aboutsummaryrefslogtreecommitdiff
path: root/cmd/mtd.c
blob: 1b6b8dda2bcb3e81f9b0831ba4ee46ca016b7deb (plain)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
347
348
349
350
351
352
353
354
355
356
357
358
359
360
361
362
363
364
365
366
367
368
369
370
371
372
373
374
375
376
377
378
379
380
381
382
383
384
385
386
387
388
389
390
391
392
393
394
395
396
397
398
399
400
401
402
403
404
405
406
407
408
409
410
411
412
413
414
415
416
417
418
419
420
421
422
423
424
425
426
427
428
429
430
431
432
433
434
435
436
437
438
439
440
441
442
443
444
445
446
447
448
449
450
451
452
453
454
455
456
457
458
459
460
461
462
463
464
465
466
467
468
469
470
471
472
473
474
475
476
477
478
479
480
481
482
483
484
485
486
487
488
489
490
491
492
493
494
495
496
497
498
499
500
501
502
503
504
505
506
507
508
509
510
511
512
513
514
515
516
517
518
519
520
521
522
523
524
525
526
527
528
529
530
531
532
533
534
535
536
537
538
539
540
541
542
543
544
545
546
547
548
549
550
551
552
553
554
555
556
557
558
// SPDX-License-Identifier:  GPL-2.0+
/*
 * mtd.c
 *
 * Generic command to handle basic operations on any memory device.
 *
 * Copyright: Bootlin, 2018
 * Author: Miquèl Raynal <miquel.raynal@bootlin.com>
 */

#include <command.h>
#include <common.h>
#include <console.h>
#include <malloc.h>
#include <mapmem.h>
#include <mtd.h>

#include <linux/ctype.h>

static struct mtd_info *get_mtd_by_name(const char *name)
{
	struct mtd_info *mtd;

	mtd_probe_devices();

	mtd = get_mtd_device_nm(name);
	if (IS_ERR_OR_NULL(mtd))
		printf("MTD device %s not found, ret %ld\n", name,
		       PTR_ERR(mtd));

	return mtd;
}

static uint mtd_len_to_pages(struct mtd_info *mtd, u64 len)
{
	do_div(len, mtd->writesize);

	return len;
}

static bool mtd_is_aligned_with_min_io_size(struct mtd_info *mtd, u64 size)
{
	return !do_div(size, mtd->writesize);
}

static bool mtd_is_aligned_with_block_size(struct mtd_info *mtd, u64 size)
{
	return !do_div(size, mtd->erasesize);
}

static void mtd_dump_buf(const u8 *buf, uint len, uint offset)
{
	int i, j;

	for (i = 0; i < len; ) {
		printf("0x%08x:\t", offset + i);
		for (j = 0; j < 8; j++)
			printf("%02x ", buf[i + j]);
		printf(" ");
		i += 8;
		for (j = 0; j < 8; j++)
			printf("%02x ", buf[i + j]);
		printf("\n");
		i += 8;
	}
}

static void mtd_dump_device_buf(struct mtd_info *mtd, u64 start_off,
				const u8 *buf, u64 len, bool woob)
{
	bool has_pages = mtd->type == MTD_NANDFLASH ||
		mtd->type == MTD_MLCNANDFLASH;
	int npages = mtd_len_to_pages(mtd, len);
	uint page;

	if (has_pages) {
		for (page = 0; page < npages; page++) {
			u64 data_off = page * mtd->writesize;

			printf("\nDump %d data bytes from 0x%08llx:\n",
			       mtd->writesize, start_off + data_off);
			mtd_dump_buf(&buf[data_off],
				     mtd->writesize, start_off + data_off);

			if (woob) {
				u64 oob_off = page * mtd->oobsize;

				printf("Dump %d OOB bytes from page at 0x%08llx:\n",
				       mtd->oobsize, start_off + data_off);
				mtd_dump_buf(&buf[len + oob_off],
					     mtd->oobsize, 0);
			}
		}
	} else {
		printf("\nDump %lld data bytes from 0x%llx:\n",
		       len, start_off);
		mtd_dump_buf(buf, len, start_off);
	}
}

static void mtd_show_parts(struct mtd_info *mtd, int level)
{
	struct mtd_info *part;
	int i;

	list_for_each_entry(part, &mtd->partitions, node) {
		for (i = 0; i < level; i++)
			printf("\t");
		printf("  - 0x%012llx-0x%012llx : \"%s\"\n",
		       part->offset, part->offset + part->size, part->name);

		mtd_show_parts(part, level + 1);
	}
}

static void mtd_show_device(struct mtd_info *mtd)
{
	/* Device */
	printf("* %s\n", mtd->name);
#if defined(CONFIG_DM)
	if (mtd->dev) {
		printf("  - device: %s\n", mtd->dev->name);
		printf("  - parent: %s\n", mtd->dev->parent->name);
		printf("  - driver: %s\n", mtd->dev->driver->name);
	}
#endif

	/* MTD device information */
	printf("  - type: ");
	switch (mtd->type) {
	case MTD_RAM:
		printf("RAM\n");
		break;
	case MTD_ROM:
		printf("ROM\n");
		break;
	case MTD_NORFLASH:
		printf("NOR flash\n");
		break;
	case MTD_NANDFLASH:
		printf("NAND flash\n");
		break;
	case MTD_DATAFLASH:
		printf("Data flash\n");
		break;
	case MTD_UBIVOLUME:
		printf("UBI volume\n");
		break;
	case MTD_MLCNANDFLASH:
		printf("MLC NAND flash\n");
		break;
	case MTD_ABSENT:
	default:
		printf("Unknown\n");
		break;
	}

	printf("  - block size: 0x%x bytes\n", mtd->erasesize);
	printf("  - min I/O: 0x%x bytes\n", mtd->writesize);

	if (mtd->oobsize) {
		printf("  - OOB size: %u bytes\n", mtd->oobsize);
		printf("  - OOB available: %u bytes\n", mtd->oobavail);
	}

	if (mtd->ecc_strength) {
		printf("  - ECC strength: %u bits\n", mtd->ecc_strength);
		printf("  - ECC step size: %u bytes\n", mtd->ecc_step_size);
		printf("  - bitflip threshold: %u bits\n",
		       mtd->bitflip_threshold);
	}

	printf("  - 0x%012llx-0x%012llx : \"%s\"\n",
	       mtd->offset, mtd->offset + mtd->size, mtd->name);

	/* MTD partitions, if any */
	mtd_show_parts(mtd, 1);
}

/* Logic taken from fs/ubifs/recovery.c:is_empty() */
static bool mtd_oob_write_is_empty(struct mtd_oob_ops *op)
{
	int i;

	for (i = 0; i < op->len; i++)
		if (op->datbuf[i] != 0xff)
			return false;

	for (i = 0; i < op->ooblen; i++)
		if (op->oobbuf[i] != 0xff)
			return false;

	return true;
}

static int do_mtd_list(cmd_tbl_t *cmdtp, int flag, int argc,
		       char * const argv[])
{
	struct mtd_info *mtd;
	int dev_nb = 0;

	/* Ensure all devices (and their partitions) are probed */
	mtd_probe_devices();

	printf("List of MTD devices:\n");
	mtd_for_each_device(mtd) {
		if (!mtd_is_partition(mtd))
			mtd_show_device(mtd);

		dev_nb++;
	}

	if (!dev_nb) {
		printf("No MTD device found\n");
		return CMD_RET_FAILURE;
	}

	return CMD_RET_SUCCESS;
}

static int mtd_special_write_oob(struct mtd_info *mtd, u64 off,
				 struct mtd_oob_ops *io_op,
				 bool write_empty_pages, bool woob)
{
	int ret = 0;

	/*
	 * By default, do not write an empty page.
	 * Skip it by simulating a successful write.
	 */
	if (!write_empty_pages && mtd_oob_write_is_empty(io_op)) {
		io_op->retlen = mtd->writesize;
		io_op->oobretlen = woob ? mtd->oobsize : 0;
	} else {
		ret = mtd_write_oob(mtd, off, io_op);
	}

	return ret;
}

static int do_mtd_io(cmd_tbl_t *cmdtp, int flag, int argc, char * const argv[])
{
	bool dump, read, raw, woob, write_empty_pages, has_pages = false;
	u64 start_off, off, len, remaining, default_len;
	struct mtd_oob_ops io_op = {};
	uint user_addr = 0, npages;
	const char *cmd = argv[0];
	struct mtd_info *mtd;
	u32 oob_len;
	u8 *buf;
	int ret;

	if (argc < 2)
		return CMD_RET_USAGE;

	mtd = get_mtd_by_name(argv[1]);
	if (IS_ERR_OR_NULL(mtd))
		return CMD_RET_FAILURE;

	if (mtd->type == MTD_NANDFLASH || mtd->type == MTD_MLCNANDFLASH)
		has_pages = true;

	dump = !strncmp(cmd, "dump", 4);
	read = dump || !strncmp(cmd, "read", 4);
	raw = strstr(cmd, ".raw");
	woob = strstr(cmd, ".oob");
	write_empty_pages = !has_pages || strstr(cmd, ".dontskipff");

	argc -= 2;
	argv += 2;

	if (!dump) {
		if (!argc) {
			ret = CMD_RET_USAGE;
			goto out_put_mtd;
		}

		user_addr = simple_strtoul(argv[0], NULL, 16);
		argc--;
		argv++;
	}

	start_off = argc > 0 ? simple_strtoul(argv[0], NULL, 16) : 0;
	if (!mtd_is_aligned_with_min_io_size(mtd, start_off)) {
		printf("Offset not aligned with a page (0x%x)\n",
		       mtd->writesize);
		ret = CMD_RET_FAILURE;
		goto out_put_mtd;
	}

	default_len = dump ? mtd->writesize : mtd->size;
	len = argc > 1 ? simple_strtoul(argv[1], NULL, 16) : default_len;
	if (!mtd_is_aligned_with_min_io_size(mtd, len)) {
		len = round_up(len, mtd->writesize);
		printf("Size not on a page boundary (0x%x), rounding to 0x%llx\n",
		       mtd->writesize, len);
	}

	remaining = len;
	npages = mtd_len_to_pages(mtd, len);
	oob_len = woob ? npages * mtd->oobsize : 0;

	if (dump)
		buf = kmalloc(len + oob_len, GFP_KERNEL);
	else
		buf = map_sysmem(user_addr, 0);

	if (!buf) {
		printf("Could not map/allocate the user buffer\n");
		ret = CMD_RET_FAILURE;
		goto out_put_mtd;
	}

	if (has_pages)
		printf("%s %lld byte(s) (%d page(s)) at offset 0x%08llx%s%s%s\n",
		       read ? "Reading" : "Writing", len, npages, start_off,
		       raw ? " [raw]" : "", woob ? " [oob]" : "",
		       !read && write_empty_pages ? " [dontskipff]" : "");
	else
		printf("%s %lld byte(s) at offset 0x%08llx\n",
		       read ? "Reading" : "Writing", len, start_off);

	io_op.mode = raw ? MTD_OPS_RAW : MTD_OPS_AUTO_OOB;
	io_op.len = has_pages ? mtd->writesize : len;
	io_op.ooblen = woob ? mtd->oobsize : 0;
	io_op.datbuf = buf;
	io_op.oobbuf = woob ? &buf[len] : NULL;

	/* Search for the first good block after the given offset */
	off = start_off;
	while (mtd_block_isbad(mtd, off))
		off += mtd->erasesize;

	/* Loop over the pages to do the actual read/write */
	while (remaining) {
		/* Skip the block if it is bad */
		if (mtd_is_aligned_with_block_size(mtd, off) &&
		    mtd_block_isbad(mtd, off)) {
			off += mtd->erasesize;
			continue;
		}

		if (read)
			ret = mtd_read_oob(mtd, off, &io_op);
		else
			ret = mtd_special_write_oob(mtd, off, &io_op,
						    write_empty_pages, woob);

		if (ret) {
			printf("Failure while %s at offset 0x%llx\n",
			       read ? "reading" : "writing", off);
			break;
		}

		off += io_op.retlen;
		remaining -= io_op.retlen;
		io_op.datbuf += io_op.retlen;
		io_op.oobbuf += io_op.oobretlen;
	}

	if (!ret && dump)
		mtd_dump_device_buf(mtd, start_off, buf, len, woob);

	if (dump)
		kfree(buf);
	else
		unmap_sysmem(buf);

	if (ret) {
		printf("%s on %s failed with error %d\n",
		       read ? "Read" : "Write", mtd->name, ret);
		ret = CMD_RET_FAILURE;
	} else {
		ret = CMD_RET_SUCCESS;
	}

out_put_mtd:
	put_mtd_device(mtd);

	return ret;
}

static int do_mtd_erase(cmd_tbl_t *cmdtp, int flag, int argc,
			char * const argv[])
{
	struct erase_info erase_op = {};
	struct mtd_info *mtd;
	u64 off, len;
	bool scrub;
	int ret;

	if (argc < 2)
		return CMD_RET_USAGE;

	mtd = get_mtd_by_name(argv[1]);
	if (IS_ERR_OR_NULL(mtd))
		return CMD_RET_FAILURE;

	scrub = strstr(argv[0], ".dontskipbad");

	argc -= 2;
	argv += 2;

	off = argc > 0 ? simple_strtoul(argv[0], NULL, 16) : 0;
	len = argc > 1 ? simple_strtoul(argv[1], NULL, 16) : mtd->size;

	if (!mtd_is_aligned_with_block_size(mtd, off)) {
		printf("Offset not aligned with a block (0x%x)\n",
		       mtd->erasesize);
		ret = CMD_RET_FAILURE;
		goto out_put_mtd;
	}

	if (!mtd_is_aligned_with_block_size(mtd, len)) {
		printf("Size not a multiple of a block (0x%x)\n",
		       mtd->erasesize);
		ret = CMD_RET_FAILURE;
		goto out_put_mtd;
	}

	printf("Erasing 0x%08llx ... 0x%08llx (%d eraseblock(s))\n",
	       off, off + len - 1, mtd_div_by_eb(len, mtd));

	erase_op.mtd = mtd;
	erase_op.addr = off;
	erase_op.len = len;
	erase_op.scrub = scrub;

	while (erase_op.len) {
		ret = mtd_erase(mtd, &erase_op);

		/* Abort if its not a bad block error */
		if (ret != -EIO)
			break;

		printf("Skipping bad block at 0x%08llx\n", erase_op.fail_addr);

		/* Skip bad block and continue behind it */
		erase_op.len -= erase_op.fail_addr - erase_op.addr;
		erase_op.len -= mtd->erasesize;
		erase_op.addr = erase_op.fail_addr + mtd->erasesize;
	}

	if (ret && ret != -EIO)
		ret = CMD_RET_FAILURE;
	else
		ret = CMD_RET_SUCCESS;

out_put_mtd:
	put_mtd_device(mtd);

	return ret;
}

static int do_mtd_bad(cmd_tbl_t *cmdtp, int flag, int argc,
		      char * const argv[])
{
	struct mtd_info *mtd;
	loff_t off;

	if (argc < 2)
		return CMD_RET_USAGE;

	mtd = get_mtd_by_name(argv[1]);
	if (IS_ERR_OR_NULL(mtd))
		return CMD_RET_FAILURE;

	if (!mtd_can_have_bb(mtd)) {
		printf("Only NAND-based devices can have bad blocks\n");
		goto out_put_mtd;
	}

	printf("MTD device %s bad blocks list:\n", mtd->name);
	for (off = 0; off < mtd->size; off += mtd->erasesize) {
		if (mtd_block_isbad(mtd, off))
			printf("\t0x%08llx\n", off);
	}

out_put_mtd:
	put_mtd_device(mtd);

	return CMD_RET_SUCCESS;
}

#ifdef CONFIG_AUTO_COMPLETE
static int mtd_name_complete(int argc, char * const argv[], char last_char,
			     int maxv, char *cmdv[])
{
	int len = 0, n_found = 0;
	struct mtd_info *mtd;

	argc--;
	argv++;

	if (argc > 1 ||
	    (argc == 1 && (last_char == '\0' || isblank(last_char))))
		return 0;

	if (argc)
		len = strlen(argv[0]);

	mtd_for_each_device(mtd) {
		if (argc &&
		    (len > strlen(mtd->name) ||
		     strncmp(argv[0], mtd->name, len)))
			continue;

		if (n_found >= maxv - 2) {
			cmdv[n_found++] = "...";
			break;
		}

		cmdv[n_found++] = mtd->name;
	}

	cmdv[n_found] = NULL;

	return n_found;
}
#endif /* CONFIG_AUTO_COMPLETE */

#ifdef CONFIG_SYS_LONGHELP
static char mtd_help_text[] =
	"- generic operations on memory technology devices\n\n"
	"mtd list\n"
	"mtd read[.raw][.oob]                  <name> <addr> [<off> [<size>]]\n"
	"mtd dump[.raw][.oob]                  <name>        [<off> [<size>]]\n"
	"mtd write[.raw][.oob][.dontskipff]    <name> <addr> [<off> [<size>]]\n"
	"mtd erase[.dontskipbad]               <name>        [<off> [<size>]]\n"
	"\n"
	"Specific functions:\n"
	"mtd bad                               <name>\n"
	"\n"
	"With:\n"
	"\t<name>: NAND partition/chip name\n"
	"\t<addr>: user address from/to which data will be retrieved/stored\n"
	"\t<off>: offset in <name> in bytes (default: start of the part)\n"
	"\t\t* must be block-aligned for erase\n"
	"\t\t* must be page-aligned otherwise\n"
	"\t<size>: length of the operation in bytes (default: the entire device)\n"
	"\t\t* must be a multiple of a block for erase\n"
	"\t\t* must be a multiple of a page otherwise (special case: default is a page with dump)\n"
	"\n"
	"The .dontskipff option forces writing empty pages, don't use it if unsure.\n";
#endif

U_BOOT_CMD_WITH_SUBCMDS(mtd, "MTD utils", mtd_help_text,
		U_BOOT_SUBCMD_MKENT(list, 1, 1, do_mtd_list),
		U_BOOT_SUBCMD_MKENT_COMPLETE(read, 5, 0, do_mtd_io,
					     mtd_name_complete),
		U_BOOT_SUBCMD_MKENT_COMPLETE(write, 5, 0, do_mtd_io,
					     mtd_name_complete),
		U_BOOT_SUBCMD_MKENT_COMPLETE(dump, 4, 0, do_mtd_io,
					     mtd_name_complete),
		U_BOOT_SUBCMD_MKENT_COMPLETE(erase, 4, 0, do_mtd_erase,
					     mtd_name_complete),
		U_BOOT_SUBCMD_MKENT_COMPLETE(bad, 2, 1, do_mtd_bad,
					     mtd_name_complete));