code{gdb_load} loads a new executable file into the debugger. For batch-oriented tools, @code{$@{tool@}_load} may do nothing---though, for example, the GCC support uses @code{gcc_load} to load and run a binary on the target environment. Conventionally, @code{$@{tool@}_load} leaves the output of any program it runs in a variable called @code{$exec_output}. Writing @code{$@{tool@}_load} can be the most complex part of extending DejaGnu to a new tool or a new target, if it requires much communication coding or file downloading. Test scripts call @code{$@{tool@}_load}. @quotation @t{@b{$@{tool@}_load}} @end quotation @node $@{tool@}_exit procedure, $@{tool@}_version procedure, $@{tool@}_load procedure, platform dependent procedures @subsubheading $@{tool@}_exit Procedure @findex $@{tool@}_exit Cleans up (if necessary) before DejaGnu exits. For interactive tools, this usually ends the interactive session. You can also use @code{$@{tool@}_exit} to remove any temporary files left over from the tests. @code{runtest} calls @code{$@{tool@}_exit}. @quotation @t{@b{$@{tool@}_exit}} @end quotation @node $@{tool@}_version procedure, , $@{tool@}_exit procedure, platform dependent procedures @subsubheading $@{tool@}_version Procedure @findex $@{tool@}_version Prints the version label and number for @code{$@{tool@}}. This is called by the DejaGnu procedure that prints the final summary report. The output should consist of the full path name used for the tested tool, and its version number. @quotation @t{@b{$@{tool@}_version}} @end quotation @node Utility Procedures, Libgloss, platform dependent procedures, Built-in Procedures @section Utility Procedures @menu * getdirs Procedure: getdirs procedure * relative_filename Procedure: relative_filename procedure * find Procedure: find procedure * which Procedure: which procedure * grep Procedure: grep procedure * prune Procedure: prune procedure * runtest_file_p Procedure: runtest_file_p procedure * diff Procedure: diff procedure * setenv Procedure: setenv procedure * unsetenv Procedure: unsetenv procedure * getenv Procedure: getenv procedure * prune_system_crud Procedure: prune_system_crud procedure @end menu @node getdirs procedure, relative_filename procedure, Utility Procedures, Utility Procedures @subsubheading getdirs Procedure @findex getdirs Returns a list of all the subdirectories in a single directory that match a glob pattern. If no directories match the pattern, then an empty list is returned. @quotation @t{@b{getdirs} @i{-all} @i{rootdir} @i{pattern}} @end quotation @table @asis @item @code{-all} If this option is given, then subdirectories will be matched recursively. @item @code{rootdir} The top level directory to start the search from. @item @code{pattern} If you do not specify @code{pattern}, @code{getdirs} uses a default pattern of @code{*}. You may use the common shell wildcard characters in the pattern. @end table @node relative_filename procedure, find procedure, getdirs procedure, Utility Procedures @subsubheading relative_filename Procedure @findex relative_filename Return a relative file name, given a starting point. @quotation @t{@b{relative_filename} @i{base} @i{destination}} @end quotation @table @asis @item @code{base} The starting point for relative file name traversal. @item @code{destination} The absolute file name that should be reached by appending the return value to @i{base}. @end table @node find procedure, which procedure, relative_filename procedure, Utility Procedures @subsubheading find Procedure @findex find Search for files whose names match a glob pattern. Search subdirectories recursively, starting at a particular root directory. The result is the list of files whose names match. Filenames in the result include all intervening subdirectory names. If no files match the pattern, then an empty string is returned. @quotation @t{@b{find} @i{rootdir} @i{pattern}} @end quotation @table @asis @item @code{rootdir} The top level directory to start the search from. @item @code{pattern} A glob pattern representing the files to find. @end table @node which procedure, grep procedure, find procedure, Utility Procedures @subsubheading which Procedure @findex which Searches the execution path for an executable file like the BSD @code{which(1)} utility. This procedure uses the shell environment variable @code{PATH}. It returns @b{0} if the binary is not in the path or if the @code{PATH} environment variable is not set. If the file is in the path, this procedure returns the full path to the file. @quotation @t{@b{which} @i{file}} @end quotation @table @asis @item @code{file} The executable program or shell script to look for. @end table @node grep procedure, prune procedure, which procedure, Utility Procedures @subsubheading grep Procedure @findex grep Search a named file for lines that contain a match for a regular expression. The result is a list of all the lines that match. If no lines match, the result is an empty string. All of the Tcl regular expression syntax is supported. @quotation @t{@b{grep} @i{-n} @i{filename} @i{regexp} @b{line}} @end quotation @table @asis @item @code{-n} The @code{-n} option prefixes matched lines in the result with the line number, just like GNU @code{grep} does. This option should be used in preference to the @code{line} keyword documented below. @item @code{filename} The file to search. @item @code{regexp} The Unix style regular expression (as used by the @code{grep} UNIX utility) to search for. @item @code{line} Use the optional keyword @code{line} to prefix matched lines in the result with the line number. This usage is deprecated. @end table @node prune procedure, runtest_file_p procedure, grep procedure, Utility Procedures @subsubheading prune Procedure @findex prune This procedure is deprecated and will be removed in a future release of DejaGnu. If a testsuite uses this procedure, a copy of the procedure should be made and placed in the @file{lib} directory of the testsuite. @node runtest_file_p procedure, diff procedure, prune procedure, Utility Procedures @subsubheading runtest_file_p Procedure @findex runtest_file_p Search @emph{runtest}s for @emph{testcase} and return @b{1} if found, @b{0} if not. This is used by tools like compilers where each testcase is a file. @quotation @t{@b{runtest_file_p} @i{runtests} @i{testcase}} @end quotation @table @asis @item @code{runtests} @code{runtests} is a list of two elements. The first is a copy of what was on the right side of the @code{=} if @code{foo.exp="..."} was specified, or an empty string if no such argument is present. @item @code{testcase} The filename of the current testcase under consideration. @end table @node diff procedure, setenv procedure, runtest_file_p procedure, Utility Procedures @subsubheading diff Procedure @findex diff Compares two files and returns @b{1} if they match (no differences) or @b{0} if not. If @code{verbose} is set, then it will print the differences to the console. @quotation @t{@b{diff} @i{file1} @i{file2}} @end quotation @table @asis @item @code{file1} First file for the comparison. @item @code{file2} Second file for the comparison. @end table @node setenv procedure, unsetenv procedure, diff procedure, Utility Procedures @subsubheading setenv Procedure @findex setenv Set an environment variable. @quotation @t{@b{setenv} @i{var} @i{val}} @end quotation @table @asis @item @code{var} The environment variable to set. @item @code{val} The value to set the variable to. @end table @node unsetenv procedure, getenv procedure, setenv procedure, Utility Procedures @subsubheading unsetenv Procedure @findex unsetenv Unset an environment variable. @quotation @t{@b{unsetenv} @i{var} } @end quotation @table @asis @item @code{var} The environment variable to unset. @end table @node getenv procedure, prune_system_crud procedure, unsetenv procedure, Utility Procedures @subsubheading getenv Procedure @findex getenv Returns the value of the envrionment variable @emph{var} if it is defined, otherwise an empty string is returned. @quotation @t{@b{getenv} @i{var} } @end quotation @table @asis @item @code{var} Environment variable to retrieve. @end table @node prune_system_crud procedure, , getenv procedure, Utility Procedures @subsubheading prune_system_crud Procedure @findex prune_system_crud Delete text that the host or target operating system might issue that will interfere with pattern matching of program output. An example is the message that is printed if a shared library is out of date. @quotation @t{@b{prune_system_crud} @i{system} @i{test}} @end quotation @table @asis @item @code{system} The system error messages to filter out. @item @code{text} The Tcl variable containing the text. @end table @node Libgloss, Debugging Procedures, Utility Procedures, Built-in Procedures @section Libgloss, a free board support package (BSP) Libgloss is a free board support package @dfn{BSP} commonly used with GCC and G++ to produce a fully linked executable image for an embedded systems. @menu * libgloss_link_flags Procedure: libgloss_link_flags procedure * libgloss_include_flags Procedure: libgloss_include_flags procedure * newlib_link_flags Procedure: newlib_link_flags procedure * newlib_include_flags Procedure: newlib_include_flags procedure * libio_include_flags Procedure: libio_include_flags procedure * libio_link_flags Procedure: libio_link_flags procedure * g++_include_flags Procedure: g++_include_flags procedure * g++_link_flags Procedure: g++_link_flags procedure * libstdc++_include_flags Procedure: libstdc++_include_flags procedure * libstdc++_link_flags Procedure: libstdc++_link_flags procedure * get_multilibs Procedure: get_multilibs procedure * find_binutils_prog Procedure: find_binutils_prog procedure * find_gcc Procedure: find_gcc procedure * find_gcj Procedure: find_gcj procedure * find_g++ Procedure: find_g++ procedure * find_g77 Procedure: find_g77 procedure * find_gfortran Procedure: find_gfortran procedure * process_multilib_options Procedure: process_multilib_options procedure * add_multilib_option Procedure: add_multilib_option procedure * find_gas Procedure: find_gas procedure * find_ld Procedure: find_ld procedure * build_wrapper Procedure: build_wrapper procedure * winsup_include_flags Procedure: winsup_include_flags procedure * winsup_link_flags Procedure: winsup_link_flags procedure @end menu @node libgloss_link_flags procedure, libgloss_include_flags procedure, , Libgloss @subsubheading libgloss_link_flags Procedure @findex libgloss_link_flags Finds the pieces of @code{libgloss} needed to link a set of object files into an executable. This usually means setting the @code{-L} and @code{-B} paths correctly. @quotation @t{@b{libgloss_link_flags} @i{args} } @end quotation @table @asis @item @code{args} Ignored. @end table @node libgloss_include_flags procedure, newlib_link_flags procedure, libgloss_link_flags procedure, Libgloss @subsubheading libgloss_include_flags Procedure @findex libgloss_include_flags This procedure always returns an empty string. It is provided for consistency. @quotation @t{@b{libgloss_include_flags} @i{args}} @end quotation @table @asis @item @code{args} Ignored. @end table @node newlib_link_flags procedure, newlib_include_flags procedure, libgloss_include_flags procedure, Libgloss @subsubheading newlib_link_flags Procedure @findex newlib_link_flags Return the options needed to link an executable with @code{newlib}. This usually means setting the @code{-L} and @code{-B} paths correctly. @quotation @t{@b{newlib_link_flags} @i{args}} @end quotation @table @asis @item @code{args} Ignored. @end table @node newlib_include_flags procedure, libio_include_flags procedure, newlib_link_flags procedure, Libgloss @subsubheading newlib_include_flags Procedure @findex newlib_include_flags Return the options needed to locate the @code{newlib} header files. @quotation @t{@b{newlib_include_flags} @i{args}} @end quotation @table @asis @item @code{args} Ignored. @end table @node libio_include_flags procedure, libio_link_flags procedure, newlib_include_flags procedure, Libgloss @subsubheading libio_include_flags Procedure @findex libio_include_flags @quotation @t{@b{libio_include_flags} @i{args}} @end quotation Return the options needed to locate the @code{libio} header files. @table @asis @item @code{args} Ignored. @end table @node libio_link_flags procedure, g++_include_flags procedure, libio_include_flags procedure, Libgloss @subsubheading libio_link_flags Procedure @findex libio_link_flags @quotation @t{@b{libio_link_flags} @i{args}} @end quotation Return the options needed to link an executable with @code{libio}. This usually means setting the @code{-L} and @code{-B} paths correctly. @table @asis @item @code{args} Ignored. @end table @node g++_include_flags procedure, g++_link_flags procedure, libio_link_flags procedure, Libgloss @subsubheading g++_include_flags Procedure @findex g++_include_flags Return the options needed to locate the C++ stnadard library header files. @quotation @t{@b{g++_include_flags} @i{args}} @end quotation @table @asis @item @code{args} Ignored. @end table @node g++_link_flags procedure, libstdc++_include_flags procedure, g++_include_flags procedure, Libgloss @subsubheading g++_link_flags Procedure @findex g++_link_flags @quotation @t{@b{g++_link_flags} @i{args}} @end quotation Return the options needed to link an executable with @code{libg++}. This usually means setting the @code{-L} and @code{-B} paths correctly. @table @asis @item @code{args} Ignored. @end table @node libstdc++_include_flags procedure, libstdc++_link_flags procedure, g++_link_flags procedure, Libgloss @subsubheading libstdc++_include_flags Procedure @findex libstdc++_include_flags @quotation @t{@b{libstdc++_include_flags} @i{args}} @end quotation Return the options needed to locate the C++ stnadard library header files. @table @asis @item @code{args} Ignored. @end table @node libstdc++_link_flags procedure, get_multilibs procedure, libstdc++_include_flags procedure, Libgloss @subsubheading libstdc++_link_flags Procedure @findex libstdc++_link_flags @quotation @t{@b{libstdc++_link_flags} @i{args}} @end quotation @table @asis @item @code{args} @end table @node get_multilibs procedure, find_binutils_prog procedure, libstdc++_link_flags procedure, Libgloss @subsubheading get_multilibs Procedure @findex get_multilibs @quotation @t{@b{get_multilibs} @i{args}} @end quotation @table @asis @item @code{args} @end table @node find_binutils_prog procedure, find_gcc procedure, get_multilibs procedure, Libgloss @subsubheading find_binutils_prog Procedure @findex find_binutils_prog @quotation @t{@b{find_binutils_prog} @i{name}} @end quotation @table @asis @item @code{name} @end table @node find_gcc procedure, find_gcj procedure, find_binutils_prog procedure, Libgloss @subsubheading find_gcc Procedure @findex find_gcc Looks for a copy of the GNU C compiler in the build tree and in the @code{PATH}. This will also return the proper transformed name for a cross-compiler if the build tree is configured for one. @quotation @t{@b{find_gcc}} @end quotation @node find_gcj procedure, find_g++ procedure, find_gcc procedure, Libgloss @subsubheading find_gcj Procedure @findex find_gcj Looks for a copy of the GNU Java compiler in the build tree and in the @code{PATH}. This will also return the proper transformed name for a cross-compiler if the build tree is configured for one. @quotation @t{@b{find_gcj}} @end quotation @node find_g++ procedure, find_g77 procedure, find_gcj procedure, Libgloss @subsubheading find_g++ Procedure @findex find_g++ Looks for a copy of the GNU C++ compiler in the build tree and in the @code{PATH}. This will also return the proper transformed name for a cross-compiler if the build tree is configured for one. @quotation @t{@b{find_g++}} @end quotation @node find_g77 procedure, find_gfortran procedure, find_g++ procedure, Libgloss @subsubheading find_g77 Procedure @findex find_g77 Looks for a copy of the GNU Fortran 77 compiler in the build tree and in the @code{PATH}. This will also return the proper transformed name for a cross-compiler if the build tree is configured for one. @quotation @t{@b{find_g77}} @end quotation @node find_gfortran procedure, process_multilib_options procedure, find_g77 procedure, Libgloss @subsubheading find_gfortran Procedure @findex find_gfortran Looks for a copy of the GNU Fortran compiler in the build tree and in the @code{PATH}. This will also return the proper transformed name for a cross-compiler if the build tree is configured for one. @quotation @t{@b{find_gfortran}} @end quotation @node process_multilib_options procedure, add_multilib_option procedure, find_gfortran procedure, Libgloss @subsubheading process_multilib_options Procedure @findex process_multilib_options @quotation @t{@b{process_multilib_options} @i{args}} @end quotation @table @asis @item @code{args} @end table @node add_multilib_option procedure, find_gas procedure, process_multilib_options procedure, Libgloss @subsubheading add_multilib_option Procedure @findex add_multilib_option @quotation @t{@b{add_multilib_option} @i{args}} @end quotation @table @asis @item @code{args} @end table @node find_gas procedure, find_ld procedure, add_multilib_option procedure, Libgloss @subsubheading find_gas Procedure @findex find_gas @quotation @t{@b{find_gas}} @end quotation @node find_ld procedure, build_wrapper procedure, find_gas procedure, Libgloss @subsubheading find_ld Procedure @findex find_ld @quotation @t{@b{find_ld}} @end quotation @node build_wrapper procedure, winsup_include_flags procedure, find_ld procedure, Libgloss @subsubheading build_wrapper Procedure @findex build_wrapper @quotation @t{@b{build_wrapper} @i{gluefile}} @end quotation @table @asis @item @code{gluefile} @end table @node winsup_include_flags procedure, winsup_link_flags procedure, build_wrapper procedure, Libgloss @subsubheading winsup_include_flags Procedure @findex winsup_include_flags @quotation @t{@b{winsup_include_flags} @i{args}} @end quotation @table @asis @item @code{args} @end table @node winsup_link_flags procedure, , winsup_include_flags procedure, Libgloss @subsubheading winsup_link_flags Procedure @findex winsup_link_flags @quotation @t{@b{winsup_link_flags} @i{args}} @end quotation @table @asis @item @code{args} @end table @node Debugging Procedures, , Libgloss, Built-in Procedures @section Procedures for debugging your scripts @menu * dumpvars Procedure: dumpvars procedure * dumplocals Procedure: dumplocals procedure * dumprocs Procedure: dumprocs procedure * dumpwatch Procedure: dumpwatch procedure * watcharray Procedure: watcharray procedure * watchvar Procedure: watchvar procedure * watchunset Procedure: watchunset procedure * watchwrite Procedure: watchwrite procedure * watchread Procedure: watchread procedure * watchdel Procedure: watchdel procedure * print Procedure: print procedure * quit Procedure: quit procedure @end menu @node dumpvars procedure, dumplocals procedure, , Debugging Procedures @subsubheading dumpvars Procedure @findex dumpvars This procedure prints the values of the global variables that match a glob pattern. Abbreviation: @kbd{dv}. @quotation @t{@b{dumpvars} @i{pattern}} @end quotation @table @asis @item @code{pattern} The global variables to dump. @end table @node dumplocals procedure, dumprocs procedure, dumpvars procedure, Debugging Procedures @subsubheading dumplocals Procedure @findex dumplocals This procedure prints the values of local variables that match a glob pattern. Abbreviation: @kbd{dl}. @quotation @t{@b{dumplocals} @i{pattern} } @end quotation @table @asis @item @code{pattern} The local variables to dump. @end table @node dumprocs procedure, dumpwatch procedure, dumplocals procedure, Debugging Procedures @subsubheading dumprocs Procedure @findex dumprocs This procedure dumps the body of all procs that match a glob pattern. It is abbreviated as @kbd{dp}. @quotation @t{@b{dumprocs} @i{pattern}} @end quotation @table @asis @item @code{pattern} The proc bodies to dump. @end table @node dumpwatch procedure, watcharray procedure, dumprocs procedure, Debugging Procedures @subsubheading dumpwatch Procedure @findex dumpwatch This procedure prints all of the watchpoints matching a glob pattern. It is abbreviated as @kbd{dw}. @quotation @t{@b{dumpwatch} @i{pattern}} @end quotation @table @asis @item @code{pattern} The watchpoints to dump. @end table @node watcharray procedure, watchvar procedure, dumpwatch procedure, Debugging Procedures @subsubheading watcharray Procedure @findex watcharray @quotation @t{@b{watcharray} @i{array} @i{element} @i{type}} @end quotation @table @asis @item @code{array} @item @code{element} @item @code{type} The csh "glob" style pattern to look for. @end table @node watchvar procedure, watchunset procedure, watcharray procedure, Debugging Procedures @subsubheading watchvar Procedure @findex watchvar @quotation @t{@b{watchvar} @i{var} @i{type}} @end quotation @table @asis @item @code{var} @item @code{type} @end table @node watchunset procedure, watchwrite procedure, watchvar procedure, Debugging Procedures @subsubheading watchunset Procedure @findex watchunset This breaks program execution when the variable @code{var} is unset. Abbreviation: @kbd{wu}. @quotation @t{@b{watchunset} @i{pattern}} @end quotation @table @asis @item @code{pattern} @end table @node watchwrite procedure, watchread procedure, watchunset procedure, Debugging Procedures @subsubheading watchwrite Procedure @findex watchwrite This breaks program execution when the variable @code{var} is written. Abbreviation: @kbd{ww}. @quotation @t{@b{watchwrite} @i{var}} @end quotation @table @asis @item @code{var} The variable to watch. @end table @node watchread procedure, watchdel procedure, watchwrite procedure, Debugging Procedures @subsubheading watchread Procedure @findex watchread This breaks program execution when the variable @code{var} is read. Abbreviation: @kbd{wr}. @quotation @t{@b{watchread} @i{var}} @end quotation @table @asis @item @code{var} The variable to watch. @end table @node watchdel procedure, print procedure, watchread procedure, Debugging Procedures @subsubheading watchdel Procedure @findex watchdel This deletes a watchpoint from the watch list. Abbreviation: @kbd{wd}. @quotation @t{@b{watchdel} @i{pattern}} @end quotation @table @asis @item @code{pattern} @end table @node print procedure, quit procedure, watchdel procedure, Debugging Procedures @subsubheading print Procedure @findex print This prints the value of a variable. Abbreviation: @kbd{p}. @quotation @t{@b{print} @i{var}} @end quotation @table @asis @item @code{var} The variable to print. @end table @node quit procedure, , print procedure, Debugging Procedures @subsubheading quit Procedure @findex quit This makes @code{runtest} exit. Abbreviation: @kbd{q}. @quotation @t{@b{quit}} @end quotation @node GNU Free Documentation License, Concept Index, Built-in Procedures, Top @appendix GNU Free Documentation License @include fdl.texi @node Concept Index, Procedure Index, GNU Free Documentation License, Top @unnumbered Concept Index @printindex cp @node Procedure Index, Variable Index, Concept Index, Top @unnumbered Procedure Index @printindex fn @node Variable Index, , Procedure Index, Top @unnumbered Variable Index @printindex vr @bye @c LocalWords: subdirectory prepend prepended testsuite filename